Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is at the big problem of processing petrifaction sewage difficulty that exists in the prior art, provides a kind of and can effectively handle petrifaction sewage, improves the water resources reclamation rate, and the low advanced process method for petrifaction sewage of processing cost.
The technical scheme that solution the technology of the present invention problem is adopted is this advanced process method for petrifaction sewage, and its step comprises:
(1) petrifaction sewage is carried out pre-treatment;
(2) making pretreated petrifaction sewage enter BAF purifies;
(3) sewage after purifying is carried out sterilization, sedimentation and filtration;
(4) carry out reverse-osmosis treated.
Wherein, in the step (2), BAF can comprise water distribution layer, cloth gas-bearing formation, supporting layer, biofilter material layer and back-purge system.It at the bottom of the BAF pond supporting layer, it on the supporting layer water distribution layer, the cloth gas-bearing formation, the biofilter material layer is on top, filter tank, the air, ducted systems and the air-diffuser that provide the aeration of oxygen to use to microbial film are installed in supporting layer, when sewage filters the biofilter material layer, air enters from supporting layer, rise along the filter material surface in the biofilter material layer, mix with sewage, microorganism on the microbial film on biofilter material surface provides sufficient dissolved oxygen and abundant organism, under the metabolism of microorganism, organism is degraded, and sewage is purified processing, suspended substance in the sewage and the mud that is formed by biofilm detachment, held back by filtrate, remove majority of organic pollutants and greasy dirt.
Wherein, the Fillers for Biology Aerated Filtering Pool layer depth is 2-4m, and hydraulic load is 6-8m
3/ m
2.h, volumetric loading is 2-6kgBOD/m
3.d, the backwash cycle is 24-48 hour, and the recoil time is 20 minutes, and gas-water ratio is (3-5): 1, and preferred filtrate adopts the porous ceramics biofilter material, and its diameter is 4-8MM.The ratio of the volume of filtrate volume and unit time treating water is 0.8: 1.
The present invention, after sewage purified in biological aerated filter, in order to guarantee the conditional request of next procedure, step (3) was can add sterilant respectively in sewage and flocculation agent carries out sterilization and sedimentation.Sterilant and flocculation agent adopt sterilant and flocculation agent commonly used in the sewage disposal technology, can adopt clorox as sterilant, and flocculation agent can adopt polymerize aluminum chloride etc.
Preferably, the filtration in the step (3) is that the water after sterilization and the sedimentation is filtered by the nut-shell medium filter, and the filtrate of nut-shell medium filter adopts the nut-shell through special processing.
Further preferably, the water through after the filtration of nut-shell medium filter filters through more medium filter again.Described more medium filter adopts pressure filter, and when Inlet and outlet water pressure difference during greater than 0.1Mpa, more medium filter is out of service, and with empty G﹠W associating backwash, air purge intensity 8-13l/m
2S, washing intensity 12l/m
2S, the regeneration filtrate.
More preferably, through the part of the product water behind more medium filter cyclically utilizing, behind another part adding Scale inhibitors, the reductive agent, enter the secondary filter system and filter.
Step (4) is carried out reverse-osmosis treated and can be adopted the reverse osmosis membrane separation system of present comparative maturity to handle, and through the part of the product water after reverse osmosis membrane separation system cyclically utilizing, another part obtains de-salted water after ion exchange bed is handled.
When the reverse osmosis membrane separation system carries out water treatment, under same water production rate, the reverse osmosis membrane operating pressure surpasses 10%, water production rate reduces at 10% o'clock, reverse osmosis membrane is cleaned, add cleaning agent such as MA10 or MC2 (being commercial disignation) during each the cleaning, cleaned 2-4 hour, make the flux of reverse osmosis membrane return to original water production rate.
In the sewage water treatment method of the present invention, by will be as the precipitation of the stabilization technique of former water quality and technology maturation, sterilization, walnut shell filter, the multi-medium filtering system integration together with biological aerated filter, preconditioning technique as the reverse osmosis membrane separation system, carry out advanced treatment with the reverse osmosis membrane separation system again, further improve and produce quality.By adopting the integrated of multiple technologies, not only improved the quality of producing water, also reduced the pretreated running cost of petrifaction sewage simultaneously.Use 90% equipment all to adopt home equipment in the entire treatment process, its floor space is little, and the water after finishing dealing with can reach national recirculated water and boiler water supply standard.
In addition, the effluent quality that the water of process reverse osmosis membrane separation system handles can provide other water treating equipment never to reach, and also treatment effect is very reliable.Supporting with existing B-grade sewage treatment plant; further advanced treatment is made in its water outlet; produce the fine reuse water; be back to recreational water such as greening, carwash, flushing lavatory, view, and the process water of some industry, this method of opening up new water source by reusing sewage; can effectively improve the water resources reclamation rate; realizing sewage zero-discharge, is chemical enterprise water-saving and emission-reducing, protection water surrounding, realizes the effective way of Sustainable development.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing sewage water treatment method of the present invention is described in detail.
Present embodiment is indefiniteness embodiment of the present invention.
Present embodiment is an example with workshop sewage in the hydrogenation workshop in certain oil field, catalysis workshop, distillation workshop, cleaning shop, crude oil workshop, furfural carclazyte workshop, the storm-water system, adopt advanced treatment method for sewage water of the present invention to handle, product water after the processing can be realized following target: 1. remove remaining suspended substance, oils in the decontaminated water, and decolour, deodorizing handles; 2. the content of COD, BOD, TOC in the reduction sewage; 3. further reduce nutrition content, eliminate the factor that causes body eutrophication; 4. hazardous and noxious substances in the water is removed in sterilization, sterilization; 5. reduction saltiness.
Sewage water treatment method is as follows in the embodiment of the invention:
As shown in Figure 1, pretreated petrifaction sewage is sent into BAF at first according to a conventional method.
BAF comprises water distribution layer, cloth gas-bearing formation, supporting layer, biofilter material layer, five parts of back-purge system.Be supporting layer at the bottom of the BAF pond, top, filter tank is the biofilter material layer.Be water distribution layer on supporting layer, purpose is to allow the product water in filter tank reach uniformly distributing; Also be provided with the cloth gas-bearing formation that aeration is used on supporting layer, its objective is to allow the air can uniform distribution in filtering layer, the cloth gas-bearing formation be mainly air, ducted systems and air-diffuser, and backwash tube is arranged in the back-purge system, and backwash tube is located on the supporting layer.In the present embodiment, the biofilter material of employing is that diameter is the porous ceramics biofilter material of 4-8MM.
The Fillers for Biology Aerated Filtering Pool degree of depth is 2-4m.Hydraulic load is 6-8m
3/ m
2.h, volumetric loading is 2-6kgBOD/m
3.d, the backwash cycle is 24-48 hour, and the recoil time is about 20 minutes, and gas-water ratio is (3-5): 1, and the ratio of the volume of the water that filtrate volume commensurability's time handles is 0.8: 1.When sewage filters the biofilter material layer, air enters from the bottom, filter tank, rise along filter material layer, mix with sewage, microorganism on the microbial film that filter material surface forms provides sufficient dissolved oxygen and abundant organism, under the metabolism of microorganism, organism is degraded, sewage is purified processing, suspended substance in the sewage reaches the mud that is formed by biofilm detachment and is held back by the filtrate in the biofilter material layer, eliminated to produce the variation water quality that water unstable causes and change and caused, played and remove majority of organic pollutants to the influence of reusing sewage system with to the influence of follow-up reverse osmosis treatment system because of the petrochemical plant Sewage treatment systems, the effect of oil removing and stabilizing water quality.
After BAF operation for some time, because of the accumulation of pollutent causes head loss, need recoil to the filter tank, the suspended substance of holding back with release also upgrades microbial film, generally adopts empty G﹠W associating back flushing.
COD≤50mg/L through the water after the BAF processing, in order to guarantee to satisfy the conditional request that sewage enters the reverse osmosis membrane separation system, after petrifaction sewage carries out biochemical treatment through biological aerated filter, add 5mg/L sterilant (as adopting clorox) and carry out oxidation disinfection in the conveying of sewage, the flocculation agent (as adopting polymerize aluminum chloride) that adds some amount again in the water after sterilization is made further flocculation treatment.
After the above-mentioned biochemistry of petrifaction sewage process, sterilization, flocculation, precipitation, the solid-liquid separation series of preprocessing, bacteria content reduces significantly in the water, and COD and oil obtain degraded in the former water, and water quality increases, and sees Table 1, and table 1 is the water quality table of different treatment during the stage.
Delivering to walnut shell filter through the water behind the flocculating settling filters to remove most of oily substance.Adopt HTK-2400 type walnut shell filter, its filtrate adopts the high-quality shell.Walnut shell filter mainly is applicable to the processing of oily(waste)water, and have that strong adsorptive power, its anti-pressure ability are strong, stable chemical performance, hardness height, good, good, the anti-oil immersion of water-based of wear resistance.
The walnut shell filter that uses in the present embodiment can bear pressure 0.6Mpa, and filtering velocity is up to 25m.At water inlet oleaginousness 10mg/L, during suspended substance 50mg/L, the oil removing rate of walnut shell filter is 60~90%, and less than 2mg/L, going out water suspension is 3~5mg/L.Adopt backwash when walnut shell filter cleans, the backwash time is 10 minutes, and backwash intensity is 25m
3/ m
2.min, the parameter of raw water pump just can satisfy the requirement of strength of back flushing, and available raw water pump directly cleans.
The sewage that comes out from walnut shell filter enters more medium filter again.
Employed more medium filter is a pressure filter in the present embodiment, utilize the gap between the quartz sand filter media that is loaded in the pressure filter, make at the suspended particle under the flocculation agent effect when moving to the more medium filter filter material surface by interception, precipitation, inertia, diffusion and hydrodynamism, under the effect of Van der Waals force and electrostatic force and some chemical bond and some chemisorption power, adhere on filtering material particle surface or the filter material surface on original adherent particle.Part is removed along with the reduction of the turbidity of water for further like this turbidity and the SDI value that has reduced water, the organism in the water, bacterium, virus etc.
Pressure filter is after operation for some time, and the slit between the filtrate of top layer can be stopped up by contaminated ion gradually, cuts dirty phenomenon thereby the top layer occurs, form filter membrane, filtration resistance is increased severely, filtering velocity reduces sharply, or the filter membrane crack appears, during phenomenon that pollutent penetrates, therefore to carry out backwash.When the pressure difference of Inlet and outlet water during greater than 0.1Mpa, pressure filter is out of service, adopts gas, water associating backwash, regeneration filtrate, wherein air purge intensity 8-13l/m
2S, washing intensity 12l/m
2S.
The backwash cycle of walnut shell filter and more medium filter generally all is 12 hours, in order to control the SDI value of reverse osmosis membrane separation equipment water inlet in the next procedure, guarantee the influent quality of reverse osmosis membrane, when present segment sludge settling technology has the reaction of satisfying to require, can prolong the backwash time of walnut shell filter and more medium filter.
Table 1
Sequence number |
Project |
Unit |
Former water |
Water quality after biochemical aeration etc. are handled |
Nut-shell is handled back water quality |
Multimedium is handled back water quality |
1 |
PH |
|
6-9 |
6~9 |
6~9 |
6~9 |
2 |
Turbidity |
NTU |
<20 |
<10 |
<5 |
<1 |
3 |
SS |
mg/L |
<20 |
<10 |
<5 |
<1 |
4 |
COD
Cr |
mg/L |
60-200 |
<60 |
<40 |
<30 |
5 |
BOD
5 |
mg/L |
20-100 |
<10 |
<5 |
<3 |
6 |
Oil |
mg/L |
<10 |
<1 |
<0.5 |
<0.3 |
7 |
Total phosphorus is in P |
mg/L |
<2 |
<2 |
<1 |
<1 |
8 |
Ammonia nitrogen |
mg/L |
<15 |
<5 |
<5 |
<5 |
9 |
Total Fe |
mg/L |
<0.5 |
<0.3 |
<0.3 |
<0.3 |
10 |
Cl
- |
mg/L |
<200 |
<200 |
<200 |
<200 |
11 |
Total hardness is (with CaCO
3Meter)
|
mg/l |
~300 |
~300 |
~300 |
~300 |
12 |
Total alkalinity is (with CaCO
3Meter)
|
mg/l |
<700 |
<700 |
<700 |
<700 |
13 |
SDI (contamination density index) |
|
|
|
|
<5 |
Like this, after the adding flocculation agent enters walnut shell filter process precipitation, filtration treatment in petrifaction sewage, some impurity such as the oil in the water, CODCr, BOD5, SS have been removed, pass through more medium filter again, further reduce the SDI value of water, and the organism in the water, bacterium, virus advance to remove (as shown in table 1) along with the turbidity reduction of water.
Remove mechanical impuritys such as suspended solid particle from the water that more medium filter comes out, reduced influent turbidity, wherein a part of water cycle reuse, moisturizing is used to circulate; Enter accurate filter after adding Scale inhibitors MBP II, reductive agent (as sodium bisulfite) in another part water.
Water quality after filtering in accurate filter can reach the water inlet standard that enters the reverse osmosis membrane separation system.Like this, the water that enters the reverse osmosis membrane separation system has been removed solubility salt, colloid, organism and microorganism, and filtering accuracy reaches>0.001 μ, and the reverse osmosis desalination rate is greater than 98%.And provide enough amount of inlet water and pressure to the reverse osmosis membrane group by systems pumps, so that the reverse osmosis isolation process takes place, keep the normal operation of reverse osmosis isolation process.
Process using two cover reverse osmosis membrane separation device parallel runnings of the present invention, to guarantee reliable, the operation continuously of water manufacturing system, the reverse osmosis membrane separation device adopts automatic mode.
When the reverse osmosis membrane separation system-down, the water of reverse-osmosis membrane element inside is in 4 times enrichment stage, under current immobilized situation, causes the pollution of reverse osmosis membrane assembly easily, needs to prevent the pollution of surface deposits with fresh water flushing reverse osmosis membrane surface.
Because the reverse osmosis membrane separation system configuration has automatic flushing apparatus, when the reverse osmosis membrane separation system-down, automatic flushing apparatus can clean reverse-osmosis membrane element automatically, to guarantee the work-ing life of reverse-osmosis membrane element in the present embodiment.
Equally, after the reverse osmosis membrane separation system moves for some time,, cause reverse osmosis membrane performance to descend, will in time clean the permeable amount that guarantees reverse osmosis membrane at this moment because a variety of causes may produce all kinds of dirts on the reverse osmosis membrane surface.Under same water production rate, if the reverse osmosis membrane operating pressure surpasses 10% or with under the equipressure, water production rate reduces at 10% o'clock will carry out the film cleaning, the each cleaning about 3 hours, return to original water production rate with the water production rate that guarantees reverse osmosis membrane, recover till the use properties of reverse osmosis membrane, use the following medicament in the table 2 during cleaning, table 2 is reverse osmosis membrane cleaning agent formulas.
Table 2
Title |
Matched proportion density |
PH value |
MA10 |
1~2% |
11~12 |
MC2 |
1~2% |
3~4 |
Above technological process is after processing reaches emission standard through common process with petrifaction sewage earlier, handle through above series of process again, to the mechanical impurity in the sewage, colloid, microorganism, organism, iron, manganese and free chlorine, carry out biochemistry, absorption, precipitation, separation, filtration, then the water of handling is entered more medium filter, remove mechanical impuritys such as suspended solid particle, reduce influent turbidity.Pass through secondary filter again, further guarantee the water inlet SDI value of reverse osmosis membrane separation system, reach the water inlet requirement of reverse osmosis membrane.Table 3 is the contrasts to above each step removal of impurity, promptly removes rate index table after the different process stage processing.
Table 3
Sequence number |
Processing unit |
CODcr% |
Suspended substance % |
Oil % |
Saltiness % |
1 |
BAF |
60-70 |
70-80 |
60-70 |
|
2 |
Walnut shell filter |
70-80 |
30 |
>95 |
|
3 |
Reverse osmosis membrane |
>98 |
|
|
≥98 |
Enter further desalination of ion exchange bed (comprise cloudy bed, sun bed and mix bed) through the product water part after the reverse osmosis membrane processing system, the de-salted water that output is high-quality, shown in table 4 (reverse osmosis Inlet and outlet water water quality information slip), thus the profitability of increase petroleum chemical enterprise.Owing to adopted the reverse osmosis membrane separation system to carry out desalination, both prolonged the regeneration period of ion-exchange, reduce regenerative agent consumption and softening water water producing cost again.And another part needs water supply standard to blend mixing through the product water of reverse osmosis membrane and the product water of part more medium filter by each, delivers to user's point by output pump.
Table 4
Sequence number |
Project |
Unit |
The RO water inlet |
RO produces water |
Clearance (%) |
1 |
PH |
|
6-9 |
6-7 |
|
2 |
Turbidity |
NTU |
<1 |
Trace |
100 |
3 |
SS |
mg/L |
<1 |
Trace |
100 |
4 |
COD
Cr |
mg/L |
<30 |
Trace |
98 |
5 |
BOD
5 |
mg/L |
<5 |
Trace |
100 |
6 |
Oil |
mg/L |
<0.3 |
Trace |
100 |
7 |
Total phosphorus, in P |
mg/L |
<1 |
Trace |
100 |
8 |
Ammonia nitrogen |
mg/L |
<5 |
<0.15 |
97 |
9 |
Total Fe |
mg/L |
<0.3 |
Trace |
100 |
10 |
Cl
- |
mg/L |
<200 |
<10 |
95 |
11 |
Total hardness is (with CaCO
3Meter)
|
mg/L |
~300 |
3-6 |
98 |
12 |
Total alkalinity is (with CaCO
3Meter)
|
mg/L |
<700 |
<14 |
98 |