CN101106412A - MC-DS-CDMA uplink receiving method and device for array antenna - Google Patents
MC-DS-CDMA uplink receiving method and device for array antenna Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an uplink receiving method of array antenna MC-DS-CDMA system. The method is carried out with the steps that: first, the signals received by each array unit of the array antenna are respectively transmitted to carrier signal separation modules and are multiplied with a corresponded sub-carrier, which realizes the sub-carrier signal separation and obtains an output signal; second, de-spread and matched filter process to each separated array unit sub-carrier signal are carried out to realize user signal de-spreading and get the user sub-carrier signal matched filter output; third, the matched filter output signals on different array units are combined in the air domain to get user sub-carrier signal final judge variable and get the air domain diversity gain; fourth, user sub-carrier signal final judge variable after air domain combination is judged to get the user sub-carrier signal judge result. The method obviously enhances MC-DS-CDMA system performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an array antenna MC-DS-CDMA uplink receiving method and a device thereof, belonging to the technical field of array antennas of MC-DS-CDMA cellular mobile communication systems.
Background
In third generation (3G) mobile communication systems, CDMA is one of the most dominant technologies, and multi-carrier modulation will be the key technology for future broadband wireless transmission systems. The formation of a multi-carrier CDMA system by combining a multi-carrier technology with a CDMA technology is one of the important directions for the development of future mobile communications. The scheme combining the Multi-carrier technology and the CDMA technology mainly comprises three typical forms of Multi-carrier CDMA (MC-CDMA), multi-carrier direct sequence spread spectrum CDMA (MC-DS-CDMA) and Multi-tone modulation CDMA (MT-CDMA) [ Hara S and Prasad R.an Overview of Multi-carrier CDMA.IEEE Comm.1997; 35 (12), pp.126-33; hara S and Prasad r. Multicarrier CDMA review. IEEE journal of communication, 1997;35 (12), pp.126-33]. Among them, the MC-DS-CDMA scheme has the advantage of DS-CDMA technology that can directly merge 3G with multi-carrier technology, is an important technology for the mobile communication system to develop from 3G to the third generation (B3G), and will be applied to the future mobile communication architecture.
As with CDMA systems, the use of array antennas at the base station of MC-DS-CDMA systems will significantly improve the capacity, spectral efficiency, communication quality and coverage of the system.
At present, the basic structure of the existing array antenna MC-DS-CDMA system and the uplink receiving method proposed under the basic concept of MC-DS-CDMA are very different from the method proposed by the present invention, and the signal processing is complex. Compared with the proposed array antenna MC-DS-CDMA system, the method has the advantages of direct and simple signal processing, fully utilizes the spatial domain redundant information of the array antenna, and obviously improves the performance of the MC-DS-CDMA system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method and a device for receiving an array antenna MC-DS-CDMA uplink, which realize the spatial domain diversity reception of an array antenna MC-DS-CDMA system through spatial domain combination and have good receiving performance.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an array antenna MC-DS-CDMA uplink receiving method, comprising the steps of:
a step of separating sub-carrier signals of signals received by each array element of the array antenna;
de-spreading and matched filtering processing is carried out on the separated sub-carrier signals of each array element, de-spreading of user signals is achieved, and matched filtering output of the user sub-carrier signals is obtained;
carrying out space domain combination on output signals of the matched filters on different array elements to obtain a final decision variable of a user subcarrier signal and obtain space domain diversity gain;
and judging the final judgment variable of the user subcarrier signal after the spatial domain combination to obtain the judgment result of the user subcarrier signal.
An array antenna MC-DS-CDMA uplink receiving device, comprising:
the carrier signal separation module is connected behind each array element of the array antenna and used for completing multiplication operation of an input signal and a subcarrier corresponding to a modulation mode of a transmitting end and realizing subcarrier signal separation;
the separated sub-carrier signals of each array element are sent to each carrier signal separation module to be subjected to de-spreading and matched filtering processing, and a de-spreading and matched filtering module for outputting user sub-carrier bit signals corresponding to each array element in a matched filtering mode is obtained;
the space domain merging module is used for obtaining a vector, and completing space domain merging of output signals of each array element matched filter through a space domain merging weight vector to obtain a final decision variable of a user subcarrier signal;
and the signal judgment module is used for judging the polarity of the final judgment variable of the user subcarrier signal to obtain the judgment result of any user subcarrier signal.
The specific signal processing procedure is as follows: firstly, sending a received signal of each array element of the array antenna into a carrier signal separation module connected behind each array element of the array antenna, finishing multiplication operation of an input signal and a subcarrier corresponding to a modulation mode of a transmitting end, and realizing separation of subcarrier signals; secondly, sending the separated subcarrier signals of each array element into a despreading and matched filtering module connected behind each carrier signal separation module, performing despreading and matched filtering processing, and obtaining matched filtering output of user subcarrier bit signals corresponding to each array element; then, matching filtering output of the user subcarrier bit signals corresponding to each array element is sent to a space domain merging module in parallel to obtain vectors, and space domain merging of output signals of each array element matched filter is completed through space domain merging weight vectors to obtain final decision variables of the user subcarrier signals; and sending the final decision variable of the user subcarrier signal to a signal decision module for polarity decision to obtain a decision result of any user subcarrier signal.
The carrier signal separation module and the de-spread and matched filtering module connected behind each array element of the array antenna are sequentially connected in series, then the de-spread and matched filtering module corresponding to each array element is connected with the space domain merging module in parallel, and the space domain merging module is finally connected with the signal judgment module.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
since the despreading and matched filtering processing are carried out on the separated subcarrier signals, the multiple access interference is inhibited to a great extent, the signal processing of the receiver is carried out based on the interference inhibited signals, the stability and the performance of the receiver are greatly improved, and the proposed receiving method has the outstanding advantage of strong practicability.
The spatial domain combination of the signals adopts the suboptimal combination weight vector, the inverse of an interference plus noise correlation matrix necessary for calculating the optimal spatial domain combination weight vector is not needed, the complexity of weight vector calculation is greatly reduced, and the performance of the system is reduced slightly.
The space domain combination receiving method obtains space domain diversity gain through space domain combination, so that the system has good receiving performance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a spatial domain combined receiving structure of any subcarrier l of any user k in the uplink of an array antenna MC-DS-CDMA system;
fig. 2 is a simulation result of the bit error rate of the system to the number of users when the optimal and suboptimal combining weight vectors and the array antenna array elements are different according to the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The method of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1: the process of the present invention is discussed below:
1. separation of subcarrier signals
And inspecting an uplink of the array antenna MC-DS-CDMA system, wherein the base station adopts the array antenna, and the mobile station adopts a single antenna. The mobile station uplink transmission scheme employs a typical single antenna MC-DS-CDMA transmission scheme [ Hara S and Prasad r.an Overview of Multi-carrier cdma.ieee comm.mag.1997;35 (12), pp.126-33; hara S and Prasad r. Multicarrier CDMA review. IEEE journal of communication, 1997;35 (12), pp.126-33] and Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) modulation schemes.
Suppose there are K mobile users in a cell in the system. For the MC-DS-CDMA transmission scheme, each subcarrier carries independent user information, so that the signal transmitted by the ith subcarrier of the kth user (K is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to K) can be represented as:
Wherein, P k，l Is the signal power of the ith subcarrier of the kth user.Is the information bit of the l-th subcarrier, b k，l，i Is a digital signal with corresponding value of + -1, and rect (t) is holdDuration of T b Square wave pulses of (i.e. having a bit period of T) b 。
Is a chip period of T c G (T) is a code pulse shaped signal, and thus the spreading processing gain is G = T b /T c 。ω l Is the carrier frequency of the l-th subcarrier, l =1,2,l, l. The number of subcarriers is equal to the spreading processing gain G for a typical MC-DS-CDMA transmission scheme, i.e., L = G.
For the MC-DS-CDMA transmission scheme, each subcarrier experiences frequency non-selective fading to maintain orthogonality among the subcarriers, i.e., assuming that all subcarriers experience independent frequency non-selective fading, the channel impulse response of the ith subcarrier of the kth user is expressed as follows
Where ρ is k，l e -jφk，l Is a complex Gaussian random variable with zero mean and variance of σ k，l 2 。τ k，l ＝(l-1)T c +Δ k，l Is the time delay, Δ, of the ith subcarrier of user k k，l Is an independent and uniformly distributed random variable, is disclosed in [0,T c ) Are uniformly distributed.
Suppose the base station adopts an equally spaced linear array, so that the signals received by the nth (= 1, l, n) array element of the base station array antenna are:
Wherein,is the array response, lambda, of the nth array element of the array antenna k，l Is thatThe ith subcarrier wavelength of user k, d is the distance between adjacent array elements, theta k，l Is the angle of arrival of the first subcarrier signal of user k, k，l Is the phase shift of the ith subcarrier signal of user k. e.g. of a cylinder n (t) is additive white Gaussian noise, power spectral density is N 0 /2。
The total signal received by the array antenna can thus be expressed as:
Wherein, (.) T For transpose operation, e (t) = [ e 1 ，L，e N ] T Is the corresponding noise vector.
The array vector of the ith subcarrier of user k is:
a k，l ＝[a k，l，1 ，K，a k，l，N ] T [ equation 5]
For MC-DS-CDMA transmission scheme, each subcarrier carries independent user information, and the detection process of any subcarrier signal of any user is the same, so that only the detection of any subcarrier signal of any user is discussed. Without loss of generality, assume that the signal of the 1 st (1 ≦ L ≦ L) sub-carrier of the 1 st user is the desired signal.
Multiplying the signals received by each array element by the subcarrier cos (omega) corresponding to the modulation mode of the transmitting end l t), separation of the subcarrier signals can be achieved. The signal of the user ith subcarrier separated by the BPSK modulation mode array antenna is:
x l (t)＝[x l，1 (t)，L，x l，N (t)] T ＝r(t)cos(ω l t) [ equation 6]
＝[r 1 (t)cos(ω l t)，L，r N (t)cos(ω l t)] T
2. Despreading and matched filtering process
And carrying out despreading and matched filtering processing on the separated subcarrier signals, realizing despreading of the user signals, and obtaining matched filtering output of the user subcarrier signals. The matched filtering output of the nth (= 1, L, N) array element of the base station array antenna to the ith bit of the 1 st user ith subcarrier signal is as follows:
The matched filtering output of all array elements of the base station to the ith bit of the 1 st user ith subcarrier signal is as follows:
Wherein m is 1，l (i)，n 1，l (i) Representing the total interference and noise signals, respectively.
The noise and interference characteristics of the system have a significant impact on the performance of the proposed spatial domain combining reception method. The following is an analysis of system noise and interference.
1) Noise(s)
The noise term can be given as follows:
The variance is
2) Interference
For MC-DS-CDMA transmission schemeOrthogonality between sub-carriers, so that only multiple access interference m exists 1，l (i) The following can be given:
[ equation 11]
Wherein, tau k，l ' is the relative time delay of the ith sub-carrier of the kth user relative to the ith sub-carrier of the first user; r g (τ) is the partial autocorrelation of the chip waveform, defined as follows:
3. Spatial domain combining of signals
The interference correlation characteristics are further analyzed to obtain the optimal and suboptimal combining weights or weight vectors of the spatial domain combination of the received signals. The interference correlation properties include auto-correlation and cross-correlation properties.
1) Auto-correlation
Vector m 1，l (i) Element m of 1，l，n (i) Can be viewed as a series of independent gaussian random variables. Therefore, their autocorrelation function can be approximated as:
Wherein, (.) * For conjugate operations, δ (h) is a delta function.
The variance can be found as:
[ equation 14)]
Let τ be k，l ' uniformly distributed in [0,T c ]G (t) is continuousTime is T c Is the square wave of (1), for equation 14 at [0,T c ]The above averaging can result in:
2) Cross correlation
m 1，l，n (i) And m 1，l，n '(i) is the spatial correlation of the received signal over the different array elements n and n'. It can be derived from the cross-correlation function of a linear array, which is expressed as follows:
Wherein, (. Cndot.) H Denotes a conjugate transpose, f d Is the maximum doppler shift. R k，l Is the vector a representing the ith subcarrier array of user k k，l The correlation N × nhermitianntoeplitz matrix, whose real and imaginary parts can be expressed as:
[ equation 17]
J q Is a first class of q-order bessel functions,
r k，l (n′，n)＝2πd·|n′-n|/λ k，l [ equation 19]
3) Total interference plus noise correlation matrix
Defining an interference correlation matrix M (h) as:
The matrix M can be derived from equation 15,
If it is further assumed that each user has the same signal power and experiences the same channel fading, i.e. has P k，l ＝P l ，
The distribution function f (theta) of the arrival angle of each user subcarrier signal is in the range of [0,2 pi]Uniformly distributed therein, equation 21 can be further expressed as:
R (θ) is a matrix in equations 17 and 18, and the element in the nth column of the nth' th row of matrix M is:
Thus, the total interference plus noise correlation matrix is:
In the formula, I is an identity matrix.
R T Determining the optimal spatial domain combining weight vector of the following formula, namely the optimal spatial domain combining weight vector of the 1 st subcarrier of the 1 st user is:
Wherein, a 1，l * Is the complex conjugate of the response vector of the ith subcarrier array of the 1 st user, and α is a constant and can be taken as 1.
When R is T The sum of interference plus noise, close to the identity matrix, can be considered as space-time whiteNoise, i.e. having
[ equation 26]
Wherein σ I 2 Is defined in equation 15, σ N 2 Is the noise variance represented in equation 10. Thus, the suboptimal spatial domain merging weight vector can be obtained as follows:
[ equation 27]
The invention only uses the simplified suboptimum spatial domain merging weight vector, compared with the optimal merging, the performance of the system is not greatly reduced, but because the suboptimum spatial domain merging weight vector only needs to know the knowledge of the user subcarrier array vector and does not need to calculate the inverse of an interference plus noise related matrix necessary for the optimal spatial domain merging weight vector, the complexity of weight vector calculation is greatly reduced.
The final decision variable, which is the output of the ith bit after the signals of the 1 st user ith subcarriers are subjected to spatial domain combination, is as follows:
Wherein,η 1，l (i) The sum of the post-spatial combining interference and noise terms.
5. Decision of a signal
The invention judges the obtained final judgment variable by using a simple polarity judgment method to obtain the judgment result of the user subcarrier signal. For the BPSK modulation scheme, this is:
Example 2:
the method of the present invention is applicable to any array antenna mobile communication system using the MC-DS-CDMA transmission scheme.
Referring to the uplink spatial domain combined receiving structure block diagram of any one sub-carrier l array antenna MC-DS-CDMA system of any user k in FIG. 1, a specific step of an uplink receiving method of an array antenna MC-DS-CDMA system includes:
step 1, receiving a signal r received by the 1 st array element of the array antenna 1 (t), …, signal r received by the nth array element N (t) the signals are respectively sent to the carrier signal separation modules (1-1), …) corresponding to the 1 st array element, the … and the N array elements, and the N carrier separation modules complete the input signals and the subcarrier cos (omega) corresponding to the modulation mode of the transmitting end l t) the multiplication operation, the separation of the sub-carrier signals is realized, the signals of the user's first sub-carrier separated by the N array elements corresponding to the 1 st and … are respectively: x is the number of l，1 (t)＝r 1 (t)cos(ω l t)，…，x l，N (t)＝r N (t)cos(ω l t)；
Step 2, the signal x is processed l，1 (t) sending the data to a despreading and matched filtering module (2-1) connected behind the carrier signal separation module (1-1) for despreading and matched filtering processing to obtain matched filtering output of any subcarrier ith bit signal of a user k corresponding to the 1 st array element:
，…，
at the same time, the signal x l，N Sending the data to a despreading and matched filtering module (2-N) connected behind a carrier signal separation module (1-N) for despreading and matched filtering processing to obtain matched filtering output of any subcarrier ith bit signal of a user k corresponding to an Nth array element:
step 3, the signal y output by the despreading and matched filtering module (2-1), …, (2-N) k，l，1 (i)，…， y k，l，N (i) Sending the vector into a space domain merging module (3) to obtain a vector y k，l (i)＝[y k，l，1 (i)，L，y k，l，N (i)] T By combining the weight vectors w in the spatial domain k，l ＝[w k，l，1 (i)，K，w k，l，N (i)]And the space domain combination of the first sub-carrier signal of the user k is completed to obtain the final decision variable of the first sub-carrier signal of the user k
Step 4, the final decision variable Z of the first subcarrier signal of the user k k，l And the signal is sent to a signal judgment module (4) for polarity judgment to obtain the judgment result of any subcarrier l signal of any user k.
Fig. 2 shows simulation results of the system error rate to the number of users when the optimal combining weight vector and the suboptimal combining weight vector are respectively adopted by the uplink receiving method of the array antenna MC-DS-CDMA system provided by the invention and the array antenna array element number is different. The array element spacing of the uniform linear array adopted in the simulation process is lambda/2, the signal power of each subcarrier of a user is the same, and the normalized signal-to-noise ratio is E b /N 0 =10dB, subcarrier number and spread spectrum processing gain are 64, arrival angles of all user subcarrier signals are independent of each other, and the number of the user subcarrier signals is [0,2 pi ]]Are uniformly distributed.
It can be seen from fig. 2 that the error rate performance of the system is close to ten when the optimal and suboptimal combining weight vectors are adopted, which indicates that the performance of the system is slightly affected by adopting the suboptimal combining weight vector, but because the suboptimal spatial combining weight vector only needs to know the knowledge of the user subcarrier array vector and does not need to calculate the inverse of the interference plus noise correlation matrix necessary for the optimal spatial combining weight vector, the complexity of weight vector calculation is greatly reduced. Meanwhile, after the array antenna with multiple array elements is adopted, the performance of the system is greatly improved compared with that of an MC-DS-CDMA system adopting a single antenna, and the performance of the system is improved more obviously when the array elements are more, which shows that the method has very obvious effect.
Claims (5)
1. An array antenna MC-DS-CDMA uplink receiving method, comprising the steps of:
a step of separating sub-carrier signals of signals received by each array element of the array antenna;
de-spreading and matched filtering the separated sub-carrier signals of each array element to realize the de-spreading of user signals and obtain the matched filtering output of the user sub-carrier signals;
carrying out space domain combination on output signals of the matched filters on different array elements to obtain a final decision variable of a user subcarrier signal and obtain space domain diversity gain;
and judging the final judgment variable of the user subcarrier signal after the spatial domain combination to obtain the judgment result of the user subcarrier signal.
2. The array antenna MC-DS-CDMA uplink reception method of claim 1, wherein: for any subcarrier l of any user k, the method comprises the following receiving steps:
step 1, receiving a signal r received by the 1 st array element of the array antenna 1 (t), …, signal r received by the nth array element N (t) are respectively sent to the 1 st array element, …, carrier signal separation modules (1-1) and … corresponding to the N array elements, and in (1-N), the N carrier separation modules complete the input signals and the subcarrier cos (omega) corresponding to the modulation mode of the transmitting end l t) the multiplication operation, the separation of the sub-carrier signals is realized, the signals of the user's first sub-carrier separated by the N array elements corresponding to the 1 st and … are respectively: x is a radical of a fluorine atom l，1 (t)＝r 1 (t)cos(ω l t)，…，x l，N (t)＝r N (t)cos(ω l t)；
Step 2, the signal x is processed l，1 (t) sending the data to a despreading and matched filtering module (2-1) connected behind the carrier signal separation module (1-1) for despreading and matched filtering processing to obtain matched filtering output of any subcarrier ith bit signal of a user k corresponding to the 1 st array element:
，…，
at the same time, the signal x l，N Sending the data to a despreading and matched filtering module (2-N) connected behind a carrier signal separation module (1-N) for despreading and matched filtering processing to obtain matched filtering output of any subcarrier ith bit signal of a user k corresponding to an Nth array element:
step 3, the signal y output by the despreading and matched filtering module (2-1), …, (2-N) k，l，1 (i)，…， y k，l，N (i) Sending the vector into a space domain merging module (3) to obtain a vector y k，l (i)＝[y k，l，1 (i)，L，y k，l，N (i)] T By combining the weight vectors w in the spatial domain k，l ＝[w k，l，1 (i)，K，w k，l，N (i)]And the space domain combination of the ith subcarrier signal of the user k is completed to obtain the final decision variable of the ith subcarrier signal of the user k
Step 4, the final decision variable z of the first subcarrier signal of the user k k，l Sending the signal to a signal judgment module (4) for polarity judgment to obtain a judgment result of any subcarrier l signal of any user k;
ω in the above step l Is the angular frequency, τ, of the user's l-th subcarrier k，l Is the time delay, T, of the ith subcarrier of user k b Is a bit period, c k Is the spreading sequence for user k.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the spatial combination in step 3 is based on sub-optimal combining weight vectors, the weight vector for spatial combination of the ith sub-carrier signal of user k is
Wherein, a k，l * Is the complex conjugate of the response vector of the ith subcarrier array of user k, and α is a constant and is taken as 1.
4. An array antenna MC-DS-CDMA uplink receiving device, comprising:
the carrier signal separation module is connected behind each array element of the array antenna and used for completing multiplication operation of an input signal and a subcarrier corresponding to a modulation mode of a transmitting end and realizing subcarrier signal separation;
the separated sub-carrier signals of each array element are sent to each carrier signal separation module to be subjected to de-spreading and matched filtering processing, and a de-spreading and matched filtering module for outputting user sub-carrier bit signals corresponding to each array element in a matched filtering mode is obtained;
the space domain merging module is used for obtaining a vector, and completing space domain merging of output signals of each array element matched filter through a space domain merging weight vector to obtain a final decision variable of a user subcarrier signal;
a signal decision module for making polarity decision on the final decision variable of the user sub-carrier signal to obtain the decision result of any user sub-carrier signal;
firstly, sending a received signal of each array element of the array antenna into a carrier signal separation module connected behind each array element of the array antenna, finishing multiplication operation of an input signal and a subcarrier corresponding to a modulation mode of a transmitting end, and realizing separation of subcarrier signals; secondly, sending the separated subcarrier signals of each array element into a despreading and matched filtering module connected behind each carrier signal separation module, performing despreading and matched filtering processing, and obtaining matched filtering output of user subcarrier bit signals corresponding to each array element; then, matching filtering output of the user subcarrier bit signals corresponding to each array element is parallelly sent to a space domain merging module to obtain a vector, and space domain merging of output signals of each array element matched filter is completed through a space domain merging weight vector to obtain a final decision variable of the user subcarrier signals; and sending the final decision variable of the user subcarrier signal to a signal decision module for polarity decision to obtain a decision result of any user subcarrier signal.
5. The device as claimed in claim 4, wherein the carrier signal separation module, the despreading and matched filtering module connected after each array element of the array antenna are connected in series in sequence, the despreading and matched filtering module corresponding to each array element is connected with the space domain combining module in parallel, and the space domain combining module is connected with the signal decision module.
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| CN105634517A (en) * | 2014-11-26 | 2016-06-01 | 联发科技股份有限公司 | Device and method for dual receiving processing in wireless communications |
| CN106850030A (en) * | 2017-04-14 | 2017-06-13 | 桂林电子科技大学 | The diversity apparatus and method of reseptance of a kind of conformal array antenna of sphere based on airspace filter |
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| CN100358261C (en) * | 2005-09-13 | 2007-12-26 | 北京交通大学 | An array antenna MC-CDMA system up-link receiving method |
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| CN105634517A (en) * | 2014-11-26 | 2016-06-01 | 联发科技股份有限公司 | Device and method for dual receiving processing in wireless communications |
| CN105634517B (en) * | 2014-11-26 | 2018-06-26 | 联发科技股份有限公司 | Multiple collector device and method of reseptance |
| CN106850030A (en) * | 2017-04-14 | 2017-06-13 | 桂林电子科技大学 | The diversity apparatus and method of reseptance of a kind of conformal array antenna of sphere based on airspace filter |
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