CN101104650A - Ceanothus polysaccharide sulfate and its preparing process and application - Google Patents
Ceanothus polysaccharide sulfate and its preparing process and application Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101104650A CN101104650A CNA2007100163263A CN200710016326A CN101104650A CN 101104650 A CN101104650 A CN 101104650A CN A2007100163263 A CNA2007100163263 A CN A2007100163263A CN 200710016326 A CN200710016326 A CN 200710016326A CN 101104650 A CN101104650 A CN 101104650A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- sulfate
- sepharose
- rhamnosan
- marine alga
- preparation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Landscapes
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Disclosed is a cascara glycan sulfate, which is characterized in that the cascara glycan sulfate is a long chain sulfate polysaccharide which is composed of a rhamnose and whose molecular formula is (C6H7O4R2) n. When in preparation, seaweed is soaked with water in homogenate and is extracted in room temperature so that precipitate is separated, and then the water is added into the precipitate which is extracted by heating to separate out clear liquid which is then concentrated and desalted. Desalted solution is concentrated and is separated by an ion exchange chromatographic column and a gel chromatographic column sequentially; at last, polysaccharide solution obtained from the above process is concentrated and dried. The invention is a sulfate polysaccharide compound with strong polyanion property, can be used for preparation of a novel anticoagulant drug or anti-thrombosis drug, and has a good market application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of rhamnosan sulfate and its production and application.
Background technology
Thrombotic disease is one of main fatal disease of modern society, and along with human diet structure's variation has the trend that rises year by year.At present, the global market value of annual anticoagulation medicine is about 4,000,000,000 dollars, and with 13% speed cumulative year after year; The global market value of antithrombotic reagent is about 12,000,000,000 dollars, and is annual with 15% speed increase.Therefore, existing anticoagulation and antithrombotic reagent can not satisfy growing clinical needs far away.And, discovered that as anticoagulation medicine widespread use the heparin in more than 70 year has multiple side effect, as brought out thrombocytopenia, hemorrhage effect, congenital zymoplasm is lacked invalid, unrestraint zymoplasm and scleroproein bonded ability.In addition, heparin concentration is low in the main raw material of preparation heparin, with the generation of Niu Xiangguan " mad cow disease ", presses for the alternative resource of seeking anticoagulation medicine.People remove and continue the research and development low molecular weight heparin in recent years, outside enoxaparin, nadroparin calcium, dalteparin sodium and Tinzaparin sodium, also carry out the structure of modification of natural polymer, as the sulfuric ester of fiber sulfuric ester, pectin, chitin, chrondroitin and these polysaccharide derivates according to the constructional feature of heparin.Experiment showed, that these heparin class materials all have certain anticoagulant active, but certain toxicity is all arranged.Marine alga is the natural abundant source of of anticoagulation polysaccharide.The research and development of Sargassum polysaccharides at present mainly concentrate on red seaweed polysaccharide and algal polysaccharide.As propylene glycol alginate sodium sulfate and mannose ester, be to be raw material with the alginic acid, what prepare through molecular modification has an anti thrombotic action medicine; In addition, studying many then is the brown alga fucoidan, and it has antithrombotic and forms and thrombolytic dual function.But the research and development of at present relevant green alga polysaccharide seldom.The green alga polysaccharide mainly is present between chlorella cell in the matter, mostly is water-soluble sulfated polysaccharide, and it also is present among the chlorella cell wall, and chlorella cell wall primitive fiber mainly is made of xylan or mannosans, in addition, still has a spot of polysaccharide to exist in the chlorella cell matter.Water-soluble sulfated polysaccharide is the main component of green alga polysaccharide, and its The Nomenclature Composition and Structure of Complexes is difference with the difference of green alga kind.At present, relevant rhamnosan sulfate does not appear in the newspapers.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of rhamnosan sulfate and its production and application, it can remedy the above-mentioned deficiency of prior art.
A kind of rhamnosan sulfate, it is characterized in that this rhamnosan sulfate is the long-chain polysaccharide that rhamnosyl constitutes, on rhamanopyranosyl, connecting simultaneously sulfate group, the substitution value of sulfate group is 0.4～2, the weight-average molecular weight of rhamnosan sulfate is 150000～400000 dalton, and molecular formula is (C
6H
7O
4R
2)
n, structural formula is as follows:
N=500～1800 wherein, R=H or SO
3 -
The preparation method of above-mentioned rhamnosan sulfate is characterized in that the marine alga frond is soaked homogenate, and room temperature is extracted, isolate throw out, add water to throw out again, heating is extracted, and isolates clear liquid, the gained clear liquid is concentrated, desalination again with the solution concentration after the desalination, separates by ion-exchange chromatography separation, gel chromatographic columns then successively, the polysaccharide soln that obtains is concentrated drying.
The application of above-mentioned rhamnosan sulfate in preparation anticoagulation medicine or medicine for treating thrombus thing.
Rhamnosan sulfate of the present invention is a kind of sulfated polysaccharide compounds with strong polyanion character, derives from natural seaweed, is expected to become a kind of novel anticoagulation medicine or medicine for treating thrombus thing, will have better market prospect.
Embodiment
Take by weighing the water logging bubble homogenate of 10～60 times of exsiccant marine alga frond adding marine alga weight, stir under the room temperature and extracted 0.1～2 hour, the centrifugal clear liquid that discards, get the throw out that contains the marine alga frond, the water that adds 10～60 times of marine alga weight again, extracted 1～10 hour 60～100 ℃ of stirred in water bath, the centrifugal impurity that discards, get clear liquid, with gained clear liquid concentrating under reduced pressure, dialyse then or ultrafiltration removal salt, will separate by ion-exchange chromatography Q-Sepharose Fast Flow except that behind the polysaccharide soln concentrating under reduced pressure after desalting, successively with distilled water, 0.01～5.0mol/L sodium chloride aqueous solution wash-out, collect polysaccharide soln,, further separate by gel chromatographic columns Sephacryal S-400 HR again this polysaccharide soln concentrating under reduced pressure, with the distilled water wash-out, collect polysaccharide soln, with gained polysaccharide soln concentrating under reduced pressure, lyophilize promptly gets rhamnosan sulfate of the present invention.
Marine alga frond described in the present embodiment can be reef film, wide reef film, bag reef film, capsule reef film, arctic reef film, broken reef film, thick reef film, wrinkle reef film, brown reef film, point kind reef film, hole sea lettuce, sea lettuce, feldspar water shield, admant water shield or flower sea lettuce; Described marine alga frond is soaked homogenate, also can be marine alga to be pulverized, chop up, minces, grinds or rubbing mixes with water and forms marine alga homogenate, or marine alga is processed into dried powder mixes the homogenate of formation marine alga with water; Described ion-exchange chromatography Q-Sepharose Fast Flow also can use DEAE Sepharose, DEAE Cellulose, DEAE Sephadex, Q-Sepharose XL, Q Sepharose, Q Sepharose 4 Fast Flow, QAE Sephadex or Dowex instead; Describedly also can use distilled water, 0.01～5.0mol/L potassium chloride solution wash-out instead with distilled water, 0.01～5.0mol/L sodium chloride aqueous solution wash-out; Described gel chromatographic columns Sephacryal S-400 HR also can use Sephacryal S-300 HR instead, Sephacryal S-200 HR, Sephacryal S-100 HR, SephacryalS-500 HR, Sephacryal S-1000 SF, Toyopearl HW-65, Superdex 200, Superose6, Superose 12, Sepharose 6 Fast Flow, Sepharose 4 Fast Flow, Sepharose 2B, Sepharose 4B, Sepharose 6B, Sepharose CL-2B, Sepharose CL-4B or SepharoseCL-6B; Describedly also can use 0.01～1.0mol/L sodium acetate aqueous solution, 0.01～1.0mol/L sodium chloride aqueous solution, 0.01～1.0mol/L potassium chloride solution or 0.01～1.0mol/L ammonium bicarbonate aqueous solution wash-out instead with the distilled water wash-out.
Rhamnosan sulfate of the present invention is white or off-white color amorphous powder, slightly light saline taste.The monose of the rhamnosan sulfate that repeatedly makes with gas chromatography determination is formed, with periodate oxidation, Smith (Smith) degraded and methylation analysis mensuration glycosidic link link position, with barium sulfate-gelatin turbidimetry for Determination sulfate group content and calculate sulfate group substitution value, usefulness efficient gel permeation chromatography determining molecular weight.Definite by analyzing, rhamnosan sulfate of the present invention is the long-chain polysaccharide that rhamnosyl constitutes, and is connecting sulfate group simultaneously on rhamanopyranosyl, and the substitution value of sulfate group is 0.4～2, the weight-average molecular weight of rhamnosan sulfate is 150000～400000 dalton, and molecular formula is (C
6H
7O
4R
2)
n, structural formula is as follows:
N=500～1800 wherein, R=H or SO
3 -
Be the blood coagulation resisting function and the anti-bolt evaluation of effect result of rhamnosan sulfate below.
The blood coagulation resisting function of rhamnosan sulfate is estimated by activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time and prothrombin time, the anti-bolt effect of rhamnosan sulfate by in the rat body, the thrombotic influence of in vitro tests estimates.
1. rhamnosan sulfate is to the influence of activated partial thromboplastin time: get healthy people's venous blood, place and contain the plastics tubing that 1/10 (blood and antithrombotics volume ratio are 9: 1) volume weight percentage concentration is 3.3% Sodium Citrate anti-freezing liquid, put upside down mixing gently, with 3000 rev/mins of centrifugal 15min, collect upper plasma, standby.Get blood plasma 90 μ L to be measured, add 5,15,50 respectively, the rhamnosan sulfate aqueous solution 10 μ L of 100,200,300,500 μ g/mL, hatch 1min for 37 ℃, add activated partial thromboplastin time reagent 100 μ L, hatch 2min for 37 ℃, add 37 ℃ of preheating 0.025mol/L CaCl
2Solution 100 μ L, the record setting time is the activated partial thromboplastin time value.Control group adds physiological saline 10 μ L, measures the activated partial thromboplastin time value as stated above.Experimental result shows that rhamnosan sulfate can obviously prolong activated partial thrombokinase soak time, with control group significant difference (P＜0.001) is arranged relatively, shows that rhamnosan sulfate can suppress intrinsic coagulation approach or total coagulation pathway.The different concns rhamnosan sulfate shows as concentration more greatly to the influence of activated partial thromboplastin time, and setting time is longer, shows that the anticoagulation of rhamnosan sulfate and concentration are linear,
2. rhamnosan sulfate is to the influence of thrombin time: the separation of blood plasma as mentioned above.Get blood plasma 90 μ L to be measured, add 5,15,50 respectively, the rhamnosan sulfate aqueous solution 10 μ L of 100,200,300,500 μ g/mL, hatch 1min for 37 ℃, add 37 ℃ of preheatings and coagulate thrombin time reagent 200 μ L, the record setting time is the thrombin time value.Control group adds physiological saline 10 μ L, measures the thrombin time value as stated above.Experimental result shows that rhamnosan sulfate can obviously prolong thrombin time of blood plasma, with control group significant difference (P＜0.001) is arranged relatively, rhamnosan sulfate energy anticoagulant enzymic activity is described or suppresses Fibrinogen to be converted into scleroproein.The different concns rhamnosan sulfate shows as concentration more greatly to the influence of thrombin time, and setting time is longer, shows that the anticoagulation of rhamnosan sulfate and concentration are linear.
3. rhamnosan sulfate is to the influence of prothrombin time: the separation of blood plasma as mentioned above.Get blood plasma 90 μ L to be measured, add 5,15,50 respectively, the rhamnosan sulfate aqueous solution 10 μ L of 100,200,300,500 μ g/mL, hatch 1min for 37 ℃, add 37 ℃ of preheating prothrombin time reagent 200 μ L, the record setting time is the prothrombin time value.Control group adds physiological saline 10 μ L, measures the prothrombin time value as stated above.Experimental result shows that rhamnosan sulfate is not obvious to the plasma prothrombin time influence, compares there was no significant difference (P＞0.05) with control group, shows that rhamnosan sulfate is to not influence of exogenous cruor pathway.
4. rhamnosan sulfate is to the thrombotic influence of rat in vivo test: the healthy male Wistar rat of getting body weight 200～250 grams, be divided into physiological saline group, 16mg/kg rhamnosan sulfate group, 8mg/kg rhamnosan sulfate group, 4mg/kg rhamnosan sulfate group and 4mg/kg heparin group at random, divide every day sooner or later and irritate stomach 2 times, each stomach 0.4mL that irritates, the physiological saline group is irritated with physiological saline 0.4mL.In the 11st day by after every day, total amount was irritated stomach 20 minutes, with vetanarcol intraperitoneal injection of anesthesia rat (40mg/kg), it is long to peel off right carotid 15mm, and the stimulating electrode that forms instrument with thrombus in vivo is provoked the artery proximal part gently, provokes the artery distal end with temperature probe.Continue to stimulate 7 minutes with the 1.6mA galvanic current in 30 minutes behind the medicine, when intra-arterial during because of the thrombosis block blood flow, blood vessel surface temperature bust.Begin to claim blocking time (Ocelusion time, be called for short OT) from stimulation to temperature bust required time, with OT length as pharmacodynamics index.Each is organized experimental data and represents that with mean plus-minus standard deviation carry out statistical procedures, the test of significance of group difference is checked with t.Experimental result shows that rhamnosan sulfate has tangible anti-arterial thrombus effect, and the dosage increase then acts on enhancing, and rhamnosan sulfate has obvious anti-arterial thrombus effect (P＜0.001) than heparin.
5. rhamnosan sulfate is to the tentative thrombotic influence of rats in vitro: medicine grouping: control group (physiological saline group), 8mg/kg rhamnosan sulfate group, 4mg/kg rhamnosan sulfate group, 2mg/kg rhamnosan sulfate group and 2mg/kg heparin group.Get healthy male Wistar rat, with Nembutal vein anesthetic rat (40mg/kg), separate arteria carotis communis, get blood 2mL with the exsiccant glass syringe from arteria carotis communis, divide equally in two siliconized polyethylene pipe rings, blood is in 37 ℃ of environment, stop after 30 minutes with 17 rev/mins of rotations, the order of administration of pressing Latin square design is respectively to each dosing 0.1mL of the two ends of every pipe ring, rotated 60 minutes, and went out thrombus, weigh immediately from the introversion of polyethylene tube ring, measure thrombus length, put in 60 ℃ of thermostatic drying chambers and dry, and claim its dry weight, get blood again by above-mentioned steps and do all the other four groups, and then get 5 rats and repeat above-mentioned experiment, calculate the thrombolysis rate of each medicine group as follows.Each is organized experimental data and represents that with mean plus-minus standard deviation carry out statistical procedures, the test of significance of group difference is checked with t.
Experimental result shows, 8mg/kg rhamnosan sulfate, 4mg/kg rhamnosan sulfate group and 2mg/kg rhamnosan sulfate group weight in wet base, dry weight and length and physiological saline group more obviously reduce (P＜0.001), show that rhamnosan sulfate has external thrombolytic effect, and 8mg/kg rhamnosan sulfate group and 4mg/kg rhamnosan sulfate group have obvious thrombolytic effect (P＜0.001) than 2mg/kg heparin group, heparin group and physiological saline group compare, and wet weight of thrombus, dry weight and length all do not have significant difference (P＞0.05).
Claims (7)
1. rhamnosan sulfate, it is characterized in that this rhamnosan sulfate is the long-chain polysaccharide that rhamnosyl constitutes, on rhamanopyranosyl, connecting simultaneously sulfate group, the substitution value of sulfate group is 0.4～2, the weight-average molecular weight of rhamnosan sulfate is 150000～400000 dalton, and molecular formula is (C
6H
7O
4R
2)
n, structural formula is as follows:
N=500～1800 wherein, R=H or SO
3 -
2. the preparation method of the described rhamnosan sulfate of claim 1 is characterized in that the marine alga frond is soaked homogenate, and room temperature is extracted, isolate throw out, add water to throw out again, heating is extracted, and isolates clear liquid, the gained clear liquid is concentrated, desalination again with the solution concentration after the desalination, separates by ion-exchange chromatography separation, gel chromatographic columns then successively, the polysaccharide soln that obtains is concentrated drying.
3. the application of the described rhamnosan sulfate of claim 1 in preparation anticoagulation medicine or medicine for treating thrombus thing.
4. preparation method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that described marine alga frond is reef film, wide reef film, bag reef film, capsule reef film, arctic reef film, broken reef film, thick reef film, wrinkle reef film, brown reef film, point kind reef film, hole sea lettuce, sea lettuce, feldspar water shield, admant water shield or flower sea lettuce.
5. preparation method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that described marine alga frond soaks homogenate for the marine alga frond directly is soaked in homogenate then in the water, or marine alga pulverized, chops up, minces, grinds or rub the back and mixes the homogenate of formation marine alga with water, or marine alga is processed into dried powder mixes the homogenate of formation marine alga with water.
6. preparation method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that described ion-exchange chromatography is separated into chromatographic column Q-Sepharose Fast Flow, DEAE Sepharose, DEAECellulose, DEAE Sephadex, Q-Sepharose XL, Q Sepharose, Q Sepharose4 Fast Flow, QAE Sephadex or Dowex separation, used elutriant is the aqueous solution, 0.01～5.0mol/L sodium chloride aqueous solution or 0.01～5.0mol/L potassium chloride solution.
7. preparation method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that described gel chromatographic columns is separated into the HR with chromatographic column Sephacryal S-400, Sephacryal S-300 HR, Sephacryal S-200HR, Sephacryal S-100 HR, Sephacryal S-500 HR, Sephacryal S-1000 SF, Toyopearl HW-65, Superdex 200, Superose 6, Superose 12, Sepharose6 Fast Flow, Sepharose 4 Fast Flow, Sepharose 2B, Sepharose 4B, Sepharose 6B, Sepharose CL-2B, Sepharose CL-4B or Sepharose CL-6B separate, and used elutriant is the aqueous solution, 0.01～1.0mol/L sodium acetate aqueous solution, 0.01～1.0mol/L sodium chloride aqueous solution, 0.01～1.0mol/L potassium chloride solution or 0.01～1.0mol/L ammonium bicarbonate aqueous solution.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2007100163263A CN101104650A (en) | 2007-07-23 | 2007-07-23 | Ceanothus polysaccharide sulfate and its preparing process and application |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2007100163263A CN101104650A (en) | 2007-07-23 | 2007-07-23 | Ceanothus polysaccharide sulfate and its preparing process and application |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101104650A true CN101104650A (en) | 2008-01-16 |
Family
ID=38998751
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2007100163263A Pending CN101104650A (en) | 2007-07-23 | 2007-07-23 | Ceanothus polysaccharide sulfate and its preparing process and application |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN101104650A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102993244A (en) * | 2012-11-26 | 2013-03-27 | 中国海洋大学 | Oligorhamnose monomer and preparation method thereof |
| CN103974707A (en) * | 2011-10-05 | 2014-08-06 | 布鲁斯.A.丹尼斯 | Therapeutic sulfated polysaccharides, compositions thereof, and methods for treating patients |
| CN105050608A (en) * | 2012-12-11 | 2015-11-11 | 阿玛德特公司 | Algal extract comprising sulphated and non-sulphated polyanionic polysaccharides and uses thereof |
| CN107011456A (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2017-08-04 | 中国海洋大学 | A kind of green algae polysaccharide and preparation method thereof |
-
2007
- 2007-07-23 CN CNA2007100163263A patent/CN101104650A/en active Pending
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103974707A (en) * | 2011-10-05 | 2014-08-06 | 布鲁斯.A.丹尼斯 | Therapeutic sulfated polysaccharides, compositions thereof, and methods for treating patients |
| CN102993244A (en) * | 2012-11-26 | 2013-03-27 | 中国海洋大学 | Oligorhamnose monomer and preparation method thereof |
| CN105050608A (en) * | 2012-12-11 | 2015-11-11 | 阿玛德特公司 | Algal extract comprising sulphated and non-sulphated polyanionic polysaccharides and uses thereof |
| CN105050608B (en) * | 2012-12-11 | 2021-06-08 | 阿玛德特公司 | Algae extract containing sulfurized and unsulfurized polyanionic polysaccharides and its application |
| CN107011456A (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2017-08-04 | 中国海洋大学 | A kind of green algae polysaccharide and preparation method thereof |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN110437288B (en) | Sea cucumber fucoidin and preparation method and application thereof | |
| CN104474575B (en) | Shitosan hemostatic material that covalent cross-linking is formed and preparation method thereof | |
| US20090105194A1 (en) | Process for the production of a low molecular weight heparin | |
| US20090170810A1 (en) | Methods of treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases with low molecular weight fucoidan | |
| CN101328227A (en) | Sea lettuce polysaccharide, preparation and use thereof | |
| Wang et al. | Molecular weight-dependent anticoagulation activity of sulfated cellulose derivatives | |
| CN106349407A (en) | Low-molecular-weight fucosylated chondroitin sulfate, preparation method thereof and application of low-molecular-weight fucosylated chondroitin sulfate to preparation of medicine for resisting Trousseau syndrome | |
| CN101104650A (en) | Ceanothus polysaccharide sulfate and its preparing process and application | |
| JP7270145B2 (en) | Low-molecular-weight sea cucumber-derived glycosaminoglycans and their applications | |
| CN103285031B (en) | The application of depolymerization glycosaminoglycan extracted from sea cucumber in preparation control thromboembolic disorders medicine | |
| CN101328225A (en) | Sulfuric acid rhamnosan, preparation and use thereof | |
| CN107029281A (en) | A kind of preparation method of Absorbable hemostatic material | |
| CN104861085A (en) | Chestnut seed alpha-1,6-glucan, preparation method for alpha-1,6-glucan, and application of alpha-1,6-glucan to anticancer drugs | |
| CN107011456B (en) | A kind of green algae polysaccharide and preparation method thereof | |
| CN105030810A (en) | Application of polysaccharide of rubus suavissimus S.Lee in inhibiting blood coagulation | |
| CN109200058B (en) | Application of poly (propyl guluronate) sulfate in preparation of anticoagulant drugs | |
| CN104610459B (en) | A kind of low molecule amount imitates stichopus japonicus selenka glycosaminoglycans and its preparation method and application | |
| CN102585034B (en) | Method for sulfonating pectin | |
| Huang et al. | Characterization of sulfate groups and assessment of anti-coagulant activity of glucomannan sulfate prepared from Konjac glucomannan | |
| EP2280984A2 (en) | Sulfated galactans with antithrombotic activity, pharmaceutical composition, method for treating or prophylaxis of arterial or venous thrombosis, method of extraction and use thereof | |
| CN106349397B (en) | Depolymerization glycosaminoglycan extracted from sea cucumber composition and the preparation method and application thereof | |
| CN114306713B (en) | Absorbable hemostatic wound-protecting dressing and preparation method thereof | |
| CN117264089B (en) | Brown algae heteropolysaccharide and application thereof | |
| CN115197866B (en) | Paenibacillus, hemostatic polysaccharide produced by same and application of hemostatic polysaccharide | |
| CN103830266A (en) | Preparation method and application of carboxymethylated derivative of partially-oxidized sodium alginate |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C12 | Rejection of a patent application after its publication | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Open date: 20080116 |