CN101102235A - A method and device for measuring switching time - Google Patents
A method and device for measuring switching time Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The method comprises: the sending end determines the data transmission interval and the size of packet, and uses a precious timing approach to send packet in fixed size and adds a packet series number on the packet head; the receiving end receives the packet and extracts the packet series number from the packet; after sequencing the packet series number, the receiving end decides if the packet loss exists, and according to the amount of lose packets and the threshold of packet loss, determines the switch time.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method and apparatus of measuring switching time, relate to communication link in the communication system method of measurement and the equipment of switching time, belong to the communication system technical field.
Background technology
For satisfying the requirement of coverage and channeling simultaneously, existing wireless communication system adopts cellular cell mechanism usually, when the mobile subscriber when a sub-district moves to another sub-district, travelling carriage need disconnect with the base station of former sub-district and being connected, set up new being connected with the base station of Target cell, this process is called " channel switching ".The mode that channel switches has " direct-cut operation " and " soft handover " two kinds.
Direct-cut operation is meant when travelling carriage need switch, and disconnects being connected with former base station earlier again and sets up new being connected with target BS.Direct-cut operation will cause the communication disruption of certain hour.Frequency division multiple access (Frequency DivisionMultiple Access, FDMA) and time division multiple access (Time Division Multiple Access, TDMA) system adopts direct-cut operation.
Soft handover is code division multiple access (Code Division Multiple Access, CDMA) one of switching mode that is adopted in the communication system.Travelling carriage can keep being connected with a plurality of base stations simultaneously in soft switching process, and soft handover is that " seamless " switches, and can not cause communication disruption.
WLAN (wireless local area network) is followed IEEE 802.11 agreements, adopts initiatively handoff technique of website, promptly in an extended service set (ESS), website (Station, STA), select the access point that wherein signal is the strongest (Access Point, AP) target AP for switching according to received signal quality.STA is between AP when mobile, adopt handoff protocol (Inter Access Point Protocol between access point, IAPP) or adopt can manage quick switching (Managed Fast Handover, MFHO) agreement realize with different AP between the switching of communication link.No matter adopt which kind of handoff protocol, STA can be earlier in handoff procedure disconnects relatedly with one of them AP, sets up new relatedly with another again, and this process will cause the communication disruption of certain hour.
In the Ethernet that has the physics loop, for avoiding the generation of network storm, often between Ethernet switch, enable Spanning-Tree Protocol (Spanning Tree Protocol, STP) or RSTP (Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol, RSTP), STP or RSTP make the user can dispose spare line in network design, and guarantee: when the main line operate as normal, spare line is closed, when breaking down, main line enables spare line automatically, switch data stream.The process of switch data stream is exactly in the handoff procedure of network topology, in this handoff procedure, if the terminal equipment on the Ethernet is connected by different communication links before and after switching, the data communication between these two terminal equipments also disruption will inevitably occur.
In sum, the switching of communication link may cause the communication disruption of certain hour.Under the less demanding environment of communication quality, the communication disruption of short time is an acceptable, but for communication reliability, the industrial control field that real-time is higher has strict requirement for restriction for the communication interruption time, in the industrial real-time communication network, real time data can be subdivided into signal, order, state, incident, and request, in these real time datas, acyclic network control or warning priority are the highest, account for 9.5%; Acyclic deal with data or incident, priority is taken second place, and accounts for 10%; Periodic request and response processing priority are taken second place again, account for 80% of monitor data amount, periodic file transmission information, and priority is the 4th, accounts for 0.5%; Other non real-time data priorities are minimum.Real time data information has great significance for " steady; fast, standard " of control, if cause real time information not sent in real time because of the unexpected interruption of communication, that will cause The whole control system can not finish the controlled target of expection, the serious injures and deaths that also will cause personnel.
The system designer often only provides the big probable value of a switching time, the switching time that 200ms is arranged as gsm system, TACS has the switching time about 500ms, or the like, industry is for often adopting special-purpose expensive measuring equipment the switching time of communication link at present, for small enterprise and department, use the cost of these equipment to seem too big.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiency of above-mentioned prior art structure, switch the communication interruption time that may cause at channel in the communication system, the invention provides a kind of method and apparatus of measuring switching time.
The technical scheme that technical solution problem of the present invention is adopted is:
A kind of method of measuring switching time may further comprise the steps:
The transmitting terminal specified data sends at interval and the step of packet size;
Transmitting terminal adopts timing technology, according to Fixed Time Interval, sends the packet of specifying size, and adds the step of bag sequence number at data packet head;
Receiving terminal receives packet, the bag sequence number is stored in the step of designated space;
Receiving terminal according to ranking results, judges whether occur a large amount of steps of packet loss continuously in the communication process to the bag sequence number ordering of storage;
According to continuous packet loss number and the step that sends at interval definite switching time.
Commitment defini interval that transmitting terminal is set and packet size satisfy can not produce a large amount of requirements of packet loss continuously in normal course of communications.Switch the communication disruption of being introduced and will cause a large amount of generations of packet loss continuously, receiving terminal is judged switching time according to the number of continuous packet loss, guarantees the precision of measuring by adopting timing technology.
A kind of equipment of measuring switching time comprises transmitting apparatus and receiving equipment,
Transmitting apparatus comprises:
Finish the timer of accurate timing function;
Finish the bag sequence number generation unit of the packet header sequence number calculating of every bag data;
The bag sequence number that the bag sequence number is inserted into data packet head is inserted the unit;
Finish the dispensing device that data send;
Timer connects bag sequence number generation unit, and bag sequence number generation unit connects the bag sequence number and inserts the unit, and the bag sequence number is inserted the unit and connected dispensing device, and dispensing device is connected with timer;
Receiving equipment comprises:
Finish the receiving system of Data Receiving;
From packet, extract the bag sequence number extraction unit of bag sequence number;
The bag sequence number is deposited in the storage device of fixed storage space;
Finish the bag sequence number ordering of fixed storage space,,, determine the statistics output unit of final switching time according to the threshold value that sets at ranking results statistics packet loss;
Receiving system connects bag sequence number extraction unit, and bag sequence number extraction unit connects storage device, storage device connection statistics output unit.
The present invention has following effect:
1) timing technology that is adopted among the present invention can make and be accurate to 1us the switching time that measures.
It all is adjustable that packet size when 2) sending data and data send at interval, can when wireless chaining status is bad, reduce the size of packet like this, increase transmission at interval, though reduced certainty of measurement, still can measure the switching time of system.
3) the present invention has wider range of application, can be used for the measurement of switching time of wireless and cable network, also is applied to redundant link enabling time, the suspension measurement of recovery time.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that this invention is measured when being applied to measure 802.11 WLAN (wireless local area network) STA and setting up link with different AP switching time;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram that invention is applied to measurement switching time of loop ethernet topological structure;
Fig. 3 is the transmitting apparatus structured flowchart;
Fig. 4 is the receiving equipment structured flowchart.
Embodiment
The present invention is directed to the communication disruption that the channel switching causes in the communication system, proposed to measure the method and apparatus of switching time.This method realizes by following steps:
Transmitting terminal is determined to send at interval and the packet size
Transmitting terminal adopts unresponsive sending mode, throughput according to the maximum of the current support of network, specified data bag size and transmission interval, the transmission rate of data guarantee that much smaller than the maximum throughput that network can bear the situation that does not have a large amount of packet losses continuously in non-switching time takes place.
1. transmitting terminal adopts timing technology to send packet
Transmitting terminal adopts unacknowledged mode, sends the packet of specifying size at interval with the fixed time.For improving the precision of measurement result, transmitting terminal adopts timing technology, when needs are finished when being the accurate timing of T1 at interval, transmitting terminal reads the count frequency of transmitting apparatus CPU timer conter, read the initial value of timer conter when regularly beginning then, after regularly beginning, transmitting terminal is brought in constant renewal in the currency of timer counter, calculate current timing as shown in the formula:
T2＝(C2-C1)/F (1)
Wherein T2 is current timing, and C1 is the initial value of timer conter, and C2 is the currency of timer counter, and F is the count frequency of timer conter.
When current fixed time interval T2＞=T1, regularly finish, as long as the CPU that transmitting terminal uses has sufficiently high performance, this timing accuracy can reach 1us.
Transmitting terminal inserts the bag sequence number at data packet head, and the bag sequence number increases progressively successively.
2. receiving terminal receives data, storage package sequence number
Receiving terminal receives packet, extracts the correct bag sequence number that receives packet, will wrap sequence number and be stored in assigned address.
3. receiving terminal detects the generation of continuous packet loss to the ordering of bag sequence number
Receiving terminal sorts to the bag sequence number of storage, at the result of sorting operation, judges whether that the situation of continuous packet loss takes place, and writes down the number of continuous packet loss.
4. receiving terminal is determined switching time at interval according to packet loss number and transmission.
Receiving terminal estimates that according to the approximate range of measured network switching time communication interruption time may cause the number of continuous packet loss, set threshold value, if the number of packet loss is less than this threshold value continuously, judging that then this continuous packet loss is not to be caused by switching, may be to be caused by transmission error or network congestion.If the number of packet loss is more than or equal to the threshold value of setting continuously, judge that then this continuous packet loss is caused by switching, determine at interval to be shown below switching time according to the number and the transmission of continuous packet loss:
T＝Ts*N (2)
Wherein T is switching time, and Ts sends at interval, and N is the packet loss number greater than threshold value;
Embodiment 1:
The measurement of switching time when the present invention is used for the STA (mobile site) based on the WLAN (wireless local area network) of 802.11g switched between different A P.Fig. 1 has provided the topological diagram of this switching, and test platform is built schematic diagram.
802.11g WLAN (wireless local area network) adopts the OFDM modulation technique in physical layer, maximum physical layer not encoding throughput can reach 54Mbps, consider the radio conditions jitter, the minimum physical layer traffic rate of wireless network is 6Mbps, in order to ensure in non-switching time, there not being the lot of data packet loss, stipulate that this packet size of measuring the transmitting apparatus transmission is 100byte, sending packet is 1ms at interval, the transmission rate of data is 800kbps like this, be significantly smaller than the maximum throughput of WLAN (wireless local area network), and the packet size is selected 100byte, and it is less that small data packets passes wrong likelihood ratio.
Transmitting apparatus adopts UDP to communicate by letter with receiving equipment, transmitting terminal adopts timing technology, read the timing frequency of the accurate timing device of transmitting apparatus CPU, the value of sum counter, is exactly fixed time interval with the difference of twice timer divided by the timing frequency of timer, in case the 1ms that fixed time interval equals to set sends at interval, transmitting terminal just sends data, according to above-mentioned determined transmission parameter, each packet that sends 100byte, 4 bytes in each packet header are used for filling in the bag sequence number, and the bag sequence number is since 1, increase progressively the order of transmission of the value representative data bag of bag sequence number successively.
Receiving terminal receives packet, extract the correct bag sequence number that receives packet, to wrap sequence number and be stored in assigned address, after treating that experiment finishes, with the sequence number ordering from small to large of the bag sequence number in the designated space, add up the discontinuous situation of sequence number then, determine the packet loss number according to the sequence number difference, and the packet loss number added up, thereby determine switching time.
Certain AP of company and STA are adopted in experiment, according in 802.11 agreements handover mechanism, the said firm provides the switching time of STA between different AP greater than 50ms, in the experiment, the transmission of data is 1ms at interval, and when therefore all packet losses being judged, threshold value is made as 50, in case packet is once lost when surpassing 50, be considered to occur switching.
To as follows by the Wireless LAN testing result based on 802.11g of the AP of the said firm device build:
One to two packet loss is arranged in the test process once in a while, but once Zui Da packet loss is 81 packets, there are not other phenomenons greater than 50 packet losses, because the transmission that transmitting terminal is set is 1 millisecond at interval, therefore can draw in WLAN (wireless local area network) based on 802.11g, when mobile, be exactly 81*1=81ms the switching time that switches to STA between different AP.
Embodiment 2:
The loop ethernet that Ethernet switch is concatenated into, because switch can start Spanning-Tree Protocol after startup, therefore just often at network, has only a communication link, another is a reserve link, because during certain cause trouble, the time that reserve link begins to enable is exactly the link switchover time of loop ethernet when communication link, and the present invention is used for the measurement to this switching time.Fig. 1 has provided the topological diagram of this switching, and test platform is built schematic diagram.
Present wired ethernet can reach the bandwidth of 100Mbps, and signal stabilization, to measuring switching time of this network, when the precision that requires to measure switching time is 1ms, send and just be decided to be 1ms at interval, transmission packet size selection small data packets 100byte.When selecting these two parameters, the transmission rate of data is 800kbps, much smaller than the maximum throughput of wired ethernet.
Transmitting apparatus adopts udp to communicate by letter with receiving equipment, transmitting terminal adopts timing technology, read the timing frequency of the accurate timing device of transmitting apparatus CPU, the value of sum counter, is exactly fixed time interval with the difference of twice timer divided by the timing frequency of timer, in case the 10ms that fixed time interval equals to set sends at interval, transmitting terminal just sends data, according to above-mentioned determined transmission parameter, each packet that sends 100byte, 4 bytes in each packet header are used for filling in the bag sequence number, and the bag sequence number is since 1, increase progressively the order of transmission of the value representative data bag of bag sequence number successively.
Receiving terminal receives packet, extract the bag sequence number, the bag sequence number of correct data bag is stored to assigned address, after experiment finishes, bag sequence number to storage sorts, and adds up the discontinuous situation of sequence number then, determines the packet loss number according to the sequence number difference, and the packet loss number added up, thereby determine switching time.
The switch of certain company is adopted in this experiment, according to RSTP mechanism, the enabling time that production firm provides reserve link roughly is 100ms, because it is 1ms at interval that data send, therefore setting continuous number of dropped packets purpose thresholding is 50, if the number of one-time continuous packet loss more than or equal to 50, is then thought switching has appearred.
Measure as follows switching time to the communication link that makes up by certain company switch based on the loop ethernet of rapid spanning-tree algorithm:
Only occurred the one-time continuous packet loss in the test process, the number of packet loss is 60, because the transmission of packet is 1ms at interval, the link switchover time that obtains loop ethernet is 60ms.
The present invention has provided and has measured communication system link transmitting apparatus and the receiving equipment of switching time.
1) transmitting apparatus
As shown in Figure 3, this equipment is made up of the following function module: timer, and bag sequence number generation unit, the bag sequence number is inserted unit, dispensing device; Timer is finished the accurate timing function, and other functions of transmitting apparatus all within timer control, only after timing arrived, just can start working by other functional modules of transmitting apparatus; Bag sequence number generation unit is finished the packet header sequence number of every bag data and is calculated, the every transmission one bag data of dispensing device, and the bag sequence number adds 1, and the function that the bag sequence number is inserted the unit is that the bag sequence number is inserted in data packet head; Dispensing device is finished the transmission of bag data.
2) receiving equipment
As shown in Figure 4, this equipment mainly is made up of the following function module: receiving system, bag sequence number extraction unit, storage device, statistics output unit; Receiving device is finished the reception to the transmitting terminal data, bag sequence number extraction unit extracts after the bag sequence number, and storage device will wrap sequence number and deposit assigned address in, and the statistics output unit is finished the rearrangement to all bag sequence numbers, and add up the packet loss number, determine the switching time of communication link in conjunction with threshold value.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of method of measuring switching time is characterized in that may further comprise the steps: the transmitting terminal specified data sends at interval and the packet size;
Transmitting terminal adopts timing technology, according to Fixed Time Interval, sends the packet of specifying size, and adds the bag sequence number at data packet head;
Receiving terminal receives packet, will wrap sequence number and be stored in designated space;
Receiving terminal according to ranking results, judges whether occur a large amount of packet losses continuously in the communication process to the bag sequence number ordering of storage; Determine switching time at interval according to continuous packet loss number and transmission.
2, a kind of method of measuring switching time according to claim 1 is characterized in that receiving terminal according to continuous number of dropped packets purpose threshold value, judges whether switching has taken place.
3, a kind of method of measuring switching time according to claim 1 is characterized in that: transmitting terminal adopts unacknowledged mode to send packet; Or transmitting terminal adopts the method that reads the CPU timer conter to realize sending accurate timing at interval.
4, a kind of method of measuring switching time according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: transmitting terminal is according to the maximum throughput of tested network, determine to send interval and packet size, the transmission that sets interval and packet size satisfy the situations of packet loss continuously that do not take place in a large number in the communication process of non-switching.
5, a kind of method of measuring switching time according to claim 1 is characterized in that: transmitting terminal inserts the bag sequence number at packet, and the bag sequence number adds up successively.
6, a kind of method of measuring switching time according to claim 1 is characterized in that: receiving terminal extracts the correct bag sequence number that receives packet, will wrap sequence number and be stored to assigned address.
7, a kind of method of measuring switching time according to claim 1 is characterized in that: receiving terminal sorts to the bag sequence number of storage.
8, a kind of method of measuring switching time according to claim 1 is characterized in that: receiving terminal judges whether to occur continuous packet loss according to the bag sequence number, writes down the number of continuous packet loss.
9, a kind of method of measuring switching time according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the switching time that receiving terminal is determined communication link at interval according to the number and the transmission of packet loss.
10, a kind of equipment of measuring switching time is characterized in that comprising transmitting apparatus and receiving equipment,
Transmitting apparatus comprises:
Finish the timer of accurate timing function;
Finish the bag sequence number generation unit of the packet header sequence number calculating of every bag data;
The bag sequence number that the bag sequence number is inserted into data packet head is inserted the unit;
Finish the dispensing device that data send;
Timer connects bag sequence number generation unit, and bag sequence number generation unit connects the bag sequence number and inserts the unit, and the bag sequence number is inserted the unit and connected dispensing device, and dispensing device is connected with timer;
Receiving equipment comprises:
Finish the receiving system of Data Receiving;
From packet, extract the bag sequence number extraction unit of bag sequence number;
The bag sequence number is deposited in the storage device of fixed storage space;
Finish the bag sequence number ordering of fixed storage space,,, determine the statistics output unit of final switching time according to the threshold value that sets at ranking results statistics packet loss;
Receiving system connects bag sequence number extraction unit, and bag sequence number extraction unit connects storage device, storage device connection statistics output unit.
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| CN102938738A (en) * | 2012-11-12 | 2013-02-20 | 上海斐讯数据通信技术有限公司 | Device and method for preventing communication congestion among rack-mounted equipment cards |
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| CN103986548A (en) * | 2013-02-07 | 2014-08-13 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method for determining packet loss reasons and terminal |
| CN104914853A (en) * | 2015-05-25 | 2015-09-16 | 南京国电南自美卓控制系统有限公司 | Measurement method and system for switching time of main and auxiliary controllers |
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