Preparation nano-crystalline and amorphous composite structure yttrium oxide stabilization zirconium oxide spherical powder method
Technical field
The invention belongs to nano-crystalline and amorphous composite structure powdered material preparing technical field, particularly a kind of preparation nano-crystalline and amorphous composite structure yttrium oxide stabilization zirconium oxide spherical powder method.This powdered material is specially adapted to plasma spraying and prepares the high-performance thermal barrier coating specifically.Simultaneously, this powdered material also can be used for other spraying (plasma spraying, hypersonic flame spraying, detonation flame spraying, cold spraying) prepared fuel cell electrode coating, oxygen sensor coating, anti-corrosion anti-wash away multiple functional coatings such as coating and be used for compression moulding, high-sintering process prepares various ceramic components such as oxygen-sensing sensor, unicircuit ceramic substrate.
Background technology
The yttria-stabilized zirconia ceramic powder material has excellent comprehensive performances such as high temperature under the lower thermal conductivity, high thermal expansion coefficient, 1400 ℃ is stable, anticorrosive mutually, is broad research, the desirable heat barrier coat material that generally adopts now.Because stablizer Y in the zirconium white of stabilized with yttrium oxide
3+Valence mumber and Zr
4+Valence mumber do not wait, for keeping the crystalline electric neutrality thereby at ZrO
2In produced the oxygen room.High-temperature fuel cell solid electrolyte coating and high-temperature fuel cell electrode coating, oxygen sensitive sensor ionogen and the oxygen sensitive sensor electrode coating of using this performance preparation have had more deep research and application.In addition, this kind powdered material also can be used for preparing various electronic ceramic devices such as oxygen-sensing sensor, unicircuit ceramic substrate by compression moulding, high-sintering process.
Problems such as the yttria-stabilized zirconia micrometer structure coating of conventional preparation exists that fragility is serious, coating and high base strength are low.Studies show that of some forward positions, the yttria-stabilized zirconia nano-structured coating of thermospray preparation all is significantly improved at aspects such as mechanical property, thermal property, oxygen ion conductor performances, thereby becomes the focus of current research.Hou Shuen, Wang Yan is new, Xiang Longbin etc. have mentioned being that raw material is by controlling the ratio of water (alcohol), nano-powder material, additive with the nano-powder material in " yttrium stable zirconium oxide agglomerate type powder of nanostructure and the production method thereof " of CN 1587062A, carry out spraying drying behind the configuration slurry, finally obtain yttria-stabilized zirconia nanostructured powders material by sintering.This kind nanostructure hot spraying powder powder material loose density is relatively low, flowability is not high; usually also needing to carry out the energetic plasma processing makes its compact structure finally improve its loose density and flowing property; this process has improved the preparation cost and the spillage of material of powdered material greatly, finally causes the production cost height, is not easy to produce in batches.Lin Feng etc. are at " Materials Science and Engineering journal, 2006 (2), Vol.24 (1), P:66~69 " in " YPSZ nanostructure hot spray powder material technology optimization research ", with at " functional materials, 2005 (11), Vol.36 (11), P:1769~1771 " in " hot spray powder material preparation of spraying drying YPSZ nanostructure and sign " at aspects such as the preparation method of yttria-stabilized zirconia nanostructure ceramic powder material, optimum preparation condition, powdered material performance carried out more deeply, detailed research.Lin Feng, in moonlight, Jiang Xianliang etc. are at " China YouSe Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 2006 (3), Vol.16 (3), P:482~487 " in " plasma spraying nanostructure thermal barrier coating microtexture and performance " in further carried out more deep research at aspects such as the processing method that adopts yttria-stabilized zirconia nanostructure ceramic powder material by the nanostructure yttria-stabilized zirconia coating of plasma spray process preparation, coating heterogeneous microstructure, coating performances.Usually, be nano structural material with crystalline region or further feature length in the material generalized definition of nanometer scale scope (less than 100nm).Grain properties length that will be by the preparation of conventional liquid-phase precipitation, high temperature sintering method is defined as nanometer powder less than the powder of 100nm; And the even structure that will be made up of nanocrystal, fine and close sphere, the powdered material that is suitable for spraying are defined as nanostructure hot spraying powder powder material; The coating of being made up of the part nanocrystal that adopts yttria-stabilized zirconia nanostructured powders material to carry out thermal plasma spraying preparation is defined as nano-structured coating.The powder of will be by conventional liquid-phase precipitation, not reaching the amorphous structure of crystallization temperature sintering method preparation fully is defined as amorphous powder; occur simultaneously but not the crystalline flour end is accompanied by a certain proportion of nanocrystal often, thereby mix the even structure of forming, the sphere of densification, the powdered material that is suitable for spraying by nanocrystal and unbodied amorphous crystal grain the most at last and be defined as nanostructure hot spraying powder powder material.
At present, still not about the research and the patent report of the yttrium oxide stabilization zirconium oxide spherical powder powder material of high performance nano-crystal and amorphous composite structure.The present invention adopts the yttrium oxide stabilization zirconium oxide spherical powder powder material of the nano-crystalline and amorphous composite structure of series of process method preparations such as chemical coprecipitation, gel pulp, spraying drying, the amorphous sintering of middle low temperature or high temperature accelerated surface sintering, has characteristics such as high apparent density, high workability.Utilize the extremely low characteristic of yttria-stabilized zirconia thermal conductivity,, finally obtain the yttrium oxide stabilization zirconium oxide spherical powder powder material of nano-crystalline and amorphous composite structure by effective control SINTERING TECHNOLOGY.The heterogeneous microstructure of the yttrium oxide stabilization zirconium oxide spherical powder powder material of final preparation is a nano-crystalline and amorphous compound globosity.The yttrium oxide stabilization zirconium oxide spherical powder powder material of the nano-crystalline and amorphous composite structure of the present invention's preparation is specially adapted to plasma spraying and prepares the high-performance thermal barrier coating, and the technological process of production of powder is simple, the equipment input is little, with high content of technology, be easy to batch process.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of preparation nano-crystalline and amorphous composite structure yttrium oxide stabilization zirconium oxide spherical powder method.For the nanostructure yttrium oxide-stabilized zirconium oxide powder of traditional preparation process, this kind powdered material has novel nano-crystalline and amorphous composite structure, high apparent density more, characteristics such as better flowability have fully satisfied the needs of thermospray (particularly plasma spraying) technology.Another object of the present invention provides a kind of process for producing method with yttrium oxide stabilization zirconium oxide spherical powder powder material of nano-crystalline and amorphous composite structure, this method technical process is simple, easy to operate, the production preparation cost is low, is suitable for characteristics such as suitability for industrialized production.The production method of the powdered material of this kind nano-crystalline and amorphous composite structure not only is used to prepare the stable zirconia ceramics spherical powder material of different ratios Yttrium oxide doping and also can be used for preparing other oxide ceramic powder and the adulterated ceramic powder material of multiple oxide compound constituent element.
A kind of nano-crystalline and amorphous composite structure yttrium oxide stabilization zirconium oxide spherical powder is characterized in that, the spherical ceramic powdered material that this powder is made of jointly the nano-crystalline and amorphous of 2~24wt% Yttrium oxide doping zirconium oxide.
The composite structure of the yttrium oxide stabilization zirconium oxide spherical powder of described nano-crystalline and amorphous composite structure is nanocrystalline and amorphous uniform distribution or the nanocrystalline outer amorphous kernel that coats.
The crystalline structure of the yttrium oxide stabilization zirconium oxide spherical powder of described nano-crystalline and amorphous composite structure is cubic phase (cube phase)+unformed phase or cubic phase (cube phase)+monocline phase+unformed phase.
The median size D of described nano-crystalline and amorphous composite structure yttrium oxide stabilization zirconium oxide spherical powder
50Be 3~100 μ m.
A kind of preparation is nanocrystalline/the amorphous composite structure yttrium oxide stabilization zirconium oxide spherical powder method, it is characterized in that, and comprise the steps:
(1) the salt crystalloid with 2~24wt% yttrium mixes with the salt crystalloid of zirconium, with solvent 1 by the weight ratio of crystal gross weight and solvent 1 is again: carried out thorough mixing in 1: 10~1: 40;
(2) evenly adding concentration in mixing solutions is 1%~40% alkali lye, makes that co-precipitation appears in two kinds of salt, ageing 1~12h obtains gel;
(3) be 1: 0.5~4 by weight with gel and solvent 2, mix fully;
(4) add dispersion agent and binding agent in mixed solution, by being made into slurry after ball milling mixing, the ultrasonic dispersing, wherein the weight percentage of dispersion agent in slurry is 0~5%, and the weight percentage of binding agent in slurry is 0~5%;
(5) with spray drying granulation technology slurry is made spherical powder material;
(6) through in the amorphous sintering of low temperature or high temperature accelerated surface sintering obtain the yttrium oxide stabilization zirconium oxide spherical powder powder material of nano-crystalline and amorphous composite structure.
The salt crystalloid of described yttrium is one or more in Yttrium trichloride, yttrium carbonate, Yttrium trinitrate, acetic acid yttrium, the citric acid yttrium crystal, and the salt crystalloid of zirconium is one or more in zirconium oxychloride, zirconium carbonate, zirconium nitrate, zirconium chloride, the acetic acid zirconium crystal.
The described dissolved salts crystalline solvent 1 that is used for is water.
The described alkali lye that is used for co-precipitation is highly basic (sodium hydroxide etc.) or weak base (ammoniacal liquor etc.).
Described solvent 2 is water, alcohol or both equal amount of mixture.
The dispersion agent of described configuration slurry is ethylene glycol 600, ethylene glycol 600 or ethylene glycol 800, and binding agent is PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) or CMC (Xylo-Mucine).
The time of ball milling and ultrasonic dispersing is 0.5~5h in the described configuration slurry process.
Described prilling process be centrifugal spray drying, pressure spray dryer, mixing stir in the drying one of.
Described high temperature accelerated surface sintering process is technologies such as flame plating, plasma spraying, or adopt the amorphous sintering process of low temperature be between near the sintering temperature the ceramic powder crystallization temperature (450~1100 ℃), the sintering process of sintering time 1~12h.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) the present invention proposes a kind of yttrium oxide stabilization zirconium oxide spherical powder powder material of novel nano-crystalline and amorphous composite structure.And the composition mode of having pointed out nano-crystalline granule and amorphous particle composite structure is nanocrystalline and amorphous uniform distribution structure or is the nanocrystalline outer amorphous inner core that coats.
(2) the present invention will be directly used in the slurry of granulation processs such as preparation spraying drying by the gelatinous mass after the chemical coprecipitation ageing, by granulation processs such as spraying dryings that gelatinous mass is dry and obtain the spheric powdered material, the low temperature sintering of the characteristics such as low thermal conductivity of utilizing material by characteristic or the yttrium oxide stabilization zirconium oxide spherical powder powder material of the high temperature Fast Sintering nano-crystalline and amorphous composite structure that obtains being suitable for thermospray (particularly plasma spraying) usefulness.
(3) the yttrium oxide stabilization zirconium oxide spherical powder powder material of the nano-crystalline and amorphous composite structure of the present invention preparation is specially adapted to the thermal plasma spraying coating process and prepares high performance thermal barrier coating, and the technological process of production of this kind powder is simple, equipment drop into little, with high content of technology, be easy to produce in batches.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the optical microscope photograph of the yttrium oxide stabilization zirconium oxide spherical powder powder material of the nanocrystalline and amorphous composite structure of the present invention's preparation.
Fig. 2 is the yttrium oxide stabilization zirconium oxide spherical powder powder material pattern stereoscan photograph of the nanocrystalline and amorphous uniform distribution composite structure of invention preparation.
Fig. 3 is the yttrium oxide stabilization zirconium oxide spherical powder powder material profile scanning electromicroscopic photograph of the nanocrystalline and amorphous uniform distribution composite structure of the present invention's preparation.
Fig. 4 is the nanocrystalline outer yttrium oxide stabilization zirconium oxide spherical powder powder material pattern stereoscan photograph that coats shell-core composite structure in the amorphous of the present invention's preparation.
Fig. 5 is the nanocrystalline outer yttrium oxide stabilization zirconium oxide spherical powder powder material profile scanning electromicroscopic photograph that coats shell-core composite structure in the amorphous of the present invention's preparation.
Fig. 6 is the yttrium oxide stabilization zirconium oxide spherical powder powder material X-ray diffraction analysis collection of illustrative plates of the nanocrystalline and amorphous composite structure of the present invention's preparation.
Fig. 7 is the yttrium oxide stabilization zirconium oxide spherical powder powder material Infrared spectroscopy collection of illustrative plates of the nanocrystalline and amorphous composite structure of the present invention's preparation.
Fig. 8 is the yttrium oxide stabilization zirconium oxide spherical powder powder material Raman spectrum analysis collection of illustrative plates of the nanocrystalline and amorphous composite structure of the present invention's preparation.
Embodiment
The invention provides a kind of preparation nano-crystalline and amorphous composite structure yttrium oxide stabilization zirconium oxide spherical powder method.Further specify below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Embodiment 1
Get 100kg zirconium oxychloride and 4.86kg Yttrium trichloride crystal powder, add the 2000kg deionized water, evenly stir and obtain uniform solution.Adding concentration in solution is the ammonia soln 700kg of 5wt%, and co-precipitation obtains gel and carries out the 2h ageing and handle, and obtains about 350kg stable gel after the washing after filtration.
Add the 350kg dehydrated alcohol at 1: 1 according to weight ratio, through stirring ball-milling 2h, ultrasonic dispersing 1h obtains uniform and stable slurry.
Adopt centrifugal spraying drying that uniform and stable gel slurry is carried out spray-drying process, inlet temperature is 330 ℃, and temperature out is 170 ℃, and centrifugal atomizing dish rotating speed is 9000r/min, and cyclonic separator is used to collect the powdered material after the granulation.
With the powdered material after granulating in retort furnace, 650 ℃ of sintering 4h.Powder behind the sintering sieve (325 order) promptly obtain nanocrystalline and yttrium oxide stabilization zirconium oxide spherical powder powder material product amorphous composite structure.
Nanocrystalline and the amorphous composite structure of observing powder by scanning electronic microscope is a uniform distribution.The loose density and the flowability that adopt the GB detection method to measure powder are: loose density 1.9g/cm
3, velocity of flow 34s/50g.(as shown in Figure 1, 2, 3)
Embodiment 2
Get 100kg zirconium carbonate and 7.61kg yttrium carbonate crystal powder, add the 2000kg deionized water, evenly stir and obtain uniform solution.Adding concentration in solution is the ammonia soln 900kg of 5wt.%, and co-precipitation obtains gel and carries out the 2h ageing and handle, and obtains about 390kg stable gel after the washing after filtration.
Add the 390kg dehydrated alcohol at 1: 1 according to weight ratio, through stirring ball-milling 2h, ultrasonic dispersing 2h obtains uniform and stable slurry.
Adopt centrifugal spraying drying that uniform and stable gel slurry is carried out spray-drying process, inlet temperature is 330 ℃, and temperature out is 170 ℃, and centrifugal atomizing dish rotating speed is 9000r/min, and cyclonic separator is used to collect the powdered material after the granulation.
Powdered material after granulating is carried out the high temperature Fast Sintering by the oxyacetylene torch spraying.Powder behind the sintering sieve (150~325 order) promptly obtain nanocrystalline and yttrium oxide stabilization zirconium oxide spherical powder powder material product amorphous composite structure.
Nanocrystalline and the amorphous composite structure of observing powder by scanning electronic microscope is the nanocrystalline outer cladded type structure that coats the amorphous inner core.The loose density and the flowability that adopt the GB detection method to measure powder are: loose density 2.1g/cm
3, velocity of flow 32s/50g.(shown in Fig. 4,5)
Embodiment 3
Get 100kg zirconium nitrate and 1.9kg Yttrium trinitrate crystal powder, add the 2000kg deionized water, evenly stir and obtain uniform solution.Adding concentration in solution is the ammonia soln 600kg of 5wt.%, and co-precipitation obtains gel and carries out the 2h ageing and handle, and obtains about 330kg stable gel after the washing after filtration.
Add the 330kg deionized water at 1: 1 according to weight ratio, 30ml ethylene glycol 600 or ethylene glycol 800,2000mlPVA or CMC, through stirring ball-milling 3h, ultrasonic dispersing 1h obtains uniform and stable slurry.
Adopt centrifugal spraying drying that uniform and stable gel slurry is carried out spray-drying process, inlet temperature is 330 ℃, and temperature out is 170 ℃, and centrifugal atomizing dish rotating speed is 9000r/min, and cyclonic separator is used to collect the powdered material after the granulation.
With the powdered material after granulating in retort furnace, 650 ℃ of sintering 10h.Powder behind the sintering sieve (150~325 order) promptly obtain nanocrystalline and yttrium oxide stabilization zirconium oxide spherical powder powder material product amorphous composite structure.
Nanocrystalline and the amorphous composite structure of observing powder by scanning electronic microscope is a uniform distribution.The loose density and the flowability that adopt the GB detection method to measure powder are: loose density 1.8g/cm
3, velocity of flow 36s/50g (shown in Fig. 6,7,8).