CN101099040B

CN101099040B - Vertical axis turbine apparatus

Info

Publication number: CN101099040B
Application number: CN2005800461863A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 戴维·约翰·夏普
Original assignee: Wind Power Ltd
Current assignee: Wind Power Ltd
Priority date: 2004-11-18
Filing date: 2005-11-17
Publication date: 2012-06-13
Anticipated expiration: 2025-11-17
Also published as: CN101099040A; GB0425441D0

Abstract

Vertical axis turbine apparatus is described in which a rotating blade turbine member mounted on a fixed base consists of one to fifty, preferably two or three, upwardly and outwardly inclined spars (F). On each spar is set at least one aerofoil or hydrofoil section blade (S). If there is more than one spar, the spars are preferably held to one another via a plurality of guy wires (T).

Description

A kind of vertical axis turbine apparatus

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of vertical axis turbine, particularly a kind ofly be used for but be not limited only to the vertical axis turbine that is used to generate electricity.

Background technique

As everyone knows, since the several centuries, the energy can be obtained by wind-force.In the medieval landscape painting of many countries, windmill is the characteristic of knowing for the people, even in today, windmill also is applied to various occasions all over the world.Generating is a special application of wind turbine.

Along with to the exhausted of fossil fuel and to using the growth of the dysgenic concern that fossil fuel possibly cause environment, utilize the possibility of the especially extensive generating of wind turbine generating, cause people's interest once more.

Many countries have built up so-called " wind farm ", in the hope of gathering in the crops wind energy in this way." wind farm " generally is made up of row's tower, and the top that the top of each tower has is rotatable, be used to aim at wind direction is equipped with a plurality of turbine blades on this top, and these turbine blades all are connected with a running shaft as propeller blade.But different is, propeller blade is by engine-driving, and these turbine blades are by wind-drive, thus the thrust forward that produces.Had in a large number and delivered about the document of this horizontal axis wind turbine device.

Though begun to utilize this device to carry out commercial electricity production, can be repugnant to the eye when some observers worry among this device is seated rural scenery.Set up the offshore wind turbine and can reduce influence, and will oppose that reason transfers to the absolute dimension of device and quantitatively view.Through increasing the size of offshore wind turbine, can reduce the quantity that the required wind turbine of given power is provided, thereby can reduce the cost that is electrically connected ashore.

The crooked caused fatigue damage of upset of repeatability (like " metal fatigue ") of the blade that its weight produces during the blade rotation has limited the horizontal axis wind turbine device size.Suppose in design, not carry out other improvement, the fatigue damage that is caused by leaf weight increases with the increase of blade dimensions proportionally.When the size of blade became bigger, the artificer had to adopt the better different materials of fatigue resistance, but these materials are expensive more usually, thereby had reduced the cost efficiency of this device.

Blade can not receive the back-flexing that weight causes around the wind turbine assembly that vertical shaft rotates, but can receive the fatigue damage that wind load causes.Yet blast fatigue can not increase with the increase of the size of so-called vertical-shaft wind turbine plant, therefore can not produce restriction to its size.

Many suggestions that utilize the vertical-shaft wind turbine generation have been proposed in the past.The document that relates to so-called Savonius design and Darrieus design is in a large number arranged, and practical generator unit builds up also.But,, utilize the vertical-shaft wind turbine generation not obtain commercial wind farm operator's good opinion owing to lack exploitation well.Shortage is the reason of the exploitation of vertical-shaft wind turbo machine, it has been generally acknowledged that the operational efficiency of vertical-shaft wind turbo machine is lower than the operational efficiency of horizontal shaft turbines.

GB-A-2102079 has described a kind of vertical-shaft wind turbo machine, and this vertical-shaft wind turbo machine has with the acclivitous double-leaf of the relative horizontal plane of selectable angle, and this double-leaf bottom is connected to one, thereby allows it to rotate around a vertical shaft.Any gyp exploitation is not also carried out in this design.This design has the shortcoming that produces wind pressure, and the wind pressure that is produced can cause the excessive upset or the tilting moment of whole device.The cost of antidumping moment is uneconomic.

GB-A-2303409 discloses a kind of similar vertical-shaft wind turbo machine, and this wind turbine is made up of the independent blade that the balance of rotating around vertical shaft tilts, and under the blast effect, this vertical shaft can wave on the direction opposite with the resistance of balancing mass.This design reduces tilting moment, but needs heavier blade and balancing mass, and Economy is relatively poor.

Be used under water extracting modern designs electric energy, that be called hydroelectric more turbo machines from current to being installed in from medieval waterwheel, it also is on record being used for from the turbine plant of flowing water extraction electric energy.

Summary of the invention

We provide a kind of new design of vertical axis turbine, and this new design can be brought up to the size that surpasses economically feasible horizontal shaft turbines to the size of vertical axis turbine.This vertical axis turbine can be used as in bank or the use of offshore wind turbine or is used under water, is used for extracting electric energy from fluid.

The most wide in range aspect according to the present invention; The present invention provides a kind of vertical axis turbine; This vertical axis turbine comprises fixed pedestal and the turbine component with blade that is installed on this fixed pedestal and can rotates around vertical shaft; This member with blade is made up of the spar of at least one inclination elongation of tilting from top, axial rotary outside, and at least one the short wing cross section or the blade of hydrofoil tee section are set on this spar or on this each spar.Preferably, adjust the wing cross section of said weak point or the angle of hydrofoil tee section blade and spar, when bearing wind-force or current load at turbo machine, optimization is around total turning pair of vertical shaft and minimize total heeling moment.When not having only a blade, all blades can be different with the angle of spar.As structural support wing or hydrofoil shape part, the elongation spar must rely on self bearing load, and therefore, said spar is preferably to have wing or hydrofoil shape section, so that resistance is minimum.

Preferably, the number of said spar is 2 or 3, but if desired, can be provided with up to 50 said spars.If spar surpasses one, preferably said a plurality of spars are kept together by a plurality of vangs or analog, and this vang connects together each spar with the perhaps adjacent spar relative with this spar.The angle of inclination of the relative Vertical direction of this each spar is adjustable, thereby adjusts this angle of inclination like the base portion of hinged each spar through shortening or prolong vang.Preferably, the number of the wing cross section of said weak point or hydrofoil shape part more preferably is between 2 to 5 between 1 to 20, is most preferably 4.

Wing or the hydrofoil shape profile of blade and spar, just its leading edge can be different on its classification, thickness-wing chord ratio and arcuate in shape to the section of trailing edge.For wind turbine, the maximum ga(u)ge of the aerodynamic configuration of said blade-wing chord ratio is preferably between 10% to 50%.

The aspect ratio of the blade of said each short wing cross section or hydrofoil tee section is preferably between 2 to 5, but is most preferably between 3 to 4.

Radially outer substantially horizontal in the radially vertical plane that comprises the spar center line is measured; The wing cross section of said weak point or hydrofoil tee section blade are preferably between 90 ° to 160 ° at the setting angle on spar or each spar, but are most preferably about 145 °.

One in the normal direction cross sectional planes of short blade perpendicular to comprising radially vertically measuring to flat horizontal lines of spar center line; The setting angle of blade on spar of the wing cross section of each said weak point or hydrofoil tee section; Just the angle of inclination is preferably between+5 ° to-5 °.The setting angle of each blade can be identical or different.Should regulate this angle so that turbo machine obtains the most effective of electric energy from wind-force or current, but also can utilize this angle adjustment to realize other purpose.For example, the angle of inclination of the wing cross section through changing one or more weak points with progressive mode or the blade of hydrofoil tee section, the change amount at this angle of inclination can reach 90 °, to reach the effect of aerobraking or hydraulic braking.This is of great value to controlling turbo machine effectively, for example when strong wind or mighty torrent occurring, utilizes above-mentioned angle adjustment with the restriction output power.In addition; The wing cross section of one or more said weak points or hydrofoil tee section can comprise a kind of device; This device can be around the same rearmost part of rotating said blade circularly of hinge film size wing in+90 ° to-90 ° scope of spanwise, to maximize the output power of said turbo machine.

The size of turbo machine of the present invention can in very large range change, and the size of turbo machine is big more certainly, and its power that can produce is also big more.Design capacity is that the typical sizes of the wind turbine of 1 megawatt is: the diameter of a circle that spar outer rim level is skimmed over is 100 meters, blade along the length of spanwise is 16 meters, and chord length is 5.5 meters.

The structure of vertical tilt spar can differ widely; This structure also can be simple; Be that extend the outside portion of independent central spar top; This structure also can be complicated, and the framework that for example is made up of many sub-spars, this framework are used to install the independent short limb tee section or the blade of hydrofoil tee section.Preferably, the cross section of spar and all be wing cross section or hydrofoil tee section like other any members such as pillar or its connecting bands is with minimise drag.Under this condition, can adopt various designs.

Description of drawings

Below with reference to accompanying drawing and through embodiment's further explain the present invention, wherein:

Fig. 1 is the stereogram of vertical-shaft wind turbine plant of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the vertical shaft section of device shown in Figure 1;

Fig. 3 is another embodiment's a three-dimensional sketch; And

Fig. 4 is the embodiment's among Fig. 3 a complete vertical section.

Embodiment

At first with reference to figure 1 and Fig. 2, a kind of wind turbine assembly has been shown among the figure, this wind turbine assembly has two arm F that connect through vang T, and this arm F comprises independently spar, and this spar supports the blade S in short wing cross section.

The base portion of two spar F connects together at the axle H place that rotatably is arranged on the pedestal B.When wind out-of-date; Assembly arm F, blade S and the vang T vertical shaft rotation on pedestal B; And can drive the rotor machine of suitable type by suitable axle through transmission device, perhaps preferably, can directly drive the rotor machine of suitable type by this.The overall dimensions of turbine plant illustrated in figures 1 and 2 can change within a large range, and bigger its engineering expenditure of the size of turbine plant is also big more, but the power that its rotation is produced is equally also big more.

With reference now to Fig. 3 and Fig. 4,, a kind of wind turbine assembly has been shown among the figure, this wind turbine assembly has two arms, and this arm comprises the framework of the complicacy that is made up of pillar and connecting band of the blade S that supports short wing cross section.

Each pillar and the connecting band that form arm or spar have wing cross section, so that windage is minimum.Shown in figure, around the vertical shaft through the device center, see that the leading edge of each wing part is at identical circumferencial direction, therefore when wind levels is blown over this device, make turbine plant of the present invention rotate along the represented sense of rotation of R among Fig. 3.

Find out easily that from Fig. 3 these two arms are based upon and are roughly on the columniform pedestal B.As can be seen from the figure, these two arms are rotatably connected on a pair of mounting boss at its base portion respectively, make after three pillars that are labeled as F ' break away from, each arm all can around one be labeled as the approximate horizontal of A the axle rotation.This is very useful, for instance, makes that can repair any aerofoil that the collision because of bird causes damages.

Pedestal B is installed on the suitable bearing arrangement, and provides corresponding device thereof driving generator directly or indirectly, with crossing when wind when making Fig. 3 and assembly rotation shown in Figure 4, produces electric energy.

The underwater turbine machine can be made in a similar fashion, but the situation that may run into will be considered.Through well-designed, can reduce the actual volume weight of rotary turbine mechanism part greatly, thereby practice thrift engineering cost widely through as making the hydrofoil shape member of hollow.

Claims

1. vertical axis turbine comprises:

Pedestal; With

Turbine component is installed on this pedestal, is used for rotating around a vertical shaft with respect to this pedestal, and this said turbine component comprises:

The spar of the wing or hydrofoil shape of at least one elongation of tilting, this spar are installed to this pedestal with its bottom and from axial rotary and outward-dipping; And

Each spar is provided with at least one blade wing or the hydrofoil tee section; Wherein

Each blade wing or the hydrofoil tee section is following or outward-dipping with respect to axial rotary; And

Each blade wing or the hydrofoil tee section is installed to be and when this turbo machine is worked, produces lifting force pneumatic or that surge, the heeling moment that this lifting force opposing is produced by spar in fluid stream.

2. turbo machine according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; In 90 ° to 160 ° scope, this angle is to measure from radially outer substantially horizontal in the plane at the radially vertical of the center line that comprises this spar to the blade of this wing or hydrofoil tee section in the angle of the installation on each spar.

3. turbo machine according to claim 1 and 2; It is characterized in that; The angle of the blade installation of each wing or hydrofoil tee section to the spar is in+5 ° to-5 ° scope; This angle is in the normal direction cross sectional planes of short blade, to measure from a horizontal line, this horizontal line perpendicular to the center line that comprises this spar radially vertically to the plane.

4. turbo machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that, each blade wing or the hydrofoil tee section has from this spar downwards and outward extending first blade part and from this spar upwards and second blade part that extends internally.

5. turbo machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the number of said spar is two or three.

6. turbo machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the number of the blade of the wing or hydrofoil tee section on each spar is one to five.

7. turbo machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the aspect ratio of the blade of each wing or hydrofoil tee section is all in 2 to 5 scope.

8. turbo machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that, comprises two or more spars, and comprises a plurality of vangs or the analog that each spar is connected to relative or adjacent spar.

9. turbo machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that the angle of inclination of said spar is variable.

10. turbo machine according to claim 9 is characterized in that each spar is hinged on the base component, is used for around falling hinger axle rotation, to change the angle of inclination.

11. turbo machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that, this spar is made up of a plurality of sub-spars, and said a plurality of sub-spars have constituted the framework of the blade in the wing cross section that is used to install independent weak point.

12. turbo machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that, this turbo machine is constructed to wind turbine, and wherein the aerodynamic configuration of this blade has the maximum ga(u)ge-wing chord ratio in 10% to 50% scope.