CN101098890A - Fc variants with altered binding to fcrn - Google Patents

Abstract

The present application relates to optimized IgG immunoglobulin variants, engineering methods for their generation, and their application, particularly for therapeutic purposes.

Description

To FcRn in conjunction with reformed Fc variant

The application requires the USSN that submitted on November 12nd, 2004 according to 35 U.S.C.119 (e), and 60/627,763; The USSN that on January 11st, 2005 submitted to, 60/642,886; The USSN 60/649,508 that on February 2nd, 2005 submitted to; The USSN 60/662,468 that on March 15th, 2005 submitted to; The USSN 60/669,311 that on April 6th, 2005 submitted to; The USSN60/681 that on May 16th, 2005 submitted to, 607; The USSN 60/690,200 that on June 13rd, 2005 submitted to; The USSN 60/696,609 that on July 15th, 2005 submitted to; The USSN 60/703,018 that on July 27th, 2005 submitted to; Right of priority with the USSN 60/726,453 that submitted on October 12nd, 2005 all is incorporated herein by reference them at this.

Invention field

The application relates to the IgG immunoglobulin variants of optimization, produces their working method and their application, especially for therapeutic purpose.

Background of invention

Antibody is the antigenic immune protein of binding specificity.In comprising most of Mammalss of people and small white mouse, can be from heavy polypeptide chain of paired and light polypeptide chain building antibody.Every chain all is made up of immunoglobulin (Ig) (Ig) territory independently, so the collective term immunoglobulin (Ig) is used to describe this albumen.Every chain is made up of two different districts that are called variable region and constant region.Light chain and variable region of heavy chain demonstrate significant sequence polymorphism between the antibody, and they are responsible in conjunction with target antigen.Constant region demonstrates lower sequence polymorphism, and they are responsible in conjunction with many native proteins to cause important biochemical event.The mankind have five kinds of different classes of antibody, comprise IgA (comprising subclass IgA1 and IgA2), IgD, IgE, IgG (comprising subclass IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4) and IgM.Though can there be subtle difference in the V district of these antibody, the distinguishing characteristics between them is in their constant region.Fig. 1 has shown the IgG1 antibody of the example of the immunoglobulin (Ig) of conduct description here general structural features.IgG antibody is by two heavy chains and two tetramer albumen that light chain is formed.The IgG heavy chain is made up of four immunoglobulin (Ig) territories that are followed successively by VH-CH1-CH2-CH3 from N-to the C-end, VH-CH1-CH2-CH3 is called as heavy chain variable domain, heavy chain constant domain 1, heavy chain constant domain 2 and heavy chain constant domain 3 (be also referred to as VH-C γ 1-C γ 2-C γ 3, refer to heavy chain variable domain, constant γ 1 territory, constant γ 2 territories and constant γ 3 territories respectively) respectively.The IgG light chain is made up of two immunoglobulin (Ig) territories that are followed successively by VL-CL from N-to the C-end, and VL-CL is called as light chain variable territory and light chain constant domain respectively.

The variable region of antibody comprises the antigen of this molecule in conjunction with determinant, so it has determined the specificity of antibody to target antigen.The sequence of variable region and sequence difference maximum from other antibody of same classification, the variable region also hence obtains one's name.The sequence difference major part occurs in complementary determining region (CDRs).Always have 6 CDRs, each three of heavy chain and light chains are named as VH CDR1, VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1, VL CDR2 and VL CDR3.The outer variable region of CDRs is called as skeleton (FR) district.Though the variation in FR district is big not as CDRs, the FR district between the different antibodies also can occurrence sequence difference.Generally speaking, these characteristic structures of antibody provide stable support (FR district), immunity system based on this support can explore substantial antigen in conjunction with diversity (CDRs) to obtain specificity at broad antigen series.Can obtain from the segmental a large amount of high resolution structures in the multiple variable region of different organisms, some of them variable region fragment is uncombined, and some and antigen have formed mixture.Sequence and constructional feature (Morea et al., 1997, the BiophysChem 68:9-16 of antibody variable region can have been characterized well; Morea et al., 2000, Methods 20:267-279, all be incorporated herein by reference), the conservative feature of antibody made everybody can develop a large amount of antibody engineering technology (Maynard et al., 2000, Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2:339-376 all is incorporated herein by reference).For example: will be from a kind of antibody, for example the CDRs grafting of murine antibody for example can on the framework region of people's antibody to another kind of antibody.This process that is called as " humanization " in this area can produce the lower Antybody therapy agent of immunogenicity from the non-human antibody.When not having other districts of antibody, the fragment that comprises the variable region can exist, comprise, for example comprise VH-C γ 1 and VH-CL Fab (Fab), comprise the variable region fragment (Fv) of VH and VL, in same chain, comprise the VH that links together and the single chain variable fragment (scFv) of VL, and multiple other variable region fragments.

The Fc district of antibody and lot of F c acceptor and ligand interaction give antibody a series of important performances that are called as effector functions.As illustrated in fig. 1 and 2, the Fc district of IgG comprises Ig territory C γ 2, the terminal hinge of N-of C γ 3 and introducing C γ 2.The important family of IgG class Fc acceptor is Fc γ acceptor (Fc γ Rs).Contact between these receptor-mediated antibody and the immune system cell arm (Raghavan et al., 1996, Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 12:181-220; Ravetch et al., 2001, Annu RevImmunol 19:275-290 all is incorporated herein by reference).In the mankind, these protein families comprise the Fc γ RI (CD64) that comprises hypotype Fc γ RIa, Fc γ RIb and Fc γ RIc, comprise the Fc γ RII (CD32) of hypotype Fc γ RIIa (comprising allotype H131 and R131), Fc γ RIIb (comprising Fc γ RIIb-1 and Fc γ RIIb-2) and Fc γ RIIc; And Fc γ RIII (CD16) (the Jefferis et al. that comprises hypotype Fc γ RIIIa (comprising allotype V158 and F158) and Fc γ RIIIb (comprising allotype Fc γ RIIIb-NA1 and Fc γ RIIIb-NA2), 2002, Immunol Lett 82:57-65 all is incorporated herein by reference).These acceptors have mediation and Fc bonded extracellular domain usually, stride born of the same parents' internal area of some signal events in film district and the mediated cell.These acceptors are expressed in the panimmunity cell that comprises monocyte, scavenger cell, neutrophil leucocyte, dendritic cell, eosinophilic granulocyte, mastocyte, thrombocyte, B cell, large granular lymphocyte, Langerhans' cells, natural killer (NK) cell and γ γ T cell.The formation of Fc/Fc γ R mixture is recruited these effector cells in the site of conjugated antigen; usually can cause taking place in the cell signal and send incident and important subsequently immune response, for example release of inflammatory mediator, B cell-stimulating, endocytosis, phagolysis and cytotoxin are attacked.Regulating cytotoxin is the potential mechanism that antibody destroys target cell with the ability of engulfing effector functions.Bonded antibody also causes the reaction of target cell cracked to be called as cytotoxicity (ADCC) (the Raghavan et al. of antibody-dependant cell mediation subsequently on the cell-mediated non-specific cell toxic cell identification target cell of wherein expressing Fc γ Rs, 1996, Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 12:181-220; Ghetie et al., 2000, Annu Rev Immunol18:739-766; Ravetch et al., 2001, Annu Rev Immunol 19:275-290 all is incorporated herein by reference).Bonded antibody causes subsequently that also the phagocytotic reaction of target cell is called as the phagolysis (ADCP) of antibody-dependant cell mediation on the cell-mediated non-specific cell toxic cell identification target cell of wherein expressing Fc γ Rs.Understood people Fc γ Rs, comprise Fc γ RIIa (the pdb code 1H9V that registers on the books, all be incorporated herein by reference) (Sondermann et al., 2001, J Mol Biol 309:737-749, all be incorporated herein by reference) (the pdb code 1FCG that registers on the books, all be incorporated herein by reference) (Maxwellet al., 1999, Nat Struct Biol 6:437-442 all is incorporated herein by reference), Fc γ RIIb (the pdb code 2FCB that registers on the books, all be incorporated herein by reference) (Sondermann et al., 1999, Embo J18:1095-1103 all is incorporated herein by reference) and Fc γ RIIIb (the pdb code 1E4J that registers on the books, all be incorporated herein by reference) (Sondermann et al., 2000, Nature 406:267-273 all is incorporated herein by reference) a large amount of structures of cell foreign lands.All Fc γ Rs are the terminal and hinge same zone before in conjunction with the N-in C γ 2 territories on the Fc of Fig. 1 demonstration.On structure, can characterize this interaction (Sondermann et al. well, 2001, J Mol Biol 309:737-749, all be incorporated herein by reference), understood several structures (pdb code 1E4K that registers on the books of the people Fc of the cell foreign lands that are attached to people Fc γ RIIIb, all be incorporated herein by reference) (Sondermann et al., 2000, Nature 406:267-273, entirely incorporated by reference, all be incorporated herein by reference) (pdb register on the books code 1IIS and 1IIX, all be incorporated herein by reference) (Radaev et al., 2001, J Biol Chem276:16469-16477, all be incorporated herein by reference), and they have structure (pdb register on the books code 1F6A, all be incorporated herein by reference) (Garman et al., 2000 of people IgE Fc/Fc ε RIa mixture, Nature 406:259-266 all is incorporated herein by reference).

Different IgG subclass has different avidity to Fc γ Rs, and IgG1 and IgG3 are usually than IgG2 and IgG4 bind receptor (Jefferis et al., 2002, Immunol Lett 82:57-65 all is incorporated herein by reference) better.All Fc γ Rs can be in conjunction with the same zone on the IgG Fc, but the avidity difference: high-affinity wedding agent Fc γ RI is 10 in conjunction with the Kd of IgG1 ^-8M ^-1, and low-affinity receptor Fc γ RII and Fc γ RIII in conjunction with the time Kd be respectively 10 usually ^-6With 10 ^-596% of the cell foreign lands of Fc γ RIIIa and Fc γ RIIIb are identical; But Fc γ RIIIb does not have intracellular signal to send the territory.And, Fc γ RI, Fc γ RIIa/c and Fc γ RIIIa are the positive regulators that immunocomplex triggers the activation, it is characterized in that having the born of the same parents' internal area that activates motif (ITAM) based on the immunity receptor of tyrosine is arranged, and the immunity receptor that Fc γ RIIb has based on tyrosine suppresses motif (ITIM), so it is an inhibition.Therefore the former is called as activated receptor, and Fc γ RIIb is called as the inhibition acceptor.The expression pattern of this receptor is also inequality on different immunocytes with level.Another complicated level is to exist in people's protein groups lot of F c γ R polymorphism.Relevant especially polymorphism with clinical meaning is V158/F158 Fc γ RIIIa.The avidity that the human IgG1 is attached on the V158 allotype is bigger than the avidity that is attached on the F158 allotype.Proved avidity difference, and this difference of inferring is anti-CD20 antibodies Rituximab (Rituxan , BiogenIdec) the important determinative of effect to the influence of ADCC and/or ADCP.Having the allotypic patient of V158 can more successfully respond to rituximab treatment; But, have a response than the allotypic patient of F158 of low-affinity a little less than (Cartron et al., 2002, Blood99:754-758 all is incorporated herein by reference).Approximately the people of 10-20% is the V158/V158 homozygote, the 45%th, and the V158/F158 heterozygote, the people of 35-45% is F158/F158 homozygote (Lehrnbecher etal., 1999, Blood 94:4220-4232; Cartron et al., 2002, Blood 99:754-758 all is incorporated herein by reference fully).Therefore, the people of 80-90% is weak response person that is to say that they have at least one allelotrope of F158Fc γ RIIIa.

Overlapping on the Fc that Fig. 1 shows but the interfacial effect of complement proteins C1q is played in isolating site.The combination mediation CDC (CDC) of Fc/C1q, mode is identical in conjunction with mediation ADCC with Fc/Fc γ R.C1q and serine protease C1r and C1s form mixture to produce the C1 mixture.C1q can still just be enough to the activating complement cascade reaction in conjunction with two IgGs in conjunction with six antibody.Similar to Fc with the interaction of Fc γ Rs, different IgG subclass have different avidity to C1q, and IgG1 and IgG3 usually can be better in conjunction with Fc γ Rs (Jefferis et al., 2002 than IgG2 and IgG4, Immunol Lett 82:57-65 all is incorporated herein by reference).

In IgG, site (Fig. 1) mediation between Cg2 on the Fc and Cg3 territory and the interaction of newborn acceptor FcRn, wherein in conjunction with allowing endocytosis antibody be recycled to (Raghavan et al., 1996, Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 12:181-220 in the blood flow from endosome; Ghetie et al., 2000, Annu Rev Immunol 18:739-766 all is incorporated herein by reference).This process is with preventing that the kidney that big full-length molecule causes from filtering the favourable antibody serum transformation period that produced for one to three week.Being combined in the antibody transhipment of Fc and FcRn also plays a crucial role.The last site in conjunction with FcRn of Fc also is bacterioprotein A and G bonded site.Usually can use the mode of albumin A or Protein G affinity chromatography antibody purification as during the protein purification with these proteic combining closely.Therefore, the clinical characteristics of last this regional fidelity of reproduction antagonist of Fc and their purifying are all very important.Available rat Fc/FcRn mixture (Burmeister et al., 1994, Nature, 372:379-383; Martin et al., 2001, Mol Cell 7:867-877 all is incorporated herein by reference) and mixture (Deisenhofer, 1981, the Biochemistry 20:2361-2370 of Fc and albumin A and G; Sauer-Eriksson et al., 1995, Structure 3:265-278; Tashiro et al., 1995, Curr Opin Struct Biol5:471-481 all is incorporated herein by reference) structure the mode of seeing clearly Fc and these protein-interactings is provided.The FcRn acceptor also is responsible for IgG is transferred to (Ghetie and Ward, Annu.Rev.Immunol., 2000,18:739-766 in neonatal enteron aisle and the adult enteric epithelium chamber; Yoshida et al., Immunity, 2004,20 (6): 769-783 all is incorporated herein by reference).

To studies show that of rat and people Fc territory, some Fc residues are to very important in conjunction with FcRn.(the residue 237-443 of numbering such as Kabat) has about 64% sequence identity in the Fc district for rat and human sequence.The comparison of rat/people Fc, FcRn heavy chain and FcRn light chain (beta-2-microglobulin) is referring to Fig. 3, and 4 and 5.People Fc/FcRn mixture model (Burmeisteret al., 1994, Nature, 372:379-383 have been made up according to existing rat Fc/FcRn composite structure; Martin et al., 2001, Mol Cell 7:867-877 all is incorporated herein by reference).The more shared residue that combination plays a crucial role to FcRn of rat and human sequence, for example H310 and H435 (Medesan et al., 1997 J.Immunol.158 (5): 221-7; Shields etal., 2001, J.Biol.Chem.276 (9): 6591-6604 all is incorporated herein by reference).But the people has different amino acid with rat protein in a plurality of sites, causes above-mentioned residue to be compared in the human sequence with in the rat sequence, is in different environment, and different characteristics can be arranged.This otherness has limited the ability of characteristic being transferred to another kind of homologue from a kind of homologue.

In mouse Fc γ, the random mutation of site T252, T254 and T256 and phage display select to cause having produced FcRn avidity increases by 3.5 times, serum half-life increases by 1.5 times three mutant T252L/T254S/T256F (Ghetie et al., 1997, Nat.Biotech.15 (7): 637-640 all is incorporated herein by reference).

The crystalline structure of rat Fc/FcRn mixture has been identified FcRn in conjunction with important Fc residue (Burmeister et al.Nature.372:379-383 (1994); Martin et al.Molecular Cell.7:867-877 (2001) all is incorporated herein by reference).Determined that in 1994 resolving power is 6

Original Fc/FcRn composite structure (table 2a, Burmeister et al.Nature.372:379-383 (1994) all is incorporated herein by reference).The more high resolution structures that Marin etc. determined in calendar year 2001 has shown the more detailed view in side chain position (Martin et al.Molecular Cell.7:867-877 (2001) all is incorporated herein by reference).Utilization comprises monomer destroying FcRn bonded mutation T 252G/I253G/T254G/H310E/H433E/H435E and comprises the monomeric monomeric Fc dimer of wild-type Fc and determined to combine the crystalline structure of the rat Fc of rat FcRn.

To studying in conjunction with some important residues of FcRn, the result shows that they have the serum half-life of increase to the mutation research of people Fc γ.Hinton etc. have been mutated into three residues other 19 kinds of common amino acid seriatim in people Fc γ 1.The double mutant of some point mutation of discovery such as Hinton has increased FcRn binding affinity (Hinton et al., 2004, J.Biol.Chem.279 (8): 6213-6216 all is incorporated herein by reference).Two kinds of sudden changes have increased the transformation period in monkey.Shields etc. almost have been mutated into Ala with residue specially, and have studied them to the combination of FcRn and Fc γ R (Shields et al., 2001, J.Biol.Chem., 276 (9): 6591-6604 all is incorporated herein by reference).

Dall ' Acqua etc. utilize phage display to select the Fc sudden change (Dall ' Acqua et al.2002, J.Immunol.169:5171-5180 all is incorporated herein by reference) that increases in conjunction with the avidity of FcRn.The dna sequence dna of selecting mainly is dual and the triple mutant body.Expressed albumen in the reference, and found that some albumen can be than wild-type Fc more closely in conjunction with FcRn by many selected sequence encodings.

Use as the antibody of therapeutical agent and need inject to remove the assigned frequency relevant with the transformation period feature with albumin with the Fc fusion rotein.In the body transformation period than length can allow number of times still less injection or with lower dosed administration, and this obviously is favourable.Though the past has caused some albumen that the binding affinity of FcRn is increased to the sudden change in Fc territory and body in the transformation period prolong, also from these sudden changes, do not identify the best and suddenly change with transformation period in the enhanced body.

A feature in Fc district is that the conservative N that occurs on the N297 that Fig. 1 shows connects glycosylation.Sometimes the 26S Proteasome Structure and Function of mentioning this sugar or oligose antagonist plays a decisive role, and is to utilize mammalian expression system to produce the one of the main reasons of antibody.Uma

A et al., 1999, NatBiotechnol 17:176-180; Davies et al., 2001, Biotechnol Bioeng74:288-294; Mimura et al., 2001, J Biol Chem 276:45539-45547.; Radaev et al., 2001, J BiolChem 276:16478-16483; Shields et al., 2001, J Biol Chem 276:6591-6604; Shields et al., 2002, J Biol Chem 277:26733-26740; Simmons et al., 2002, JImmunol Methods 263:133-147; Radaev et al., 2001, J Biol Chem276:16469-16477 and Krapp et al., 2003, J Mol Biol 325:979-989 all is incorporated herein by reference).

Developed the antibody that is used for the treatment of.The representational publication relevant with this treatment comprises Chamow et al., 1996, and Trends Biotechnol 14:52-60; Ashkenazi et al., 1997, CurrOpin Immunol 9:195-200, Cragg et al., 1999, Curr Opin Immunol 11:541-547; Glennie et al., 2000, Immunol Today 21:403-410, McLaughlin et al., 1998, J ClinOncol 16:2825-2833 and Cobleigh et al., 1999, J Clin Oncol 17:2639-2648 all is incorporated herein by reference.In present anticancer therapy, any little improvement of mortality ratio aspect can both determine success.Some IgG variant disclosed herein has strengthened cancer cells further growth of antibody limit target or destruction, the ability of partial destruction target cancer cells at least.

The antitumor usefulness of antibody is by their mediated cell effects of toxins device function, and for example the enhancing of the ability of ADCC, ADCP and CDC realizes.Enforcement comprises Clynes et al., 1998, and Proc NatlAcad Sci U S A 95:652-656; Clynes et al., 2000, Nat Med 6:443-446 and Cartronet al., 2002, Blood 99:754-758 all is incorporated herein by reference.

The human IgG1 is the antibody that the most often is used for the treatment of purpose, has made up most of processing design studies process in context.The different isotypes of IgG class comprise that IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4 have unique physics, biology and clinical characteristics.IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and the IgG4 variant of improvement need be designed in this area.Further need design to compare with natural IgG polypeptide, to the combination of FcRn be enhanced and/or body in this variant that prolongs of transformation period.The application has satisfied these needs and other needs.

Summary of the invention

The invention discloses the neomorphic generation in Fc territory in conjunction with serum delay prolongation in enhancing and the body to the FcRn acceptor, the Fc territory is included in those Fc territories of finding in antibody, Fc fusions and the immune adherence thing.The present invention is on the other hand, makes FcRn in conjunction with increase when pH6.0 (specifically at low pH, approximately) with respect to wild-type, to promote the Fc/FcRn combination in the endosome.The present invention is on the other hand, and the combination of the variant of design when about pH6 is better than their combinations when about pH7.4, can promote that like this Fc is discharged in the blood after the recirculation in cell once more.

The present invention relates on the other hand, and design is to the Fc variant in conjunction with transformation period shortening in reduction and the body of FcRn.This albumen comprises the sudden change that FcRn avidity is reduced and/or make transformation period shortening in the body, they can be used for multiple treatment and diagnosis, comprise and send and monitor radiotherapy that in described radiotherapy, the transformation period of radio-labeled thing approximates the interior transformation period of body of its protein conjugate in theory greatly.

The present invention relates to change and FcR, for example the Fc γ RI of philtrum, Fc γ RIIa, Fc γ RIIb, Fc γ RIIIa bonded Fc territory on the other hand.These acceptors are responsible for inducing the various effector functions of antibody.Therefore, the present invention relates to the effector functions that changes the Fc territory on the other hand, for example the phagolysis (ADCP) of the cytotoxicity (ADCC) of antibody-dependant cell mediation, CDC (CDC) and antibody-dependant cell mediation.

The present invention relates to a kind of Fc variant on the other hand, and its FcRn is combined with change and Fcg is combined with change, causes transformation period and effector functions in the proteic body that comprises this Fc are all exerted an influence.For example: these variants can have the interior transformation period of body and the improved ADCC of prolongation.For example, described variant can have the transformation period of prolongation and the CDC of reduction.

The present invention provides the proteic recombinant nucleic acid of coding variant Fc, expression vector and host cell on the other hand.

On the other hand, the invention provides the proteic method that comprises the Fc variant that produces, this method is included in to be fit to express cultivates host cell of the present invention under this proteic condition.

The present invention provides the pharmaceutical composition that comprises variant Fc albumen of the present invention and pharmaceutical carriers on the other hand.

The present invention provides treatment disorderly method on the other hand, comprises to patient and uses the albumen that comprises variant Fc of the present invention.

On the other hand, the invention provides the Fc region variants that comprises the parental generation Fc polypeptide of at least one modification in the Fc district of described parental generation polypeptide, wherein compare with the parental generation polypeptide, described misfolded proteins demonstrates change to the combination of FcRn, and wherein said Fc variant comprises at least one and is selected from by 246H, 246S, 247D, 247T, 248H, 248P, 248Q, 248R, 248Y, 249T, 249W, 251D, 251E, 251H, 251I, 251K, 251M, 251N, 251T, 251V, 251Y, 252F, 252L, 253L, 253T, 253V, 254H, 254L, 254N, 254T, 254V, ^254N, 255E, 255F, 255H, 255K, 255S, 255V, 256E, 256H, 256V, 257A, 257C, 257D, 257E, 257F, 257G, 257H, 257I, 257K, 257L, 257M, 257N, 257Q, 257R, 257S, 257T, 257V, 257W, 257Y, 258R, 258V, 279A, 279C, 279D, 279F, 279G, 279H, 279I, 279K, 279L, 279M, 279N, 279P, 279Q, 279R, 279S, 279T, 279W, 279Y, 280E, 280H, ^281A, ^281D, ^281S, ^281T, 282D, 282F, 282H, 282I, 282T, 283F, 283I, 283L, 283Y, 284H, 284K, 284P, 284Q, 284R, 284S, 284Y, 285S, 285V, 286#, 286L, 287H, 287S, 287V, 287Y, 288H, 288Q, 288R, 288S, 305H, 305T, 306F, 306H, 306I, 306N, 306T, 306V, 306Y, 307D, 307V, 307Y, 308A, 308C, 308D, 308E, 308F, 308G, 308H, 308I, 308K, 308L, 308M, 308N, 308P, 308Q, 308R, 308S, 308T, 308W, 308Y, 309F, 309H, 309I, 309N, 309P, 309Q, 309V, 309Y, 310K, 310N, 310T, 311H, 311L, 311S, 311T, 311V, 311W, 312H, 313Y, 315E, 315G, 315H, 315Q, 315S, 315T, 317H, 317S, 339P, 340P, 341S, 374H, 374S, 376H, 376L, 378H, 378N, 380T, 380Y, 382H, 383H, 383K, 383Q, 384E, 384G, 384H, 385A, 385C, 385D, 385E, 385F, 385H, 385I, 385K, 385L, 385M, 385N, 385P, 385Q, 385R, 385S, 385T, 385V, 385W, 385Y, 386E, 386H, 386K, 387#, 387A, 387H, 387K, 387Q, 389E, 389H, 426E, 426H, 426L, 426N, 426R, 426V, 426Y, 427I, 429D, 429F, 429K, 429N, 429Q, 429S, 429T, 429Y, 430D, 430H, 430K, 430L, 430Q, 430Y, 431G, 431H, 431I, 431P, 431S, 432F, 432H, 432N, 432S, 432V, 433E, 433N, 433P, 433R, 433S, 434H, 434Q, 434S, 434Y, 435N, 436E, 436F, 436H, 436L, 436Q, 436V, 436W, 437E, 437V, 438E, the modification of the group that 438H and 438K form.Wherein be numbered with reference to the EU index, ^ is illustrated in the insertion behind the specified location, and # represents the disappearance of specified location.

On the other hand, the invention provides and comprise at least one and be selected from by 246H 246S, 247D, 247T, 248H, 248P, 248Q, 248R, 248Y, 249T, 249W, 251D, 251E, 251H, 251I, 251K, 251M, 251N, 251T, 251V, 251Y, 252L, 253L, 253T, 253V, 254H, 254L, 254N, 254V, ^254N, 255E, 255F, 255H, 255K, 255S, 255V, 256H, 256V, 257A, 257C, 257D, 257E, 257F, 257G, 257H, 257I, 257K, 257L, 257M, 257N, 257Q, 257R, 257S, 257T, 257V, 257W, 257Y, 258R, 258V, 279A, 279C, 279D, 279F, 279G, 279H, 279I, 279K, 279M, 279N, 279P, 279Q, 279R, 279S, 279T, 279W, 279Y, 280H, ^281A, ^281D, ^281S, ^281T, 282D, 282F, 282H, 282I, 282T, 283F, 283I, 283L, 283Y, 284H, 284K, 284P, 284Q, 284R, 284S, 284Y, 285S, 285V, 286#, 286L, 287H, 287S, 287V, 287Y, 288H, 288Q, 288S, 305H, 305T, 306F, 306H, 306I, 306N, 306T, 306V, 306Y, 307D, 307V, 307Y, 308C, 308E, 308F, 308G, 308H, 308I, 308K, 308L, 308M, 308N, 308P, 308Q, 308R, 308S, 308W, 308Y, 309F, 309H, 309N, 309Q, 309V, 309Y, 310K, 310N, 310T, 311L, 311T, 311V, 311W, 312H, 313Y, 315E, 315G, 315H, 315Q, 315S, 315T, 317H, 317S, 339P, 340P, 341S, 374H, 374S, 376H, 376L, 378H, 378N, 380T, 380Y, 382H, 383H, 383K, 383Q, 384E, 384G, 384H, 385A, 385C, 385F, 385H, 385I, 385K, 385L, 385M, 385N, 385P, 385Q, 385S, 385T, 385V, 385W, 385Y, 386E, 386H, 386K, 387#, 387A, 387H, 387K, 387Q, 389E, 389H, 426E, 426H, 426L, 426N, 426R, 426V, 426Y, 427I, 429D, 429F, 429K, 429N, 429Q, 429S, 429T, 429Y, 430D, 430H, 430K, 430L, 430Q, 430Y, 431G, 431H, 431I, 431P, 431S, 432F, 432H, 432N, 432S, 432V, 433E, 433N, 433P, 433S, 434H, 434Q, 434S, 435N, 436E, 436F, 436L, 436V, 436W, 437E, 437V, the Fc variant of the modification of the group that 438H and 438K form.

On the other hand, the invention provides and comprise at least one and be selected from by 246H 246S, 247D, 247T, 248P, 248Q, 248Y, 249T, 249W, 251D, 251E, 251H, 251I, 251T, 251V, 252L, 253L, 253T, 253V, 254H, 254L, 254N, 254V, ^254N, 255E, 255H, 255K, 255V, 256H, 256V, 257A, 257C, 257F, 257G, 257I, 257L, 257M, 257N, 257Q, 257S, 257T, 257V, 257W, 257Y, 258V, 279A, 279C, 279F, 279I, 279P, 279S, 279T, 279W, 279Y, ^281A, ^281D, ^281S, ^281T, 282F, 282I, 282T, 283F, 283I, 283L, 283Y, 284P, 285V, 286#, 286L, 287V, 288Q, 288S, 305T, 306F, 306H, 306I, 306N, 306T, 306V, 306Y, 307V, 308C, 308F, 308G, 308L, 308M, 308N, 308P, 308Q, 308S, 308W, 308Y, 309F, 309N, 309Q, 309V, 309Y, 310T, 311L, 311T, 311V, 311W, 313Y, 315G, 315Q, 315S, 315T, 339P, 340P, 341S, 374H, 374S, 376L, 378H, 378N, 380T, 380Y, 382H, 383Q, 384E, 384G, 384H, 385A, 385C, 385F, 385I, 385L, 385M, 385N, 385P, 385Q, 385S, 385T, 385V, 385W, 385Y, 386E, 386H, 386K, 387#, 387A, 387H, 387K, 387Q, 389H, 426L, 426N, 426V, 426Y, 427I, 429D, 429F, 429K, 429N, 429Q, 429S, 429T, 429Y, 430L, 431G, 431I, 431P, 431S, 432F, 432H, 432V, 433E, 433N, 433P, 433S, 434H, 434Q, 434S, 435N, 436F, 436L, 436V, 436W, the Fc variant of the modification of the group that 437E and 437V form.

The accompanying drawing summary

Fig. 1. antibody structure and function.The model that shows total length human IgG1 antibody, be used to code 1CE1 (the James et al. that registers on the books from pdb, 1999, J Mol Biol 289:293-301, all be incorporated herein by reference) humanization Fab structure and from pdb code 1DN2 (the DeLano et al. that registers on the books, 2000, Science 287:1279-1283 all is incorporated herein by reference) human IgG1 Fc structure construction model.Do not show the flexible hinge that connects Fab and Fc district.IgG1 is a homodimer, has a plurality of by two light chains and two heterodimers that heavy chain is formed.The Ig territory that comprises antibody is labeled, and comprises the VL and the CL of light chain, and the VH Cgammal of heavy chain (C γ 1), Cgamma2 (C γ 2) and Cgamma3 (C γ 3).Mark the Fc district.Mark the combining site of associated protein, comprise the antigen-binding site of variable region, and in the Fc district in conjunction with Fc γ R, FcRn, C1q, and the combining site of albumin A and G.

Fig. 2. carry out the human IgG sequence of the present invention that is used for of EU numbering according to Kabat etc.

Fig. 3. carry out the IgG example series that is used for people of the present invention and rodent of EU numbering according to Kabat etc.

Fig. 4. be used for the example of people of the present invention and rodent FcRn sequence of heavy chain.

Fig. 5. be used for the example of people of the present invention and rodent beta-2-microglobulin sequence.

Fig. 6. from rat structure (Burmeister et al., 1994, Nature, 372:379-383; Martin etal., 2001, Mol Cell 7:867-877 all is incorporated herein by reference) the people Fc/FcRn composite model that produces.Some histidine residues are presented at FcRn chain (light ash) and Fc polypeptide (dark-grey) is gone up in the atom of packing space.

Fig. 7. be used to design the explanation of some notions that comprise the variant that inserts or lack.

Fig. 8. variant of the present invention.

Fig. 9. variant of the present invention.

Figure 10. variant of the present invention.

Figure 11. be used to make up the figure of the carrier pcDNA3.1 Zeo+ of Fc variant.

Figure 12. wild-type Fc and Fc variant of the present invention competition are in conjunction with the data of FcRn.In each picture, Fc variant of the present invention is all used the curve display (red or dark-grey) on the left side, and wild-type trastuzumab (trastuzumab) is all used the curve display (blue or light ash) on the right.

Figure 13 .Fc variant is in conjunction with the summary of FcRn characteristic.Hurdle from right to left shows the modification of FcRn bonded, immunoglobulin (Ig), other modifications of using respectively, passes through AlphaScreen ^TMThe relative FcRn avidity of comparing with wild-type (intermediate value) that competition experiments is measured, the number of implementing mensuration and proteic reference number.FcRn avidity numbering shows in conjunction with having increased with respect to wild-type greater than 1.0 relatively.

Figure 14. Fc variant of the present invention is in conjunction with the data of FcRn.The Fc variant is arranged in alemtuzumab (alemtuzumab) or trastuzumab.Compare with wild-type, demonstrate the bonding force that is multiplied.

Figure 15. to the summary of the surperficial proton resonance experiment of the improved Fc variant of being combined with of FcRn.Bar graph shows that the FcRn binding affinity of each variant is multiplied with respect to wild-type Fc territory.

Figure 16. the surperficial proton resonance experiment of wild-type antibody and variant of the present invention.When trace was presented at pH6.0, Fc variant antibody combining and dissociating with FcRn's.

Figure 17. Fc variant of the present invention is measured the bonded of FcRn.What show is when pH6.0 (a and b) and pH7.0 (c), and what AlphaScreenTM measured is direct in conjunction with measuring.

Figure 18. Fc variant of the present invention is measured the bonded of FcRn.What show is the surperficial proton resonance unit that FcRn that variant Fc is attached to surface bonding produces when going up.

Detailed Description Of The Invention

The invention discloses the neomorphic generation in Fc territory in conjunction with enhancing to the FcRn acceptor, the Fc territory is included in those Fc territories of finding in antibody, Fc fusions and the immune adherence thing. As mentioned above, cause serum more of a specified duration in the body to be detained in conjunction with RcRn.

In order to be detained the increase the when increase of binding affinity must be the pH6 left and right sides, the increase of affinity when not following the pH7.4 left and right sides simultaneously in the body that increases Fc albumen. Although still under study for action, but still think that it is because isolated Fc (Ghetie and Ward with the combination of FcRn during pH6 in endosome that the Fc district has Half-life in vivo more of a specified duration, 1997 Immunol Today.18 (12): 592-598 all is incorporated herein by reference). The endosome chamber is recycled to cell surface with Fc then. In case this chamber is opened to the space between cells, higher pH (～7.4) will cause Fc to discharge in the blood back liquid. In fact Dall ' Acqua etc. have the FcRn adhesion of increase when being presented at pH6 with pH7.4 Fc mutant has the serum-concentration of reduction and the half-life identical with wild type (Dall ' Acqua et al.2002, J.Immunol.169:5171-5180 all is incorporated herein by reference). Fc has stoped Fc to discharge in the blood back liquid to the increase of the affinity of FcRn when thinking pH7.4. Therefore, the FcRn combination in the time of will increasing low pH on the Fc catastrophe theory of increase Fc Half-life in vivo, but still allow to discharge Fc at higher pH. In the scope of pH6.0-7.4, the amino acid histidine can change its state of charge. Therefore, can't make us feeling surprised (Fig. 6) at the significant bits point discovery His of Fc/FcRn compound residue.

The present invention is to make FcRn in conjunction with increase (specifically at low pH, during about pH6.0) with respect to wild type, to promote the Fc/FcRn combination in the endosome on the other hand. The present invention also discloses being combined with of FcRn has been become and to the Fc variant that is combined with change of another kind of Fc acceptor Fc γ R, to the difference combination of Fc γ R, particularly to Fc γ RIIIb in conjunction with increase and to Fc γ RIIb in conjunction with reducing, cause effect to strengthen.

Definition

In order to understand more completely the application, several definition have hereinafter been set forth. This definition has a mind to comprise phraseological coordinate.

" ADCC " used herein or " antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity " refer to a kind of cell-mediated reaction, and in this reaction, the antibody of combination also causes this target cell cracking subsequently on the non-specific cell cytotoxic activity cell recognition target cell of expression Fc γ R.

" ADCP " used herein or " phagocytosis of antibody-dependant cell mediation " refers to a kind of cell-mediated reaction, in this reaction, the antibody of combination also causes engulfing of this target cell subsequently on the non-specific cell cytotoxic activity cell recognition target cell of expression Fc γ R.

Here " amino acid modified " refers to amino acid substitution, insertion and/or the disappearance in the peptide sequence.

Here " amino acid substitution " or " replacement " refer to an amino acid with another amino acid substitution parental generation peptide sequence special site. For example: alternative E272Y refers to variant polypeptide, refers in this case the Fc variant that the glutamic acid in site 272 is replaced by tyrosine.

Here " amino acid insertion " or " insertion " refer to add an amino acid at the special site of parental generation peptide sequence. For example :-233E or ^233E refer to insert glutamic acid after site 233 He before the site 234. In addition ,-233ADE or ^233ADE refer to insert AlaAspGlu after site 233 He before the site 234.

Here " amino acid deletions " or " disappearance " refer to remove an amino acid at the special site of parental generation peptide sequence. For example: E233-or E233# refer to the glutamic acid disappearance in site 233. In addition, EDA233-or EDA233 refer to the disappearance of the sequence GluAspAla of 233 beginnings from the site.

" misfolded proteins " used herein or " protein variant " or " variant " refer to be different from owing at least one is amino acid modified the proteic albumen of parental generation.Protein variant can reference protein itself, comprises this protein composition or its amino sequence of encoding.Compare with parental generation albumen, protein variant preferably have minimum one amino acid modified, for example about one to about ten amino acid modified, preferably compare with parental generation about one to about five amino acid modified.The protein variant sequence preference here has the homology with parental generation protein sequence about at least 80%, most preferably about at least 90% homology, more preferably about at least 95% homology.Protein variant can be with reference to misfolded proteins itself, comprises the composition of this protein variant or its aminoacid sequence of encoding.Therefore, " antibody variants " used herein or " variant antibody " or " variant " refer to be different from owing at least one is amino acid modified the antibody of parental generation antibody." IgG variant " used herein or " variant IgG " refer to be different from owing at least one is amino acid modified the antibody of parental generation IgG, and " immunoglobulin variants " used herein or " variant immunoglobulin (Ig) " or " variant " refer to be different from owing at least one is amino acid modified the immunoglobulin sequences of parental generation immunoglobulin sequences.Variant can comprise alpha-non-natural amino acid.Example comprises US6586207; WO 98/48032; WO 03/073238; US2004-0214988A1; WO 05/35727A2; WO 05/74524A2; J.W.Chin et al., (2002), Journal of the American Chemical Society 124:9026-9027; J.W.Chin ， ﹠amp; P.G.Schultz, (2002), ChemBioChem 11:1135-1137; J.W Chin, et al., (2002), PICAS United States of America 99:11020-11024; And, L Wang ， ﹠amp; P.G.Schultz, (2002), Chem.1-10 all is incorporated herein by reference

" albumen " used herein refers at least two covalently bound amino acid, comprises albumen, polypeptide, oligopeptides and peptide.Peptidyl can comprise the amino acid and the peptide bond of natural generation, or synthetic peptide model configuration, i.e. " analogue ", for example class peptide (referring to Simon et al., PNAS USA 89 (20): 9367 (1992), all be incorporated herein by reference).As this area understand, amino acid can be the amino acid that natural generation or non-natural take place.For example: homotype phenylalanine, citrulline and noreleucie are considered to can be used for the amino acid of the object of the invention, and the amino acid of D and L (R or S) configuration can be used.Variant of the present invention can comprise and comprise utilization, and for example Schultz and its colleague's technology includes but not limited to Cropp ﹠amp; Shultz, 2004, Trends Genet.20 (12): 625-30, Anderson et al., 2004, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101 (2): 7566-71, Zhang et al., 2003,303 (5656): 371-3 and Chin et al., 2003, Science 301 (5635): the modification of the alpha-non-natural amino acid that the method that 964-7 describes is integrated.In addition, polypeptide can comprise one or more side chains or terminal synthetic derivatization, glycosylation, PEGization, circular permutation, cyclisation, be connected, is fused to albumen or albumen territory and interpolation peptide tag or mark with other molecules.

Position in " residue " used herein finger protein, and its amino acid identity of following.For example: l-asparagine 297 (be also referred to as Asn297, be also referred to as N297) is the residue in people's IgG antibody 1.

" Fab " used herein or " Fab district " refers to comprise the polypeptide of VH, CH1, VL and CL immunoglobulin domain.Fab can refer to these districts of separate stage, or is in these districts in full length antibody or the antibody fragment context.

" modification of IgG subclass " used herein refers to convert an amino acid in a kind of IgG isotype in the paired different I gG isotype corresponding amino acid whose amino acid modified.For example: because IgG1 comprises tyrosine in EU site 296, and IgG2 comprises phenylalanine, so the replacement of the F296Y among the IgG2 is considered to the modification of IgG subclass.

" modification that non-natural takes place " used herein refers to not be isostructural amino acid modified.For example: because there is not IgGs 332 to comprise L-glutamic acid in the site, therefore the I332E in IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 or IgG4 replaces and is considered to the modification that non-natural takes place.

" amino acid " used herein and " aminoacids characteristic " refer to 20 natural amino acids or appear in any non-natural analogue in concrete appointment site one.

" effector functions " used herein refers to the biological chemistry incident that the interaction by antibody Fc district and Fc acceptor or part causes.Effector functions includes, but are not limited to ADCC, ADCP and CDC.

The immune system cell that " effector cell " used herein refers to express one or more Fc acceptors and mediate one or more effector functions.The effector cell comprises, but be not limited to monocyte, scavenger cell, neutrophil leucocyte, dendritic cell, eosinophilic granulocyte, mastocyte, thrombocyte, B cell, large granular lymphocyte, Langerhans' cells, natural killer (NK) cell and gamma delta T cells, and they can derive from any organism that includes but not limited to people, small white mouse, rat, rabbit and monkey.

" IgG Fc part " used herein refers in conjunction with the Fc district of IgG antibody to form the molecule from any organism of Fc/Fc ligand complex, preferred polypeptide.The Fc part includes, but are not limited to Fc γ Rs, Fc γ Rs, Fc γ Rs, FcRn, C1q, C3, mannan-binding lectin, mannose receptor, SP, streptococcus protein G and viral Fc γ R.The Fc part also comprise be the Fc receptor family with Fc γ Rs homologous Fc acceptor homologue (FcRH) (Davis et al., 2002, ImmunologicalReviews 190:123-136 all is incorporated herein by reference).The Fc part can comprise undiscovered molecule in conjunction with Fc.Concrete IgG Fc part has FcRn and Fc γ acceptor." Fc part " used herein refers to that binding antibody Fc district is to form the molecule from any organism of Fc/Fc ligand complex, preferred polypeptide.

" Fc γ acceptor " used herein or " Fc γ R " refer to any member by the protein family of Fc γ R genes encoding in conjunction with IgG antibody Fc district.In the mankind, these protein families are including, but not limited to comprising the Fc γ RI (CD64) of hypotype Fc γ RIa, Fc γ RIb and Fc γ RIc; The Fc γ RII (CD32) that comprises hypotype Fc γ RIIa (comprising allotype H131 and R131), Fc γ RIIb (comprising Fc γ RIIb-1 and Fc γ RIIb-2) and Fc γ RIIc; With comprise hypotype Fc γ RIIIa (comprising allotype V158 and F158) and Fc γ RIIIb Fc γ RIII (CD16) (the Jefferis et al. of (comprising allotype Fc γ RIIIb-NA1 and Fc γ RIIIb-NA2), 2002, Immunol Lett 82:57-65, all be incorporated herein by reference), and undiscovered people Fc γ Rs or Fc γ R hypotype or allotype.Fc γ R can derive from any organism that includes but not limited to people, small white mouse, rat, rabbit and monkey.Small white mouse Fc γ Rs is including, but not limited to Fc γ RI (CD64), Fc γ RII (CD32), Fc γ RIII (CD16) and Fc γ RIII-2 (CD16-2), and any undiscovered small white mouse Fc γ Rs or Fc γ R hypotype or allotype.

" FcRn " used herein or " newborn Fc acceptor " refer in conjunction with IgG antibody Fc district to the albumen of small part by the FcRn genes encoding.FcRn can derive from any organism that includes but not limited to people, small white mouse, rat, rabbit and monkey.Functional FcRn albumen comprises two polypeptide that often are called as heavy chain and light chain, and light chain is a beta-2-microglobulin, and heavy chain is by the FcRn genes encoding.Unless write down other modes here, otherwise FcRn or FcRn albumen refer to the mixture of FcRn heavy chain and beta-2-microglobulin.The FcRn sequence that acquires a special sense, particularly human sequence shows in the accompanying drawings.

" parental generation polypeptide " used herein refer to subsequently by modify with produce variant without modified polypeptides.The parental generation polypeptide can be natural generation polypeptide, or natural generation variant polypeptides or the form through processing.The parental generation polypeptide can reference polypeptide itself, comprises the composition of this parental generation polypeptide or its aminoacid sequence of encoding.Therefore, " parental generation immunoglobulin (Ig) " used herein refers to be modified to produce the not modified immunoglobulin polypeptides of variant, and " parental generation antibody " used herein refers to be modified to produce the not modified antibody of variant antibody.Should notice that " parental generation antibody " comprises the antibody of the known commercially available recombinant production of hereinafter listing.

Position in " site " used herein finger protein sequence.Can loci carry out serial number, perhaps can be according to fixed form, for example the EU index of Kabat etc. is numbered.For example: site 297 is the sites in people's IgG antibody 1.

" target antigen " used herein refers to the molecule of the variable region specific combination of given antibody.Target antigen can be albumen, sugar, lipid or other compounds.

" target cell " used herein refers to express the cell of target antigen.

" variable region " used herein refers to comprise one or more basically by the immunoglobulin (Ig) zone in the Ig territory of any coding in V κ, V λ and/or the VH gene, and wherein V κ, V λ and/or VH gene are formed κ, λ and immunoglobulin heavy chain gene site respectively.

Here " wild-type or WT " refers to aminoacid sequence that comprises allelic variation or the nucleotide sequence in the occurring in nature discovery.WT albumen has aminoacid sequence or the nucleotide sequence of deliberately not modified.

The present invention relates to the antibody that the combination to FcRn is conditioned (adjusting comprise increase and reduce in conjunction with).For example: in some cases, the combination of increase can cause cell recirculation antibody, and prolongs thus, for example treats the transformation period of antibody.Sometimes, reduce FcRn, for example as comprising radiolabeled diagnosis antibody or treatment antibody in conjunction with being desirable.In addition, the combination of FcRn is demonstrated increase, simultaneously to other Fc acceptors, for example Fc γ Rs's can be used for the present invention in conjunction with reformed antibody.Therefore, the invention provides antibody.

Antibody

The application relates to and comprises the amino acid modified antibody of adjusting to the bonding force of FcRn.What acquire a special sense is when lower pH, the binding affinity of FcRn is demonstrated increase, and when higher pH, comprise antibody or its functional variant in Fc district in conjunction with the minimally that does not demonstrate change basically.

Traditional antibody structure unit comprises the tetramer usually.Each tetramer usually by two identical polypeptide chains to forming, every pair has one " gently " chain (molecular weight that has about 25kDa usually) and one " weight " chain (molecular weight that has about 50-70kDa usually).People's light chain is divided into κ and lambda light chain.Heavy chain is divided into μ, Δ, γ, α or ε, and the antibody isotype of qualification is respectively IgM, IgD, IgG, IgA and IgE.IgG has several subclass, includes but not limited to IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4.IgM also has subclass, includes but not limited to IgM1 and IgM2.Therefore, " isotype " used herein refers to by the chemistry of the constant region of immunoglobulin (Ig) and any immunoglobulin subclass that antigenic characteristic limits.Known human normal immunoglobulin isotype has IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA1, IgA2, IgM1, IgM2, IgD and IgE.

The N-terminal of every chain partly comprise main be responsible for antigen recognition have about 100 to 110 or the variable region of amino acids more.In the variable region, three rings in the heavy chain V territory and three rings in the light chain V territory flock together and form the antigen haptophore.Each ring is called as complementary determining region (being designated hereinafter simply as " CDR "), and aminoacid sequence changes the most remarkable in the complementary determining region.

The C-terminal of every chain defines the main constant region of being responsible for effector functions.Kabat etc. have collected many primary sequences of heavy chain and variable region of light chain.They are based on the conservative degree of sequence, each primary sequence is divided into CDR and framework, and the tabulation of having made them is (referring to SEQUENCES OFIMMUNOLOGICAL INTEREST, 5th edition, NIH publication, No.91-3242, E.A.Kabat et al. all is incorporated herein by reference).

Several immunoglobulin domains are arranged in the heavy chain of immunoglobulin IgG subclass.Here the immunoglobulin (Ig) zone that " immunoglobulin (Ig) (Ig) territory " refers to have unique tertiary structure.Significant in the present invention have a heavy chain territory, comprises constant (CH) territory of heavy chain and hinge territory.In IgG antibody background, each IgG isotype has three CH districts.Therefore, " CH " territory in the IgG background shows below: " CH1 " refers to the site 118-220 that the EU index according to Kabat is numbered." CH2 " refers to the site 237-340 that the EU index according to Kabat is numbered, and " CH3 " refers to the site 341-447 that the EU index according to Kabat is numbered.

Another kind of heavy chain Ig territory is a hinge region.Here " hinge " or " hinge region " or " antibody hinge region " or " immunoglobulin (Ig) hinge region " refer to comprise amino acid whose flexible polypeptide between first and second constant domains of antibody.Structurally, IgG CH1 territory ends at EU site 220, and IgG CH2 territory originates in the residue in EU site 237.Therefore, concerning IgG, the antibody hinge of Xian Dinging comprises site 221 (D221 among the IgG1) to 236 (G236 among the IgG1) here, and wherein the EU index according to Kabat etc. is numbered.In certain embodiments, for example in Fc district background, can comprise less hinge, " less hinge " general reference site 226 or 230.

What Special Significance was arranged in the present invention is the Fc district." Fc " used herein or " Fc district " refers to comprise the eliminating first constant region immunoglobulin domain, goes back the polypeptide of the antibody constant region of exclusive segment hinge sometimes.Therefore, Fc refers to latter two constant region immunoglobulin (Ig) functional domain, last three constant region immunoglobulin (Ig) functional domains of IgE and IgM and the flexible hinge of these territories N-end of IgA, IgD and IgG.Concerning IgA and IgM, Fc can comprise the J chain.Concerning IgG, Fc comprises immunoglobulin (Ig) functional domain C γ 2 and C γ 3 (C γ 2 and C γ 3), and lower hinge region between C γ 1 (C γ 1) and the C γ 2 (C γ 2), and this point as shown in Figure 1.Though the line of delimitation in Fc district can change, limit human IgG heavy chain Fc district usually and comprise residue C226 or P230 to C-terminal, wherein the EU index according to Kabat is numbered.As described below, Fc can refer to these districts of separate stage, or is in these districts in the Fc polypeptide context." Fc polypeptide " used herein refers to comprise the polypeptide in all or part of Fc district.The Fc polypeptide comprises antibody, Fc fusions, isolating Fcs and Fc fragment.

In certain embodiments, antibody is total length.Here " full length antibody " refers to form the structure that comprises a kind of or a plurality of modifications of listing comprising of variable region and constant region here of antibody natural biological type.

Perhaps, antibody can have multiple structure, include but not limited to antibody fragment, monoclonal antibody, bispecific antibody, miniantibody (minibodies), domain antibodies, synthetic antibody (being sometimes referred to as " antibody analog " here), chimeric antibody, humanized antibody, antibody fusions (being sometimes referred to as " antibody coupling matter "), and the fragment of each.

Antibody fragment

In one embodiment, antibody is antibody fragment.What cherish a special interest is to comprise heavy chain Fc district, Fc fusions and constant region (antibody of CH1-hinge-CH2-CH3) also can comprise the CH fusions.

The specific antibody fragment includes, but are not limited to Fab fragment that (i) be made up of VL, VH, CL and CH1 territory, is (ii) formed the Fd fragment, (iii) formed the Fv fragment by the VL and the VH territory of single antibody by VH and CH1 territory; The (iv) dAb fragment of forming by single variable region (Ward et al., 1989, Nature341:544-546, all be incorporated herein by reference), (v) isolating CDR district, (the segmental divalence fragment of Fab F (ab ') 2 fragments (the vii) strand Fv molecule (scfv) that vi) comprises two connections, wherein connect VH territory and VL territory (Bird et al. by the peptide linker that allows two territories to unite to form antigen-binding site, 1988, Science 242:423-426, Huston et al., 1988, Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.85:5879-5883, all be incorporated herein by reference) (viii) (WO 03/11161 for bispecific single chain Fv, be incorporated herein by reference) and " binary " or " trisome " that (ix) make up by gene fusion, multivalence or polyspecific fragment (Tomlinson et.al., 2000, Methods Enzymol.326:461-479; WO94/13804; Holliger et al., 1993, Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.90:6444-6448 all is incorporated herein by reference).Can the modified antibodies fragment.For example: can stablize this molecule (Reiter et al., 1996, Nature Biotech.14:1239-1245 all is incorporated herein by reference) by the disulfide linkage that integrate to connect VH and VL territory.

Chimeric antibody and humanized antibody

In certain embodiments, the support composition can be the mixture from different plant species.At this moment, if described antibody is a kind of antibody, so this antibody can be chimeric antibody and/or humanized antibody.Generally speaking, " chimeric antibody " and " humanized antibody " all refers to make up the antibody from the functional zone of a plurality of species.For example: traditional " chimeric antibody " comprises from the variable region of small white mouse (perhaps being rat sometimes) with from people's constant region.The framework region of " humanized antibody " general reference variable region is replaced by the non-human antibody of the sequence of finding in people's antibody.Usually, in humanized antibody, the whole antibody except that CDRs are by the polynucleotide encoding in people source, perhaps are equal to the antibody that this people originates except that CDRs.Be transplanted to by the some or all of CDRs of the nucleic acid encoding that originates from non-human being's body in the β-lamella skeleton of people's antibody variable region to produce antibody, wherein specificity is by the CDRs decision that moves into.The WO 92/11018 that all is incorporated herein by reference, Jones, 1986, Nature 321:522-525, Verhoeyen et al., 1988, the process for preparing this antibody has been described among the Science 239:1534-1536.Often need (US 5530101 with the avidity lost in the transplanted construction of initial stages of restoration for corresponding donor residue with the acceptor framework residue " reverse mutation " selected; US 5585089; US 5693761; US 5693762; US 6180370; US 5859205; US 5821337; US 6054297; US 6407213, all are incorporated herein by reference).Best humanized antibody also will comprise at least a portion of constant region for immunoglobulin, and normally therefore at least a portion of human normal immunoglobulin will comprise people Fc district usually.Can also utilize immunity system to be produced humanized antibody by the small white mouse of genetic manipulation.Roque et al., 2004, Biotechnol.Prog.20:639-654 all is incorporated herein by reference.Humanization and transformation non-human antibody's multiple technologies and method are well known in this area (referring to See Tsurushita ﹠amp; Vasquez, 2004, Humanization of Monoclonal Antibodies, Molecular Biology of B Cells, 533-545, Elsevier Science (USA) and the reference of wherein quoting all are incorporated herein by reference).The humanization method includes but not limited to the Jones et al. that all is incorporated herein by reference, 1986, and Nature 321:522-525; Riechmann et al., 1988; Nature 332:323-329; Verhoeyen etal., 1988, Science, 239:1534-1536; Queen et al., 1989, Proc Natl Acad Sci, USA86:10029-33; He et al., 1998, J.Immunol.160:1029-1035; Carter et al., 1992, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:4285-9, Presta et al., 1997, CancerRes.57 (20): 4593-9; Gorman et al., 1991, Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA88:4181-4185; O ' Connor et al., 1998, the method for describing among the Protein Eng 11:321-8.The immunogenic humanization or the additive method that reduce the non-human antibody variable region comprise method of surface reconstruction, for example, the Roguska et al. that is incorporated herein by reference, 1994, this method has been described among the Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA91:969-973.In one embodiment, parental generation antibody is by the affinity maturation, and this point this area is known.Method based on structure can be used for humanization and affinity maturation, and USSN11/004 for example is described this in 590.Can be used for humanization and/or the ripe antibody variable region of affinity based on the method for selecting, include but not limited to the Wu et al. that all is incorporated herein by reference, 1999, J.Mol.Biol.294:151-162; Baca et al., 1997, J.Biol.Chem.272 (16): 10678-10684; Rosok et al., 1996, J.Biol.Chem.271 (37): 22611-22618; Rader et al., 1998, Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 95:8910-8915; Krauss et al., 2003, Protein Engineering 16 (10): the method for describing among the 753-759.Other humanization methods relate to only grafting portion C DRs, include but not limited to all be incorporated herein by reference USSN 09/810,510; Tan etal., 2002, J.Immunol.169:1119-1125; De Pascalis et al., 2002, the method for describing among the J.Immunol.169:3076-3084.

Bi-specific antibody

In one embodiment, antibody of the present invention is multi-specificity antibody, and particularly bi-specific antibody is also referred to as " binary " sometimes.Two kinds of (or more kinds of) different antigens of these antibodies.Can utilize multiple mode known in the art to make binary (Holliger and Winter, 1993, CurrentOpinion Biotechnol.4:446-449 is incorporated herein by reference fully), for example, can prepare with the chemical process preparation or from the hybrid hybridoma.

Miniantibody (Minibodies)

In one embodiment, antibody is miniantibody (minibody).Miniantibody (minibody) be comprise the scFv that links to each other with the CH3 territory minimize antibody sample albumen.Hu et al., 1996, Cancer Res.56:3055-3061 all is incorporated herein by reference.In some cases, scFv can be connected with the Fc district, can also comprise part or all of hinge region.

People's antibody

In one embodiment, antibody is the antibody of people completely with at least one modification of listing here." people's antibody completely " refers to have the gene order of the antibody that derives from human chromosome and has people's antibody of the modification of listing here.

Antibody fusions

In one embodiment, antibody of the present invention is antibody fusion protein (being called " antibody coupling matter " sometimes here).One type of the antibody fusion comprises the Fc fusions that the Fc district is connected with the coupling mating partner." Fc fusions " used herein refers to the albumen that one or more polypeptide wherein functionally are connected with the Fc district.The Fc fusions here with prior art in the term " immune conglutinin ", " Ig fusions ", " Ig mosaic " and " acceptor sphaeroprotein " (being with dash sometimes) synonym (Chamow et al., 1996, the TrendsBiotechnol 14:52-60 that use; Ashkenazi et al., 1997, Curr Opin Immunol 9:195-200 all is incorporated herein by reference).The Fc fusions is connected the Fc district of immunoglobulin (Ig) with normally any albumen or micromolecular fusion partner.In fact any albumen or small molecules can be connected to Fc and go up to produce the Fc fusions.The albumen fusion partner includes, but are not limited to other albumen or albumen territory of the target land, adhesion molecule, part, enzyme, cytokine, chemokine of variable region, the acceptor of any antibody or some.The small molecules fusion partner can comprise any therapeutical agent that instructs the Fc fusions to arrive the treatment target.This target can be any molecule, preferably the outer acceptor of the born of the same parents of involved in diseases.Therefore, this IgG variant can be connected on one or more fusion partners.In an alternate embodiments, the IgG variant is connected or functionally is connected on the another kind of treatment compound.The treatment compound can be cytotoxic activity preparation, chemotherapeutics, toxin, radio isotope, cytokine, or the other treatment promoting agent.IgG can with multiple non-protein polymer in a kind of, for example polyoxyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyoxyalkylene, or the multipolymer of polyoxyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol is connected.

Except that the Fc fusions, antibody fusions comprises the fusion (variable region that comprises any antibody in addition again) of CH and one or more fusion partners, and the fusion that other antibody fusions are basic full length antibody or complete full length antibody and fusion partner.In one embodiment, the effect of fusion partner is the combination of mediation target, so it is similar to antibody variable region (and in fact can be exactly antibody variable region) on function.In fact any albumen or small molecules can be connected to Fc and go up generation Fc fusions (or antibody fusions).The albumen fusion partner includes, but are not limited to other albumen or albumen territory of the target land, adhesion molecule, part, enzyme, cytokine, chemokine of acceptor or some.The small molecules fusion partner can comprise any therapeutical agent that instructs the Fc fusions to arrive the treatment target position.This target can be any molecule, the outer acceptor of preferably relevant with disease born of the same parents.

The coupling mating partner can be albuminous or non-albuminous; The latter normally utilizes the functional group on antibody and the coupling mating partner to produce.For example, linker is known in this area, for example: with or isodigeranyl function joining thing be well-known (referring to, 1994 Pierce Chemical Companycatalog, technical section on cross-linkers, pages 155-200 here is incorporated herein by reference).

Suitable conjugate includes, but are not limited to mark as described below, medicine and cytotoxic activity preparation, and its Chinese traditional medicine and cytotoxic activity preparation include but not limited to cytotoxic drug (for example chemotherapeutics), the active fragments of toxin or this toxin.Suitable toxin and their homologous segment comprise diphtheria toxin A chain, exotoxin A chain, ricin A chain, abrin A chain, curcin, crotin, phenomycin, enomycin or the like.The cytotoxic activity preparation also comprises by being connected to radio isotope on the antibody or allowing radionuclide in conjunction with being covalently attached to the radiochemicals for preparing on the sequestrant of antibody.Additional embodiments has been utilized calicheamycin (calicheamicin), auristatins, geldanamycin (geldanamycin), maytenin (maytansine), and duocarmycins and analogue; The latter is referring to the U.S. 2003/0050331A1 that all is incorporated herein by reference at this.

The covalent modification of antibody

The covalent modification of antibody comprises within the scope of the invention, and carries out after translation usually, but such was the case with.For example, by the reaction of the special amino-acid residue of antibody and organic derivating agent the antibody covalent modification of several types can be introduced in this molecule, wherein organic derivating agent can with the side chain of selecting or N or the reaction of C-terminal residue.

Cysteinyl residue and α-halogen acetic acid (with corresponding amine), for example the reaction of Mono Chloro Acetic Acid or chlor(o)acetamide produces carboxymethyl or the carboxamide methyl-derivatives is modal.Also can by with bromine trifluoroacetone (bromotrifluoroacetone), α-bromo-β-(5-imidazolyl (imidozoyl)) propionic acid, chloracetyl phosphoric acid salt, N-alkyl maleimide, 3-nitro-2-pyridine disulphide, methyl 2-pyridine disulphide, p-parachloromercuribenzoate, 2-chloromercuri-4-nitrophenols or chloro-7-oil of mirbane-2-oxa--1,3-diazole or the like reaction derivatize cysteinyl residue.

By when the pH5.5-7.0 and the diethylpyrocarbonate reaction can derivation histidyl-residue because this in this case preparation can be relatively specifically at the histidyl-side chain.The P-bromophenacyl bromide thing also is useful; Preferably when pH6.0, in the 0.1M sodium dimethylarsonate, implement this reaction.

Lysyl (Lysinyl) and n terminal residue and succinyl oxide or the reaction of other carboxylic acid anhydride.The derivatization of these preparations has the effect that reverses bad ammonia residue electric charge.Other the suitable reagent of the residue that comprises α amino of deriving comprise imido-ester, for example methyl picoline imido-ester (methylpicolinimidate); Pyridoxal phosphate; Pyridoxal; Hydroboration chlorine (chloroborohydride); Trinitro-benzene-sulfonic acid; The different urea of O-methyl; 2,4-diacetylmethane and and reaction oxoethanoic acid catalytic by transaminase.

By with phenylglyoxal, 2,3-dimethyl diketone (butanedione), 1, the conventional reagent react of one or more in 2-cyclohexanedione and the triketohydrindene hydrate can be modified the arginyl residue.Because the pKa height of guanidine functional group, so the derivatization of arginine residues requires to implement reaction under alkaline condition.And, these reagent can with Methionin group, and the amino reaction of arginine ε.

By carrying out special modification to the tyrosyl residue, realize introducing the specific purposes of spectrum mark in the tyrosyl residue with the reaction of aromatic diazo compound or tetranitromethane.Form O-acetyl tyrosyl kind respectively and the 3-nitro-derivative is modal with N-acetylimidizole and tetranitromethane.The labelled protein that can utilize 125I or 131I iodate tyrosyl residue to use for radioimmunoassay with preparation, aforesaid chloramine-t method is an appropriate means.

By modifying carboxyl side group (aspartyl or glutamy) selectively with carbodiimide (R '-N=C=N--R ') reaction; wherein R optionally is different alkyl with R '; 1-cyclohexyl-3-(2-morpholinyl-4-ethyl) carbodiimide or 1-ethyl-3-(4-nitrogen-4,4-diformazan penta (dimethylpentyl)) carbodiimide for example.And, by reacting, aspartyl and glutamy residue can be converted into asparaginyl and glutaminyl residue with ammonium ion.

Can be used for antibody linked on water-fast supported matrix or surface with the derivatization of bifunctional reagent, wherein said matrix or surface also are used for the several different methods except that method as described below.Normally used linking agent comprises, for example, 1,1-two (diazonium acetyl)-2-phenylethane, glutaraldehyde, N-hydroxy-succinamide ester, for example: have the ester of 4-azidosalicylic acid, same (base) difunctional imido-ester, comprise two succinyl-esters (disuccinimidyl esters), for example 3,3 '-dithiobis (succinyl-propionic salt), difunctional maleimide, for example dinitrogen maleimide-1,8 octane.Derivative reagent, for example methyl-3-(p-phenylazide) dithio] propioimidate can produce and exist the light time can form crosslinked photosensitization intermediate.Perhaps, the United States Patent(USP) Nos. 3,969,287 that all is incorporated herein by reference; 3,691,016; 4,195,128; 4,247,642; The water-fast reactive matrix of describing in 4,229,537 and 4,330,440, for example cyanogen bromide activated sugar and reactive substrate can be used for proteopexy.

Glutaminyl and asparagyl residue are often become corresponding glutamy and aspartoyl residue respectively by deamidate.Perhaps, under the acidic conditions of gentleness, can make these residue deamidates.In two kinds of forms of these residues any all within the scope of the invention.

Other modifications comprise the (T.E.Creighton that methylates of phosphorylation, Methionin, arginine and Histidine side chain α amino of hydroxyl of hydroxylation, seryl or the threonyl residue of proline(Pro) and Methionin; Proteins:Structure and Molecular Properties; W.H.Freeman Co.; San Francisco; pp.79-86[1983], all be incorporated herein by reference), the acetylize of N-terminal amine and the amidation of any C-terminal carboxyl.

Glycosylation

Another kind of covalent modification is glycosylation.In another embodiment, can modify IgG variant disclosed herein to comprise the sugared shape of one or more processing." the sugared shape of processing " used herein refers to be covalently attached to the sugar composition of IgG, and wherein said sugar composition chemically is different from the sugar of parental generation IgG.The sugared shape of processing can be used for multiple purpose, includes but not limited to strengthen or reduce effector functions.Can produce the sugared shape (Uma of processing by several different methods known in the art

A et al., 1999, NatBiotechnol 17:176-180; Davies et al., 2001, Biotechnol Bioeng 74:288-294; Shields et al., 2002, J Biol Chem 277:26733-26740; Shinkawa et al., 2003, J BiolChem 278:3466-3473; US 6,602, and 684; USSN 10/277,370; USSN 10/113,929; PCT WO 00/61739A1; PCT WO 01/29246A1; PCT WO 02/31140A1; PCT WO02/30954A1 all is incorporated herein by reference; (PotelligentTM technology [Biowa, Inc., Princeton, NJ]; GlycoMAb  glycosylation engineering [Glycart Biotechnology AG, Z ü rich, Switzerland]).Many levels that all are covalently attached to the oligosaccharides of the fucosylated oligosaccharides in Fc district and/or five equilibrium in these technology based on control, for example can by in various organisms or clone, express IgG, processing or additive method (for example Lec-13 Chinese hamster ovary celI or big murine hybridoma YB2/0 cell), by regulating the enzyme that participates in the glycosylation path (FUT8[1 for example, 6-fucosyltransferase] and/or β 1-4-N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase III[GnTIII]) or controlling by after expressing IgG, modifying sugar.The sugared shape of processing is often referred to different carbohydrate or oligosaccharides, so the IgG variant, and for example antibody or Fc fusions can comprise the sugared shape of processing.Perhaps, the sugared shape of processing can refer to comprise the IgG variant of different carbohydrate or oligosaccharides.Glycosylation pattern had both depended on protein sequence (for example exist or lack following concrete glycosylation amino-acid residue), depended on again to produce proteic host cell or organism, and this point this area is known.The system of embodying hereinafter has been discussed.

The glycosylation of polypeptide normally N-connects or the O-connection.N-connects and refers to that carbohydrate moiety is attached on the side chain of asparagine residue.Tripeptide sequence l-asparagine-X-Serine and l-asparagine-X-Threonine is that the enzyme catalysis carbohydrate moiety is attached to the recognition sequence on the l-asparagine side chain, and wherein X is any amino acid except that proline(Pro).Therefore, any one in these tripeptide sequences of existence just can produce the potential glycosylation site in the polypeptide.O-connects glycosylation and refers to that one in sugared N-acetylgalactosamine, semi-lactosi or the wood sugar is attached on the hydroxyamino acid, though can use 5-oxyproline or 5-oxylysine, great majority are attached on Serine or the Threonine usually.

Make it comprise one or more above-mentioned tripeptide sequences (being suitable for the glycosylation site that N-connects) by changing aminoacid sequence, can add glycosylation site easily to antibody.Also can be by adding or replacing one or more Serines or threonine residues implements to change (be suitable for O-and connect glycosylation site) to homing sequence.In brief, preferably change the aminoacid sequence of antibody by the variation of dna level, the preliminary election base of the DNA of the target polypeptide of particularly encoding by suddenling change will be translated into the amino acid whose codon of purpose with generation and change.

Another mode that increases the number of carbohydrate part on antibody be by chemical coupling or enzyme catalysis coupling glucosides to albumen.These processes are favourable, because they need not be connected with O-in the host cell of glycosylation ability and produce albumen having N-.Sugar can be attached to (a) arginine and Histidine, (b) free carboxyl group, (c) free sulfhedryl, for example those sulfhedryls of halfcystine, (d) free hydroxyl, for example those hydroxyls in Serine, Threonine or the oxyproline, (e) aromatic residue, for example those residues in phenylalanine, tyrosine or the tryptophane or (f) amide group of glutamine, concrete adhering mode depends on the coupling manner of use.WO 87/05330 that all is incorporated herein by reference and Aplin and Wriston, 1981, CRC Crit.Rev.Biochem. has described these methods among the pp.259-306.

Can finish the process of removing the carbohydrate part that is present on the initial antibody with chemical process or enzyme method.The chemistry de-glycosylation need be exposed to albumen compound trifluoromethanesulfonic acid or equalization compound.This processing can cause the most of or whole sugar except that connecting sugar (N-acetyl-glucosamine or N-acetylgalactosamine) to be cut remaining intact polypeptide.The Hakimuddin et al. that all is incorporated herein by reference, 1987, Arch.Biochem.Biophys.259:52 and by Edge et al., 1981, chemical de-glycosylation has been described among the Anal.Biochem.118:131.By utilizing the Thotakura et al. that all is incorporated herein by reference, 1987, Meth.Enzymol.138:350 describes multiple in-and outer Glycosylase can realize cutting sugar moieties from polypeptide with enzyme.By utilizing the Duskin et al. that all is incorporated herein by reference, 1982, the compound tunicamycin that J.Biol.Chem.257:3105 describes can prevent potential glycosylation site generation glycosylation.Tunicamycin blocks protein-N-glucosides is connected to form.

The another kind of covalent modification of antibody comprises according to, 2005-2006 PEG Catalog from Nektar Therapeutics (can obtain from the Nektar website) United States Patent (USP) 4,640,835 that for example all is incorporated herein by reference; 4,496,689; 4,301,144; 4,670,417; 4,791,192 or 4,179,337 modes of listing are connected to antibody on the multiple non-protein polymer, include but not limited to be connected to various polyvalent alcohols, for example on polyoxyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, the polyoxyalkylene.In addition, can carry out amino acid in anti-intravital a plurality of sites and replace with the promotion polymkeric substance, for example interpolation of PEG, this point this area is known.For example, referring to the open No.2005/0114037A1 of the U.S. that is incorporated herein by reference fully.

Traget antibody

In some embodiments, the covalent modification of antibody of the present invention comprises one or more marks of interpolation.In some cases, these also are considered to antibody fusions.Term " labelling groups " refers to any detectable mark.In some embodiments, by the spacerarm that reduces all lengths that latent space hinders labelling groups is connected on the antibody.Several different methods this area of labelled protein is known, and these methods may be used to implement the present invention.

Usually, the mensuration according to certification mark is divided into plurality of classes with mark: a) isotopic labeling can be radio isotope or heavy isotope; B) magnetic mark (for example, magnetic particle); C) redox active part; D) fluorescence dye; Enzyme catalysis group (for example, horseradish peroxidase, beta-galactosidase enzymes, luciferase, alkaline phosphatase); E) biotinylation group; And f) by the predetermined polypeptide epitope (for example, leucine zipper matched sequence, second antibody combining site, metal binding domain, epi-position label or the like) of the second report thing identification.In some embodiments, by the spacerarm that reduces all lengths that latent space hinders labelling groups is connected on the antibody.Several different methods this area of labelled protein is known, and these methods may be used to implement the present invention.

Specific marker comprises optical dye, includes but not limited to chromophore, phosphorus and fluorophore, and the latter is specific in many cases.Fluorophore can be the fluores of " small molecules " or property of protein.

" fluorescent mark " refers to by the detected any molecule of inherent fluorescent characteristic.Suitable fluorescent mark comprises, but be not limited to fluorescein, rhodamine (rhodamine), tetramethylrhodamin, Yihong (eosin), algae red (erythrosin), tonka bean camphor (coumarin), methylcoumarin, pyrene (pyrene), Victoria Green WPB (Malacitegreen), the 1-2-toluylene, fluorescent yellow, Cascade BlueJ, Texas is red, IAEDANS, EDANS, BODIPYFL, LC Red 640, Cy5, Cy5.5, LC Red 705, Oregon green, Alexa-Fluor dyestuff (Alexa Fluor 350, Alexa Fluor 430, Alexa Fluor 488, AlexaFluor 546, Alexa Fluor 568, Alexa Fluor 594, Alexa Fluor 633, Alexa Fluor660, Alexa Fluor 680), Cascade Blue, Cascade Yellow and R-phycoerythrin (PE) (Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR), FITC, red (the Pierce of rhodamine and Texas, Rockford, IL), Cy5, Cy5.5, Cy7 (Amersham Life Science, Pittsburgh, PA).Among the Molecular Probes Handbook by Richard P.Haugland that all is incorporated herein by reference the suitable optical dye that comprises fluorophore has been described.

The fluorescent mark of suitable property of protein also comprises, but be not limited to green fluorescent protein, comprise Renilla, GFP (the Chalfie et al. of Ptilosarcus or Aequorea species, 1994, Science263:802-805), EGFP (Clontech Laboratories, Inc., Genbank registers into Tibetan U55762), blue fluorescin (BFP, Quantum Biotechnologies, Inc.1801 deMaisonneuve Blvd.West, 8th Floor, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3H 1J9; Stauber, 1998, Biotechniques 24:462-471; Heim et al., 1996, Curr.Biol.6:178-182), enhanced yellow fluorescence protein (EYFP, Clontech Laboratories, Inc.), luciferase (Ichiki et al., 1993, J.Immunol.150:5408-5417), beta galactosidase enzyme (Nolan et al., 1988, Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.85:2603-2607) and Renilla (WO92/15673, WO95/07463, WO98/14605, WO98/26277, WO99/49019, United States Patent(USP) Nos. 5292658,5418155,5683888,5741668,5777079,5804387,5874304,5876995,5925558).All documents of quoting in this section are introduced here as a reference.

The IgG variant

In one embodiment, the invention provides the IgG misfolded proteins.The IgG variant comprises the antibody fragment that contains heavy chain CH2-CH3 district at least.In addition, suitable IgG variant comprises Fc territory (for example comprising lower hinge region), and (the IgG variant of CH1-hinge-CH2-CH3) also is useful in the present invention, and all these variants can be fused on the fusion partner to comprise CH.

With respect to parental generation IgG polypeptide, be with respect to wild-type IgG sometimes, the IgG variant comprises a kind of or a plurality of amino acid modified.The IgG variant can have the characteristic of one or more optimizations.The aminoacid sequence of at least one the amino acid modified IgG of causing variant is different from its parental generation IgG.Therefore, compare with parental generation, the IgG variant has that at least one is amino acid modified.Perhaps, compare with parental generation, the IgG variant has more than one amino acid modified, for example about one to about 50 amino acid modified, preferably compare with parental generation about one to about ten amino acid modified, most preferably compare with parental generation about one to about five amino acid modified.

Therefore, the sequence of the sequence of IgG variant and parental generation Fc polypeptide is homologous basically.For example, IgG variant sequence here and parental generation IgG variant sequence will have about 80% homology, preferred about at least 90% homology, most preferably about at least 95% homology.Can utilize molecular biology to produce genetic modification, perhaps can produce and modify with chemical process or enzyme method.

The target antigen of antibody

Those skilled in the art should understand above-mentioned target tabulation and not only refer to concrete albumen and biomolecules, and refer to comprise their biochemical pathway.For example: part and acceptor that CTLA-4 forms the common stimulation path of T cell as target antigen hint also are targets, and wherein part and acceptor comprise CTLA-4, B7-1, B7-2, CD28 and any other is undiscovered in conjunction with these proteic part or acceptor.Therefore, target used herein not only refers to concrete biomolecules, and refers to belong to interactional proteinoid of described target and described target the member of biochemical pathway wherein.Those skilled in the art should further understand above-mentioned any target antigen, can functionally be connected with Fc variant of the present invention to produce the Fc fusions in conjunction with their part or other members of the biochemical pathway of acceptor or their correspondence.Therefore, by the Fc variant functionally being connected to the Fc fusions that can make up targeting EGFR on EGF, TGF-b or any discovery or undiscovered other parts in conjunction with EGFR.Therefore, Fc variant of the present invention functionally can be connected to EGFR goes up to produce the Fc fusions in conjunction with EGF, TGF-b or any discovery or undiscovered other parts in conjunction with EGFR.Therefore, in fact any polypeptide, no matter part, acceptor or other albumen or albumen territory include but not limited to above-mentioned target and form the albumen of their corresponding biochemical pathway, can functionally be connected on the Fc variant of the present invention to produce the Fc fusions.

Suitable antigenic selection is depended on and is wanted the purposes that realizes.Concerning anticancer therapy, have that to express the target be only limited to cancer cells be desirable.The more verified target that is particularly suitable for Antybody therapy is those targets with signal sending function.Other treatment antibody is brought into play their effect by the combination blocking-up acceptor transmission signal that suppresses between acceptor and its part of the same clan.The another kind of mechanism of action of treatment antibody is to make receptor down-regulated.Other antibody do not work by the target antigen of transmission signal by them.Sometimes use antibody at infectious disease agent.

In one embodiment, Fc variant of the present invention is impregnated in the anti-cytokine antibodies.Perhaps, Fc variant and cytokine merge or coupling." cytokine " used herein be a group cell discharge act on the albumen general name of another cell as the iuntercellular medium.For example: as the Penichet et al. that is incorporated herein by reference especially, 2001, described in the J Immunol Methods 248:91-101, cytokine can be fused on the antibody so that desirable characteristic group to be provided.The example of this cytokine has lymphokine, monokine and traditional polypeptide hormone.Being included in has tethelin, for example human growth hormone, N-methionyl human growth hormone and a Polisac among the cytokine; Rat parathyroid hormone 1-34; Thyroxine; Regular Insulin; Proinsulin; Relaxin; Preceding Relaxin; Glycoprotein hormones, for example follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), thyrotropic hormone (TSH) and prolan B (LH); The liver somatomedin; Fibroblast growth factor; Prolactin; Galactagogin; Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and-β; The mullerian-inhibitory substance; Small white mouse gonad-stimulating hormone related peptides; Statin; Activin; Vascular endothelial growth factor; Integrin; Thrombopoietin (TPO); Nerve growth factor, for example NGF-β; PDGF; Transforming growth factor (TGFs), for example TGF-α and TGF-β; Insulin like growth factor-1 and-II; Erythropoietin (EPO); Osteoinductive factors; Interferon, rabbit, for example interferon-' alpha ', β and-γ; G CFS (CSFs), for example scavenger cell-CSF (M-CSF); Granulocyte-macrophage-CSF (GM-CSF) and granulocyte-CSF (G-CSF); Interleukin-(IL), IL-1 for example, IL-1 α, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-11, IL-12, IL-15; Tumour necrosis factor, for example TNF-α or TNF-β; C5a; And other polypeptide factors, comprise LIF and test kit part (KL).Term cytokine used herein comprises from natural origin or from the albumen of reconstitution cell culture, and the biologic activity coordinator of native sequences cytokine.

Cytokine and solubility target, for example the TNF superfamily member is the preferred target that is used for variant of the present invention.For example: anti-VEGF, anti-CTLA-4 and anti-TNF antibodies or its fragment are the good especially antibody that is used to increase FcRn bonded Fc variant.Treatment at these targets often relates to the treatment autoimmune disease, and needs long-term multiple injection.Therefore, long serum half-life and the lower therapeutic frequency that bring of variant of the present invention is particularly preferred.

Approval can be benefited from Fc variant of the present invention in clinical trial or the lot of antibodies of using in research and development and Fc fusions.These antibody and Fc fusions are called " clinical product and material standed for " here.Therefore, in preferred embodiments, Fc polypeptide of the present invention can be used for a large amount of clinical products and material standed for.For example: the antibody of a large amount of target CD20 can be benefited from Fc polypeptide of the present invention.For example, Fc polypeptide of the present invention can be used for basically with chimeric approval be used for the treatment of the lymphadenomatous anti-CD20 antibodies Rituximab of non-hodgkin's (family name) (rituximab, Rituxan  is IDEC/Genentech/Roche) (for example referring to US 5,736,137) similar antibody; Anti-CD20 HuMax-CD20, US5 that Genmab is present, 500, the anti-CD20 antibodies, AME-133 (Applied Molecular Evolution), the hA20 (Immunomedics that describe in 362, Inc.), HumaLYM (Intracel) and PRO70769 (PCT/US2003/040426 is entitled as " immunoglobulin variants and uses thereof ").The targeting epidermal growth factor receptor family member comprises that the lot of antibodies of EGFR (ErbB-1), Her2/neu (ErbB-2), Her3 (ErbB-3), Her4 (ErbB-4) can be benefited from Fc polypeptide of the present invention.For example, Fc polypeptide of the present invention can be used for being used for the treatment of with approval basically the anti-Her2/neu antibody of humanization trastuzumab (trastuzumab, Herceptin , Genentech) (for example referring to US 5,677,171) similar antibody of mammary cancer; Pertuzumab (rhuMab-2C4, Omnitarg that Genentech is present ^TM); US 4,753, anti--Her2 antibody of describing in 894; The chimeric anti-egfr antibodies Cetuximab that in the clinical trial of multiple cancer, uses (cetuximab, Erbitux , Imclone) (US4,943,533; PCT WO96/40210); The ABX-EGF (US6,235,883) that Abgenix-Immunex-Amgen is present; The HuMax-EGFr (USSN 10/172,317) that Genmab is present; 425, EMD55900, EMD62000 and EMD72000 (Merck KGaA) (US 5,558,864; Murthy et al.1987, Arch BiochemBiophys.252 (2): 549-60; Rodeck et al., 1987, J Cell Biochem.35 (4): 315-20; Kettleborough et al., 1991, Protein Eng.4 (7): 773-83); ICR62 (Institute of CancerResearch) (PCT WO95/20045; Modjtahedi et al., 1993, J.Cell Biophys.1993,22 (1-3): 129-46; Modjtahedi et al., 1993, Br J Cancer.1993,67 (2): 247-53; Modjtahedi et al, 1996, Br J Cancer, 73 (2): 228-35; Modjtahedi et al, 2003, Int JCancer, 105 (2): 273-80); TheraCIM hR3 (YM Biosciences, Canada and Centro deImmunologia Molecular, Cuba (US 5,891, and 996; US 6,506, and 883; Mateo et al, 1997, Immunotechnology, 3 (1): 71-81); An-Kettering) (Jungbluth et al.2003, Proc NatlAcad Sci U S is (2) A.100: 639-44); KSB-102 (KS Biomedix); MR1-1 (IVAX, National Cancer Institute) (PCT WO 0162931A2) and SC100 (Scancell) (PCT WO01/88138).In a further preferred embodiment, Fc polypeptide of the present invention can be used for the Humanized monoclonal antibodies alemtuzumab that approval at present is used for the treatment of B cell lymphocytic leukemia (alemtuzumab, Campath , Millenium).Fc polypeptide of the present invention can be used for similar with material standed for to other clinical products basically multiple antibody or Fc fusions, includes but not limited to OrthoBiotech/Johnson ﹠amp; The anti-cd 3 antibodies of Johnson is Luo Dankang (muromonab)-CD3 (Orthoclone OKT3 ) not, anti-CD20 antibodies ibritumomab tiuxetan (the ibritumomab tiuxetan of IDEC/Schering AG, Zevalin ), the anti-CD 33 of Celltech/Wyeth (p67 albumen) antibody gemtuzumab ozogamicin (Mylotarg ), the anti-LFA-3Fc fusions alefacept (Amevive ) of Biogen, ReoPro (the abciximab of Centocor Lilly, ReoPro ), basiliximab (the basiliximab of Novartis, Simulect ), palivizumab (the palivizumab of MedImmune, Synagis ), anti-TNF alpha antibodies infliximab (the infliximab of Centocor, Remicade ), the anti-TNF alpha antibodies adalimumab of Abbott (adalimumab, Humira ), the anti-TNF alpha antibodies Humicade of Celltech ^TMAnti-TNF alpha Fc fusions etanercept (Enbrel)  of Immunex/Amgen), the anti-CD147 antibody A BX-CBL of Abgenix, the anti-IL8 antibody A BX-IL8 of Abgenix, the anti-MUC18 antibody A BX-MA1 of Abgenix, anti-MUC1 Pemtumomab of Antisoma (R1549,90Y-muHMFG1), the anti-MUC1 antibody Therex (R1550) of Antisoma, the AngioMab of Antisoma (AS1405), the HuBC-1 of Antisoma, the Thioplatin of Antisoma (AS1407), the anti-α of Biogen-4-β-1 (VLA-4) and α-4-β-7 antibody A ntegren (natalizumab (natalizumab)), the anti-VLA-1 alpha 2 integrin antibodies VLA-1mAb of Biogen, antilymphocyte toxin beta receptor (LTBR) the antibody LTBR mAb of Biogen, the anti-TGF-beta 2 antibody CAT-152 of Cambridge Antibody Technology, the anti-IL-12 antibody J695 of CambridgeAntibody Technology and Abbott, the anti-TGF beta 1 antibodies CAT-192 of Cambridge AntibodyTechnology and Genzyme, anti-eotaxin's antibody CAT-213 of Cambridge AntibodyTechnology, the anti-Blys antibody LymphoStat-B of Cambridge AntibodyTechnology and Human Genome Sciences Inc. ^TM, Cambridge Antibody Technology and the anti-TRAIL-R 1 antibody TRAIL-R1mAb of Human Genome Sciences Inc., the VEGF antibody Avastin of Genentech ^TM(rhuMAb-VEGF (bevacizumab), rhuMAb-VEGF), the anti-HER receptor family antibody of Genentech, the anti-tissue factor antibodies anti-tissue factor (ATF) of Genentech, the anti-IgE antibodies Xolair of Genentech ^TM(Omalizumab), the anti-CD11a antibody Raptiva of Genentech and Xoma ^TM(Efalizumab), the MLN-02 antibody of Genentech and Millenium Pharmaceuticals (LDP-02 in the past), the anti-CD 4 antibodies HuMax CD4 of Genmab, the anti-IL15 antibody HuMax-IL15 of Genmab and Amgen, the HuMax-Inflam of Genmab and Medarex, the anti-heparanase I antibody HuMax-cancer of Genmab and Medarex and Oxford GcoSciences, the HuMax-lymphoma of Genmab and Amgen, the HuMax-TAC of Genmab, the anti-CD40L antibodies IDEC-131 of IDECPharmaceuticals, the anti-CD40L antibodies IDEC-151 of IDEC Pharmaceuticals (clenoliximab (clenoliximab)), the anti-CD80 antibody I DEC-114 of IDEC Pharmaceuticals, the anti-CD23 antibody I DEC-152 of IDEC Pharmaceuticals, the anti-macrophage migration factor (MIF) antibody of IDEC Pharmaceuticals, the antiidiotypic antibody BEC2 of Imclone, the anti-KDR antibody I MC-1C11 of Imclone, the anti-flk-1 antibody DC101 of Imclone, the anti-VE cadherin antibody of Imclone, anticancer embryonal antigen (CEA) the antibody CEA-Cide of Immunomedics ^TM(labetuzumab), the anti-CD22 antibody LymphoCide of Immunomedics ^TMMDX-018, the Medarex of MDX-070, the Medarex of anti-CD30 antibody MDX-060, the Medarex of anti-CTLA 4 antibody MDX-010, the MDMedarex of ProstaCide, the Medarex of LkoCide, the Immunomedics of MyelomaCide, the Immunomedics of AFP-Cide, the Immunomedics of (epratuzumab (Epratuzumab)), Immunomedics and the anti-Her2 antibody Osidem of Immuno-Designed Molecules ^TM(IDM-1), the anti-CD 4 antibodies HuMax of Medarex and Genmab ^TMAnti-IL15 antibody HuMax-IL15, Medarex and the Centocor/J ﹠amp of-CD4, Medarex and Genmab; The anti-TNF alpha antibodies CNTO 148 of J, Centocor/J ﹠amp; Anti-cytokine antibodies CNTO 1275, the MorphoSys of J resists at (CD54) the anti-IFN-antibody HuZAF of anti-cd 3 antibodies Nuvion  (visilizumab), the Protein Design Labs of anti-fibroblast growth factor receptor3 (FGFR-3) antibody MOR201, the Protein Design Labs of antibody MOR101 and MOR102, MorphoSys of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) ^TM, the anti-Ep-CAM antibody I NG-1 of anti-IL-12, Xoma of anti-alpha 5 beta 1 integrin, Protein Design Labs of Protein Design Labs and the anti-B2 alpha 2 integrin antibodies MLN01 of Xoma, all documents of quoting in this section are introduced here as a reference.

Fc polypeptide of the present invention can be incorporated in above-mentioned clinical material standed for and the product, perhaps be incorporated into to their similar substantially antibody and Fc fusions in.Fc polypeptide of the present invention can be incorporated in the form of certain additive method humanization of usefulness, affinity maturation, processing or modification of above-mentioned clinical material standed for and product.

In one embodiment, Fc polypeptide of the present invention is used to treat autoimmunization, inflammatory or transplants indication.With the target antigen of this disease-related and clinical product and material standed for including, but not limited to anti--α 4 β 7 alpha 2 integrin antibodies, LDP-02 for example, anti-β 2 alpha 2 integrin antibodies, LDP-01 for example, anticomplement (C5) antibody, for example 5G1.1, anti-CD2 antibody, BTI-322 for example, MEDI-507, anti-cd 3 antibodies, OKT3 for example, the anti-CD3 of SMART, anti-CD 4 antibodies, IDEC-151 for example, MDX-CD4, OKT4A, anti-CD11a antibody, anti-CD 14 antibody, IC14 for example, anti-CD18 antibody, anti-CD23 antibody, for example IDEC 152, anti-CD 25 antibody, for example Zenapax, anti-CD40L antibodies, 5c8 for example, Antova, IDEC-131, anti-CD 64 antibody, for example MDX-33, anti-CD80 antibody, IDEC-114 for example, anti-CD147 antibody, ABX-CBL for example, anti-E-selects plain antibody, for example CDP850, anti-gpIIb/IIIa antibody, ReoPro/Abcixima for example, anti-ICAM-3 antibody, ICM3 for example, anti-ICE antibody, for example VX-740, anti-FcR1 antibody, MDX-33 for example, anti-IgE antibodies, rhuMab-E25 for example, anti-IL-4 antibody, for example SB-240683, anti-IL-5 antibody, SB-240563 for example, SCH55700, anti-IL-8 antibody, ABX-IL8 for example, anti-interferon gamma antibodies, anti-TNF (TNF, TNFa, TNFa, TNF-α) antibody, CDP571 for example, CDP870, D2E7, infliximab, MAK-195F and VLA-4 antibody, for example Antegren.

Fc variant of the present invention, for example those can be used in the tnf inhibitor molecule so that the enhanced characteristic to be provided to FcRn in conjunction with the enhanced variant.Useful tnf inhibitor molecule is included in any molecule that suppresses TNF-α effect in the Mammals.Suitable example comprises Fc fusions Enbrel  (etanercept), antibody Humira  (adalimumab) and Remicade  (infliximab).Utilize Fc variant processing of the present invention can change best effect into by the transformation period that prolongs to increase FcFn bonded monoclonal antibody (for example Remicade and Humira).

In some embodiments, can use antibody at communicable disease.Comprise at eukaryotic antibody and the antibody of target yeast cell to include but not limited to yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae (Saccharomyceserevisiae), Hansenula polymorpha (Hansenula polymorpha), Kluyveromyces fragilis (Kluyveromyces fragilis) and Kluyveromyces lactis (K.lactis), Pichia guillerimondii and pichia pastoris phaff (P.pastoris), millet wine fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe), plasmodium falciparum (plasmodium falciparium) conciliates fat Ye Shi yeast (Yarrowia lipolytica).

Antibody at other fungal cells also is useful, comprise and comprise Candida glabrata (Candida glabrata), Candida albicans (C.albicans), gram Rou Shi candidiasis (C.krusei), the Candida bacterial strain of Candida lusitaniae (C.lusitaniae) and maltose candiyeast (C.maltosa), and aspergillus (Aspergillus), genera cryptococcus (Cryptococcus), Histoplasma (Histoplasma), Coccidioides (Coccidioides), the relevant target antigen of bacterial classification of blastomycete (Blastomyces) and Penicillium notatum (Penicillium).

Antibody at the target antigen relevant with protozoon includes, but are not limited to and trypanosoma (Trypanosoma), the Leishmania (Leishmania) that comprises Leishmania donovani (L.donovanii) is planted, plasmodium kind (Plasmodium spp.), Pneumocystis carinii (Pneumocystis carinii), Cryptosporidium parvum (Cryptosporidium parvum), giardia lamblia (Giardia lamblia), entamoeba histolytica (Entamoeba histolytica) and the relevant antibody of circle sporozoite (Cyclospora cayetanensis).

At the antigenic antibody of prokaryotic organism also is useful, comprise at suitable bacterium, for example cause a disease and not pathogenic procaryotic antibody, wherein pathogenic and not pathogenic prokaryotic organism include but not limited to bacillus (Bacillus), comprise anthrax bacillus (B.anthracis); Vibrio (Vibrio), for example vibrio cholerae (V.cholerae); Escherichia (Escherichia), for example enterotoxigenic E.Coli (Enterotoxigenic E.coli); Shigella (Shigella), for example shigella dysenteriae S.dysenteriae); Salmonella (Salmonella), for example salmonella typhi (S.typhi); Mycobacterium (Mycobacterium), for example mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tuberculosih), Mycobacterium leprae (M.leprae); Fusobacterium (Clostridium), for example Clostridium botulinum (C.botulinum), clostridium tetani (C.tetani), clostridium difficile (C.difficile), clostridium perfringens (C.perfringens); Corynebacterium (Cornyebacterium), for example diphtheria corynebacterium (C.diphtheriae); Streptococcus (Streptococcus), Streptococcus pyrogenes (S.pyogenes), streptococcus pneumoniae (S.pneumoniae); Staphylococcus (Staphylococcus), for example streptococcus aureus (S.aureus); Hemophilus (Haemophilus), for example hemophilus influenzae (H.influenzae); Eisseria (Neisseria), for example how Neisseria (N.meningitidis), Diplococcus gonorrhoeae (N.gonorrhoeae) of meningitis; Yersinia (Yersinia), for example giardia lamblia stiles Yersinia (Y.lamblia), Yersinia pestis (Y.pestis,), Rhodopseudomonas (Pseudomonas), for example Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P.aeruginosa), pseudomonas putida (P.putida); Chlamydozoan (Chlamydia), for example chlamydia trachomatis (C.trachomatis); Bordetella (Bordetella), for example Bordetella pertussis (B.pertussis); Treponema pallidum (Treponema), for example treponema pallidum (Y.palladium); B.anthracis, brucella (Brucella spp.), F.tularensis, B.mallei, B.pseudomallei, Salmonellas (Salmonella spp.), SEB V. cholera toxin B, Escherichia coli O 157: H7, listeria bacteria (Listeria spp.), trichosporon beigelii (Trichosporon beigelii), rhodotorula (Rhodotorulaspecies), unusual Hansenula anomala (Hansenula anomala), enterobacteria (Enterobacter sp.), Cray Bai Shi bacillus (Klebsiella sp.), listeria bacteria (Listeria sp.), mycoplasma (Mycoplasma sp.) or the like.

In some versions, antibody is at virus infection; These viruses include, but are not limited to comprise orthomyxovirus (for example influenza virus), paramyxovirus (respiratory syncytial virus (respiratorysyncytial virus) for example, mumps virus (mumps virus), Measles virus (measles virus)), adenovirus, rhinovirus (rhinovirus), coronavirus (coronavirus), reovirus (reovirus), togavirus (togavirus) (for example rubella virus (rubella virus)), parvovirus (parvovirus), poxvirus (alastrim virus (variola virus) for example, vaccinia virus (vaccinia virus)), enterovirus (poliovirus (poliovirus) for example, Coxsackie virus (coxsackievirus)), hepatitis virus (comprises first, the second and third type), simplexvirus (hsv for example, varicella zoster virus (varicella-zoster virus), cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus), rotavirus, norwalk virus (Norwalk virus), Hantaan virus (hantavirus), arenavirus (arenavirus), rhabdovirus (rhabdovirus) (for example rabies virus), retrovirus (comprises hiv virus, HTLV-I and-II), papovavirus (papovavirus) (for example papilloma virus (papillomavirus)), polyomavirus (polyomavirus) and picornavirus (picornavirus) or the like.

The IgG variant characteristic of optimizing

The application also provides multiple treatment correlation properties optimised IgG variant.The IgG variant that processed or expectation demonstrates one or more optimization characteristics is called as " the IgG variant of optimizing " here.Most preferred characteristic that can be optimised includes, but are not limited to the transformation period in the avidity enhancing of FcRn or reduction and the body is prolonged or reduces.Suitable embodiment is included in lower pH, for example relevant pH with endosome, the binding affinity that for example demonstrates during pH6.0 FcRn increases, and at higher pH, for example not demonstrating the binding affinity that increases accordingly at 7.4 o'clock increases with bulk absorption in allowing, and keeps normal rate of release simultaneously.Equally, FcRn can optionally have other desirable characteristics in conjunction with these antibody that are conditioned, for example the Fc γ R combination through regulating, as U.S.S.N.s11/174,287,11/124,640,10/822,231,10/672,280, the title of submitting on October 21st, 10/379,392 and 2005 is that the application number of IgG immunoglobulin variants with effector functions of optimization is other listed characteristics of patent application of no.__________.That is to say that optimization characteristics also include, but are not limited to the avidity of Fc γ R is strengthened or reduces.In a random embodiment, can optimize the IgG variant and make it activate Fc γ R to have enhanced avidity, except that the FcRn bind profile, also preferably Fc γ RIIIa is had enhanced avidity the people.In another random interchangeable embodiment, can optimize the IgG variant and make it have the avidity of reduction human inhibitory acceptor Fc γ RIIb.That is to say that embodiment comprises that utilization demonstrates the antibody that increases and the combination of Fc γ RIIIa is demonstrated increase to the combination of FcRn.Other embodiment has utilized the combination to FcRn to demonstrate the purposes that increases and the combination of Fc γ RIIIa is demonstrated the antibody of increase.Expect that these embodiment can be provided in philtrum and have enhanced treatment characteristic, the IgG polypeptide that for example has the anticancer usefulness of enhanced effector functions and Geng Gao.In selectable embodiment, can optimize the IgG variant makes it have the FcRn avidity that increases or reduce, and the people Fc γ R that increases or reduce, include but not limited to Fc γ RI, Fc γ RIIa, Fc γ RIIb, Fc γ RIIc, Fc γ RIIIa and comprise the Fc γ RIIIb avidity of their allelic variation.Expect that these embodiment can be provided in philtrum and have enhanced treatment characteristic, for example have the IgG polypeptide of the effector functions of the serum half-life of prolongation and reduction.In other embodiments, the IgG variant provides enhanced FcRn avidity, and one or more Fc γ Rs avidity of enhanced, but the avidity of one or more other Fc γ Rs is reduced.For example: the IgG variant can strengthen the combination of FcRn and Fc γ RIIIa, but the combination of Fc γ RIIb is reduced.Perhaps, the IgG variant can reduce the combination of FcRn and Fc γ R.In another embodiment, the IgG variant has the FcRn avidity of reduction, and enhanced Fc γ RIIb avidity, but one or more avidity that activate Fc γ Rs are reduced.In another embodiment, the IgG variant has the serum half-life of prolongation and the effector functions of reduction.

Preferred embodiment comprises the combination of optimization to people FcRn and Fc γ R, but in selectable embodiment, the IgG variant includes but not limited to that to from the non-human organism body FcRn of rodent and inhuman primate and Fc γ R have the avidity that strengthens or reduce.The IgG variant in conjunction with optimised to non-human FcRn can be used for experiment.For example: can obtain to test given drug candidate person's characteristic, for example the small white mouse model of the multiple disease of effect, toxicity and pharmacokinetics.Can be by being called heteroplastic method with cancer cell transplantation or be injected in the small white mouse with the imitation human cancer, this point this area is known.Can provide about albumin the test of IgG variant and to remove characteristic, its valuable information such as purge mechanism, wherein the IgG variant comprise to FcRn in conjunction with optimised IgG variant.Also can optimize the IgG variant so that it has the functional and/or dissolution characteristics of enhanced in non-glycosylated (aglycosylated) form.The Fc part includes, but are not limited to FcRn, Fc γ Rs, C1q and albumin A and G, and can include but not limited to people, small white mouse, rat, rabbit or monkey from any source, preferred people.In selectable preferred embodiment, can optimize the IgG variant and make its non-glycosylated form more stable and/or more solvable than parental generation IgG variant.

The IgG variant can comprise the Fc part of regulating with except that FcRn and Fc γ Rs, includes but not limited to the interactional modification of complement proteins and Fc acceptor homologue (FcRHs).FcRHs is including, but not limited to FcRH1, FcRH2, FcRH3, FcRH4, FcRH5 and FcRH6 (Davis et al., 2002, Immunol.Reviews 190:123-136 all is incorporated herein by reference).

Preferentially, the Fc ligand specificity of IgG variant will determine its treatment to use.The purpose that is used for the treatment of given IgG variant will depend on the epi-position or the form of target antigen, and disease to be treated or indication.Concerning most of targets and indication, enhanced FcRn is in conjunction with preferred, because enhanced FcRn is in conjunction with causing serum half-life to prolong.When long serum half-life allows treatment with lower frequency and dosed administration.When using this therapeutical agent for the indication that needs repeat administration is reacted, this specific character is particularly preferred.Concerning some targets and indication, when needing variant Fc to have the serum half-life of the removing of increase or reduction, for example when Fc polypeptide during as photographic developer or radiotherapy dose, the FcRn avidity of reduction is particularly preferred.

Can use to comprise provides enhanced FcRn avidity, the IgG variant of the IgG variant of the inhibition Fc γ Rs avidity of enhanced activation Fc γ Rs avidity and/or reduction.Concerning some targets and indication, using provides difference to coactivation Fc γ Rs not optionally the IgG variant is more favourable; For example: sometimes can be to Fc γ RIIa and Fc γ RIIIa, rather than Fc γ RI in conjunction with strengthening, and in other cases, only have only preferred to Fc γ RIIa in conjunction with strengthening.Concerning some target and indication, utilization changed the FcRn combination and strengthened the effector functions of Fc γ R mediation and the IgG variant of the effector functions of complement-mediated preferred, but in other cases, utilize FcRn to prolong, and the effector functions enhanced IgG variant of the effector functions of Fc γ R mediation or complement-mediated is favourable in conjunction with enhancing or serum half-life.Concerning some targets or cancer indication, reduce or eliminate one or more effector functions, for example favourable by knocking out to the combination of C1q, one or more Fc γ R, FcRn or one or more other Fc parts.Concerning other targets or indication, utilize to inhibition Fc γ RIIb in conjunction with increasing, but to activating the WT level that is combined into of Fc γ Rs, reduce or the IgG variant eliminated preferred.For example, when the purpose of IgG variant is inflammation-inhibiting or autoimmune disease, or when regulating immunity system in some aspects, this IgG variant is useful especially.Because the common time length of autoimmune disease is of a specified duration, and needs repeat administration to treat, use that the Fc variant in conjunction with the transformation period with prolongation that increases of FcRn is treated them is particularly preferred.

Modification can improve IgG stability, solubility, function or clinical application.In preferred embodiments, the IgG variant can comprise minimizing in the intravital immunogenic modification of people.In the most preferred embodiment, the method that the USSN 11/004,590 that utilization is incorporated herein by reference fully describes has reduced the immunogenicity of IgG variant.In selectable embodiment, the IgG variant is humanized (Clark, 2000, Immunol Today 21:397-402 is incorporated herein by reference fully).

The IgG variant can comprise the immunogenic modification of reduction.Reduce immunogenic modification and comprise that reducing the treated peptide that derives from the parental generation sequence modifies the proteic bonded of MHC.For example: can design the amino acid modified immune epitope that makes not or minimum number is arranged, wherein the immune epitope expectation can be with high-affinity in conjunction with any general MHC allelotrope.Identify that MHC is known in conjunction with several method this area of epi-position in the protein sequence, and can be used for the epi-position in the IgG variant is marked.Row as, referring to WO 98/52976; WO 02/079232; WO 00/3317; USSN 09/903,378; USSN 10/039,170; USSN 60/222,697; USSN 10/754,296; PCT WO 01/21823; With PCT WO 02/00165; Mallios, 1999, Bioinformatics 15:432-439; Mallios, 2001, Bioinformatics 17:942-948; Sturniolo et al., 1999, Nature Biotech.17:555-561; WO 98/59244; WO 02/069232; WO 02/77187; Marshall et al., 1995, J.Immunol.154:5927-5933 and Hammer et al., 1994, J.Exp.Med.180:2353-2358 all is incorporated herein by reference.Based on the information of sequence can be used for determining given peptide-MHC interactional in conjunction with score (for example, referring to Mallios, 1999, Bioinformatics 15:432-439; Mallios, 2001, Bioinformatics 17:p942-948; Sturniolo et.al., 1999, NatureBiotech.17:555-561 all is incorporated herein by reference).

The IgG variant of processing

Can design variant of the present invention in several ways.Variant described herein can be insert, disappearance, replace, other modification, or the combination of these and other change.The embodiment of new especially of the present invention is that design improves or reduce bonded insertion and the disappearance of Fc polypeptide to the Fc part.Just as disclosed herein such, can implement to increase or reduce insertion or the disappearance of Fc polypeptide to the avidity of FcRn.Can pass through reasonable method,, for example set up or screen design with hangar at random or partly and insert and lack perhaps by comprising the method for purposes or random component.In selectable embodiment, disclosing increases or reduces the replacement of Fc polypeptide to the avidity of FcRn.

Insert and disappearance

Replace the parental generation amino acid in certain site on the Fc polypeptide can create preparation Fc polypeptide variants with variant amino acid.By the one or more amino acid in the Fc polypeptide are replaced to variant amino acid, can change the side chain in those sites.Most of useful replacements are modified the Fc characteristic by changing the Fc side chain.The side chain of replacing can be directly or indirectly and the effect of Fc binding partners, and wherein the Fc binding partners is relevant with Fc function or characteristic.At least one replacement has changed the covalent structure of one or more side chains of parental generation Fc polypeptide.

Perhaps, the covalent structure of change parental generation Fc polypeptide backbone can be created and prepare the Fc polypeptide variants.Skeletal atom in the albumen has peptide nitrogen, α carbon, carbonyl or peptide carbon and ketonic oxygen.The covalent structure that changes skeleton provides the method for additional change Fc polypeptide characteristic.By adding atom in skeleton, for example insert one or more amino acid or from skeleton, remove removal atom, for example delete the covalent structure that one or more amino acid can change the Fc skeleton.Become the covalent structure (Deechongkit et al., J Am Chem Soc.2004.126 (51): 16762-71 all is incorporated herein by reference) that other atoms also can change skeleton by single atom with skeleton.By the corresponding Nucleotide among the DNA that inserts or delete coding Fc polypeptide, can be embodied in and insert in the Fc polypeptide or disappearance amino acid, this point this area is known, here also is illustrated.Perhaps, can realize amino acid whose insertion or disappearance during synthetic Fc polypeptide, this point this area is known.

The structure of the mixture by considering Fc polypeptide and its binding partners can realize inserting or lacking amino acid whose design process, wherein inserts or disappearance amino acid can change the interaction of Fc polypeptide and one or more binding partners (for example Fc γ R ' s, FcRn, C1q).In the lower embodiment of preference degree, the information in the structure by considering the Fc polypeptide and the bonded Fc zone of participation and binding partners can be finished design.Can obtain these information by mutagenesis experiment, phage display experiment, homology comparison, computer model or other modes.

Influence the Fc binding interactions in the aminoacid sequence, be not positioned at and participate in the interactional ring of Fc/Fc binding partners but do not influence the insertion of one-piece construction, stability, expression or purposes of Fc polypeptide or disappearance optimum position.In order to change of the combination of Fc polypeptide to FcRn, site 244-257,279-284,307-317,383-390 and 428-435 are that (numbering is from EU indexof Kabat et al., Burmeister et al., 1994 for the preferred ring position that inserts or lack, Nature, 372:379-383; Martin et al., 2001, Mol Cell 7:867-877 all is incorporated herein by reference).In order to change of the combination of Fc polypeptide to Fc γ acceptor, site 229-239,266-273,294-299 and 324-331 are that (numbering is from EU index of Kabat et al. for the preferred ring position that inserts or lack, PDB code 1E4K.pdb Sondermann et al.Nature.2000 406:267 all is incorporated herein by reference).Ring is the polypeptide zone that does not relate to α spiral or β laminated structure.The ring site is site (the van Holde in α spiral or β lamella not, Johnsonand Ho.Principles of Physical Biochemistry.Prentice Hall, New Jersey 1998, Chapter 1 pp2-67 all is incorporated herein by reference).The ring site is preferred, because compare with the skeletal atom of β lamella with the α spiral, and the easier usually bending of this skeletal atom, but and to participate in the property of hydrogen bond littler.Therefore, insert or lack one or more amino acid and cause encircling prolongation or shorten seldom causing the Fc polypeptide that big disruptiveness variation takes place, comprise stability, expression or other problems.

Insert and lack the length that can be used for changing polypeptide.For example: in the ring zone, flexibility and conformational entropy that the length of change ring can cause encircling change.Insertion in the ring can increase the conformational entropy of ring usually; but conformational entropy is defined as multiply by boltzmann constant (Boltzman ' s constant) (the van Holde of the natural logarithm of conformation number; Johnson and Ho.Principles of PhysicalBiochemistry.Prentice Hall; New Jersey 1998; pp78 all is incorporated herein by reference).In polypeptide, the sum of the obtainable conformation of polypeptide is increased at least one aminoacid insertion.These additional conformations can to form favourable Fc/Fc-binding partners interact beneficial because the Fc polypeptide can utilize a kind of in the additional conformation when conjugated protein in conjunction with Fc-.In this case, insertion can produce stronger Fc/Fc binding partners interaction.If additional conformation is not used in bonding interface, insertion can cause more weak Fc/Fc binding partners to interact so, because additional conformation will be competed with the conformation that binding ability is arranged.Equally, the disappearance of polypeptide fragment also can produce stronger or more weak Fc/Fc binding partners interaction.Eliminated the conformation that binding ability is arranged if reduce the denumerable purpose fragment deletion of bone framework image, disappearance can produce more weak Fc/Fc binding partners interaction so.If disappearance does not have to eliminate the conformation that binding ability is arranged, disappearance can produce stronger Fc/Fc binding partners interaction so, because lack the conformation that can remove with the conformation competition that binding ability is arranged.

Insert and lack and to be used for changing position amino acid whose in the Fc polypeptide and direction.Cause the covalent structure of skeleton to change because insert and lack, so they will inevitably cause the variation in skeletal atom site.Fig. 7 has compared the skeleton site on some ring plate sections that are labeled as L1-L4 in three different skeletons.The skeleton structure of reference comprises the four processes section, and the disappearance skeleton lacks sections L1, inserts sections before sections L1, and promptly the N-end of sections L1 comprises additional sections.Disappearance and insertion can cause near the skeleton structure of insertion or deletion segment maximum variation taking place.Deletion is near the sections of ring N-end, sections L1 for example, and ring can shorten, and remaining sections can change their position near the ring N-terminal.This can produce the influence of moving the L2 sections in preceding site with ring N-terminal direction towards the L1 sections.In the time of producing favourable interaction with the Fc binding partners when the amino acid of the bright L2 of being positioned at of initial information table is positioned at L1, L2 sections site can strengthen the combination of Fc/Fc binding partners mixture towards the variation of L1 sections direction, so also is preferred.For example: if L2 comprises L-Ala and tyrosine, so Yi Qian two L1 amino acid replace to L-Ala and tyrosine will cause the Fc variant in conjunction with increase, therefore lack L1 and can produce the Fc variant that the avidity to the Fc binding partners increases.

Equally, the N-end side at ring can cause the direction change of the site of link section towards ring C-terminal side with polypeptide sections insertion Fc polypeptide.Among Fig. 7, before sections L1, promptly the N-terminal of sections L1 inserts one or more amino acid and can change bone framework image, and wherein bone framework image comprises that the L1 sections changes towards the direction of ring C-terminal.In the time of producing favourable interaction when the known amino acid that is positioned at sections L1 is positioned at the L2 site, it is preferred that this class is inserted, and can produce stronger Fc/Fc binding partners interaction because insert.If want more weak Fc/Fc binding partners to interact, insertion can be used for disadvantageous amino acid is moved to novel site so.Insert, deletion and can be more than amino acid whose one or more sections in the Fc polypeptide with reference to sections (L1 among Fig. 7 is to L4).

Perhaps, can insert or disappearance in the C-terminal utilization of ring to be similar to the terminal mode of inserting or lacking of ring N-.The insertion of ring C-terminal can cause inserting the direction motion of the site of N-end towards the ring N-terminal.The disappearance of ring C-terminal can cause the direction motion of the site of the N-end that lacks towards the ring C-terminal.Based on the amino acid that is arranged in ring, want to increase or reduce the serious hope of Fc/Fc-binding partners avidity and the position wanted changes, select to utilize the insertion or the disappearance of ring N-end or C-terminal.

Insertion or disappearance can be used for any zone of Fc polypeptide, comprise ring, α spiral and β topsheet areas.The optimum position that inserts and lack comprises the ring zone that is not α spiral or β topsheet areas.Ring is preferred, because they can accept change in the skeleton better than α spiral or β lamella usually.The particularly preferred insertion or the disappearance position that produce stronger albumen/protein-interacting are the N-end or the C-terminal edge of ring.Interact if the side chain that encircles participates in the Fc/Fc binding partners, the insertion at edge or disappearance seldom can cause the harmful variation of binding interactions generation intensive so.The disappearance of ring center can be removed important residue in the Fc/Fc binding partners interface very much, and the insertion of ring center very can produce disadvantageous interaction at Fc/Fc binding partners interface.The capacity that changes by skeleton can be determined the residue number deleting or insert, insert or lack 15 or still less residue be preferred, insert or lack 10 or still less residue be preferred, insert or lack 5 or still less residue be most preferred.

In case designed the position and the size of Fc disappearance variant, just can determine fully can make up this polypeptide by methods known in the art by whole peptide sequences.

But Fc insertion variant has design, and at least one is inserted into the additional step of amino acid whose sequence.Expection is inserted polar residues with the site that is exposed in the Fc polypeptide, comprises that Ser, Thr, Asn, Gln, Ala, Gly, His are preferred.Less amino acid comprises that Ser, Thr and Ala are particularly preferred, because the little interaction that seldom can spatially disturb the Fc/Fc binding partners of size.Ser and Thr also have with the Fc binding partners on atom form the ability of hydrogen bond.

Inset also can have the flexibility of increase, and when the combination of wishing the Fc/Fc binding partners is stronger, it will be desirable that the polypeptide of insertion is designed to produce favourable interactional form with the Fc binding partners.Can determine the length of skeleton inset by making up variant skeleton and the general simple model that is inserted into sequence.For example: can make up polyserine, polyglycine or the poly-L-Ala inset of different lengths, and with its modeling.Pass through several different methods, comprise that the homology model that carries out based on the known three-dimensional structure of the homologue that comprises inset makes up, comprises MODELLER (the M.A.Marti-Renom et al.Annu.Rev.Biophys.Biomol.Struct.29 that all is incorporated herein by reference, 291-325,2000) and ROSETTA (Kuhlman et al. (2003) .Science 302,1364-8) computer model makes up can implement modeling process.Usually, beginning produces various bone framework images earlier, determines last skeleton structure then after the identity of determining side chain again.Can pass through PDA  algorithm (US 6,188,965; 6,269,312; 6,403,312; 6,801,861; 6,804,611; 6,792,356,6,950,754 and USSN 09/782,004; 09/927,790; 10/101,499; 10/666,307; 10/666311; 10/218,102, all be incorporated herein by reference) the design side chain.

Can be by the insertion and the disappearance of any polypeptide of methods described herein design except that the Fc polypeptide.For example: the help by means of the APRIL three-dimensional structure can design insertion or disappearance (et al. (2005) J.Biol.Chem.280:7218 all is incorporated herein by reference for DB code 1XU1.pdb, Hymowitz) in TNF superfamily member APRIL.Can design and insert or lack to increase the combination of APRIL to its acceptor TACI.Preferred ring residue as insertion or deletion segment has residue Ser118-Val124, Asp164-Phe167, Pro192-Ala198, Pro221-Lys226.These rings interact and mediate with TACI in the APRIL/TACI mixture and combine.

Integrate variant polypeptides

The IgG variant can be based on the human IgG sequence, so human IgG sequence " basis " sequence that can compare with it as other sequences, and other sequences include but not limited to the sequence from the other biological body, for example the sequence of rodent and primate.The IgG variant also can comprise from other immunoglobulinses, for example the sequence of IgA, IgE, IgD, IgM or the like.Though notice it is processing design IgG variant in a parental generation IgG background, also can be in the second other parental generation IgG background design variable, perhaps with variant " transfer " in the second other parental generation IgG background.Usually, " on an equal basis " or " correspondence based on sequence between the IgGs sequence or structural homology, by determining between first and second IgG " residue can realize this purpose with replacement.Can be directly the aminoacid sequence of the IgG that lists be here compared with the sequence of the 2nd IgG to determine homology.(for example utilizing one or more homology comparison program known in the art, utilize the conserved residues between the species) after the aligned sequences, the residue that is equivalent to special acid in the primary sequence of first IgG variant be can limit, essential insertion and disappearance (avoid by lack arbitrarily and insert eliminate conserved residues) considered in order to keep pairing when wherein comparing.The comparison of conserved residues should be saved 100% this residue from damage.But conserved residues is greater than 75% or be low to moderate 50% pairing and also be enough to limit equal residue.By determining that the structural homology of first and second IgG also can limit equal residue, wherein structural homology is the structure homology of the tertiary structure level of definite IgGs.In this case, after equal residue is defined as comparison, the atomic coordinate of two or more backbone atoms of the special acid residue of parental generation or precursor (N on the N, the CA on the CA, the C on the C and the O on the O) within the zone of 0.13nm, preferred those residues within the zone of 0.1nm.The directed and best model protein in location make the atomic coordinate of non-hydrogen albumen atom occur maximum overlapping after, can realize comparison.Determine equal or corresponding residue in any case, how much identity that no matter produces the parental generation IgG of IgGs is, the meaning that pass on is that the IgG variant of finding can be processed into any second parental generation IgG that has significant sequence or structural homology with the IgG variant.Therefore, if parental generation antibody is human IgG1's a variant antibody by utilizing aforesaid method or other to determine to have produced the method for equal residue wherein, can in conjunction with different antigenic another IgG1 parental generation antibodies, human IgG2's parental generation antibody, people IgA parental generation antibody, small white mouse IgG2a or IgG2b parental generation antibody or the like, process variant antibody so.As mentioned above, the background of parental generation IgG variant does not influence the ability of IgG variant to other parental generations IgGs that shift.

The method of processing, production and screening IgG variant is provided.Described method is not intended to be limited to any concrete application or theory of operation.On the contrary, the method that provides normally is used to illustrate can process, produce and screen one or more IgG variants have the effector functions of optimization with acquisition IgG variant with experimental technique.At the USSN 10/754,296 and the USSN10/672 that all are incorporated herein by reference, the several different methods of design, production and test antibody and protein variant has been described in 280.

The multiple protein engineering method can be used for designing the IgG variant of the effector functions with optimization.In one embodiment, can use the processing method of operating based on structure, available in the method structural information can be used to instruct and replaces, inserts or disappearance.In preferred embodiments, the sieve method of the operation that can use a computer is that basic design is replaced with computer operation calculated energy adaptability wherein.For example, referring to USSN 10/754,296 and USSN 10/672,280, and the reference of wherein quoting, all all are incorporated herein by reference.

Sequence alignment can be used for instructing the replacement in the site of identifying.Those skilled in the art should understand and utilize sequence information can suppress to introduce the potential replacement that is harmful to protein structure.The source of sequence is very extensive, comprises one or more known databases, includes but not limited to Kabat database (Northwestern University); Johnson ﹠amp; Wu, 2001, Nucleic Acids Res.29:205-206; Johnson ﹠amp; Wu, 2000, Nucleic Acids Res.28:214-218), IMGT database (IMGT, the international ImMunoGeneTics information system ; Lefrancet al., 1999, Nucleic Acids Res.27:209-212; Ruiz et al., 2000 Nucleic Acids Res.28:219-221; Lefranc et al., 2001, Nucleic Acids Res.29:207-209; Lefranc et al., 2003, Nucleic Acids Res.31:307-310) and VBASE, all all are incorporated herein by reference.Can be sequence or from kind, include but not limited to that the sequence alignment of the sequence of mammiferous natural generation antibody obtains, editor and/or produce antibody sequence information from any organism.Those skilled in the art should understand and are being administered to man-hour, utilize the human sequence or are that people's sequence further has the lower advantage of immunogenicity basically.Being more general nucleic acid or other databases of albumen database, promptly is not that peculiar other databases of antibody are including, but not limited to SwissProt, GenBank Entrez and EMBL nucleotide sequence database.The sequence of comparison can comprise VH, VL, CH and/or CL sequence.This area known many comparison program and method based on sequence, all these programs and method may be used to carry out sequence alignment.

Perhaps, at random or half random mutagenesis methods can be used for producing amino acid modified in the site wanted.Like this, can select the site at random, perhaps can utilize the rule of oversimplification to produce amino acid change.For example, whole residues can be sported L-Ala, this is called L-Ala scanning.This method can be united use with the more complicated processing design method of the sequence polymorphism of screening higher level with using back-and-forth method.The multiple choices technology can be used for this method, for example comprises technique of display, phage display for example as described below, ribosomal display, cell surface display or the like, and this point this area is known.

The method of producing and screening the IgG variant is well known.Duebel ﹠amp; The Antibody Engineering that Kontermann edits, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 2001; Hayhurst ﹠amp; Georgiou, 2001, Curr Opin Chem Biol 5:683-689; Maynard ﹠amp; Georgiou, 2000, the general method of antibody molecule biology, expression, purifying and screening has been described among the Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2:339-76.In addition referring to the USSN 10/754,296 that all is incorporated herein by reference; USSN10/672,280; The method of describing among the USSN 10/822,231 and 11/124,620.

The preferred variant of the present invention comprises those among Fig. 8.Perhaps, the preferred variant of the present invention comprises those among Fig. 9.In addition or, the preferred variant of the present invention comprises those among Figure 10.The particularly preferred variant of the present invention comprises G385H and N434Y.The most preferred variant of the present invention comprises 257C, 257M, 257L, 257N, 257Y, 279Q, 279Y, 308F and 308Y.

Preparation IgG variant

Can prepare the IgG variant by any method known in the art.In one embodiment, IgG variant sequence is used to produce the nucleic acid of coding member sequence, and if want and they can be cloned in the host cell, express and measure.Utilize well-known method can implement these actually operatings, the Molecular Cloning-A Laboratory Manual that all is incorporated herein by reference, 3rd Ed. (Maniatis, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York, 2001) and Current Protocols in Molecular Biology (John Wiley ﹠amp; Multiple useful method has been described Sons).The nucleic acid of coding IgG variant can be incorporated in the expression vector with expressing protein.But expression vector generally includes functionally and is connected with control or adjusting sequence selective marker, any fusion partner and/or add ons, promptly is placed into the albumen in the functional relationship.By use nucleic acid inducing or cause to cultivate under the felicity condition of protein expression, preferably can produce the IgG variant with the expression of nucleic acids carrier transformed host cells that comprises the IgG variant of encoding.Multiple appropriate host cell be can use, mammalian cell, bacterium, insect cell and yeast included but not limited to.For example: from the ATCC clone catalogue that the U.S. typical case cultivation strain library that is incorporated herein by reference fully obtains, described multiple clone that can be useful.The method that exogenous nucleic acid is inserted in the host cell is well known in this area, and this method changes with the host cell that uses.

In preferred embodiments, purifying or separation IgG variant after expression.Can be with the multiple mode isolated or purified antibody known to the those skilled in the art.The standard method of purification comprises chromatographic technique, electrophoresis, immunity, precipitation, dialysis, filtration, concentrates and the chromatofocusing technology.Multiple native protein known in the art and antibodies, for example bacterioprotein A, G and L, so these albumen can be used for purifying.Usually can realize purifying by concrete fusion partner.For example: if used the GST fusions, just can utilize gsh resin purification albumen,, just can use Ni if used the His label ^{+ 2}Affinity chromatography if used the flag label, just can use the anti-flag antibody of fixed.Total guidance of suitable purification technique is referring to the Antibody Purification:Principlesand Practice that is incorporated herein by reference, 3rd Ed., Scopes, Springer-Verlag, NY, 1994.

Screening IgG variant

Can utilize several different methods, include but not limited to that those use external test, body is interior and screen the IgG variant based on the mensuration of cell and the method for selection technology.Can in screening procedure, use automatization high flux screening technology.Can be by utilizing fusion partner or mark, for example immune labeled, isotopic labeling or small molecules mark, for example fluorescence or colorimetric dyestuff screen.

In preferred embodiments, the functional and/or biophysics characteristic of external test screening IgG variant.In preferred embodiments, screen proteic functional, the ability of catalyzed reaction or for example to its binding affinity of target.Utilize several different methods known in the art, include but not limited to mensuration, AlphaScreen based on FRET (FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer)) and BRET (transfer of noclilucence resonance energy) ^TM(the luminous smooth homogeneous that increases is contiguous to be measured), scintillation proximity analytical method, ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), SPR (surperficial proton resonance has another name called BIACORE ), isothermal titration calorimetry, dsc, gel electrophoresis and comprise that the chromatography of gel-filtration can carry out combination mensuration.These and other method can be utilized some fusion partners or mark.Mensuration can be used and include but not limited to produce look, fluorescence, luminous or isotope-labeled multiple detection method.Utilize several different methods known in the art, can screen proteic biophysics characteristic, for example stability and solubility.Can determine proteic stability by the thermodynamic(al)equilibrium of measuring between folding and the deployed condition.For example: utilize chemical denaturant, heating or pH can launch the IgG variant, utilize to include but not limited to that circular dichroism spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, extinction spectrum, NMR spectroscopy, calorimetry and proteoclastic method can monitor this conversion.Those skilled in the art should be understood that and utilize these and other technology also can monitor kinetic parameter folding and that launch conversion.Utilize method miscellaneous known in the art can quantitatively or determine the solubility of IgG variant and total structural integrity qualitatively.The method that can be used for characterizing IgG variant biophysics characteristic comprises gel electrophoresis, chromatography, for example molecular-exclusion chromatography and reversed-phased high performace liquid chromatographic, mass spectrometry, uv absorption spectra method, fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry, dsc, analytical ultracentrifugation, dynamic light scattering, proteolysis, crosslinked, turbidity measurement, filtration retardance mensuration, immunoassay, fluorescence dye in conjunction with measure, protein staining is measured, microscopy, detects the ELISA aggregation or other are in conjunction with mensuration.Also can use the structural analysis that utilizes X ray crystallization technique and NMR spectroscopy.

Known in the art, a class sieve method comprises the method for selecting favourable member in the storehouse.Here this method is called as " system of selection ", and these methods can be used to screen the IgG variant.When utilizing system of selection screening protein pool, have only those favourable library members, the member who just satisfies some choice criteria can be bred, and separates and/or observation.Should understand because have only only variant to be observed, therefore the storehouse that can screen of this method compares that to measure the storehouse that library member's fitting method can screen one by one big.By any method, technology, covalently or non-covalently connect albumen phenotype and its genotype, the fusion partner that promptly covalently or non-covalently connects protein function and its nucleic acid of coding can be selected.For example, the library member is fused to makes everybody can utilize phage display in the gene III albumen as system of selection.Therefore, select or separate the IgG variant that satisfies some standards, for example the IgG variant that protein targets is had a binding affinity also is to select or separate its nucleic acid of coding.In case separate gene that just can amplification coding Fc variant.Can repeat to allow the separation that is called as elutriation and the amplification procedure of IgG variant favourable in the enrichment storehouse.Adhere to the nucleic acid sequencing of nucleic acid and finally considered gene identification.

Multiple choices method known in the art can be used to screen protein pool.These include but not limited to phage display (Phage display of peptides and proteins:a laboratory manual, Kay etal., 1996, Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1996; Lowman et al., 1991, Biochemistry 30:10832-10838; Smith, 1985, Science 228:1315-1317) and its deriving method, for example selectivity phage-infect (Malmborg et al., 1997, J Mol Biol273:544-551), select infectious phage (Krebber et al., 1997, J Mol Biol268:619-630), eluriate (Benhar et al. with the infectivity that postpones, 2000, J Mol Biol301:893-904), cell surface display (Witrrup, 2001, Curr Opin Biotechnol, 12:395-399), bacterium (Georgiou et al. for example, 1997, Nat Biotechnol 15:29-34; Georgiou et al., 1993, Trends Biotechnol 11:6-10; Lee et al., 2000, NatBiotechnol 18:645-648; Jun et al., 1998, Nat Biotechnol 16:576-80), yeast (Boder ﹠amp; Wittrup, 2000, Methods Enzymol 328:430-44; Boder ﹠amp; Wittrup, 1997, Nat Biotechnol 15:553-557) and mammalian cell (Whitehorn et al., 1995, Bio/technology 13:1215-1219) displaying on, and external display technique (Amstutz et al., 2001, Curr Opin Biotechnol 12:400-405), for example polysome is showed (Mattheakis et al., 1994, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:9022-9026), ribosomal display (Hanes et al., 1997, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:4937-4942), mRNA shows (Roberts ﹠amp; Szostak, 1997, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:12297-12302; Nemoto et al., 1997, FEBS Lett414:405-408) and rrna inactivation display systems (Zhou et al., 2002, J Am Chem Soc 124,538-543).All reference in this section all are incorporated herein by reference.

Other useful systems of selection comprise, do not rely on the method for displaying, method in the body for example, include but not limited to that kytoplasm is expressed and cell counting screening (Chen et al., 2001, Nat Biotechnol19:537-542 all is incorporated herein by reference), complementary (the Johnsson ﹠amp that measures of protein fragments; Varshavsky, 1994, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:10340-10344; Pelletier et al., 1998, Proc NatlAcad Sci USA 95:12141-12146, all be incorporated herein by reference), be used for selection mode (Visintinet al., 1999, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:11723-11728 all is incorporated herein by reference) yeast two-hybrid screening (Fields ﹠amp; Song, 1989, Nature 340:245-246 all is incorporated herein by reference).In selectable embodiment, can be by selecting in conjunction with the fusion partner of the distinguished sequence on the expression vector, so fusion partner can covalently or non-covalently connect the Fc variant library member and their nucleic acid of coding of associating.For example: the USSN 09/642,574 that all is incorporated herein by reference; USSN 10/080,376; USSN 09/792,630; USSN 10/023,208; USSN 09/792,626; USSN 10/082,671; USSN 09/953,351; USSN 10/097,100; USSN 60/366,658; PCT WO 00/22906; PCT WO 01/49058; PCT WO 02/04852; PCT WO02/04853; PCT WO 02/08023; PCT WO 01/28702 and PCT WO 02/07466 have described operable this fusion partner and technology.In selectable embodiment,, so just can carry out selecting in the body if some growths of cell, breeding or survival advantage are given in proteic expression.

A class system of selection that is called " orthogenesis " method is that those comprise mating or the favourable sequence of regenerating during selecting, and integrates the method for new mutant sometimes.Those skilled in the art should understand directed evolution method and can promote the evaluation of favourable sequence in the storehouse, and can increase the diversity of screening sequence.Multiple directed evolution method is known in this area, and they can be used for screening the IgG variant, includes but not limited to that DNA resets (PCT WO 00/42561 A3; PCT WO 01/70947 A3), and exon reorganization (US 6,365, and 377; Kolkman ﹠amp; Stemmer, 2001, Nat Biotechnol19:423-428), (Crameri et al., 1998, Nature 391:288-291 reset in family; US6,376,246), RACHITT ^TM(Coco et al., 2001, Nat Biotechnol 19:354-359; PCTWO 02/06469), STEP zoarium recombinate outward random priming (Zhao et al., 1998, NatBiotechnol 16:258-261; Shao et al., 1998, Nucleic Acids Res 26:681-683), the assortment of genes of exonuclease mediation (US 6,352, and 842; US 6,361, and 974), Gene Site SaturationMutagenesis ^TM(US 6,358,709), Gene Reassembly ^TM(US 6,358,709), SCRATCHY (Lutz et al., 2001, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98:11248-11253), dna break method (Kikuchi et al., Gene 236:159-167), single stranded DNA is reset (Kikuchi et al., 2000, Gene 243:133-137) and AMEsystem ^TMOrthogenesis protein engineering technology (AppliedMolecular Evolution) (US 5,824, and 514; US 5,817, and 483; US 5,814, and 476; US5,763,192; US 5,723, and 323).All reference in this section all are incorporated herein by reference.

In preferred embodiments, utilize one or more based on measuring screening IgG variant in the mensuration of cell or the body.When carrying out this mensuration, need external source to add purifying or unpurified albumen usually, so that cellular exposure is in variant independently or belong to the variant storehouse in storehouse.These are measured normally, but not always based on the IgG function, the IgG function just IgG in conjunction with it target and some biological chemistry incidents of mediation ability, for example effector functions, ligand/receptor are in conjunction with inhibition, apoptosis or the like.This mensuration often relates to the reaction of monitoring cell to IgG, and for example the variation of cell survival rate, necrocytosis, morphocytology aspect or translation activate, for example the cell expressing of natural gene or reporter gene.For example: this mensuration can be measured the ability that the IgG variant causes ADCC, ADCP or CDC.In some are measured, except that target cell, can need to add other cell or component, for example serum complement or effector cell, for example peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBMCs), NK cell, scavenger cell or the like.This other cell can be from any organism, preferably from people, small white mouse, rat, rabbit and monkey.Antibody can cause the clone apoptosis of some expression target, and perhaps they can mediate the immunocyte that has added in the mensuration and attack target cell.The method of monitoring necrocytosis or viablity is known in this area, comprises and utilizes dyestuff, immuno-chemical reagent, cytochemistry reagent and radioreagent.For example: the energy measurement apoptosis is measured in caspase dyeing, and radioactive substrates or fluorescence dye, and for example the absorption of alamar indigo plant or release can make the cell growth or activate monitored.In preferred embodiments, used DELFIA  EuTDA based on cytotoxic assay (Perkin Elmer, MA).Perhaps, by measuring one or more natural intracellular proteins, for example the release of serum lactic dehydrogenase can be monitored the target cell of death or infringement.Transcriptional activation also can be used as the method for measurement function in based on the mensuration of cell.In this case, by natural gene or the albumen that mensuration can be raised, the release of for example measuring some interleukin, perhaps obtaining reading by the report construction can monitoring reaction.Also can relate to based on the mensuration of cell measure cell metamorphosis as the reaction that albumen is existed.The cell type of this mensuration can be protokaryon or eukaryotic cell, can use various kinds of cell known in the art to be.Perhaps, can utilize nucleic acid with the coding variant to transform or cells transfected is implemented screening based on cell.That is to say do not have external source to add the IgG variant in cell.For example: in one embodiment, used cell surface display based on the screening of cell.Can use the fusion partner that can on cell surface, show the IgG variant (Witrrup, 2001, Curr Opin Biotechnol, 12:395-399 is incorporated herein by reference fully).

In preferred embodiments, utilize one or more determination experiments to determine the immunogenicity of IgG variant based on cell.Several method can be used for the tentative affirmation of epi-position.In preferred embodiments, utilize external t cell activation to measure with experimental quantitative immunogenicity.In the method, attack antigen presenting cell with target peptide or intact proteins and from the natural T cell one or many of coupling donor.Then, utilize many methods, for example monitor the production of cytokine or the absorption of measurement tritiated thymidine and can detect t cell activation.In the most preferred embodiment, utilize Elispot to measure the production (Schmittel et.al., 2000, J.Immunol.Meth.24:17-24 all is incorporated herein by reference) of monitoring interferon-gamma.

Can in cell, tissue and the experiment of complete organism, characterize the biological characteristics of IgG variant.For the effect of measuring pharmacological agent disease or disease model or pharmacokinetics, toxicity and other characteristics of measuring medicine, include but not limited to testing drug in the animal of small white mouse, rat, rabbit, dog, cat, pig and monkey through being everlasting, this point this area is known.Animal can be called as disease model.Include but not limited to through being everlasting test therapeutical agent in nude mice, SCID small white mouse, xenotransplantation small white mouse and the transgenosis small white mouse small white mouse of (comprise and knock in and knock out).This experiment can provide valuable data to be used as the potentiality of therapeutical agent to determine albumen.Any organism, preferred mammal can be used to test.For example, because monkey and people's genetic similarity, so monkey can be used as suitable treatment model, is used for effect, toxicity, pharmacokinetics or other characteristics of test I gGs.Therefore approval is tested in human body as medicine ultimate demand, has undoubtedly planned to carry out these experiments.Therefore, can be at human body build-in test IgGs to determine their therapeutic efficiency, toxicity, immunogenicity, pharmacokinetics and/or other clinical characteristics.

The using method of IgG variant

The IgG variant can be used for far-ranging product.In one embodiment, the IgG variant is treatment reagent, diagnostic reagent or research reagent, preferably treats reagent.It is in mono-clonal or the polyclonal antibody compositions that the IgG variant can be used for.In preferred embodiments, the IgG variant can be used for killing the target cell of load target antigen, for example cancer cells.In selectable embodiment, the IgG variant is used to blocking-up, antagonism or disturbs target antigen, for example to antibacterial agent or cytokine receptor.In selectable preferred embodiment, the IgG variant is used to blocking-up, antagonism or disturbs target antigen, and kills the target cell of load target antigen.

The IgG variant can be used for multiple therapeutic purpose.In preferred embodiments, can use the antibody that comprises the IgG variant with the treatment disorder relevant to patient with antibody." patient " that be suitable for this purpose comprises people and other animals, preferred mammal, and optimum is chosen.Here " antibody associated disorders " or " antibody response disorder " or " situation " or " disease " refer to by using the disorder that the pharmaceutical composition that comprises the IgG variant can improve.The antibody associated disorders includes, but are not limited to autoimmune disease, Immunological diseases, infectious diseases, inflammatory diseases, neurological disease, and tumour and true tumor disease, comprises cancer.Here " cancer " and " cancer " refer to or what describes is that common in the Mammals to grow/breed with unconfined cell be the physiological status of feature.The example of cancer comprises, but be not limited to cancer, lymphoma, blastoma, sarcoma (comprising liposarcoma), neuroendocrine tumor, mesothelioma, snow Wang Shi knurl (schwanoma), meningioma, gland cancer, melanoma, and leukemia and lymphoid malignant tumour.

In one embodiment, the IgG variant is the unique therapeutic activity agent that is administered to the people.Perhaps; can with one or more other treatment agent, include but not limited to that cytotoxic activity preparation, chemotherapeutics, cytokine, growth-inhibiting preparation, hormone antagonist preparation, kinase inhibitor, angiogenesis inhibitor preparation, heart protective agent or other treatment agent are in conjunction with using the IgG variant.When using the IgG variant, can one or more other treatment modes of concomitant administration.For example: the IgG variant can be administered to patient with chemotherapy, radiotherapy or chemicotherapy.In one embodiment, can use the IgG variant together with one or more antibody of yes or no IgG variant.According to another embodiment, can use IgG variant and one or more other anticancer therapies at the external treatment cancer cells.Estimate that this external treatment can be useful to bone marrow transplantation, can be particularly useful to autologous bone marrow transplantation.Certainly, should be taken into account this IgG variant still can with the other treatment technology, for example the operation be used in combination.

Multiple other treatment agent can be used for using together with the IgG variant.In one embodiment, use IgG with anti-angiogenic agent.Here " anti-angiogenic agent " of Shi Yonging refers to block or disturb to a certain extent the compound of blood vessel generation.Anti-angiogenesis can be, for example in conjunction with relating to somatomedin or the small molecules or the albumen of growth factor receptors, for example antibody, Fc fusions or the cytokine that promotes that blood vessel takes place.Here preferred anti-angiogenesis is the antibody of combining with vascular endothelial cell somatomedin (VEGF).In selectable embodiment, and induce or strengthen suitable immunoreactive therapeutical agent, for example the antibody of target CTLA-4 is used IgG together.In selectable embodiment, use IgG with tyrosine kinase inhibitor." tyrosine kinase inhibitor " used herein refers to suppress to a certain extent the molecule of the tyrosine kinase activity of Tyrosylprotein kinase.In selectable embodiment, use the IgG variant with cytokine.

The pharmaceutical composition of wherein having prepared IgG variant and one or more therapeutic activity agent is also among considering.By will have want purity IgG with pharmaceutical acceptable carrier, vehicle or stablizer mix (Remington ' s Pharmaceutical Sciences 16th edition arbitrarily, Osol, A.Ed., 1980, all be incorporated herein by reference), can prepare the IgG variant formulations that is used to store of freeze-dried formulation or aqueous solution form.The preparation that is used for vivo medicine-feeding is preferably aseptic.Be easy to realize this purpose by filtering by filtration sterilization film or additive method.Also can prepare IgG variant disclosed herein and other therapeutic activity agent, and/or they are trapped in the microcapsule with the immunoliposome form.

The concentration of therapeutic activity IgG variant is approximately changing between the 0.1-100% by weight in the preparation.In preferred embodiments, IgG concentration is within the scope of 0.003-1.0 mole.In order to treat patient, IgG variant that can the administering therapeutic significant quantity.Here " The treatment significant quantity" the dosage that tells on when referring to use.Accurately dosage depends on therapeutic purpose, and those of ordinary skills utilize known technology can determine accurate dosage.Dosage can change from 0.01-100mg/kg body weight or bigger scope, for example is 0.01,0.1,1.0,10 or the 50mg/kg body weight, and wherein 1-10mg/kg is preferred.The known adjusting proteolytic degradation in this area, the system that compares with local delivery sends, new proteolytic enzyme synthetic speed, and age, body weight, but health, sex, diet, administration time, drug interaction and situation is serious essential substantially, and those skilled in the art can determine this point by normal experiment.

The pharmaceutical composition that comprises the IgG variant, the administration of the pharmaceutical composition of preferred aseptic aqueous solution form can be undertaken by number of ways, includes but not limited to (intraotically), intraocular in oral, subcutaneous, intravenously, parenteral, the ear, rectum, vagina, through skin, part (example gel agent, salve, lotion, emulsifiable paste or the like.), in the intraperitoneal, intramuscular, lung (for example from the commercially available AERx of Aradigm suck technology or from the commercially available Inhance lung of Nektar Therapeutics delivery system) or the like.Can with other treatment concomitant administration therapeutical agent described herein, therapeutical agent promptly described herein can with other treatment or therapeutical agent, comprise that for example small molecules, other biological preparation, radiotherapy, operation or the like are used together.

Embodiment

Following examples illustrate the present invention.These embodiment are limited to any special applications or theory of operation with the present invention unintentionally.All sites of the present invention all is numbered (Kabat et al. according to the EU index among the Kabat, 1991, Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, 5th Ed., United States Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda all is incorporated herein by reference).The those of skill in the art in antibody field should be understood that this regulation is made up of the non-serial number in the concrete zone of immunoglobulin sequences, so can carry out stdn with reference to the conservative site in the immunoglobulin (Ig) family.Therefore, the site of any given immunoglobulin (Ig) of EU index indication is not necessarily corresponding to its ordered sequence.

DNA structure, expression and the purifying of embodiment 1:Fc variant

(Herceptin , variable domain Genentech) makes up the Fc variant to utilize human IgG1 Fc territory and trastuzumab.The Fc polypeptide is the part of alemtuzumab, trastuzumab or AC10.Alemtuzumab (Campath , the registered trademark of Millenium) is Humanized monoclonal antibodies (the Hale et al. that approval at present is used for the treatment of B cell lymphocytic leukemia, 1990, Tissue Antigens 35:118-127 all is incorporated herein by reference).Trastuzumab (Herceptin , the registered trademark of Genentech) is the anti-HER2/neu antibody of treatment metastatic breast cancer.AC10 is a monoclonal antibodies against CD 30.The Herceptin variable region utilizes recurrence PCR to assemble.Then this variable region is cloned in pcDNA3.1/Zeo (+) carrier (Invitrogen) with the human IgG1, sees Figure 11.Plasmid is bred in One Shot TOP10 Bacillus coli cells (Invitrogen), and utilizes Hi-Speed Plasmid Maxi Kit (Qiagen) purifying.Plasmid is through order-checking alleged occurrence clone's inset.

Site-directed mutagenesis utilizes Quikchange ^TMMethod (Stratagene) is carried out.The plasmid that comprises required replacement, insertion and disappearance is bred in One Shot TOP10 Bacillus coli cells (Invitrogen), and utilizes Hi-Speed Plasmid Maxi Kit (Qiagen) purifying.Dna sequencing confirms the fidelity of reproduction of sequence.

To contain the plasmid of heavy chain gene (VH-C γ 1-C γ 2-C γ 3) (wild-type or variant) and contain the plasmid co-transfection of light chain gene (VL-Ck) in the 293T cell.After the transfection 5 days, the results substratum utilizes albumin A affinity chromatography (Pierce) antibody purification from supernatant liquor.(BCA) measure (Pierce) by dicinchonine acid (bicinchoninicacid) and determine antibody concentration.

Embodiment 2: binding affinity is measured

Measure of the combination of mensuration Fc polypeptide with surperficial proton resonance to the Fc part.Utilizing BIAcore 3000 instruments (BIAcore AB) to implement surperficial proton resonance (SPR) measures.(PierceBiotechnology, Rockford IL) catch wild-type or variant antibody, and measure the combination to the receptor assay thing to utilize solid phase albumen L.Utilize N-hydroxy-succinamide/N-ethyl-N '-(3-dimethylamino-propyl group) carbodiimide (NHS/EDC) of 5ul/min flow velocity on the CM5 sensor chip, the albumen L that will be present in concentration in the 10mM sodium-acetate of pH4.5 and be 1uM is covalently bound to the CM5 sensor chip.Simulate the wandering cells 1 of (mock) each sensor chip as the bonded negative control with NHS/EDC.Used damping fluid be 0.01M HEPES pH7.4,0.15M NaCl, 3mM EDTA, 0.005%v/v tensio-active agent P20 (HBS-EP, Biacore, Uppsala, Sweden), chip regeneration damping fluid is 10mM glycine-HCl pH1.5.With 125nM wild-type or variant trastuzumab with the albumen L CM5 chips incorporate among flow velocity 1ul/min and the HBS-EP 5 minutes.Be infused in 1 and 250nM between the FcRn-His-GST analyte (FcRn and His label merge glutathione s-transferase with) of serial dilution, in HBS-EP,, dissociated flow velocity 10ul/min 10 minutes in conjunction with 20 minutes.In injection 1200 seconds after the acceptor, the nearly stable state bonded of reflection that obtains by resonance units (RU) metering reacts.The circulation of carrying out with antibody and damping fluid only provides baseline response.Produce the graphic representation of RU, and utilize GraphPad Prism to carry out non-linear regression, it is adjusted into the sigmoid curve dose response 1/log concentration.

The Fc polypeptide also utilizes AlphaScreen to the combination of Fc part ^TM(amplification luminescent proximity homogeneous is measured Amplified Luminescent Proximity Homogeneous Assay) determined.AlphaScreen ^TMThe non-radioactive luminescent proximity that is based on pearl is measured.Donor bead inspires laser, thereby excites oxygen, when oxygen when acceptor bead is enough near, produce a succession of chemoluminescence incident, finally cause emitting fluorescence at 520-620nm.AlphaScreen ^TMMajor advantage be its susceptibility.Because a donor bead per second emission reaches 60,000 excited oxygen molecules, signal amplification degree is very high, and it allows to detect and is low to moderate atropic mole (attomolar, 10 ^-18) level.Wild-type antibody is by the standard method biotinylation, and with adhesion chain avidin donor bead, the Fc part of mark (for example FcRn) is connected with the acceptor bead of chelating gsh.Use AlphaScreen ^TMIn conjunction with measuring, wherein the interaction of Fc/Fc part is taken donor and acceptor bead together to as direct.In addition, use AlphaScreen ^TMAs competition assay, screen designed Fc polypeptide.When lacking state of conflict Fc polypeptide, wild-type antibody and FcRn interact, and produce signal at 520-620nm.Unlabelled Fc territory competition wild-type Fc/FcRn interacts, and fluorescence is weakened greatly, thereby can determine RA.

The FcRn binding characteristic of embodiment 3:Fc variant

IgG1 Fc is to binding affinity variant antibody and the AlphaScreen of FcRn ^TMMeasure.The Fc polypeptide is the part of alemtuzumab, trastuzumab.(Campath  Ilex) is the Humanized monoclonal antibodies that is used for the treatment of B cell lymphocytic leukemia of approval at present (Hale et al., 1990, Tissue Antigens 35:118-127 all is incorporated herein by reference) to alemtuzumab.(Herceptin  Genentech) is the anti-HER2/neu antibody of treatment metastatic breast cancer to trastuzumab.

Collect competitive AlphaScreen ^TMData when measuring pH6.0, the relative combination that the Fc variant is compared with wild-type antibody.AlphaScreen ^TMSignal is seen Figure 12 with respect to the example of the function of state of conflict antibody.Show 12 variant curves among the figure, wherein the curve table of P257L, P257N, V279E, V279Q, V279Y, ^281S, E283F, V284E, L306Y T307V, V308F and Q311V reveals the avidity of increase, and each variant curve moves on to wild-type curve left side in its frame.The competition AphaScreen of Fc variant of the present invention ^TMData are summarised in Figure 13 and 14.The relative FcRn that variant is compared with wild-type is in conjunction with tabulating.Value shows greater than 1, compares with wild-type, and the Fc variant strengthens the combination of FcRn.For example: the combination of variant E283L and V284E is strong 9.5 times and 26 times than wild-type respectively.Cough up variant more and measure the combination increase that also shows FcRn, see Figure 15 and 16 through surperficial proton resonance.

In the site 257, all variants of removing imino-acid, proline(Pro) and will be not replacing to side chain covalent linkage gained with the amino acid of skeleton N all make the skeleton flexibility stronger, can allow the Fc territory freer so that better in conjunction with FcRn like this.Especially, site 257 becomes the variant that obtains behind L and the N and have intensive FcRn combination when pH 6, and it is valuable that this shows that the γ branch form of four atom side chains and this side chain can help the Fc territory to produce, and promptly intensive FcRn interacts.Site 308 interacts with site 257.These two sites successively with participate in the interactional H310 of Fc/FcRn interact (table 2, Burmeister et al (1994) Nature 372:379-383 all is incorporated herein by reference) directly.With respect to wild-type, the FcRn avidity of Fc variant V308F and V08Y increases by 2.9 times and 4.3 times.Site 279 and 385 and FcRn interact interact because variant V279E, V279Q and V279Y and G385H and G385N all have stronger FcRn.These variants have all replaced to and can carry out the amino acid that hydrogen bond connects.

Fc variant N434Y combination to FcRn when pH6.0 is strong especially, sees Figure 13.The combination of single variant N434Y increases by 16 times.This variant is united with other modifications and is caused stronger combining.For example: the FcRn of P257L/N434Y, ^281S/N434Y and V308F/N434Y is in conjunction with increasing by 830 times, 180 times and 350 times.

Embodiment 4: integrate the variant that inserts and lack

Make up the insertion and the disappearance that change the Fc/FcRn interaction strength, and measure their binding characteristics various Fc parts.Design a kind of Fc variant, it inserts the Ser residue between residue 281 and 282 (pressing the EU numbering of Kabat etc.), to increase the FcRn binding characteristic in Fc territory.This variant claims ^281S, and the insertion behind the site is specified in " ^ " expression.Provide insertion sequence after the numbering of site, it can surpass a residue.Utilize methods described herein, at κ IgG1 antibody trastuzumab (Herceptin , Genetech) middle this Fc variant that makes up.Between residue 281 and 282, insert, make the Fc ring residue of residue 281C end shift to this ring C-terminal, and changed the position of this side chain.Some Fc variants 282,283 and 284 comprise replacement in the site, and they show that the displacement of this ring C-terminal is useful (referring to Figure 14).Other has made up a N286 disappearance variant (also claiming N286#), to change the position of this FcRn coupling collar.When pH6.0, these two variants all demonstrate increase to the binding affinity of FcRn.

The AlphaScreenTM data presentation the combination of ^281S variant and other variants to FcRn.Collect the AlphaScreenTM data as directly combination mensuration.The chemiluminescence signal of higher level shows stronger combination.Because the concentration of variant has improved in measuring, therefore produced stronger signal.These data among Figure 17 a and the 17b during pH 6.0 show that with respect to wild-type Fc, the avidity of ^281S, P257L, P257L/^281S (replacement/insertion combinatory variants) and other variants increases.Other has a kind of dual replacement T250Q/M428L, and former reports, it has the serum half-life (Hinton et al., 2004, J.Biol.Chem.279 (8): 6213-6216 is incorporated herein by reference in full) of prolongation in the monkey body.Independent ^281S inserts has increased the Fc/FcRn combination.In addition, shown in the data point of～40nM, when two of combinations in variant P257L/^281S were modified, ^281S had further strengthened the combination of P257L.Data among Figure 17 c show that these variants do not show that when pH7.0 FcRn is in conjunction with increase.The avidity that reduces during pH7.0 is that the interior transformation period of extension body is desirable, because its allows Fc polypeptide to be discharged into the ECS from FcRn, this is the important step in the Fc recirculation.

Surface proton resonance experiment shows that also ^281S is modified the combination of FcRn.Figure 18 has shown the response units that produces when various Fc variants combine with chip surface FcRn.After variant was attached on the chip fully, recording responses unit also was presented at it on ordinate zou.^281S inserts and demonstrates and the suitable binding characteristic of other variants described herein, promptly than wild-type, to the avidity increase (for example referring to Figure 13,14 and 15) of FcRn.

Disappearance variant N286# comprises the disappearance of N286, and it also demonstrates the FcRn avidity of increase with respect to wild-type.As shown in figure 13, the FcRn avidity of this variant increases by 2.0 times.When data wherein also are pH6.0 from AlphaScreen as competitive assay ^TMThe data of collecting.Suppress the combination of wild-type Fc with the FcRn that is connected acceptor bead of connection donor bead with these variants.The combination that suppresses the donor/acceptor pearl by the Fc/FcRn mixture needs specific ionization wild-type Fc to lack the free N286# of twice.This shows that N286# is stronger 2 times than the combination of wild-type.

Comprise the reduction of other Fc variants of insertion or disappearance to FcRn avidity.Insertion variant ^254N reduces greatly to the combination of FcRn, and this can anticipate from the character and the location of this variant.This variant inserts Asn in the mid-way of FcRn coupling collar.This inset only has 1.1% (Figure 13) of the binding affinity of wild-type.

The aforesaid specific embodiment of the present invention is for the explanation that makes an explanation, and those skilled in the art should understand and do not break away from the described the present invention of additional requirement and can implement numerous variation to details.Here reference of quoting all are incorporated herein by reference.

Claims (27)

1. the Fc variant of parental generation polypeptide, its Fc district at described parental generation polypeptide comprises at least one modification, compares with the parental generation polypeptide, and described misfolded proteins demonstrates change to the combination of FcRn, and described Fc variant comprises at least one and is selected from by 246H, 246S, 247D, 247T, 248H, 248P, 248Q, 248R, 248Y, 249T, 249W, 251D, 251E, 251H, 251I, 251K, 251M, 251N, 251T, 251V, 251Y, 252F, 252L, 253L, 253T, 253V, 254H, 254L, 254N, 254T, 254V, ^254N, 255E, 255F, 255H, 255K, 255S, 255V, 256E, 256H, 256V, 257A, 257C, 257D, 257E, 257F, 257G, 257H, 257I, 257K, 257L, 257M, 257N, 257Q, 257R, 257S, 257T, 257V, 257W, 257Y, 258R, 258V, 279A, 279C, 279D, 279F, 279G, 279H, 279I, 279K, 279L, 279M, 279N, 279P, 279Q, 279R, 279S, 279T, 279W, 279Y, 280E, 280H, ^281A, ^281D, ^281S, ^281T, 282D, 282F, 282H, 282I, 282T, 283F, 283I, 283L, 283Y, 284H, 284K, 284P, 284Q, 284R, 284S, 284Y, 285S, 285V, 286#, 286L, 287H, 287S, 287V, 287Y, 288H, 288Q, 288R, 288S, 305H, 305T, 306F, 306H, 306I, 306N, 306T, 306V, 306Y, 307D, 307V, 307Y, 308A, 308C, 308D, 308E, 308F, 308G, 308H, 308I, 308K, 308L, 308M, 308N, 308P, 308Q, 308R, 308S, 308T, 308W, 308Y, 309F, 309H, 309I, 309N, 309P, 309Q, 309V, 309Y, 310K, 310N, 310T, 311H, 311L, 311S, 311T, 311V, 311W, 312H, 313Y, 315E, 315G, 315H, 315Q, 315S, 315T, 317H, 317S, 339P, 340P, 341S, 374H, 374S, 376H, 376L, 378H, 378N, 380T, 380Y, 382H, 383H, 383K, 383Q, 384E, 384G, 384H, 385A, 385C, 385D, 385E, 385F, 385H, 385I, 385K, 385L, 385M, 385N, 385P, 385Q, 385R, 385S, 385T, 385V, 385W, 385Y, 386E, 386H, 386K, 387#, 387A, 387H, 387K, 387Q, 389E, 389H, 426E, 426H, 426L, 426N, 426R, 426V, 426Y, 427I, 429D, 429F, 429K, 429N, 429Q, 429S, 429T, 429Y, 430D, 430H, 430K, 430L, 430Q, 430Y, 431G, 431H, 431I, 431P, 431S, 432F, 432H, 432N, 432S, 432V, 433E, 433N, 433P, 433R, 433S, 434H, 434Q, 434S, 434Y, 435N, 436E, 436F, 436H, 436L, 436Q, 436V, 436W, 437E, 437V, 438E, the modification of the group that 438H and 438K form wherein is numbered with reference to the EU index, and ^ is illustrated in the insertion behind the specified location, and # represents the disappearance of specified location.

2. according to the Fc variant of claim 1, wherein said Fc variant comprises at least one and is selected from by 246H 246S, 247D, 247T, 248H, 248P, 248Q, 248R, 248Y, 249T, 249W, 251D, 251E, 251H, 251I, 251K, 251M, 251N, 251T, 251V, 251Y, 252L, 253L, 253T, 253V, 254H, 254L, 254N, 254V, ^254N, 255E, 255F, 255H, 255K, 255S, 255V, 256H, 256V, 257A, 257C, 257D, 257E, 257F, 257G, 257H, 257I, 257K, 257L, 257M, 257N, 257Q, 257R, 257S, 257T, 257V, 257W, 257Y, 258R, 258V, 279A, 279C, 279D, 279F, 279G, 279H, 279I, 279K, 279M, 279N, 279P, 279Q, 279R, 279S, 279T, 279W, 279Y, 280H, ^281A, ^281D, ^281S, ^281T, 282D, 282F, 282H, 282I, 282T, 283F, 283I, 283L, 283Y, 284H, 284K, 284P, 284Q, 284R, 284S, 284Y, 285S, 285V, 286#, 286L, 287H, 287S, 287V, 287Y, 288H, 288Q, 288S, 305H, 305T, 306F, 306H, 306I, 306N, 306T, 306V, 306Y, 307D, 307V, 307Y, 308C, 308E, 308F, 308G, 308H, 308I, 308K, 308L, 308M, 308N, 308P, 308Q, 308R, 308S, 308W, 308Y, 309F, 309H, 309N, 309Q, 309V, 309Y, 310K, 310N, 310T, 311L, 311T, 311V, 311W, 312H, 313Y, 315E, 315G, 315H, 315Q, 315S, 315T, 317H, 317S, 339P, 340P, 341S, 374H, 374S, 376H, 376L, 378H, 378N, 380T, 380Y, 382H, 383H, 383K, 383Q, 384E, 384G, 384H, 385A, 385C, 385F, 385H, 385I, 385K, 385L, 385M, 385N, 385P, 385Q, 385S, 385T, 385V, 385W, 385Y, 386E, 386H, 386K, 387#, 387A, 387H, 387K, 387Q, 389E, 389H, 426E, 426H, 426L, 426N, 426R, 426V, 426Y, 427I, 429D, 429F, 429K, 429N, 429Q, 429S, 429T, 429Y, 430D, 430H, 430K, 430L, 430Q, 430Y, 431G, 431H, 431I, 431P, 431S, 432F, 432H, 432N, 432S, 432V, 433E, 433N, 433P, 433S, 434H, 434Q, 434S, 435N, 436E, 436F, 436L, 436V, 436W, 437E, 437V, the modification of the group that 438H and 438K form.

3. according to the Fc variant of claim 2, wherein said Fc variant comprises at least one and is selected from by 246H 246S, 247D, 247T, 248P, 248Q, 248Y, 249T, 249W, 251D, 251E, 251H, 251I, 251T, 251V, 252L, 253L, 253T, 253V, 254H, 254L, 254N, 254V, ^254N, 255E, 255H, 255K, 255V, 256H, 256V, 257A, 257C, 257F, 257G, 257I, 257L, 257M, 257N, 257Q, 257S, 257T, 257V, 257W, 257Y, 258V, 279A, 279C, 279F, 279I, 279P, 279S, 279T, 279W, 279Y, ^281A, ^281D, ^281S, ^281T, 282F, 282I, 282T, 283F, 283I, 283L, 283Y, 284P, 285V, 286#, 286L, 287V, 288Q, 288S, 305T, 306F, 306H, 306I, 306N, 306T, 306V, 306Y, 307V, 308C, 308F, 308G, 308L, 308M, 308N, 308P, 308Q, 308S, 308W, 308Y, 309F, 309N, 309Q, 309V, 309Y, 310T, 311L, 311T, 311V, 311W, 313Y, 315G, 315Q, 315S, 315T, 339P, 340P, 341S, 374H, 374S, 376L, 378H, 378N, 380T, 380Y, 382H, 383Q, 384E, 384G, 384H, 385A, 385C, 385F, 385I, 385L, 385M, 385N, 385P, 385Q, 385S, 385T, 385V, 385W, 385Y, 386E, 386H, 386K, 387#, 387A, 387H, 387K, 387Q, 389H, 426L, 426N, 426V, 426Y, 427I, 429D, 429F, 429K, 429N, 429Q, 429S, 429T, 429Y, 430L, 431G, 431I, 431P, 431S, 432F, 432H, 432V, 433E, 433N, 433P, 433S, 434H, 434Q, 434S, 435N, 436F, 436L, 436V, 436W, the modification of the group that 437E and 437V form.

4. according to the Fc variant of claim 1, wherein said Fc variant comprises at least one and is selected from by 257C, 257M, 257L, 257N, 257Y, 279Q, 279Y, the replacement of the group that 308F and 308Y form.

5. according to the Fc variant of claim 1, wherein said Fc variant comprises G385H or N434Y.

According to the Fc variant of claim 3 or 4, wherein said Fc variant comprises at least two modifications in the Fc district of described parental generation polypeptide.

6. according to the Fc variant of claim 3 or 4, wherein said Fc variant further comprises at least one and is selected from by 248D, 248E, 248K, 249H, 249K, 249R, 250A, 250C, 250D, 250E, 250F, 250G, 250H, 2501,250K, 250L, 250M, 250N, 250P, 250Q, 250R, 250S, 250V, 250W, 250Y, 251C, 251G, 251L, 251Q, 251S, 252A, 252C, 252G, 252N, 252Q, 252S, 252T, 252V, 252W, 252Y, 253A, 254A, 254S, 255C, 255G, 255N, 255Q, 255R, 255S, 255T, 255Y, 256A, 256D, 256F, 256K, 256Q, 256R, 256S, 256T, 258C, 258D, 258E, 258G, 258H, 258K, 258N, 258Q, 258S, 258T, 258Y, 277A, 277C, 277D, 277E, 277F, 277G, 277H, 277I, 277K, 277L, 277M, 277N, 277P, 277Q, 277R, 277S, 277T, 277V, 277W, 277Y, 279E, 279R, 280K, 280R, 281D, 281E, 281H, 281K, 281Q, 281R, 282E, 282K, 282R, 284C, 284D, 284E, 284G, 284N, 284T, 285A, 285C, 285D, 285G, 285H, 285N, 285Q, 285R, 285T, 285Y, 286E, 286M, 286T, 287C, 287D, 287E, 287G, 287H, 287K, 287N, 287Q, 288D, 288E, 288H, 288K, 288R, 287R, 287S, 287T, 288A, 288C, 288D, 288E, 288F, 288G, 288H, 288K, 288L, 288M, 288N, 288P, 288T, 288V, 288W, 288Y, 304C, 305A, 305C, 305D, 305E, 305G, 305K, 305N, 305Q, 305R, 305S, 305Y, 306A, 306C, 306D, 306E, 306G, 306K, 306L, 306M, 306N, 306P, 306Q 306R, 306R, 306S, 306T, 306V, 306W, 306Y, 309D, 309E, 309K, 309R, 310A, 310C, 310D, 310E, 310G, 310H, 311A, 311K, 311R, 312A, 312C, 312D, 312G, 312K, 312N, 312Q, 312R, 312S, 312T, 312Y, 313D, 313E, 313H, 313K, 313R, 314A, 314C, 314D, 314E, 314F, 314G, 314H, 314I, 314L, 314M, 314N, 314P, 314Q, 314R, 314S, 314T, 314V, 314W, 314Y, 315D, 315K, 315R, 316H, 316K, 316R, 317A, 317C, 317D, 317E, 317G, 317K, 317N, 317Q, 317R, 317T, 317Y, 340D, 340E, 340H, 340K, 340R, 343C, 343D, 343E, 343G, 343H, 343K, 343N, 343Q, 343R, 343S, 343T, 343Y, 344L, 345C, 345D, 345E, 345G, 345H, 345K, 345N, 345Q, 345R, 345S, 345T, 345Y, 360A, 362A, 376C, 376D, 376E, 376G, 376K, 376N, 376Q, 376R, 376S, 376T, 376Y, 378S, 380A, 382A, 383D, 383E, 383R, 386P, 386T, 387P, 387R, 389D, 389N, 389P, 389S, 415A, 424A, 424D, 424E, 424H, 424K, 424R, 426D, 426K, 428A, 428C, 428D, 428E, 428F, 428G, 428H, 428I, 428K, 428L, 428M, 428N, 428P, 428Q, 428R, 428S, 428T, 428V, 428W, 428Y, 430C, 430E, 430G, 430N, 430R, 430S, 430T, 431D, 431E, 431K, 431R, 432C, 432G, 432Q, 432T, 432Y, 433A, 433K, 434A, 434F, 434K, 434L, 434R, 435A, 436A, 436D, 436R, 436T, 436Y, 438D, the replacement of the group that 438E and 438R form.

7. the Fc variant of parental generation polypeptide, its Fc district at described parental generation polypeptide comprises at least one modification, compares with described parental generation polypeptide, and described misfolded proteins demonstrates change to the combination of FcRn, and described at least one modification comprises and inserting or disappearance.

8. according to the Fc variant of claim 7, wherein said modification shows increases the combination of FcRn.

9. according to the Fc variant of claim 7, wherein said modification is to insert.

10. according to the Fc variant of claim 9, wherein said insertion is arranged in ring.

11. according to the Fc variant of claim 9, wherein said insertion is positioned at after site 254 or 281.

12. according to the Fc variant of claim 11, wherein said insertion is ^281S.

13. according to the Fc variant of claim 7, wherein said modification is a disappearance, collateral condition is not lack at the site of isotype IgG1 G236.

14. according to the Fc variant of claim 13, wherein at least one described disappearance occurs in the ring.

15. according to the Fc variant of claim 14, wherein at least one described disappearance is the disappearance of site 286 or 387.

16. the Fc variant of parental generation polypeptide, its Fc district at described parental generation polypeptide comprises at least one modification, compares with described parental generation polypeptide, and described misfolded proteins demonstrates change to the combination of FcRn and Fc γ R.

17. according to the Fc variant of claim 16, wherein said Fc variant comprise in the Fc district of described parental generation Fc polypeptide at least two amino acid modified.

18. according to the Fc variant of claim 16, wherein said Fc variant comprise in the Fc district of described parental generation Fc polypeptide at least three amino acid modified.

19. according to the Fc variant of claim 16, wherein said Fc variant comprise in the Fc district of described parental generation Fc polypeptide at least four amino acid modified.

20. according to the Fc variant of claim 16, wherein compare with described parental generation polypeptide, described Fc variant demonstrates the combination of FcRn and increases.

21. according to the Fc variant of claim 16, wherein compare with described parental generation polypeptide, described Fc variant demonstrates reduction to the combination of FcRn.

22. according to the Fc variant of claim 16, wherein compare with described parental generation polypeptide, described Fc variant demonstrates the combination of Fc γ R and increases.

23. according to the Fc variant of claim 16, wherein said Fc variant demonstrates the combination of Fc γ R and FcRn and increases.

24. according to the Fc variant of claim 16, wherein said Fc variant demonstrates reduction to the combination of Fc γ R and FcRn.

25. according to the Fc variant of claim 16, wherein said Fc variant demonstrates reduction to the combination of Fc γ R, the combination of FcRn is demonstrated increase.

26. according to the Fc variant of claim 16, wherein said Fc variant demonstrates the combination of Fc γ R and increases, and the combination of FcRn is demonstrated reduction.

27. the Fc variant of parental generation polypeptide, its Fc district at described parental generation polypeptide comprises that at least one is amino acid modified, compare with described parental generation polypeptide, described Fc variant demonstrates change to the combination of FcRn, and described Fc variant is included in the polypeptide that is specific to target molecule, and described target molecule is to select the group that expressed proteins is formed on cytokine, the soluble proteins factor and cancer cells.

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