CN101096743A - Super-thick non-hardening plastic mold steel and method for manufacturing the same - Google Patents
Super-thick non-hardening plastic mold steel and method for manufacturing the same Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hyper-thick non-modified plastic die steel, which comprises the following parts: 0.20-0.32% C , 0.20-0.80% Si , 1.80-2.50% Mn, 0.80-1.50% Cr, 0.20-0.60% Mo, 0.08-0.20% V, 0.0010-0.0030% B, 0.02-0.06% Ti , not more than 0.035% P, not more than 0.035% S, ferric and inevitable impurity, wherein the structure condition is bainite. The invention ensures the hardness HRC30-36 of bainite structure and pre-hardening plastic die steel, which controls the cooling speed after forging with thickness over 300mm.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the production method of metallurgy industry die steel, refer in particular to the manufacture method of large plastic mould tool steel moald-cavity.
Background technology
Mould of plastics is the important process equipment of plastics forming processing industry, accounts for first of the mould industry gross output value.Because its material usage is big, kind, specification are many, have formed special-purpose plastic die steel.The direction of mould of plastics forward high precision, many types of chamber, maximization develops at present, the mold cavity complexity, and the requirement on machining accuracy height, therefore high-quality mould of plastics all adopts the plastic die steel of pre-hardening state.So-called pre-hardened plastic mold steel is meant the module after the hot-work is carried out modifier treatment in advance, handle by quench treatment and high tempering, acquisition tempered sorbite tissue, reach the durometer level of the desired hardness HRC30 of plastic die steel～36, carry out die sinking processing again, treating does not need to carry out final thermal treatment behind the die forming again, thereby can avoid the die deformation and the crack problem that cause owing to final thermal treatment.Representing steel grade is P20 and 718.
Though pre-hardened plastic mold steel has above-mentioned advantage, also there are quenching crack susceptibility height, production cost height, long shortcoming of manufacturing cycle.Carbon content is 0.34～0.42% in P20 and 718 steel, also contains alloying elements such as a certain amount of Cr, Mn, Ni, Mo in addition, and carbon content and carbon equivalent are all higher.Because steel ingot exists choosing to divide crystalline polamer in process of setting, cause each position of steel ingot to produce composition deviation, i.e. composition segregation.Especially in steel ingot heart portion, be the positive segregation district of carbon in the steel, promptly the carbon content of position, steel ingot middle and upper part heart portion is higher than the carbon content at other position.Therefore steel ingot positive segregation district carbon content is inevitable causes quenching crack susceptibility very high greater than 0.34%, the improper cracking phenomena that then easily produces of quenching and cooling method control; The especially heavy in section plastic die steel of pre-hardened plastic mold steel, hardening capacity there is very high requirement, typical case steel grade P20 and 718 is exactly by interpolation Cr, Mn, reaches the alloying element that noble metal Ni, Mo etc. improve hardening capacity, thereby reaches the purpose that improves hardening capacity.But adding precious metal alloys elements such as Ni, Mo but causes the manufacturing cost of die steel to raise; The pre-hardening of plastic die steel has not only increased manufacturing cost, but also makes the manufacturing cycle lengthening of such die steel.
Adopting non-hardened and tempered steel to replace modifier treatment is a solution that well overcomes the above-mentioned shortcoming of pre-hardened plastic mold steel.So-called non-hardened and tempered steel is by adopting principal elements such as Cr, Mn, Mo to carry out alloying, improve hardening capacity, and add micro alloying elements such as micro-V, Ti, N and carry out precipitation strength and refined crystalline strengthening, make steel air cooling behind forging rolling can obtain the getable performance of modifier treatment.Non-hardened and tempered steel is comparatively extensive in the application of automobile component field at present, and the fertile specification of non-hardened and tempered steel also only limits to hot rolling material and small dimension is forged material.The application of non-hardened and tempered steel aspect plastic die steel also obtained certain progress, for example publication number be CN1224769 patent disclosure a kind of manufacture method of microalloyed plastic-mould steel, chemical ingredients is: 0.20～0.30%C, 0.10～0.60%Si, 1.70～2.50%Mn, 0.035～0.08%P, 0.01～0.04%S, 0.20～0.50%Mo, 0.05～0.20%V, 0.0005～0.0050%B, 0.0005～0.010%Ca etc. are the bainite type non-hardened and tempered steel.Though this steel add P, S, etc. free cutting alloy element and handle by C calcium and to improve cutting ability, reduced impact property, about U type notch shock merit 10J.This working of an invention only rests on section thickness＜300mm flat hot rolled bar product.Though this invention is mentioned and can be extrapolated maximum ga(u)ge by the thermal modeling test data and can accomplish 450mm, but do not indicate width and can what be accomplished, under the situation of same cross-sectional thickness, the speed of cooling in centre reduces with the increase of cross-sectional width, hardening capacity reduces, if will satisfy thickness is the module that 450mm, width surpass 450mm, be the higher hardening capacity of non-modifier treatment needs of the net thickness module that surpasses 450mm, so the foregoing invention patent can't satisfy the non-modified demand of super thick cross section plastic die steel.Hot charging annealed technology also can't be accomplished after non-in addition modified module adopted conventional forging.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to develop a kind of super-thick non-hardening plastic mold steel and manufacture method thereof, to overcome pre-hardening plastic die steel manufacturing cost height, manufacturing cycle is long, high and the existing little shortcoming of non-quenching and tempering plastic mold steel roll forming thickness of quenching crack susceptibility, guarantee that large section die steel can obtain bainite structure and pre-hardening plastic die steel and require hardness HRC30～36 that reach, and adopt forged mode to carry out heat processing and forming, speed of cooling after control is forged has realized that thickness surpasses non-modifiedization of the super thick plastic die steel of 300mm.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is, super-thick non-hardening plastic mold steel, its composition quality per-cent be,
C 0.20～0.32
Si 0.20～0.80
Mn 1.80～2.50
Cr 0.80～1.50
Mo 0.20～0.60
V 0.08～0.20
B 0.0010～0.0030
Ti 0.02～0.06
P ≤0.035
S ≤0.035
Yu Tie and inevitable impurity;
Its structural state is a bainite.
The manufacture method of super-thick non-hardening plastic mold steel of the present invention, it comprises the steps,
4) smelt, be cast into steel ingot by mentioned component;
5) forge, the Forge Heating temperature is 1150～1200 ℃, is incubated to carry out pressing tongs operation after 2～4 hours, returns the stove heat tracing then and carries out jumping-up and pulling operation after 2～3 hours, stops to forge between 850～950 ℃;
6) module is forged after wind and is chilled to room temperature, carries out the temper between 500～650 ℃ then, adjusts hardness, eliminates and forges the internal stress that produces in the postcooling process, prevents that mould from producing distortion and cracking in the course of processing.
Composition of the present invention designs based on following principle:
C:0.20～0.32%, C are to improve the hardness of steel and intensity effective elements the most, and the solution strengthening effect is remarkable, are the requisite elements that guarantees can to reach the hardness that the pre-hardening plastic die steel can reach under non-quality adjustment condition.But the C too high levels then reduces the bainite transformation temperature, is unfavorable for the formation of bainite.
Si:0.20～0.80%, containing a spot of Si in the steel has desoxydatoin preferably, but the Si too high levels then reduces the welding and the machinability of steel.
Mn:1.80～2.50%, Mn are the alloying elements of postponing perlitic transformation strongly, help the formation of bainite, and improve intensity, but the Mn too high levels has the tendency that makes the crystalline grain of steel alligatoring.
Cr:0.80～1.50%, Cr also are the alloying elements of postponing perlitic transformation strongly, and Cr, Mn add simultaneously, and effect is more obvious, more help the formation of Bei Shiti.But the Cr too high levels then reduces the bainite transformation temperature.
Mo:0.20～0.60%, Mo has the effect of strongly inhibited austenite to perlitic transformation, only under the situation of solid solution in austenite such effect is arranged, so Mo content is unsuitable too high, otherwise will form carbide, reduce the effect of austenite that suppress to perlitic transformation.Mo adds in the steel with the effect of the temper brittleness that reduces steel usually, and the present invention adds being intended that of Alloy Elements Mo and suppresses austenite to pearlitic transformation, and the effect that the Alloy Elements Mo of knowing together reduces the temper brittleness of steel is different.
V:0.08～0.20%, V can form very tiny carbide in steel, play the effect of strengthening matrix, have the effect of organizing austenite crystal to grow up strongly simultaneously.V also has the effect of certain postponement austenite to perlitic transformation.
B:0.0010～0.0030%, the B (0.001%) that contains trace in the steel can obviously improve the hardening capacity of steel, and the proeutectoid ferrite of postponing steel strongly changes, and is effective to the steel of low-carbon (LC) and middle carbon content, little to high-carbon and hypereutectoid steel effect.B content surpasses 0.005%, will form carbide, to improving hardening capacity useful effect takes place no longer.
Ti:0.02～0.06%, because the avidity of Ti and nitrogen, oxygen is than B height, therefore for increasing the effective boron in the steel, should add a certain amount of Ti in the steel, form TiN prior to B, avoid forming BN, give full play to the effect that B improves hardening capacity, the TiN of Xing Chenging plays the pinning effect and hinders austenite crystal and grow up at the crystal boundary place simultaneously, improves toughness.
Among the present invention, Alloy Elements Mo strongly inhibited austenite is to pearlitic transformation, the transformation of alloying element B strongly inhibited proeutectoid ferrite.Alloy Elements Mo adds in the steel with the effect of the temper brittleness that reduces steel usually, and the present invention adds being intended that of Alloy Elements Mo and suppresses austenite to pearlitic transformation, and the effect that the Alloy Elements Mo of knowing together reduces the temper brittleness of steel is different.Though the effect of the transformation of alloying element B strongly inhibited proeutectoid ferrite knows that altogether the control of effective boron is not to know altogether in the add-on of B and the steel.
Characteristics of the present invention are exactly the super-thick non-hardening steel, realize that non-modifiedization of super thick specification do not have the composition design as condition, only depend on technology controlling and process to realize.Adopt the steel grade of same art breading heterogeneity consequently inequality.Moreover the structural state of steel grade of the present invention is a bainite, and the non-hardened and tempered steel in the above-mentioned paper is organized as Bei Shiti+ferrite.
How the super thick large section module that makes section thickness surpass 300mm under the state of cooling after forging obtains bainite structure and required hardness is key.Above composition design is all the time around this mentality of designing.The speed of cooling of large section module after forging, all obtain bainite structure if want to reach total cross section, will suppress austenite to ferrite and pearlitic transformation, the Mn that adds, Cr, Mo, B is suppressing austenite to aspect ferrite and the pearlitic transformation significant effect being arranged all, diameter is that the forging stock sample of Φ 80mm is forged the back sand cooling, in the speed of cooling between 800～600 ℃ only is extremely delaying under the refrigerative condition of 0.01 ℃/S still to have obtained bainite structure, hardness reaches HRC41～42, required hardness is adjusted in tempered processing, illustrates that this composition design is rational.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1. realized non-modifiedization of super thick cross section (more than the net thickness 300mm) plastic die steel, the modifier treatment of having saved large-section plastic mould steel has reduced production cost, has shortened the production cycle.
2. adopt micro-alloying technology to improve hardening capacity, the chemical ingredients economical rationality is than adopting 718 steel that add noble metal Ni raising hardening capacity to have more cost advantage.
3. compare with the patent of CN1224769, added alloying elements cr, the compound action of alloying elements cr and Mn, Mo has further improved the ability that obtains bainite, and hardening capacity is higher.
4. compare with the paper " vanadium, titanium are to the influence of non-quenching and tempering plastic mold steel microstructure and property " in the mechanical engineering material periodical 1997.12, many Mo and two alloying elements of B, suppress the transformation of austenite to the light body, realized that super thick cross section module total cross section obtains Bei Shi body tissue, and the non-hardened and tempered steel in " vanadium, titanium are to the influence of non-quenching and tempering plastic mold steel microstructure and property " paper is organized as Bei Shiti+ferrite.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is textura epidermoidea's metallograph of one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the core structure metallograph of one embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
The embodiment chemical ingredients is referring to table 1:
Table 1
| Sequence number | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Mo | V | Ti | B |
| 1 | 0.27 | 0.47 | 1.98 | 0.009 | 0.003 | 0.96 | 0.43 | 0.12 | 0.036 | 0.0026 |
| 2 | 0.21 | 0.78 | 2.45 | 0.012 | 0.005 | 1.46 | 0.58 | 0.20 | 0.060 | 0.0028 |
| 3 | 0.32 | 0.25 | 1.83 | 0.010 | 0.007 | 0.82 | 0.20 | 0.09 | 0.021 | 0.0012 |
| 4 | 0.24 | 0.65 | 2.16 | 0.012 | 0.011 | 1.30 | 0.48 | 0.16 | 0.033 | 0.0020 |
| 5 | 0.26 | 0.60 | 2.29 | 0.008 | 0.006 | 1.12 | 0.35 | 0.18 | 0.040 | 0.0018 |
| 6 | 0.29 | 0.35 | 1.96 | 0.011 | 0.009 | 1.06 | 0.39 | 0.11 | 0.042 | 0.0022 |
| 7 | 0.20 | 0.80 | 2.50 | 0.021 | 0.020 | 1.06 | 0.60 | 0.13 | 0.052 | 0.0010 |
| 8 | 0.32 | 0.20 | 1.80 | 0.035 | 0.034 | 0.82 | 0.40 | 0.08 | 0.020 | 0.0030 |
Specification is 300mm * 790mm * 5000mm (net thickness 330mm); 450mm * 790mm * 3500mm (net thickness 500mm).
The non-modified die steel trade mark based on above composition design is that SWFT32 adopts 10～15 tons of steel ingots to forge, the Forge Heating temperature is 1150～1200 ℃, be incubated and carry out pressing tongs operation after 2～4 hours, return the stove heat tracing then and carry out jumping-up and pulling operation after 2～3 hours, between 850～950 ℃, stop to forge.Module is forged after wind and is chilled to room temperature, carries out the temper between 500～650 ℃ then, adjusts hardness, eliminates and forges the internal stress that produces in the postcooling process, prevents that mould from producing distortion and cracking in the course of processing.
Embodiment 1, at first steel ingot is heated to 1170 ℃ the insulation 3 hours after the pressing tongs handle, return stove then and be heated to jumping-up behind 1170 ℃ of insulation 170min, steel ingot returns the stove heating behind the jumping-up, and another is proceeded pulling and is operated to trimmed size 300mm * 790mm * 5000mm; A steel ingot that returns stove carries out jumping-up and pulls out to trimmed size 450mm * 790mm * 3500mm behind 1170 ℃ of insulation 1 20min; Module is forged after wind and is chilled to room temperature, and carries out temper at 600 ℃.
The module final hardness is: HRC32～34, and hardness is even, and thickness is bainite structure up to module top layer and the heart portion of 450mm, organizes very evenly, organizes photo referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2.
Above result shows that micro-alloying technology obtained breakthrough in the research aspect the large plastic mould tool steel, realized non-modifiedization of super thick cross section forging module first, cancelled the modifier treatment operation, saved energy consumption, reduced manufacturing cost, for the user provides better quality products at good values, thereby further improved the market competitiveness of large plastic mould tool steel.
Claims (2)
1. super-thick non-hardening plastic mold steel, its composition quality per-cent be,
C 0.20～0.32
Si 0.20～0.80
Mn 1.80～2.50
Cr 0.80～1.50
Mo 0.20～0.60
V 0.08～0.20
B 0.0010～0.0030
Ti 0.02～0.06
P ≤0.035
S ≤0.035
Yu Tie and inevitable impurity;
Its structural state is a bainite.
2. the manufacture method of super-thick non-hardening plastic mold steel as claimed in claim 1, it comprises the steps,
1) smelts, is cast into steel ingot by the described composition of claim 1;
2) forge, the Forge Heating temperature is 1150～1200 ℃, is incubated to carry out pressing tongs operation after 2～4 hours, returns the stove heat tracing then and carries out jumping-up and pulling operation after 2～3 hours, stops to forge between 850～950 ℃;
3) module is forged after wind and is chilled to room temperature, carries out the temper between 500～650 ℃ then, adjusts hardness, eliminates and forges the internal stress that produces in the postcooling process, prevents that mould from producing distortion and cracking in the course of processing.
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