CN101096185A - DC voltage control system for hybrid power automobile and working method thereof - Google Patents
DC voltage control system for hybrid power automobile and working method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a DC voltage control system of hybrid electric vehicle, comprising generator, electromotor, storage battery and control unit. The control unit controls the generator and electromotor and is connected with them. Generator and electromotor are connected with the storage battery in current. A voltage-increasing power supply circuit for increasing outputting voltage of storage battery to electromotor and a voltage-decreasing charging circuit for decreasing outputting voltage of generator or obtaining outputting voltage from vehicle kinetic energy to the storage battery when electromotor is used as regenerative braking are set between the electromotor and the storage battery. The control unit is used to control on-off and switch of the voltage-increasing power supply circuit and the voltage-decreasing charging circuit. Because voltage-increasing circuit is adopted storage battery can adopt low-voltage battery group so as to decrease battery system cost and cubage and achieve demands of low cost and mass production. Because power supply increasing voltage of electromotor is improved copper quantity for motor winding can be decreased greatly; motor size is decreased; consumption is decreased and efficiency is improved under the status of the same power.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the hybrid vehicle technical field, more specifically say the DC voltage control system and the method for work thereof that relate to hybrid vehicle.
Background technology
Along with gradually reducing of oil resources, environmental pollution is on the rise, following automobile must reduce oil consumption as far as possible, even do not use oil fully, adapting to the environmental protection pressure that progressively strengthens, uniquely can fundamentally address this problem with the automobile of storage battery as power resources though use, but that is that all right is ripe for this technology, cost is still very high, is subjected to the influence of aspects such as storage battery price, charging duration and each charging back travelled distance, uses apart from large-scale commercial applications and has a long way to go.So just present, the automobile of use oil still can not be substituted, the nowadays unique work that can do is to reduce oil consumption as far as possible, and hybrid vehicle is exactly the good method that reduces oil consumption.Usually the thinking of design hybrid vehicle is to improve engine power, perhaps improves battery voltage, and the horsepower output of automobile and moment of torsion are improved, but no matter adopt which kind of mode, the service efficiency of its fuel is all very low, wants to reach both environmental protection, and horsepower output is greatly again very difficult.
Summary of the invention
One of technical matters to be solved by this invention provides a kind ofly can give electrical motor by the output voltage by the rising storage battery, improve the work efficiency of automobile simultaneously by the output voltage accumulators that reduces electrical generator, reduce the DC voltage control system of the hybrid vehicle of oil consumption.
DC voltage control system of the present invention comprises electrical generator, electrical motor, storage battery, control unit, control unit control linkage electrical generator, electrical motor, electrical generator, electrical motor is electrically connected with storage battery, it is characterized in that: the output voltage that is provided with a rising storage battery between electrical motor and storage battery is given the feed circuit that boost of electrical motor, the step-down charge circuit of the output voltage accumulators that is converted to by automobile kinetic energy when reducing the output voltage of electrical generator and/or electrical motor being done regenerative braking, the control unit control feed circuit that boost, the switch of step-down charge circuit and switching.
Described booster circuit comprises inductance L, diode D1, cond C1, transistor Q2, cond C1 is parallel to the two ends of electrical motor and electrical generator, negative pole one end of electrical motor and electrical generator connects the emitter of transistor Q2, inductance L is connected between the collecting electrode of the positive pole of storage battery and transistor Q2, the positive pole of diode D1 is connected in the collecting electrode of transistor Q2, negative pole is connected in the positive pole of electrical motor and electrical generator, and the base stage of transistor Q2 is connected in control unit.By this booster circuit, the voltage of cond C1 equals the voltage of storage battery and the self-induced emf sum of inductance L, and the voltage of going up after promoting with cond C1 is the electrical motor power supply, and just can make automobile output torque ratio is that the electrical motor power supply is bigger with battery directly.
Described reduction voltage circuit comprises inductance L, diode D2, capacitor C 2, transistor Q1, capacitor C 2 is parallel to the two ends of storage battery, positive pole one end of electrical motor and electrical generator connects the collecting electrode of transistor Q1, the emitter of Q1 is connected in the collecting electrode of transistor Q2, the positive pole of diode D2 is connected in the negative pole of storage battery, the negative pole of diode D2 is connected in the emitter of transistor Q1, and the base stage of transistor Q1 is connected in control unit.The voltage of the storage battery voltage that equals electrical generator respectively deducts the voltage on the inductance L like this, or equals the self-induced emf on the inductance L.
Two of technical matters to be solved by this invention provides a kind of method of work of DC voltage control system of hybrid vehicle, comprises following mode of operation and step;
(1), when the needed driving power of vehicle ', when torque is little, storage battery directly provides power to electrical motor power supply for automobile; (at this moment engine petrol is not worked, and storage battery is directly to the electrical motor power supply, and the voltage of storage battery output neither boosts, also not step-down, that is to say that boost feed circuit, storage battery step-down charge circuit of electrical motor are not worked, and keep a kind of straight-though mode of operation between electrical motor and the power supply.)
(2), when automobile needs electrical motor that bigger horsepower output or output torque are provided, the control unit that boosts is started working, promote the working power voltage of electrical motor, the voltage after promoting equal self-induced emf and the storage battery output voltage sum that booster circuit produces;
(3), when automobile brake, regenerative braking circuit, reduction voltage circuit work transform electric energy to the kinetic energy that keeps in the automobile sport as the battery charge power supply by electrical generator, this power line voltage is a battery charge after by the reduction voltage circuit step-down;
(4), when the certain high speed of vehicle is at the uniform velocity travelled, reduction voltage circuit starts, after the electric energy step-down that electrical generator is sent to battery charge.If at this moment discharged or defective battery is then pressed normal mode of operation, if storage battery is full of, then reduction voltage circuit is the storage battery floating charge.
Described method of work is further comprising the steps of: when needs charge a battery, close the feed circuit that boost earlier, treat the energy accumulated among the step-up coil L discharge finish after, open the step-down charging control circuit again.To prevent changing moment at circuit working state, because the coil voltage sudden change, it is very big to produce a power at its two ends like this, and the self-induced emf that voltage is high the dielectric tracking of relevant portion, may cause the personal injury accident of operating personal simultaneously.
Described method of work is further comprising the steps of: when needing storage battery that the working power of electrical motor is provided, close step-down power supply circuit earlier, after treating that the energy release of accumulating among the diminishing coil L finishes, open boost control circuit again, battery tension is promoted the High Voltage Power Supply engine operation that the back is produced.Can prevent from like this to change moment at circuit working state, because the coil voltage sudden change, it is very big to produce a power at its two ends, and the self-induced emf that voltage is high the dielectric tracking of relevant portion, may cause the personal injury accident of operating personal simultaneously.
The described feed circuit that boost are by inductance L, diode D1, cond C1, when transistor Q2 forms, after starting the feed circuit that boost, control unit is controlled the conducting of transistor Q2 discontinuously, in Q2 conduction period, battery charges to inductance L, between the off period, the self-induced emf of inductance L and cell pressure sum are sent through diode D1 at Q2, thereby realize boosting.Make inductance L repeat generation, reduction, the production process of self-induced emf like this.And so forth, just make that battery tension is raised, the voltage of going up after promoting with cond C1 is the electrical motor power supply, and just can make automobile output torque ratio is that the electrical motor power supply is bigger with battery directly.
Described step-down charge circuit is by inductance L, diode D2, capacitor C 2, when transistor Q1 forms, after starting the step-down charge circuit, control unit is controlled the conducting of transistor Q1 discontinuously, in Q1 conduction period, power supply is given inductance L and battery charge, at Q1 between the off period, Q1 produces self-induced emf and charges the battery after by diode D2 afterflow.Because the existence of inductance L, in Q1 conduction period, the existence of inductive impedance reduces output voltage, at Q1 between the off period, the energy that inductance is accumulated is continuously electric, and when inductive discharge finishes, power supply is inductance, battery charge by the conducting of Q1, so just realized both having made output voltage to reduce, and can keep output voltage and remain unchanged substantially.Electrical motor is given inductance L, battery charge like this, and the process circulation that the self-induced emf of inductance L charges a battery is carried out.And so forth, storage battery is continued charging.
The present invention is owing to the power supply that has promoted electrical motor is boosted, and therefore under the identical situation of power, the machine winding copper consumption reduces significantly, and motor size reduces, and loss reduces, and efficient improves.Simultaneously winding current reduces greatly, can either use the switching valve that electric current is less, cost is low in electric machine controller, and the cross-section of cable that also can reduce to connect electrical motor greatly amasss.Can reduce line losses equally, increase work efficiency.Thereby and owing to adopted the step-down pull up circuit to make electrical generator under situation about can directly power to electrical motor, also can be to battery charge when discharged or defective battery, automobile brake.Thereby can improve the work efficiency of hybrid vehicle, reduce oil consumption.Owing to adopted booster circuit,, battery system cost, volume are all reduced in addition, reached the requirement of producing low-costly and in high volume so storage battery can adopt the low-voltage battery group.
Native system has following advantage:
1, High Performance, low cost
At first,, battery system cost, volume are all reduced, reached the requirement of producing low-costly and in high volume owing to adopted the low-voltage battery group.Secondly, boost owing to promoted the power supply of electrical motor, therefore under the identical situation of power, the machine winding copper consumption reduces significantly, and motor size reduces, and loss reduces, and efficient improves.In addition, owing to improved the power line voltage of electrical motor, so under the equal-wattage situation, winding current reduces greatly, can either use the switching valve that electric current is less, cost is low in electric machine controller, and the cross-section of cable that also can reduce to connect electrical motor greatly amasss.Can reduce line losses equally, increase work efficiency.
2, energy-saving and cost-reducing
At vehicle starting, during low speed driving, if use engine petrol to drive automobile, then obviously surpass the consumption of fuel when running at high speed, it is very suitable at this moment adopting electrical motor to drive running car, when the automobile at high speed travels, when braking, descending, kinetic energy in the time of can be with the energy of driving engine, car brakeing is converted to electric energy and charges a battery, so just reach the purpose of abundant saving petroleum-based energy, greatly reduced energy consumption, satisfied environmental protection requirement.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the DC voltage control system circuit diagram in the embodiments of the invention.
The present invention is further illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The specific embodiment
DC voltage control system among the embodiment comprises electrical generator, electrical motor, storage battery, control unit, inductance L, diode D1, cond C1, transistor Q2, diode D2, capacitor C 2, transistor Q1, inductance L, diode D1, cond C1, transistor Q2 form the feed circuit that boost, and inductance L, diode D2, capacitor C 2, transistor Q1 form the step-down charge circuit.Annexation is: cond C1 is parallel to the two ends of electrical motor and electrical generator, negative pole one end of electrical motor and electrical generator connects the emitter of transistor Q2, inductance L is connected between the collecting electrode of the positive pole of storage battery and transistor Q2, the positive pole of diode D1 is connected in the collecting electrode of transistor Q2, and negative pole is connected in the positive pole of electrical motor and electrical generator; Capacitor C 2 is parallel to the two ends of storage battery, positive pole one end of electrical motor and electrical generator connects the collecting electrode of transistor Q1, the emitter of Q1 is connected in the collecting electrode of transistor Q2, the positive pole of diode D2 is connected in the negative pole of storage battery, the negative pole of diode D2 is connected in the emitter of transistor Q1, and the base stage of transistor Q1, transistor Q2 is connected in control unit.
The method of work of the system among the embodiment comprises following mode of operation and step:
1, when the energy that needs, when torque is little, provide power by storage battery for automobile, engine petrol is not worked, and the power line voltage of electrical motor and storage battery output voltage equate that the feed circuit that boost, step-down charge circuit are not all worked;
2, when the bigger strength of needs, control unit is opened the feed circuit work of boosting, and control unit is controlled the conducting of transistor Q2 discontinuously, and the power line voltage of electrical motor equals the voltage and the storage battery output voltage sum of booster circuit.
When discharged or defective battery, automobile brake, control unit is opened the step-down charge circuit, closes the feed circuit that boost simultaneously, and control unit is controlled the conducting of transistor Q1 discontinuously.
The design philosophy of the system among the embodiment and circuit working principle:
Because electrical generator is directly powered to electrical motor, therefore, the output voltage of electrical generator equates with the both end voltage of electrical motor, and if give electrical motor by the output voltage of rising storage battery, the voltage at electrical motor two ends just equals the voltage of storage battery and the voltage sum of lifting.So the output voltage of electrical generator also equals the voltage of storage battery and the voltage sum of lifting, the output voltage of electrical generator is higher than the voltage of storage battery, can not directly charge a battery, must be through just charging a battery after the reduction voltage circuit step-down.Therefore the design of native system just must comprise the feed circuit that boost, step-down charge circuit, and comprises following mode of operation:
1, provide power with storage battery, this moment, circuit working was in step-down or two kinds of mode of operations of non-step-down.
(1) when the energy of needs, when torque is little, provide power by storage battery for automobile, engine petrol is not worked, this moment, the electric energy of storage battery was powered to vehicle electric motor by filter inductance L, diode D1, inductance L, cond C1, cond C2 are the π type filter circuit of power supply, this moment, the power line voltage and the storage battery output voltage of electrical motor equated that booster circuit is not worked;
(2) when the bigger strength of needs, then inductance L, diode D1, cond C1, transistor Q2 promote the voltage of storage battery jointly, voltage on the capacitor C 1 is the voltage after promoting, voltage on the C1 is higher than cell pressure at this moment, and load is heavy more, voltage is high more, and with the power supply of such high potential as vehicle electric motor, then the driving force of electrical motor is bigger.If this strength still is not enough to drive automobile, then under the control of electronic machine, car engine ignition, under the common driving of automotive engine and electrical motor, vehicle is able to cruising, because this moment, electrical motor participated in driving to automobile, with respect to can only being the automobile of power resources with vapour, diesel oil, alleviated the burden of driving engine, the purpose that reach energy-conservation, reduces oil consumption.
The boost circuit working principle of feed circuit:
As shown in Figure 1, in the process of boosting, transistor Q1 base stage does not add any control signal all the time, so Q1 ends all the time, and circuit is cut little ice.Boost the beginning after, at first transistor Q2 is because of the controlled voltage conducting of base stage, its collector and emitter is connected like this, because the isolation of diode D1, cond C1 both end voltage is not influenced by Q2, and meanwhile, as the result after the Q2 conducting, the voltage that comes from storage battery just charges to inductance L, the polarity of voltage at inductance L two ends is that 1 end is for negative in the process of charging, 2 ends are for just, when charging does not finish, the control voltage of cancellation Q2 base stage, then Q2 ends immediately, this just makes the charging current that flows through inductance L reduce, according to inductance coil the characteristics that the electric current variation is flow through in institute that hinder are arranged, the inductance L two ends will inevitably produce one 1 pin for just like this, 2 pin are negative self-induced emf, attempt to impel the electric current that flows through wherein to increase.Obviously the voltage at inductance L two ends just and the formation of the voltage in automotive battery series relationship, therefore inductance coil 1 pin voltage to ground is self-induced emf and the battery tension sum of inductance coil L, with diode D1 inductance coil 1 pin voltage to ground is drawn, be added on the cond C1, by the C1 energy storage, filtering, so just obtained the vdc more much higher than automotive battery voltage, continuous release along with stored energy among the inductance coil L, the very fast decline of its self-induced emf, when being reduced to a certain degree, another repeats said process, and so forth, just make that battery tension is raised, the voltage of going up after promoting with cond C1 is the electrical motor power supply, and just can make automobile output torque ratio is that the electrical motor power supply is bigger with battery directly.
2, when discharged or defective battery, battery charger is opened, and works in the step-down mode of operation.When automobile brake, battery charger is also opened in addition, closes the feed circuit that boost simultaneously, on one side the kinetic energy of automobile is converted to electric energy, charge a battery, make full use of energy, also play the effect of braking simultaneously.Reduction voltage circuit and battery charge are associated, and the size of output voltage is regulated by charging current.
The circuit working principle of step-down charge circuit is as follows:
As shown in Figure 1, in the step-down process, transistor Q2 base stage does not add any control signal all the time, therefore Q2 ends all the time, and circuit is cut little ice, and what diode D1 added is reverse voltage, therefore also quit work, the element that participates in work is transistor Q1, diode D2, inductance L, capacitor C 2.After step-down begins, at first transistor Q1 is because of the controlled voltage conducting of base stage, its collector and emitter is connected like this, output HIGH voltage with automobile current generator, perhaps because of automobile brake, the high potential that is produced when electrical motor is made generator operation is sent to inductance coil 1 pin, therefore produced and given inductance L, the charging current of battery charge, the polarity of inductance L charging valtage is 1 pin for just, 2 pin are for negative, after the charging, charging current progressively increases, when charging current reaches maxim, transistor Q1 ends, make the charging current of inductance coil L reduce, same characteristics according to inductance coil, it certainly leads to 1 pin for negative, 2 pin are positive self-induced emf, and by moment, it is very big that the self-induced emf of L becomes at Q1, when surpassing cell pressure, owing to have diode D2, set up a current return, so the self-induced emf of inductance L just charge a battery, continuous release along with energy in the inductance L, this charging current constantly reduces, and arrives to a certain degree when electric current is little, and another repeats said process, and so forth, storage battery is continued charging.
Introduce the element of circuit below in detail and select principle for use:
Cond C1 is a kind of high-pressure aluminum electrolytic capacitor, is selected according to generator output voltage and booster circuit output voltage situation, presses the magnitude of voltage that following formula is selected cond:
C1 electric capacity withstand voltage=actual maximum is born voltage/0.8;
Cond C2 is a kind of high-pressure aluminum electrolytic capacitor, selects according to the storage battery maximum voltage, is calculated as follows:
C2 electric capacity withstand voltage=battery maximum voltage/0.8;
Transistor Q1, Q2 are a kind of insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), select for use principle as follows:
1, withstand voltagely equals more than 1 times of maximum voltage in the circuit;
2, electric current=5P/U (in the formula: P-changes gross horsepower, U-circuit maximum voltage)
Energy storage inductor L: when booster circuit was not worked, load current all flow through wherein, so its sectional area of wire must can bear this electric current, and when ascending, descending was pressed, inductance was wanted to store enough energy, otherwise can't realize corresponding function in addition.About the design of inductance, the method for designing of a lot of classics has been arranged, all be fit to the design of this inducer, so no longer repeat here.
Q1, Q2 control signal are a kind of pulse-width signal (PWM), and Q1, Q2 must have mutex relation, and promptly Q1 could work by back Q2, and Q2 could work by later Q1.
Claims (8)
1, a kind of DC voltage control system of hybrid vehicle, comprise electrical generator, electrical motor, storage battery, control unit, control unit control linkage electrical generator, electrical motor, electrical generator, electrical motor is electrically connected with storage battery, it is characterized in that: the output voltage that is provided with the rising storage battery between electrical motor and storage battery is given the feed circuit that boost of electrical motor, the step-down charge circuit of the output voltage accumulators that is converted to by automobile kinetic energy when reducing the output voltage of electrical generator and/or electrical motor being done regenerative braking, the control unit control feed circuit that boost, the switch of step-down charge circuit and switching.
2, DC voltage control system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described booster circuit comprises inductance L, diode D1, cond C1, transistor Q2, cond C1 is parallel to the two ends of electrical motor and electrical generator, negative pole one end of electrical motor and electrical generator connects the emitter of transistor Q2, inductance L is connected between the collecting electrode of the positive pole of storage battery and transistor Q2, the positive pole of diode D1 is connected in the collecting electrode of transistor Q2, negative pole is connected in the positive pole of electrical motor and electrical generator, and the base stage of transistor Q2 is connected in control unit.
3, DC voltage control system according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described reduction voltage circuit comprises inductance L, diode D2, capacitor C 2, transistor Q1, capacitor C 2 is parallel to the two ends of storage battery, positive pole one end of electrical motor and electrical generator connects the collecting electrode of transistor Q1, the emitter of Q1 is connected in the collecting electrode of transistor Q2, the positive pole of diode D2 is connected in the negative pole of storage battery, the negative pole of diode D2 is connected in the emitter of transistor Q1, and the base stage of transistor Q1 is connected in control unit.
4, the method for work of the DC voltage control system of hybrid vehicle comprises following mode of operation and step:
(1), when the needed driving power of vehicle ', when torque is little, storage battery directly provides power to electrical motor power supply for automobile;
(2), when automobile needs electrical motor that bigger horsepower output or output torque are provided, the control unit that boosts is started working, promote the working power voltage of electrical motor, the voltage after promoting equal self-induced emf and the storage battery output voltage sum that booster circuit produces;
(3), when automobile brake, regenerative braking circuit, reduction voltage circuit work transform electric energy to the kinetic energy that keeps in the automobile sport as the battery charge power supply by electrical generator, this power line voltage is a battery charge after by the reduction voltage circuit step-down;
(4), when the certain high speed of vehicle is at the uniform velocity travelled, reduction voltage circuit starts, after the electric energy step-down that electrical generator is sent to battery charge.
5, method of work according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described method of work is further comprising the steps of, when needs charge a battery, closes the feed circuit that boost earlier, after treating that the energy release of accumulating among the step-up coil L finishes, open the step-down charging control circuit again.
6, method of work according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described method of work is further comprising the steps of, when needing storage battery that the working power of electrical motor is provided, close step-down power supply circuit earlier, after treating that the energy release of accumulating among the diminishing coil L finishes, open boost control circuit again, battery tension is promoted the High Voltage Power Supply engine operation that the back is produced.
7, according to claim 4 or 6 described method of works, it is characterized in that: the described feed circuit that boost are by inductance L, diode D1, cond C1, when transistor Q2 forms, after starting the feed circuit that boost, control unit is controlled the conducting of transistor Q2 discontinuously, in Q2 conduction period, battery charges to inductance L, at Q2 between the off period, the self-induced emf of inductance L and cell pressure sum are sent through diode D1, thereby realize boosting.
8, according to claim 4 or 5 described method of works, it is characterized in that: described step-down charge circuit is by inductance L, diode D2, capacitor C 2, when transistor Q1 forms, after starting the step-down charge circuit, control unit is controlled the conducting of transistor Q1 discontinuously, in Q1 conduction period, power supply is given inductance L and battery charge, and at Q1 between the off period, Q1 produces self-induced emf and charges the battery after by diode D2 afterflow.
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| CN103683457B (en) * | 2013-12-24 | 2016-05-04 | 厦门市福工动力技术有限公司 | Hybrid power public transport super capacitor and lithium battery parallel circuit |
| CN104842993A (en) * | 2014-02-18 | 2015-08-19 | 富士重工业株式会社 | Battery voltage control device and battery voltage control method |
| CN104842993B (en) * | 2014-02-18 | 2019-04-12 | 株式会社斯巴鲁 | The control device of cell voltage and the control method of cell voltage |
| RU2587207C1 (en) * | 2015-03-17 | 2016-06-20 | федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Южно-Российский государственный политехнический университет (НПИ) имени М.И. Платова" | Direct current drive |
| CN107745655A (en) * | 2017-10-11 | 2018-03-02 | 珠海英搏尔电气股份有限公司 | A kind of control method, control unit and the electric car of electronic vehicle drive circuit |
| CN107745655B (en) * | 2017-10-11 | 2024-02-06 | 珠海英搏尔电气股份有限公司 | Control method and control unit of electric vehicle driving circuit and electric vehicle |
| CN112572099A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2021-03-30 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Vehicle control device |
| CN112572099B (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2023-06-30 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Vehicle control device |
| CN116545291A (en) * | 2023-04-24 | 2023-08-04 | 无锡凌博电子技术股份有限公司 | Boosting controller of electric vehicle |
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