CN1010926B - Method for controlling withdrawal movement of countersink electrode in electroerosion machine - Google Patents

Method for controlling withdrawal movement of countersink electrode in electroerosion machine

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Publication number
CN1010926B
CN1010926B CN86104551A CN86104551A CN1010926B CN 1010926 B CN1010926 B CN 1010926B CN 86104551 A CN86104551 A CN 86104551A CN 86104551 A CN86104551 A CN 86104551A CN 1010926 B CN1010926 B CN 1010926B
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
pumpback
track
electrode
hole
plane
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
CN86104551A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN86104551A (en
Inventor
诺曼·佩朗尼
安东尼奥·普拉蒂
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Agie Charmilles SA
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Agie Charmilles SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Agie Charmilles SA filed Critical Agie Charmilles SA
Publication of CN86104551A publication Critical patent/CN86104551A/en
Publication of CN1010926B publication Critical patent/CN1010926B/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23HWORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
    • B23H7/00Processes or apparatus applicable to both electrical discharge machining and electrochemical machining
    • B23H7/14Electric circuits specially adapted therefor, e.g. power supply
    • B23H7/16Electric circuits specially adapted therefor, e.g. power supply for preventing short circuits or other abnormal discharges by altering machining parameters using adaptive control
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23HWORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
    • B23H7/00Processes or apparatus applicable to both electrical discharge machining and electrochemical machining
    • B23H7/26Apparatus for moving or positioning electrode relatively to workpiece; Mounting of electrode

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)

Abstract

To eliminate short-circuits between a countersink electrode and a workpiece during countersink erosion, when a short-circuit occurs, the countersink electrode is initially moved back by a predetermined path length ( delta ) along the previously travelled path from a first locus (PK) at which the short-circuit occurred to a second locus or intermediate point (PR) and it is established at that location whether there is still a short-circuit. If this is the case, the countersink electrode is moved in an upwardly sloping manner along a second path (R), which has a first angle ( alpha ) with respect to the working plane and has a movement component (R1) having a second angle ( beta ) with respect to a surface normal to the short-circuit or intermediate point (PK or PR). All the parameters ( alpha , beta , delta ,|R|) can be freely preselected and are variable during erosion.

Description

Method for controlling withdrawal movement of countersink electrode in electroerosion machine
The present invention relates to a kind of is to be used to control during the short circuit between generating electrodes and the workpiece in the spark erosion machines bore a hole or the method for the pumpback of reaming electrode at the galvano-cautery lathe.
Usually, in the galvanic corrosion process, between electrode and workpiece, must leave the working clearance, that is to say and to avoid short circuit.If be short-circuited, electrode is moved with respect to workpiece, recover the gap, to eliminate short circuit.
In the electro-erosion machine of the applicant's AGIEMAT III type, after definite its is short-circuited, lathe produces a kind of pumpback campaign, make electrode towards being moved at the beginning by the center of ablation perforate, just at working face, be to move in the XY plane, promptly carry out pumpback from this central vertical in perforate then by the Z direction.Then, electrode is inserted again and continue ablation in the perforate.This operating process is very time-consuming, and a lot of shortcomings are arranged, and under some situation, the elimination of short circuit is fast inadequately, and the measure of eliminating short circuit under other situation is too big, and promptly the length of the pumpback part amount of eliminating short circuit than needs is longer in some cases.At last, the pumpback campaign of this pattern can not be used for more complicated hole shape, because in some cases, electrode and workpiece may be bumped between the ablation perforated wall when pumpback.
German patent DE-3208383 discloses a kind of method of controlling the electrode pumpback campaign of boring a hole in the galvano-cautery lathe; wherein be formed with the direction of vertically boring a hole; under the situation about being short-circuited between electrode and the workpiece of boring a hole, the electrode of boring a hole is along giving fixed straight line pumpback track pumpback.But this pumpback is that the vertical direction of machined surface is carried out on the workpiece, that is to say it is by giving the constant surely mode pumpback electrode of boring a hole, therefore unnecessarily having strengthened the track of pumpback campaign.
Therefore, problem to be solved by this invention is to improve the method for aforementioned type, promptly, the purpose of this invention is to provide the method for controlling the electrode pumpback campaign of boring a hole in a kind of galvano-cautery lathe, this method can be avoided unwanted long pumpback campaign, and can eliminate short circuit between electrode and workpiece as early as possible, the trajectory shape of pumpback campaign will be suitable for as far as possible neatly by the geometry in ablation hole.
This problem is to solve by the feature that the present invention had.Other favourable development of the present invention can be inferred from each feature hereinafter described of the present invention.
According to the present invention; a kind of method of in the galvano-cautery lathe, controlling the electrode pumpback campaign of boring a hole; wherein be formed with the direction of vertically boring a hole; under the situation about being short-circuited between electrode and the workpiece of boring a hole; bore a hole electrode along giving fixed straight line pumpback track pumpback; it is characterized in that when being short-circuited, the electrode of boring a hole is at first from short dot (P K) along the track (P that originally moved past K-P R) towards intermediate point (P R) one of travelling backwards gives orbit determination mark length (δ), checks there, to determine whether also to exist short circuit,, then make the electrode of boring a hole give fixed pumpback track (R) and move apart intermediate point (P along one if still exist short circuit there R).
Above-mentioned second track is a straight line, thereby is also referred to as the pumpback vector.Usually, the pumpback vector is to come orientation like this, even electrode is as far as possible promptly removed from short dot.This electrode moves in acclivitous mode, and the degree that moves is subjected on the workpiece by the restriction of ablation perforate geometry.
In order to make the pumpback track can be flexibly and be adapted to best by the geometry of ablation perforate, the pumpback vector can be determined continuously, also can be determined when being short-circuited.The expression that can in all sorts of ways of pumpback vector, at first, it can use machine tool chief axis, and (expression formula Z) is promptly used by the coordinate system of lathe orientation and is represented for X, Y.In process was bored a hole in galvanic corrosion, when its movement locus became complicated more, the machine operation person was difficult to determine the orientation of pumpback vector, and almost can not change the pumpback vector in the ablation process.Therefore, the preferential coordinate system of selecting user's orientation when expression pumpback vector, its each parameter can be controlled easilier.Therefore, the pumpback vector is preferably represented according to mode hereinafter described.
Determined tangential plane at intermediate point (pumpback point), so this plane all tangent lines on intermediate point have been comprised.In addition, also determined a Normal plane at intermediate point, Normal plane is vertical with tangential plane and working face.And working face includes tangent line at intermediate point, and this tangent line also is the tangent line of ablation track simultaneously.Therefore these three planes (working face, tangential plane and Normal plane) are vertical each other, and constituted one with the irrelevant coordinate system of machine tool chief axis (certain, in some cases working face may with the XY planes overlapping of lathe).If the ablation rail overlaps (X-axis of lathe or Y-axis) with a main shaft, under this specific situation, tangential plane and Normal plane have just comprised the main shaft of lathe.
Like this, the pumpback plane at pumpback vector place favours three above-mentioned planes.This pumpback plane is preferably vertical with tangential plane, and therefore, it is with respect to a Normal plane inclination angle (β).This angle (β) is very clearly concerning the operator, because it has provided the inclination angle of the main relatively ablation direction of pumpback vector.In addition, this pumpback vector is with respect to the tangential plane angle (90-α) that tilts, and it also is clearly for the operator, because this angle has represented that the pumpback vector is with respect to by the inclined degree of ablation hole slot wall.
Each angle can be given and freely being selected earlier, also can change in the ablation process.The direction that the selection of angle β should make second track tilt is opposite with main ablation direction.This situation is equally applicable to the length of pumpback vector, and the length of second track can be regulated, and makes the latter can adapt to various special requirements fully neatly.
The method according to this invention has been brought following advantage.All parameters of complete " pumpback track " can be given and freely being selected earlier.As a rule, just be enough to avoid short circuit, the unlikely generation interruption of working for a long time along moving of first track.Electrode has been eliminated possible short circuit rapidly along moving of second track, because electrode is very rapidly removed from the short circuit surface.Give each parameter of freely selecting earlier the pumpback campaign, just can avoid issuable various collisions in the pumpback campaign between electrode and the workpiece.
Each parameter of pumpback track as on the workpiece by the function of the hole slot of ablation or perforate profile, in the ablation process, also can change, each parameter of pumpback track changes for first track and second track.Therefore, the collision between electrode and the workpiece is always avoidable.
Hereinafter describe the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and at non-limiting embodiment.Theing contents are as follows of accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 in the method according to the invention, the perspective view of the electrode pumpback track of boring a hole.
The vertical view of Fig. 2 working face (XY plane) illustrates the component of pumpback track in the method according to this invention.
Fig. 3 schematic side cutaway view of electrode when the ablation workpiece of boring a hole.
Fig. 4 is when boring a hole the ablation cylindrical aperture, and the top plan view of bore a hole electrode and workpiece has shown the pumpback track among the figure.
The bore a hole sectional view of electrode and workpiece of Fig. 5 has shown among the figure by the pumpback track under the degree of depth condition of limited of ablation perforate.
Fig. 6 when the ablation spherical groove, the perspective view of pumpback track.
The perspective illustration on Fig. 7 pumpback vector sum pumpback plane.
The image similar that Fig. 8 observes from different perspectives to Fig. 7.
The purpose of narration for convenience, in each accompanying drawing, all be decorated with flute card reference frame (X, Y, Z), to express the main spindle's of this lathe.
At Fig. 3, in 4 and 5, the electrode 1 of boring a hole is expressed as a cylinder, it on workpiece 3 ablation go out a bellmouth 2.In the ablation process, the electrode 1 of boring a hole is generally all around its longitudinal axis rotation.At Fig. 1, the perforate in 2,4 and 5 is columniform basically, and the perforate in Fig. 3 then is taper.The bottom surface 4 of supposing bellmouth 2 is planes, and this plane is called as machined surface AE, in the accompanying drawings it and XY planes overlapping.The relatively moving between electrode 1 and the workpiece 3 of boring a hole is that nationality helps known movable fixture and finishes, and for example workpiece is to move with so-called XY slide, and electrode then moves by the UV slide.In common ablation process, relatively moving is by known way, finishes along the path of giving the programming defined.
With reference to Fig. 1 and 2, suppose that the electrode 1 of boring a hole moves along annular trace 5 according to the direction of arrow 6, and at position P KPlace's (being referred to as " short dot " hereinafter) produces short circuit, and this is to be determined by known mensuration/supervising device.
According to a feature of the present invention, after that, the track that electrode passes through in the ablation process at last, according to one of the direction travelling backwards of arrow 7 apart from δ (first track), in-position P RPlace's (hereinafter being referred to as " intermediate point " or " pumpback point ").This length apart from δ is given programming.Check intermediate point P then RTo determine whether to eliminate short circuit.If be this situation really, then according to the direction of arrow 6 again along track 5 galvanic corrosion feedings.
But, if at intermediate point P RLocate still short circuit, then the electrode 1 of boring a hole is given orbit determination mark (hereinafter being referred to as " pumpback vector ") along one second, the trend of this pumpback vector R is that straight line is acclivitous.Like this, pumpback vector R has one first angle α with respect to working face or XY plane, and it is between pumpback vector R and intermediate point P RAnd the angle between the line of central point M.Have in perforate under the situation of circular cross section, line PM is the normal vector of intermediate point.Central point M is positioned on the XY plane, is this round heart under by the situation of the circular flat view of the perforate 2 of ablation.If departed from by the perforate 2 of ablation round-shaped, in order to determine two angle α and β, at short dot P KPerhaps be preferably in intermediate point P RThe place makes Normal plane.If the first mark length δ is very short, be that these two points are very approaching in a word, so the normal plane on short dot is got amount for referencial use, can not produce tangible error.But, if path length δ is longer, then at intermediate point P ROn normal plane will be got vector for referencial use.This has comparatively detailed describing in Fig. 4.
Therefore, " parameter " of pumpback campaign includes along the path length δ of first track, angle α and angle β, and the length of the second track R, the i.e. absolute value of " pumpback vector " R | R|.
All these parameters can be given and freely being selected earlier.In the ablation process, because the needs of ablation hole shape, these parameters also can change, and the electrode 1 of boring a hole when avoiding pumpback comes in contact with workpiece 3.These parameters also can be selected like this, promptly make electrode put P in pumpback RGo up and move perpendicular to surface of the work.Like this, for example under limit situation, parameter beta can vanishing.Also to keep firmly in mind simultaneously, when arranging the pumpback track of second track, not make other surface point of the too close workpiece of electrode, to avoid collision or short circuit.
" pumpback track " in the accompanying drawings amplified, so that narration, in fact can be much smaller.
Fig. 1 to 3 has represented Utopian a little image.In Figure 4 and 5, provided actual image.Carrying out ablation with an electrode when boring a hole, the diameter of electrode never can be ignored.Like this, in the section diameter of the electrode incision workpiece "flesh" (nonproductive construction).Therefore, in the vertical view of Fig. 4, the working clearance is around the certain scope of periphery expansion of electrode.Therefore, be referred to as the short circuit surface compared with being referred to as short dot exactly.If imaginary short dot is positioned at electrode centers, surface-normal at this short dot P, even be under the situation of circular contour by the perforate of ablation, do not point to center M yet, but point to another direction, the direction (arrow 6) of the main feed motion of the one-component of this direction during with ablation is opposite, and this has just understood the function of angle β.Depend on that the angle β with respect to surface-normal is at short dot P KStill at intermediate point P R(as shown in Figure 4), the size at this angle will change certainly.Angle β (removing extremely special situation) is an acute angle always, and its symbol is to arrange like this, promptly makes the component of a vector R of pumpback vector R on the XY plane 1Always reverse with feeding direction (arrow 6).This can infer from term " pumpback vector ".
Fig. 5 provides angle α reason.The bottom of electrode 1 comes down to be used for material is removed from the perforate bottom surface 4 of wanting ablation.Naturally, here electrode also must be cut in the "flesh" (nonproductive construction) of workpiece 3, has therefore formed a step, and this is expressed very greatly in Fig. 5.Can not determine that the actual short point occurs between electrode 1 end face and the bottom surface 4 or occurs between the outside circumference and step (perforate 2) of electrode 1.Under first kind of situation, it would be desirable an electrode in upwards pumpback vertically upward of Z, and under second kind of situation, then must flatly remove electrode against the direction of X-axis from step.Therefore, electrode is upwards shifted out perforate with the gradient of angle α, make electrode side by side from the bottom surface 4 and step 2 remove.In the embodiment depicted in fig. 5, angle α is approximately 45 °.According to electrode shape, by the shape of ablation perforate and empirical data, the α angle also can be assumed to other numerical value certainly.Might determine that what numerical value angle of departure α gets and can the most promptly eliminate short circuit with statistical method.Same method also is applicable to angle β certainly.Therefore, manage to make the length of pumpback vector R short as much as possible, thereby the time of being lost when making electrode remove and retract subsequently is also short as much as possible, removing and retracting of electrode all makes the ablation process interrupt.
Fig. 6 to 8 has represented more general situation, and here working face AE does not overlap with the main shaft (XY plane) of lathe.Fig. 6 schematically illustrates the ablation situation of rounded channels, and ablation track EB is supporting working face AE, tilts with respect to the XY plane.In order to determine pumpback point P ROn pumpback vector R, on pumpback point, make a tangent line T, the tangent line T while also is that ablation track EB is at this P RTangent line on the point.Make a tangent line N on pumpback point in addition, it and tangent line T meet at right angles.Like this, tangent line T and N TAt pumpback point P RGo up the topped tangential plane TE that has, this shows in Fig. 1 and Fig. 8.
A plane that clearly limits is arranged now, and it is vertical with tangential plane TE, it include tangent line T and with tangent line N TVertically.This plane is working face AE.The 3rd plane is vertical with tangential plane and working face AE, therefore includes tangent line N TAnd be called as Normal plane NE.These three plane AE, TE and NE have formed a coordinate system by user's orientation that is independent of machine tool chief axis.Now the user just can be with method especially clearly, and length by the vectorial R of pumpback and angle α and β determine it.
Can infer that according to Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 the pumpback vector is 90-α with respect to the angle that tangential plane TE tilts.This angle has been represented at pumpback point P RLast pumpback vector with by the inclined degree of ablation perforated wall.Also with respect to the Normal plane NE angle beta that tilted, this angle β has represented the inclined degree of pumpback vector with respect to main ablation direction HE to pumpback vector R.The component that the selection at β angle should make pumpback move is opposite with the direction of main ablation direction HE.
On the basis of these definition, just might determine that a pumpback plane RE(sees Fig. 8), it is with respect to Normal plane NE angle of inclination beta.Therefore, the pumpback vector is positioned at this pumpback plane RE, is 90-α with respect to the angle of tangential plane TE.(the 90-α angle of mentioning later is to arrange according to the embodiment among Fig. 1 to 5, and therefore, at Fig. 1, this angle is measured from working face in 3 and 5.) for clearer description, it is parallel with Normal plane also to show plane N E ' in Fig. 7, it more clearly shows angle α, 90-α and β.
At claims, the whole technology contents in specification and the accompanying drawing no matter be independent or combination arbitrarily, all are absolutely necessary for purposes of the invention.

Claims (6)

1, a kind of method of in the galvano-cautery lathe, controlling the electrode pumpback campaign of boring a hole; wherein be formed with the direction of vertically boring a hole; under the situation about being short-circuited between electrode and the workpiece of boring a hole; bore a hole electrode along giving fixed straight line pumpback track pumpback; it is characterized in that; when being short-circuited, the electrode of boring a hole is at first from short dot (P K) along the track (P that originally moved past K-P R) towards intermediate point (P R) a desired trajectory length of travelling backwards (δ), check there, to determine whether also to exist short circuit,, then make the electrode of boring a hole give fixed pumpback track (R) and move apart intermediate point (P along one if still exist short circuit there R).
2, method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that boring a hole electrode with respect to the electrode of boring a hole with respect to the acclivitous direction of the direction of boring a hole, move apart intermediate point (P along pumpback track (R) R), and from being shifted out the workpiece hole of ablation, its mode makes this pumpback track (R) be positioned at pumpback plane (RE), and this pumpback plane is
A) vertical with tangential plane (TE), this tangential plane is tangent at intermediate point (P) and ablation hole surface,
B) with respect to Normal plane (NE) inclination angle (β), this Normal plane is vertical with tangential plane (TE) and vertical at the tangent line (T) of intermediate point with ablation track (EB), the selection at angle (β) should make the incline direction of pumpback track (R) opposite with main ablation direction (HE), pumpback track (R) relatively tangential plane (TE) tilt one second jiao (90 °-α), this second jiao greater than 0 °, but less than 90 °.
3, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that in the ablation process, gives the coordinate (X, Y, Z) of deciding travelling backwards track (δ) and pumpback track (R) and is determined continuously.
4, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that giving the coordinate (X, Y, Z) of deciding travelling backwards track (δ) and pumpback track (R) and only just is determined after being short-circuited.
5, method according to claim 2 is characterized in that in the ablation process, pumpback plane (RE) thus two angles, position (α and β) determined continuously.
6, method according to claim 2 is characterized in that the position on pumpback plane (RE) and two angles (α and β) only just are determined after being short-circuited.
CN86104551A 1985-07-18 1986-07-18 Method for controlling withdrawal movement of countersink electrode in electroerosion machine Expired CN1010926B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19853525683 DE3525683A1 (en) 1985-07-18 1985-07-18 METHOD FOR CONTROLLED RETREAT MOVEMENT OF A LOWER ELECTRODE IN AN ELECTRIC EDM MACHINE
DEP3525683.4 1985-07-18

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CN86104551A CN86104551A (en) 1987-07-29
CN1010926B true CN1010926B (en) 1990-12-26

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CN86104551A Expired CN1010926B (en) 1985-07-18 1986-07-18 Method for controlling withdrawal movement of countersink electrode in electroerosion machine

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US (1) US4733040A (en)
EP (1) EP0209792B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS6219325A (en)
KR (1) KR920004596B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1010926B (en)
DE (2) DE3525683A1 (en)

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JPH0366525A (en) * 1989-08-04 1991-03-22 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Electric discharge machining device
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JP2698718B2 (en) * 1991-09-19 1998-01-19 ファナック株式会社 How to remove short circuit in wire cut electric discharge machine
DE19516990C2 (en) * 1995-05-09 1998-09-17 Agie Ag Ind Elektronik Process for EDM cutting by means of a wire-shaped electrode and EDM machine designed for this
JPH11823A (en) * 1997-06-12 1999-01-06 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Electric discharge machining device
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JP2010123755A (en) * 2008-11-19 2010-06-03 Canon Inc Exposure apparatus, and device manufacturing method
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JP6235531B2 (en) * 2014-08-11 2017-11-22 ファナック株式会社 Wire electric discharge machine with a function to move from an arbitrary retreat position in an electric discharge state and return to an interruption position
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DE3525683A1 (en) 1987-01-29
KR870000992A (en) 1987-03-10
JPS6219325A (en) 1987-01-28
JPH0553565B2 (en) 1993-08-10
EP0209792A1 (en) 1987-01-28
DE3525683C2 (en) 1987-05-27
US4733040A (en) 1988-03-22
CN86104551A (en) 1987-07-29
EP0209792B1 (en) 1990-09-19
KR920004596B1 (en) 1992-06-11
DE3674282D1 (en) 1990-10-25

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