CN101087147A - Transmitter and its base frequency processor and RF power amplifier modulating method - Google Patents
Transmitter and its base frequency processor and RF power amplifier modulating method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101087147A CN101087147A CNA2007100019262A CN200710001926A CN101087147A CN 101087147 A CN101087147 A CN 101087147A CN A2007100019262 A CNA2007100019262 A CN A2007100019262A CN 200710001926 A CN200710001926 A CN 200710001926A CN 101087147 A CN101087147 A CN 101087147A
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Abstract
The microwave transmitter of the present invention can perform two-terminal dynamic modulation with respect to the voltage supply terminal and the RF input terminal of a RF power amplifier. The microwave transmitter of the present invention comprises a first modulator and a second modulator. The first modulator uses the baseband digital delta-sigma modulation technique to process the envelope signal and outputs this signal to the voltage supply terminal of the RF power amplifier as a supply voltage. The second modulator uses the baseband digital pre-distortion technique to process the IQ-modulated carrier and outputs this signal to the RF input terminal of the RF power amplifier as a RF input signal. Thereby, the RF power amplifier can highly efficiently reconstruct the power-amplified RF modulated carrier without distortion at the RF output terminal. In addition, the baseband digital processing techniques used in the two modulators make the microwave transmitter of the present invention suitable for multi-mode operation.
Description
Technical field
The invention relates to a kind of transmitter, more particularly, the invention relates to and a kind ofly be applicable to various wireless telecommunication system transmitter specifications and reach the microwave transmitter and the method thereof of multimode transfer function.
Background technology
In the wireless telecommunications handheld device, main direct current power consumption comes from radio-frequency power amplifier.Therefore, make radio-frequency power amplifier can have high linearity and unlikelyly allow the amplifying signal distortion, and can have high efficiency simultaneously to prolong communication time, be the research emphasis of Design of RF Power Amplifier always.Especially in following wireless telecommunication system orthogonal frequency multitask (OFDM) digital modulation technique that will widely adopt have and become ripple bag characteristic when tangible, its peak to average power ratio value (PAPR) is high far beyond existing wireless telecommunication system, in other words its ripple bag is comparatively violent to the time variation, therefore also can be than higher to the linearity requirement of radio-frequency power amplifier.
According to prior art, the Design of RF Power Amplifier of traditional type can follow its linearity and efficient to accept or reject relation each other, and the requirement increase of the linearity must cause the reduction of efficient.Especially the traditional microwave transmitter power is controlled at small-power when output, and the Dc bias in the time of still can keeping high-power output, thereby cause consuming excessively of direct current power makes the dynamic operation decrease in efficiency of radio-frequency power amplifier.
At this problem, announce No. 578369 patent of invention at TaiWan, China and disclose a kind of high efficiency power amplifier system, be dynamically to adjust radio-frequency power amplifier supply voltage, to reduce the power consumption that Dc bias is caused when small-power is exported according to power output size.Yet for amplifying rf modulations carrier wave, must to accomplish further also that radio-frequency power amplifier supply voltage follows hard on the ripple bag changes in amplitude of exporting the rf modulations carrier wave and adjusts, could significantly promote its dynamic operation efficient with Shi Bianbo bag.
So, the ripple bag that is widely known by the people in the existing document is eliminated and rebuild (EER) transmitter architecture promptly is to use the suitching type radio-frequency power amplifier, as D class, E class or F class A amplifier A, its output radio-frequency carrier amplitude is proportional to the characteristic of supply voltage, the ripple bag signal of input radio frequency modulated carrier is separated and be sent to respectively the supply voltage end and the rf inputs of radio-frequency power amplifier with the carrier wave with phase information, allow ripple bag signal can dynamically modulate the supply voltage end and make radio-frequency power amplifier reach the purpose of high dynamic operation efficient.
Please refer to Fig. 1, the calcspar that shows a kind of EER transmitter architecture, this transmitter techniques is separated ripple bag signal and phase modulated carrier signal with analog circuit, the rf modulations carrier wave of change ripple bag is through behind ripple bag detector 101 and the limiter 102 when the having of input, just separable is the ripple bag signal 103 of low frequency and the phase modulated carrier signal 104 of calm bag change, its medium wave bag signal 103 is through the supply voltage end of S class modulator 105 with modulation suitching type radio-frequency power amplifier 106, and phase modulated carrier signal 104 can give power amplification in the high efficiency manipulation mode by suitching type radio-frequency power amplifier 106 because of not having the change of ripple bag.The characteristic that is proportional to direct current supply voltage by the output radio-frequency carrier amplitude of suitching type radio-frequency power amplifier 106 with ripple bag signal with amplify after phase modulated carrier signal combine, and after the transmitter output can obtain amplifying, have the rf modulations carrier wave 107 of change ripple bag when former.
Calcspar as shown in Figure 2, S class modulator 105 frameworks comprise pulse-width modulator 201, switching amplifier 202 and low pass filter 203, pulse-width modulator 201 is two stepwise pulse signals with the ripple bag conversion of signals of input, its pulse duration is proportional to the ripple bag signal amplitude of input, and through after switching amplifier 202 amplifications, ripple bag signal after can obtaining to amplify by low pass filter 203 again, this framework can have high linearity and high efficiency characteristic simultaneously, but only is fit to amplify the ripple bag signal 103 of low frequency.Because used suitching type radio-frequency power amplifier 106 and the S class modulator 105 of EER transmitter all has high efficiency characteristic, can effectively reduce the consumption of direct current power, so quite be fit to be applied on the various wireless telecommunications handheld devices.
Yet, according to prior art, the EER transmitter uses analogue technique to separate ripple bag signal 103 and phase modulated carrier signal 104, at last rf modulations carrier wave 107 its modulation accuracy of rebuilding gained at output not as the traditional microwave transmitter utilize the IQ modulation technique handle as accurately.Behind the low pass filter 203 of ripple bag signal 103 through S class modulator 105, its high frequency composition can partly suffer filtering, ripple bag signal after causing amplifying has the distortion situation at the low-voltage area with radio-frequency component, as shown in Figure 3, can't reappear original profound recess position, this zone, this can make the rf modulations carrier wave 107 generation frequency spectrums of output heavily increase phenomenon, and is difficult to meet the standard of wireless telecommunication system output spectrum.In addition, pulse-width modulator 201 need be used the signal source that can produce triangular wave, complexity that also can the raising system realizes and the chance that increases by 107 distortions of output rf modulations carrier wave.
For better modulation accuracy will be arranged, U.S.'s patent of invention proposes a kind of polar coordinate modulated framework No. 6377784, as shown in Figure 4.This framework is to realize that with the fundamental frequency digital technology rectangular coordinate is to polar converter 401, can allow the IQ signal of input accurately be converted into corresponding ripple bag signal and phase signal, ripple bag signal is sent into linear voltage modulator 402 to be used for dynamically adjusting with ripple bag amplitude of fluctuation the supply voltage of radio-frequency power amplifier 404 after doing digital-to-analogue conversion.In addition, phase signal is then sent into the frequency generator 403 with phase modulated function and is produced phase modulated carrier signal, sends into the rf inputs of radio-frequency power amplifier 404 again.Compared to the EER transmitter architecture, the polar coordinate modulated framework adopts the fundamental frequency digital technology accurately to separate ripple bag and phase place, can thereby obtain higher modulation accuracy at the rf modulations carrier wave that output produced.But employed linear voltage modulator 402 also has high efficiency characteristic as S class modulator 105, so its transmitter frequency is usually not as good as the EER transmitter.
In addition, if run into and have the modulation signal that characteristic such as QPSK or QAM etc. are got in zero friendship, when the signal vector track passes through zero point, phase place has the rapid variation of 180 degree, this moment, frequency generator 403 its frequency ranges of tool phase modulated function were not enough to produce phase place like this phase modulated carrier signal jumpy usually, only be applicable to successfully that not having zero hands on the multimode communication system of getting over characteristic so the polar coordinate modulated framework is present, such as 2G-GSM and 2.5G-EDGE dual-mode transmitter, but still can't be applicable to use to have zero the friendship in the wireless telecommunication system transmitter of getting over the characteristic modulation signal, such as 2G-GSM and 3G-CDMA dual-mode transmitter.
In the EER transmitter architecture, when the voltage feed end of suitching type radio-frequency power amplifier 106 runs into bigger ripple bag signal 103 voltages, its rf inputs need be imported bigger phase modulated carrier signal 104 power, allow transistor can switch in saturation region and cut-off region well, keep suitching type radio-frequency power amplifier 106 and operate in high efficiency mode.Yet when the voltage feed end runs into less ripple bag signal 103 voltages, same big phase modulated carrier signal 104 power of input cause 106 gains of suitching type radio-frequency power amplifier all to reduce with efficient on the contrary, and the phase modulated carrier signal 104 that also can cause rf inputs simultaneously leaks to output and has influence on the quality of output rf modulations carrier wave 107.So, No. the 6256482nd, U.S.'s patent of invention is a kind of to propose to look the method that ripple bag amplitude is dynamically adjusted rf inputs phase modulated carrier signal power at the EER transmitter architecture, can effectively improve EER transmitter dynamic operation efficient, but on the problem of above-mentioned relevant EER framework shortcoming modulation accuracy, then do not provide the way of solution.
Summary of the invention
Because the employed radio-frequency power amplifier of traditional microwave transmitter need make trade-offs between the linearity and efficient, and adopt the advantage of EER transmitter architecture can take into account high linearity and high efficiency simultaneously, but its main shortcoming comprises that modulation accuracy deficiency, pulse-width modulator are handled the easy distortion of ripple bag signal, the fixed carrier input power can cause problems such as dynamic operation decrease in efficiency and carrier leak, yet the present improvement method that proposes all can't overcome these shortcomings fully.
So the invention provides a kind of innovation microwave transmitter framework, and import the fundamental frequency digital processing technology significantly, not only can improve the various wireless telecommunication systems modulation specifications of signal modulation accuracy and easier adaptation and reach the function that multimode is transmitted.
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of transmitter architecture, improve known EER transmitter architecture, utilize and import the fundamental frequency digital processing technology significantly, to promote the degree of customized integrated circuit (IC) design.
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of transmitter architecture, improve known EER transmitter architecture, utilize the accuracy and amplification efficient of fundamental frequency numeral difference quadrature modulates skill upgrading ripple bag signal, utilize the IQ modulated carrier of distortion in advance to make it have change ripple bag characteristic, and can elasticity adjust the carrier wave input power, so as to improving problems such as dynamic operation efficient and carrier leak.
The invention provides a kind of transmitter, this transmitter comprises: a radio-frequency power amplifier has a power end, an input and an output; One first modulator couples the power end of aforementioned radio-frequency power amplifier and controls the power output of this radio-frequency power amplifier; And one second modulator, coupling the input of aforementioned radio-frequency power amplifier, aforementioned second modulator receives an IQ signal and provides to aforementioned input to produce the IQ modulated carrier; Wherein, aforementioned first modulator comprises: a ripple packet generation device receives an IQ signal to produce a digital wave bag signal; One difference quadrature modulates device receives this digital wave bag signal and is modulated at least two stepwise signals; And one at least one Control current source, this at least two stepwises conversion of signals is become a Control current, this Control current is through the supply of current of a low pass filter as this radio-frequency power amplifier.
The present invention also provides a kind of modulator approach of radio-frequency power amplifier, be used in a transmitter, this modulator approach comprises following steps: produce ripple bag signal with digital difference quadrature modulates technology, and second order modulation control one multidigit Control current source provides a supply of current to modulate the power end of aforementioned radio-frequency power amplifier at least; And handle to produce the IQ modulated carrier to modulate the input of aforementioned radio-frequency power amplifier with distortion in advance.
The present invention also provides a kind of fundamental frequency processor, is used in a transmitter, and this fundamental frequency processor comprises: a ripple packet generation device, in order to produce the corresponding digital wave bag signal of the modulation signal of wanting; One difference quadrature modulates device receives digital wave bag signal and is modulated at least two stepwise signals; One multidigit Control current source becomes a Control current with this at least two stepwises conversion of signals, and this Control current is through the supply of current of a low pass filter as a radio-frequency power amplifier; And a distorter in advance, in order to the input that compensates this microwave transmitter and the non-linear relation between output signal, so as to improving modulation accuracy and linearity parameter.
For achieving the above object, transmitter of the present invention is bestowed the both-end dynamic modulation to the supply voltage end and the rf inputs of radio-frequency power amplifier, modulation system can comprise the modulation of ripple bag, phase modulated and IQ modulation, the modulation signal of wherein supplying voltage end can be ripple bag signal, in advance distorted wave bag signal or contain the modulation signal that ripple is bundled into part; The modulation signal of rf inputs can be IQ modulated carrier, distortion IQ modulated carrier, phase modulated carrier signal, distortion phase modulated carrier signal or contain the phase modulated carrier signal that ripple is bundled into branch in advance in advance.
The ripple bag signal of transmitter of the present invention is directly produced by the fundamental frequency digital processing unit, handling the required pulse-width modulator of ripple bag signal then changes with digital difference quadrature modulates device replacement, difference quadrature modulates device does not need triangular wave signal source, is easy to be integrated in the fundamental frequency digital circuit.
In addition, the IQ modulated carrier that the phase modulated carrier signal that transmitter of the present invention is imported set wave bag amplitude for the radio-frequency power amplifier rf inputs then changes with distortion in advance replaces, allow it can elasticity adjust the carrier wave input power because of having change ripple bag characteristic, so as to improving problems such as dynamic operation efficient and carrier leak, but this IQ modulated carrier is owing to handle through distortion in advance, when with after ripple bag signal combines, the rf modulations carrier wave after the radio-frequency power amplifier output is rebuild the gained power amplification can thereby not produce any distortion phenomenon.
Microwave transmitter of being realized according to the present invention or the wireless telecommunications handheld device of implementing according to teaching of the present invention, improve the shortcoming that has the EER transmitter architecture now with the fundamental frequency digital technology, the high efficiency and the high linearity that are different from the traditional microwave transmitter are accepted or rejected relation each other.Take into account high linearity and high efficiency characteristic except that still possessing, the present invention also further strengthens its output rf modulations carrier wave quality and dynamic operation efficient, and the various wireless telecommunication systems of easier adaptation are modulated specifications and reached the function that multimode is transmitted.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that a ripple bag is eliminated the calcspar of rebuilding (EER) transmitter architecture.
Fig. 2 is the calcspar of S class modulator architecture shown in Figure 1.
Fig. 3 is for through S class modulator and amplify the sequential chart of postwave bag signal.
Fig. 4 is the calcspar of known polar coordinate modulated framework.
Fig. 5 is the calcspar of transmitter architecture of the present invention.
Fig. 6 handles the Organization Chart of the required difference quadrature modulates device of ripple bag signal for the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of transmitter operating concept of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a kind of calcspar of the radio hand-held equipment transceiver chip implemented according to teaching of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is the another kind of calcspar of the radio hand-held equipment transceiver chip implemented according to teaching of the present invention.
Figure 10 finishs the resolution chart that paired error vector amplitude (EVM), adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) and direct current power convert the conversion efficiency (ConvEff) of radio-frequency power to for the hardware of implementing according to teaching of the present invention is real.
Figure 11 increases the calcspar of ripple bag frequency range transmitter architecture for the present invention.
Figure 12 has the calcspar that back coupling controls transmitter framework for the present invention.
The calcspar that Figure 13 feedbacks control and increases ripple bag frequency range transmitter architecture for the present invention has.
Symbol description:
101... ripple bag detector
102... limiter
103... ripple bag signal
104... phase modulated carrier signal
105...S class modulator
106... suitching type radio-frequency power amplifier
107... rf modulations carrier wave
111... ripple packet generation device
112... first distorter and the delay control unit in advance
113... difference quadrature modulates device
114... multidigit Control current source
115... low pass filter
116... digital-analog convertor
117...IQ modulator
118... radio-frequency power amplifier
121... ripple packet generation device
122... delay control unit
123... difference quadrature modulates device
124...S class modulator
126... digital-analog convertor
127...IQ modulator
128... variable gain amplifier
128 ' ... radio-frequency power amplifier
131... ripple packet generation device
132... delay control unit
133... difference quadrature modulates device
134... multidigit Control current source
135... low pass filter
136... digital-analog convertor
137...IQ modulator
138... variable gain amplifier
138 ' ... radio-frequency power amplifier
140... back coupling control unit
141... ripple bag detector
142... analogue-to-digital converters
143... second distorter in advance
150... back coupling control unit
151... ripple bag detector
152... analogue-to-digital converters
153... second distorter in advance
201... pulse-width modulator
202... switching amplifier
203... low pass filter
401... rectangular coordinate is to polar converter
402... linear voltage modulator
403... frequency generator
404... radio-frequency power amplifier
501... ripple packet generation device
502... difference quadrature modulates device
503... switching amplifier
504... low pass filter
505... first distorter in advance
506... digital-analog convertor
507...IQ modulator
508... radio-frequency power amplifier
509... fundamental frequency processor
510...IQ modulated microwave transmitter architecture
701... output amplitude is to the characteristic of ripple bag amplitude
702... output amplitude to distortion in advance after the characteristic of IQ modulation signal amplitude
703... output amplitude is to the linear characteristic of input signal amplitude
801... fundamental frequency processor
802... rf processor
803... radio-frequency power amplifier
804... antenna
901... promote plural mould operation efficient fundamental frequency processor chips
902... handheld device transceiver chip
Embodiment
Filled and part described though the present invention will consult contain preferred embodiment of the present invention appended graphic, before this describes, be should be appreciated that the personage who is familiar with one's own profession can be modified in invention described herein, obtains effect of the present invention simultaneously.Therefore, must understand following description to the personage that is familiar with one's own profession skill and Yan Weiyi discloses widely, when using structure of the present invention in different microwave transmitter frameworks.Application of the present invention is when the preferred embodiment that is not limited only to the following stated.
At first, show the calcspar of multimode microwave transmitter framework of the present invention with reference to figure 5.In preferred embodiment of the present invention, the total two paths of signals of transmitter architecture is handled the path, the one path is a ripple bag signal processing, another path is distortion IQ modulation signal processing in advance, and the both-end dynamic modulation is bestowed to the supply voltage end and the rf inputs of radio-frequency power amplifier simultaneously in this two path.On ripple bag signal processing path, transmitter architecture of the present invention comprises: ripple packet generation device 501, difference quadrature modulates device 502, switching amplifier 503 and low pass filter 504, the present invention produces corresponding ripple bag signal with the IQ signal of input through ripple packet generation device 501, and fundamental wave bag signal can following mathematical expression be represented:
The E of gained is the amplitude size in the polar coordinates in the following formula (1), also the corresponding ripple bag of IQ signal signal is imported in representative, wherein square the computing with sqrt is not easy directly to realize with digital circuit, can be with reference to Ray Andraka in 22-24 day in February, 1998 the disclosed cordic algorithm of 191-200 page or leaf in FPGA ' 98.Proceedings of the1998 ACM/SIGDA sixth international symposium on Field programmablegate arrays, be to approach the ripple bag size that to try to achieve one by one with iteration technique, resulting digital wave bag signal is converted to two stepwise signals by a difference quadrature modulates device 502 again, the framework of difference quadrature modulates device 502 can be with reference to shown in Figure 6, and difference quadrature modulates device can be analog difference quadrature modulates device, analog pulse-width modulator, analog multistage or multistage difference quadrature modulates device, digital difference quadrature modulates device, the digital type pulse width modulator, digital multistage or multistage difference quadrature modulates device.
Be single order difference quadrature modulates shown in this Fig. 6, input signal X surpasses the then output " 1 " of the accurate position of quantification through behind the integration by being judged as of quantizer, otherwise then be " 0 ", and will export that negative feedback is to input as a result, and this is the action of difference, its transfer function can be expressed as follows formula:
Y＝X+(1-z
-1)e (2)
Wherein e represents the quantizing noise that quantizer is introduced, can find that from following formula output signal Y equals input signal X and adds differentiated quantizing noise, and difference is equal to the action that signal energy is pushed away past high frequency on frequency domain, the signal Y of gained output is the pulse signal of two stepwises, can be applicable to high efficiency switching amplifier 503 amplifies signal, treat that it will be pushed after the quantizing noise filtering of high frequency through low pass filter 504, can obtain to be the incoming wave bag waveform after amplifying.This amplification ripple bag signal inputs to the supply voltage end of radio-frequency power amplifier 508, makes radio-frequency power amplifier 508 outgoing carriers be bestowed Modulation and Amplitude Modulation from the change ripple bag signal of supply voltage end.
On the path of distortion IQ modulation signal processing in advance, transmitter architecture of the present invention comprises: first distorter 505 in advance, digital-analog convertor 506 and IQ modulator 507, the present invention passes through numeral first distorter 505 in advance with the IQ signal of input, and be corresponding analog signal with the IQ signal transition after the distortion in advance via digital-analog convertor 506, relend by the rf inputs signal of the carrier wave after the 507 generation IQ modulation of IQ modulator as radio-frequency power amplifier 508, this measure is to allow the carrier wave of input can elasticity adjust the carrier wave input power because of having change ripple bag characteristic, so as to improving problems such as dynamic operation efficient and carrier leak, but this IQ modulated carrier is owing to handle through distortion in advance, when with after ripple bag signal combines, the rf modulations carrier wave after radio-frequency power amplifier 508 outputs are rebuild the gained power amplification can thereby not produce any distortion phenomenon.In different embodiments of the invention, the IQ signal of input also can be earlier through first distorter 505 in advance, its output signal is incoming wave packet generation device 501 and digital-analog convertor 506 respectively again.
In multimode microwave transmitter framework of the present invention, first in advance distorter 505 utilize digital technology to come non-linear relation between compensation transmitter input and output signal, and main cause comes from the non-linear phenomena of radio-frequency power amplifier 508, and radio-frequency power amplifier 508 can be amplifier circuits such as category-A, category-B, AB class, C class, D class, E class or F class.First in advance the circuit function of distorter 505 comprise and change IQ fundamental frequency signal, ripple bag signal, phase signal or radio-frequency carrier amplitude, in order to the non-linear phenomena of the contained assembly of compensate for emission machine circuit, so as to seeking to improve the modulation accuracy and the linearity parameter of output rf modulations carrier wave.
Fig. 7 shows the schematic diagram of transmitter operating concept of the present invention, the output amplitude of transmitter to ripple bag amplitude variations characteristic shown in characteristic 701, when low ripple bag amplitude, can leak to output because of the input radio-frequency carrier signal, and make output amplitude that one fixing lower limit be arranged, when the Gao Bobao amplitude, then present linear relationship with output amplitude.And in advance distorter can make transmitter output amplitude to distortion in advance after the IQ modulation signal produce relation as characteristic 702, when the low-output signal amplitude, present linear relationship, when the high output signal amplitude, then facilitate it saturated and a fixed upper limit arranged.Characteristic 702 and 703 just presents the mutual compensation relationship of multiplication form, so when two path signals meet at radio-frequency power amplifier 508, can obtain the perfect linear relationship of output amplitude to input signal amplitude, shown in characteristic 703.
The embodiment of the invention hard-wired benefit comprise the ripple packet generation device 501 that adopts, difference quadrature modulates device 502 and first in advance distorter 505 realized in fundamental frequency digital processing mode, high efficiency switching amplifier 503 and low pass filter 504 can utilize the fundamental frequency analog signal processing technology to be achieved, digital-analog convertor 506 then is to utilize the fundamental frequency hybrid signal processing, more than all circuit can be referred to as and promote plural mould operation efficient fundamental frequency processor 509.Because existing fundamental frequency signal process chip designs its function can be quite powerful, satisfy various wireless telecommunication system modulation specifications easily, so therefore the technology of the present invention is fit to be applied in multi-mode wireless system.Give forbidden energy (disable) if will promote the function of plural mould operation efficient fundamental frequency processor 509, then Sheng Xia IQ modulator 507 and radio-frequency power amplifier 508, then set up jointly inefficient but have the conventional I Q modulated microwave transmitter architecture 510 of high linearity, give activation (enable) if will promote the function of plural mould operation efficient fundamental frequency processor 509, then improving becomes the multimode microwave transmitter framework that has high efficiency and high linearity concurrently.This means the special case that conventional I Q modulated microwave transmitter architecture can be considered present embodiment, and can extend two kinds of radio hand-held equipment transceiver chip frameworks of following realization transmitter of the present invention thus, further specifies as follows.
Please refer to Fig. 8, a kind of calcspar of the radio hand-held equipment transceiver chip of Display Realization transmitter of the present invention.According to teaching of the present invention, in the conventional wireless handheld device transceiver chip the inefficient transmitter architecture that adopts can be expanded by former fundamental frequency circuit and become high efficiency trasmitters framework of the present invention.The radio hand-held equipment transceiver chip comprises fundamental frequency processor 801, rf processor 802 and radio-frequency power amplifier 803 3 parts, and radio-frequency power amplifier 803 outputs connect antenna 804 signal is launched.Integration function based on the design of fundamental frequency signal process chip, as long as the present invention is promoted plural mould operation efficient fundamental frequency processor 509 circuit is implemented in the transmitter frequency that can significantly promote radio hand-held equipment in the fundamental frequency processor 801, and be fit to plural mould operation simultaneously.
Please refer to Fig. 9, the another kind of calcspar of the radio hand-held equipment transceiver chip of Display Realization transmitter of the present invention.Do not changing under conventional wireless handheld device transceiver chip 902 frameworks, can will promote plural mould operation efficient fundamental frequency processor 509 independent exploitations becoming lifting plural mould operation efficient fundamental frequency processor chips 901 according to teaching of the present invention.As shown in Figure 9, radio hand-held equipment transceiver chip 902 running of can arranging in pairs or groups of this chip 901 is so that the transmitter frequency of radio hand-held equipment equally has the advantage that can significantly promote under plural mould operation.
Do in fact at hardware according to embodiment illustrated in fig. 5, the present invention has finished a 1.9GHz PCS frequency range and has been applied to CDMA2000 1x system, and has a high efficiency microwave transmitter of control function of power, wherein the fundamental frequency digital technology is to realize it with FPGA, and other mixed signal and analog circuit are to realize it with existing IC product.On the transmitter integration testing, producing a data rate with FPGA is that the qpsk modulation signal of 1.2288Msymbols/s is as the fundamental frequency input signal.In addition, switching amplifier 503 its direct current supply voltage setting values that amplify ripple bag signal are relevant with the output power of transmitter size, because big more power output needs big more ripple bag amplitude, so also need big more direct current supply magnitude of voltage.
Figure 10 shows when this direct current supply magnitude of voltage is set in 3.3V, the test result of suitable transmitting power under 13dBm to the 22dBm control range situation.Test parameter comprises weighs the used error vector amplitude (EVM) of modulation accuracy, weighs the used adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) of the linearity, and weighs the conversion efficiency (ConvEff) that the used direct current power of transmitter frequency converts radio-frequency power to.The EVM value is about 5.8% among Figure 10, and the ACPR value is about 48dBc, all satisfies the code requirement of CDMA2000 1x system, if can continue adjustment first distorter 505 in advance, then can allow EVM and ACPR value continue to improve.The ConvEff value is near 48% in specified power control range, and it is about 45% to be converted into power added efficiency (PAE), all is much better than the transmitter frequency of existing product in the performance.
In addition, can find the feature that transmitter of the present invention is important from Figure 10: promptly EVM value, ACPR value and ConvEff value are almost irrelevant with power output, and can present correlation closely with power output, and be that EVM value and ACPR value are the relations of accepting or rejecting each other with respect to efficient (ConvEff or PAE) to these electrical parameters of traditional microwave transmitter architecture.When so the advantage of microwave transmitter of the present invention requires different output power facing different operating mode, the electrical parameter quality that all can be maintained fixed.
Please refer to Figure 11, show that the present invention increases the calcspar of ripple bag frequency range microwave transmitter framework.Present embodiment is embodiment illustrated in fig. 5 for improving, make the microwave transmitter transmission rate that is increased, transmitter architecture has two paths of signals equally and handles the path, the one path is a ripple bag signal processing, handle with postponing the IQ modulation signal for distortion in advance in another path, and the both-end dynamic modulation is bestowed to the supply of current and the rf inputs of radio-frequency power amplifier simultaneously in this two path.On ripple bag signal processing path, transmitter architecture of the present invention comprises: ripple packet generation device 111, first is distorter and postpone control unit 112, difference quadrature modulates device 113, multidigit unit Control current source 114 and low pass filter 115 in advance, and wherein this multidigit Control current source 114 also can be a Control current source.The present invention produces corresponding ripple bag signal with the IQ signal of input through ripple packet generation device 111, resulting digital wave bag signal is through first distorter and postpone control unit 112 and be converted at least two stepwise signals by a difference quadrature modulates device 113 more in advance, the difference quadrature modulates device 113 of this one at least two stepwise output, can reduce needed oversampling rate in the difference integration, so for the difference quadrature modulates device 113 of identical operating frequency, the output of multiple stage type can bring higher message transmission rate more, so can allow this framework be more suitable for being used for the communication system of high data rate; The signal of difference quadrature modulates device 113 outputs is the pulse signal of at least two stepwises, utilize multidigit Control current source 114 conversion of signals to be become the supply of current of radio-frequency power amplifier 118, treat that it will be pushed after the quantizing noise filtering of high frequency through low pass filter 115, can obtain to be the incoming wave bag waveform after amplifying.This ripple bag signal is the supply of current of radio-frequency power amplifier 118, utilize the mode of control supply of current to reach the purpose of controlling radio-frequency power amplifier 118, make radio-frequency power amplifier 118 outgoing carriers be bestowed Modulation and Amplitude Modulation from the change ripple bag signal of supply of current end.
Handle on the path at distortion in advance and delay IQ modulation signal, transmitter architecture of the present invention comprises: first distorter and postpone control unit 112 in advance, digital-analog convertor 116 and IQ modulator 117, the present invention with the IQ signal of input through first distorter and postpone control unit 112 in advance, and be corresponding analog signal with the IQ signal transition behind distortion in advance and the delay correction via digital-analog convertor 116, relend by the rf inputs signal of the carrier wave after the 117 generation IQ modulation of IQ modulator as radio-frequency power amplifier 118, this measure is to allow the carrier wave of input can elasticity adjust the carrier wave input power because of having change ripple bag characteristic, so as to improving problems such as dynamic operation efficient and carrier leak, but this IQ modulated carrier is owing to handle through distortion in advance, when with after ripple bag signal combines, the rf modulations carrier wave after radio-frequency power amplifier 118 outputs are rebuild the gained power amplification can thereby not produce any distortion phenomenon.Aforementioned delay is controlled unit and is handled in order to coordinate two paths of signals, makes the signal in two paths reach synchronous.In different embodiments of the invention, the IQ signal of input also can be earlier through first distorter in advance, its output signal is incoming wave packet generation device and digital-analog convertor respectively again.
In this embodiment shown in Figure 11, a fundamental frequency processor that is used in this transmitter comprises that this ripple packet generation device 111, this difference integration are transferred and causes device 113, this multidigit Control current source 114, this first distorter and postpone control unit 112 and this digital-analog convertor 116 in advance according to the present invention.Wherein, this ripple packet generation device 111 is in order to produce the corresponding digital wave bag signal of the modulation signal of wanting; This difference integration is transferred and caused device 113 is in order to receive this digital wave bag signal and to be modulated at least two stepwise signals; This multidigit Control current source 114 also can be one one Control current source, and it is in order to be a Control current with this at least two stepwises conversion of signals, causes this Control current through the supply of current of low pass filter 115 as radio-frequency power amplifier 118; This first distorter and to postpone control unit 112 be in order to the input that compensates this transmitter and the non-linear relation between output signal in advance, and use and improve modulation accuracy and linearity parameter; And this digital-analog convertor 116 is in order to first distorter and the output signal that postpones control unit 112 are converted to the corresponding simulating signal in advance with this.
Furthermore, this difference integration is transferred and is caused that device 113 can be an analog difference quadrature modulates device, analog pulse-width modulator, analog multistage or multistage difference quadrature modulates device, digital type difference quadrature modulates device, digital type pulse-width modulator, digital type is multistage or multistage difference quadrature modulates device; And this first distorter and the circuit function that postpones control unit 112 comprise and change IQ fundamental frequency signal, ripple bag signal, phase signal or radio-frequency carrier amplitude in advance.And this ripple packet generation device 111, this difference integration are transferred and are caused device 113 and this first distorter and postpone control unit 112 and realize with the fundamental frequency digital processing technology in advance, 116 of this digital-analog convertors realize with the fundamental frequency hybrid signal processing, and this transmitter and comprise that a transceiver chip is in order to be coupled to processor running frequently of this machine.
Because the process drift of manufacture process makes each assembly have a little otherness, in the use of circuit, temperature often changes to some extent because of environment and the change of operating time simultaneously.Therefore under the variation of all external environments, the characteristic of circuit also has significant variation, under sane requirement, the output of radio-frequency power amplifier can be feedback again to distorter in advance, as Figure 12 and shown in Figure 13.This feedback path comprises a back coupling control unit, and this back coupling control unit further comprises ripple bag detector, analogue-to-digital converters and second distorter in advance.The output of radio-frequency power amplifier has comprised the suffered influence under varying environment of all circuit, by ripple bag detector this conversion of signals is arrived low frequency, utilize analogue-to-digital converters that this analog signal conversion is digital signal, again with the input of the only control signal of finding out of digital mode adaptability with the modulation radio-frequency power amplifier, this feedback path is the variation situation of supervisory circuit dynamically, and improves the linearity of power amplifier.Below further specify.
Please refer to Figure 12, show that the present invention has the calcspar of back coupling controlled microwave transmitter architecture.In this embodiment of the present invention, make microwave transmitter have one and feedback control to improve the linearity of power amplifier.Transmitter architecture has two paths of signals and handles the path, and the one path is a ripple bag signal processing, and handle for postponing the IQ modulation signal in another path, and the both-end dynamic modulation is bestowed to the supply voltage and the rf inputs of radio-frequency power amplifier simultaneously in this two path.On ripple bag signal processing path, transmitter architecture of the present invention comprises: ripple packet generation device 121, delay control unit 122, difference quadrature modulates device 123 and S class modulator 124.The present invention produces corresponding ripple bag signal with the IQ signal of input through ripple packet generation device 121, resulting digital wave bag signal is converted to two stepwise signals by a difference quadrature modulates device 123 again through postponing control unit 122, at last via S class modulator 124 with modulated RF power amplifier 128 ' the supply voltage end, wherein S class modulator 124 and difference quadrature modulates device 123 explanation of Fig. 2 and Fig. 6 does not as described above repeat them here.
Postponing on the IQ modulation signal processing path, transmitter architecture of the present invention comprises: postpone control unit 122, digital-analog convertor 126, IQ modulator 127, variable gain amplifier 128 and back coupling control unit 140, wherein this back coupling control unit 140 comprises ripple bag detector 141, analogue-to-digital converters 142 and second are distorter 143 in advance, this ripple bag detector 141 detect radio-frequency power amplifiers 128 ' output feedback ripple bag signal to produce, should feedback the ripple bag through analogue-to-digital converters 142 signal digitalized, by second in advance distorter 143 receive digitized back coupling ripple bag signal and the delayed digital wave bag signals of this ripple packet generation device.
The present invention controls unit 122 with the IQ signal of input through delay, and be corresponding analog signal with the IQ signal transition behind the delay correction via digital-analog convertor 126, relend by IQ modulator 127 and produce carrier wave after the IQ modulation, after variable gain amplifier 128 amplifies as radio-frequency power amplifier 128 ' the rf inputs signal.
The gain of above-mentioned variable gain amplifier 128 is determined by second output of distorter 143 in advance, this second in advance distorter 143 receive the output signal (digitized back coupling ripple bag signal) of analogue-to-digital converters 142 and the delayed signal (digital wave bag signal) of output of ripple packet generation device 121, control the gain of this variable gain amplifier 128 to produce a control signal.In different embodiments of the invention, the IQ signal of input also can pass through delay control unit earlier, and its output signal is distinguished incoming wave packet generation device and digital-analog convertor again.
Please refer to Figure 13, show that the present invention has the calcspar of feedbacking control and increasing ripple bag frequency range microwave transmitter framework.In this embodiment of the present invention, make microwave transmitter have back coupling control and increase transmission rate.As shown in the figure, transmitter architecture has two paths of signals and handles the path, the one path is a ripple bag signal processing, and handle for postponing the IQ modulation signal in another path, and the both-end dynamic modulation is bestowed to the supply of current and the rf inputs of radio-frequency power amplifier simultaneously in this two path.On ripple bag signal processing path, transmitter architecture of the present invention comprises: ripple packet generation device 131, delay control unit 132, difference quadrature modulates device 133, multidigit unit Control current source 134 and low pass filter 135, wherein this multidigit Control current source 114 also can be a Control current source.
The present invention produces corresponding ripple bag signal with the IQ signal of input through ripple packet generation device 131, and resulting digital wave bag signal is converted at least two stepwise signals by a difference quadrature modulates device 133 again through postponing control unit 132; The signal of difference quadrature modulates device 133 outputs is the pulse signal of at least two stepwises, utilize multidigit Control current source 134 with conversion of signals become radio-frequency power amplifier 138 ' supply of current, treat that 135 filterings are pushed behind the quantizing noise of high frequency through low pass filter for it, can obtain to be the incoming wave bag waveform after amplifying.This ripple bag signal be radio-frequency power amplifier 138 ' supply of current, utilize the mode of control supply of current reach control radio-frequency power amplifier 138 ' purpose, make radio-frequency power amplifier 138 ' outgoing carrier be bestowed Modulation and Amplitude Modulation from the change ripple bag signal of supply of current end.
Postponing on the IQ modulation signal processing path, transmitter architecture of the present invention comprises: postpone control unit 132, digital-analog convertor 136, IQ modulator 137, variable gain amplifier 138 and back coupling control unit 150, wherein this back coupling control unit 150 comprises ripple bag detector 151, analogue-to-digital converters 152 and second are distorter 153 in advance, this ripple bag detector 151 detect radio-frequency power amplifiers 138 ' output feedback ripple bag signal to produce, should feedback the ripple bag through analogue-to-digital converters 152 signal digitalized, by second in advance distorter 153 receive digitized back coupling ripple bag signal and the delayed digital wave bag signals of this ripple packet generation device.
The present invention controls unit 132 with the IQ signal of input through delay, and be corresponding analog signal with the IQ signal transition behind the delay correction via digital-analog convertor 136, relend by IQ modulator 137 and produce carrier wave after the IQ modulation, after variable gain amplifier 138 amplifies as radio-frequency power amplifier 138 ' the rf inputs signal.The gain of above-mentioned variable gain amplifier 138 is determined by second output of distorter 153 in advance, this second in advance distorter 153 receive the output signal (digitized back coupling ripple bag signal) of analogue-to-digital converters 152 and the delayed signal (digital wave bag signal) of output of ripple packet generation device 131, control the gain of this variable gain amplifier 138 to produce a control signal.In different embodiments of the invention, the IQ signal of input also can be earlier through distorter in advance, its output signal is incoming wave packet generation device and digital-analog convertor respectively again.In different embodiments of the invention, the IQ signal of input also can be earlier through postponing the control unit, and its output signal is distinguished incoming wave packet generation device and digital-analog convertor again.
Based on the foregoing description, a kind of modulator approach that is used in the radio-frequency power amplifier of a transmitter of the present invention comprises: produce ripple bag signal at first step with digital difference quadrature modulates technology, and second order modulation control one multidigit Control current source 134 provides a supply of current to modulate the power end of this radio-frequency power amplifier at least; And handle to produce the IQ modulated carrier to modulate the input of this radio-frequency power amplifier 138 ' with distortion in advance in second step.Wherein this multidigit Control current source 134 also can be a Control current source.
And this modulator approach can further comprise: the corresponding ripple bag signal of handling the modulation signal of being wanted with digital difference quadrature modulates device 133; With second distorter 153 drive signal that cooperate digital-analog convertors 152 and IQ modulator 137 to produce to have phase place and ripple bag to modulate in advance, and provide the input of this drive signal to this radio-frequency power amplifier 138 '; Utilize to postpone control to coordinate synchronous between this first step and second step; The output of detecting this radio-frequency power amplifier 138 ' to be obtaining a feedback signal, and handles this feedback signal with distortion in advance, comes the gain of this input of modulation; And ripple bag conversion of signals is become supply of current with this multidigit Control current source 134 of the modulation of second order at least control, and provide to this power end.
After describing preferred embodiment of the present invention in detail, being familiar with this technology personage can clearly understand, can carry out various variations and change not breaking away under following claim and the spirit, and the present invention also is not subject to the execution mode of the illustrated embodiment of specification.
Claims (23)
1. a transmitter is characterized in that, this transmitter comprises:
One radio-frequency power amplifier has a power end, an input and an output;
One first modulator couples the power end of aforementioned radio-frequency power amplifier and controls the power output of this radio-frequency power amplifier; And
One second modulator couples the input of aforementioned radio-frequency power amplifier, and aforementioned second modulator receives an IQ signal and provides to aforementioned input to produce the IQ modulated carrier;
Wherein, aforementioned first modulator is characterized in that comprising:
One ripple packet generation device receives an IQ signal to produce a digital wave bag signal;
One difference quadrature modulates device receives this digital wave bag signal and is modulated at least two stepwise signals; And
One at least one Control current source becomes a Control current with this at least two stepwises conversion of signals, and this Control current is through the supply of current of a low pass filter as this radio-frequency power amplifier.
2. transmitter as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that aforementioned difference quadrature modulates device can be analog difference quadrature modulates device, analog pulse-width modulator, analog multistage or multistage difference quadrature modulates device, digital difference quadrature modulates device, digital type pulse width modulator, digital multistage or multistage difference quadrature modulates device.
3. transmitter as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that aforementioned second modulator comprises: distorter, a digital-analog convertor and an IQ modulator in advance.
4. transmitter as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that the circuit function of aforementioned distorter in advance comprises change IQ fundamental frequency signal, ripple bag signal, phase signal or radio-frequency carrier amplitude.
5. transmitter as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that further comprising: one postpones the control unit, in order to coordinate synchronous between aforementioned first step and second step.
6. transmitter as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that further comprising: a back coupling control unit, the output that detects aforementioned radio-frequency power amplifier is to obtain a feedback signal, the digital wave bag signal of this feedback signal and this ripple packet generation device is handled with distortion in advance, with the gain of the aforementioned input of modulation.
7. transmitter as claimed in claim 6, wherein aforementioned back coupling are controlled unit and be it is characterized in that comprising: a ripple bag detector, detect aforementioned output to produce this feedback signal; One analogue-to-digital converters are with this feedback signal digitlization; And a distorter in advance, receive the digital wave bag signal of digitized feedback signal and this ripple packet generation device, to control a variable gain amplifier, this variable gain amplifier is coupled to aforementioned input.
8. transmitter as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the aforementioned power source termination receives the ripple bag signal of a low frequency.
9. transmitter as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that aforementioned input receives one and has the phase modulated carrier signal that changes the ripple bag.
10. transmitter as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that aforementioned radio-frequency power amplifier can be category-A, category-B, AB class, C class, D class, E class or F class A amplifier A circuit.
11. the modulator approach of a radio-frequency power amplifier is used in a transmitter, it is characterized in that, the modulator approach of this radio-frequency power amplifier comprises following steps:
Produce ripple bag signal with digital difference quadrature modulates technology, and one at least one Control current source of second order modulation control provides a supply of current to modulate the power end of aforementioned radio-frequency power amplifier at least; And
Handle generation IQ modulated carrier to modulate the input of aforementioned radio-frequency power amplifier with distortion in advance.
12. the modulator approach of radio-frequency power amplifier as claimed in claim 11 is characterized in that further comprising: the corresponding ripple bag signal of handling the modulation signal of being wanted with digital difference quadrature modulates device.
13. the modulator approach of radio-frequency power amplifier as claimed in claim 11, it is characterized in that further comprising: have the drive signal of phase place and the modulation of ripple bag with distorter cooperation digital-analog convertor and the generation of IQ modulator in advance, and the input of this drive signal to aforementioned radio-frequency power amplifier is provided.
14. the modulator approach of radio-frequency power amplifier as claimed in claim 11 is characterized in that further comprising: utilize to postpone control to coordinate synchronous between aforementioned first modulator and second modulator.
15. the modulator approach of radio-frequency power amplifier as claimed in claim 11 is characterized in that further comprising: the output that detects aforementioned radio-frequency power amplifier is to obtain a feedback signal; And handle this feedback signal with distortion in advance, come the gain of the aforementioned input of modulation.
16. the modulator approach of radio-frequency power amplifier as claimed in claim 11 is characterized in that further comprising: with one at least one Control current source of the modulation of second order at least control ripple bag conversion of signals is become supply of current, and provide to the aforementioned power source end.
17. a fundamental frequency processor is used in a transmitter, it is characterized in that, this fundamental frequency processor comprises:
One ripple packet generation device is in order to produce the corresponding digital wave bag signal of the modulation signal of wanting;
One difference quadrature modulates device receives digital wave bag signal and is modulated at least two stepwise signals;
One at least one Control current source becomes a Control current with this at least two stepwises conversion of signals, and this Control current is through the supply of current of a low pass filter as a radio-frequency power amplifier; And
One distorter in advance is in order to the input that compensates this transmitter and the non-linear relation between output signal, so as to improving modulation accuracy and linearity parameter.
18. fundamental frequency processor as claimed in claim 17 is characterized in that aforementioned difference quadrature modulates device is analog difference quadrature modulates device, analog pulse-width modulator, analog multistage or multistage difference quadrature modulates device, digital difference quadrature modulates device, digital type pulse width modulator, digital multistage or multistage difference quadrature modulates device.
19. fundamental frequency processor as claimed in claim 17 is characterized in that the circuit function of aforementioned distorter in advance comprises change IQ fundamental frequency signal, ripple bag signal, phase signal or radio-frequency carrier amplitude.
20. fundamental frequency processor as claimed in claim 17 is characterized in that aforementioned transmitter comprises a transceiver chip, this transceiver chip couples aforementioned fundamental frequency processor running.
21. fundamental frequency processor as claimed in claim 17 is characterized in that further comprising: digital-analog convertor is converted to the corresponding simulating signal in order to the output signal with aforementioned distorter in advance.
22. fundamental frequency processor as claimed in claim 17, distorter realizes with the fundamental frequency digital processing technology to it is characterized in that reaching aforementioned waves packet generation device, difference quadrature modulates device in advance.
23. fundamental frequency processor as claimed in claim 21 is characterized in that aforementioned digital-analog convertor realizes with the fundamental frequency hybrid signal processing.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US81209706P | 2006-06-09 | 2006-06-09 | |
| US60/812,097 | 2006-06-09 |
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| CN101087147A true CN101087147A (en) | 2007-12-12 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CNA2007100019262A Pending CN101087147A (en) | 2006-06-09 | 2007-01-15 | Transmitter and its base frequency processor and RF power amplifier modulating method |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102572328A (en) * | 2010-12-24 | 2012-07-11 | 北京北广科技股份有限公司 | Multimode digital television exciter |
| CN103427644A (en) * | 2012-05-15 | 2013-12-04 | 英特尔移动通信有限责任公司 | DC-DC converter for envelope tracking |
| CN107438946A (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2017-12-05 | 弗劳恩霍夫应用研究促进协会 | Amplify the method for input signal |
-
2007
- 2007-01-15 CN CNA2007100019262A patent/CN101087147A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102572328A (en) * | 2010-12-24 | 2012-07-11 | 北京北广科技股份有限公司 | Multimode digital television exciter |
| CN102572328B (en) * | 2010-12-24 | 2014-09-10 | 北京北广科技股份有限公司 | Multimode digital television exciter |
| CN103427644A (en) * | 2012-05-15 | 2013-12-04 | 英特尔移动通信有限责任公司 | DC-DC converter for envelope tracking |
| CN103427644B (en) * | 2012-05-15 | 2016-08-10 | 英特尔移动通信有限责任公司 | Dc-dc for envelope-tracking |
| CN107438946A (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2017-12-05 | 弗劳恩霍夫应用研究促进协会 | Amplify the method for input signal |
| CN107438946B (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2021-04-27 | 弗劳恩霍夫应用研究促进协会 | Method for amplifying input signal |
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