CN101085689B - Turbid water particles acceleration, sedimentation and separation device and method - Google Patents
Turbid water particles acceleration, sedimentation and separation device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101085689B CN101085689B CN2006100874491A CN200610087449A CN101085689B CN 101085689 B CN101085689 B CN 101085689B CN 2006100874491 A CN2006100874491 A CN 2006100874491A CN 200610087449 A CN200610087449 A CN 200610087449A CN 101085689 B CN101085689 B CN 101085689B
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Abstract
The invention provides a device and method for fast depositing and separating particles in wastewater. It makes use of principle of laminar flow limit, particle fast vertical deposition and clean water horizontal outlet to separate particle from clean water physically, and collects clean water with clean water pipes at different height, the condensed wastewater is discharged to waters nearby after proper treatment. The invention can reduces the water turbidity dramatically and increases the water cleaning rate for following tap water.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to particulate settling separation device and method in the former water of a kind of muddiness, relate in particular to a kind of apparatus and method of utilizing the physics accelerated mode to separate particulate and clear water in the former water, with the high turbidity particulate of the former water of remarkable reduction, be beneficial to the water purification flow path that follow-up traditional running water is handled.
Background technology
Water service is the important indicator of a modernized society, the primary demand of common people's health, industrial development and business prosperity not only concerns, further closely bound up with common people's diet demand and health health, it is very important people's livelihood construction during government holds power that steady quality, absolutely safe, the intact running water of supply are provided.The tradition running water is handled and is based on good raw water quality and stable running water purification facility, and ten to 1,000,000 tons of running water that meet drinking water standard just are provided.But under environmental threat situations such as earthquake typhoon natural disaster, hillside fields are excessively developed, water and soil conservation is bad; under the heavy rain situation; from the mountain area dumping tower tray and under rainwash contain a large amount of small sand grains; cause the raw water turbidity at running water water source too high; influence follow-up running water water purification process, further cause various places lack of water crisis in recent years.
Turbidity in the former water mainly comes from rainwash and washes away littoral sandy soil and the heavy mud of the reservoir sedimentation of kicking up, because the fine particles of its particulate (less than 20 microns, 10
-6M), be difficult for precipitation, further increase the degree of difficulty that running water is handled.Tradition running water water purification mode comprises filter and rapid filtration system slowly, now because difficulty is obtained in the soil increases sharply with water requirement, needs vast soil, filter mode slowly that water yield is low to reduce gradually, the substitute is water yield greatly, the fast filter method of water stabilization.Running water is filtered processing mode soon and is comprised dosing coagulation, stirring gelling, gravitational settling, the fast filter of layer of sand and chlorination etc.The maximum jinx that running water is filtered method soon is turbidity, dissolved matter and smell etc. in the water, wherein the excess particulate is mostly to add chemical coagulator, make it produce flocculate, in sedimentation basin sedimentation subsequently, with the sand filter of the fast filter of antifouling, to promote tap water quality and to make the running water that meets drinking water standard.Yet a large amount of mud of chemical coagulator meeting output also can make flocculate density reduce sedimentation smoothly.If rapid filter needs to improve the backwash frequency of filtering ponds because of often blocking, just recovered its filtering function, also can influence tap water quality but increase the backwash frequency.Behind heavy rain, raw water turbidity tens thousand of turbidity units (nephelometric turbidity units that rises violently often, NTU), in traditional running water decontamination procedure, can't handle the former water of this high turbidity with dosing coagulation, sedimentation at short notice, and very easily block filtering ponds, cause running water processing system to be paralysed comprehensively, seriously influence the normal water purification function of traditional waterworks, and cause long-time regionality to be cut off the water.Running water is a people's livelihood base substance, and the supply that lacks running water often causes common people's health and livehood economy sharply to worsen, and the social concern of deriving further is difficult to calm down.Therefore cause under the muddy situation of former water at storm runoff, reduce the former water of high turbidity and become the important topic that the running water emergency is handled.
Causing the main cause that turbidity sharply increases in the water is suspended particulates too much in the water, and in the process, suspended particulates continue to mix with current and stirring because water flows, and causes the suspended particulates can't sedimentation.According to aforesaid slow filtering system, when muddy water left standstill, large-scale particulate was because its settling velocity is higher, so the precipitation that takes the lead in; Secondly be medium-sized particulate; Last small-sized particulate could leave standstill under the situation settlement for a long time.But said circumstances all must just can be realized definitely leaving standstill under the situation, but because the demand of running water rises year by year, also can't in limited soil, seek vast area, setting is left standstill treatment facility and is handled the former water of high turbidity, leave standstill the validity of processing method still more, still quite queried for the former water of high turbidity.
In the routine techniques, also once used centrifugal process in the former water of the high turbidity of processing, yet centrifugal process may consume a large amount of electric energy, centrifugal rotation causes the current troubled water, makes the turbidity removal treatment effect still very limited.Therefore, the most normal use in present stage waterworks still is to add a large amount of coagulant with the routine techniques of handling the former water of high turbidity, quicken the formation of flocculate, the bottom that the increases sedimentation basin speed of drawing water to promote the flocculate sedimentation rate, is taken out the comparatively limpid processing water in sedimentation basin top at last, carry out the mode of filtration treatment again, but its shortcoming causes flocculate density to descend for the flocculate volume increases, and causes settleability not good.Chemical in addition gelling agent produces a large amount of chemical sludges, also might cause the subsequent environments pollution problem.
Generally speaking, the accessible raw water turbidity of running water need be lower than 500NTU, but owing to people's livelihood demand during the lack of water is eager, the waterworks still must be handled up to 5 under emergency, and the former water of 000NTU is to reach the requirement of set running water output.But the impact of the former water of too high turbidity, the lighter will block filtering ponds when serious, even cause the waterworks to be paralysed comprehensively except that causing the tap water quality reduction, be unable to supply running water.
Therefore a kind ofly can overcome above-mentioned routine techniques shortcoming, as: consuming a large amount of electric energy, not good, the chemical gelling agent of flocculate settleability produces a large amount of chemistry mud etc., is that everybody looks forward to and can alleviate the former water of high turbidity for the device and/or the method for the impact of running water water treatment plant.
Summary of the invention
Main purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of turbid water particles that need not add any chemical coagulator to quicken settling separation device and method.Other purpose of the present invention also comprises restriction that a kind of non-processor turbidity upper limit is provided, need not add any chemical coagulator, use minimum electric power and financial cost, can handle continuously become a mandarin muddy water with go out to flow water purification, and need not the turbid water particles acceleration settling separation device and the method for special maintenance.
The present invention in one embodiment, relates to a kind of turbid water particles under not disturbance laminar flow conditions and quickens settling separation device.Described device mainly comprises: a shell, a hollow cone shape current accelerator and a particulate inspissator.Shell comprises: a hollow cylindrical body at the different height of its perisporium, is provided with a plurality of water purification collector pipes, and is provided with at least one mud discharging mouth in its bottom; One airtight top board comprises one and is opened on its central authorities, and described airtight top board is arranged at the inboard, top near described hollow cylindrical body; With a base plate, comprise one and be opened on its central authorities, described base plate is arranged at the bottom of described hollow cylindrical body.Hollow cone shape current accelerator, be arranged among the described shell, described hollow cone shape current accelerator comprises that one has larger-diameter water inlet and and has delivery port than minor diameter, and one between described water inlet and delivery port, the diminishing converging transition of diameter, the outer rim of described water inlet engages with the described opening of the airtight top board of described shell.The particulate inspissator, be arranged in the described opening of described shell bottom plate, and be positioned at the below of the described delivery port of described hollow cone shape current accelerator, and described particulate inspissator comprises a birdsmouth, the outer rim of described birdsmouth engages with the described opening of the described base plate of described shell.
The present invention in another embodiment, relates to a kind of turbid water particles that uses and quickens sedimentation method for separating under not disturbance laminar flow conditions.Described method comprises the following steps: that (a) provides a shell, and described shell comprises: a hollow cylindrical body at the different height of its perisporium, is provided with a plurality of water purification collector pipes, and is provided with at least one mud discharging mouth in its bottom; One airtight top board comprises one and is opened on its central authorities, and described airtight top board is arranged at the inboard, top near described hollow cylindrical body; With a base plate, comprise one and be opened on its central authorities, described base plate is arranged at the bottom of described hollow cylindrical body; (b) provide a hollow cone shape current accelerator, be arranged among the described shell, described hollow cone shape current accelerator comprises that one has larger-diameter water inlet and and has delivery port than minor diameter, and one between described water inlet and delivery port, the diminishing converging transition of diameter, the outer rim of described water inlet engages with the described opening of the airtight top board of described shell; (c) provide a particulate inspissator, be arranged in the described opening of described shell bottom plate, and be positioned at the below of the described delivery port of described hollow cone shape current accelerator, and described particulate inspissator comprises a birdsmouth, the outer rim of described birdsmouth engages with the described opening of the described base plate of described shell; (d) the described delivery port of the described hollow cone shape current accelerator of definition is a particulate and water purification laminar flow Disengagement zone to the described birdsmouth of described particulate inspissator; (e) the guiding muddy water enters from the described water inlet of described hollow cone shape current accelerator; (f) accept the concentrated muddy water that quickens outflow by the described delivery port of described hollow cone shape current accelerator from the birdsmouth of described particulate inspissator, and collect the particulate of sedimentation vertically downward that separates with water purification laminar flow Disengagement zone through described particulate; (g) collect through described particulate and water purification laminar flow Disengagement zone from the described a plurality of differing heights water purification collector pipes of described hollow cylindrical body, and towards the water purification of horizontal direction and described separation of particles; (h) deposit in the mud of described hollow cylindrical body bottom edge from described at least one mud discharging mouth collection of described hollow cylindrical body.
The present invention is that (Reynolds number is less than 1 under the laminar flow situation of not disturbance water body for the control current, 000 situation), current and the particulate that suspends are wherein from top to bottom improved speed with pyramid type current accelerator, the vertical inertia acceleration mode that descends of particulate thereby generation in the water, to have simultaneously with respect to particulate and have higher ambulant polywater micel, slowly move with horizontal direction, make particulate and clear water carry out physical property and separate, reach the water turbidity clean-up effect.Apparatus and method of the present invention can make follow-up traditional running water handling process bring into play its existing function as treatment facility before under the high turbidity situation of the former water of running water.
Main theoretical basis comprises among the present invention: the Reynolds number restriction of (1) laminar flow, the linear current situation of not disturbance in the control current; (2) degree of excursion of particulate and water clusters and diffusion coefficient, control vertical sedimentation particulate and level flow out the separate condition of clear water; (3) the gravity terminal sinking speed of particle, the vertical inertial settling of control different-grain diameter particulate etc.Now be described below respectively:
1. the Reynolds number of laminar flow restriction:
Object moves in fluid, and issuable main active force has two kinds, and one is the inertia force that object acceleration or deceleration cause, the frictional force that another active force causes for the fluid media (medium) viscosity.The ratio of inertia force and viscous force is Reynolds number (Reynolds Number, basic definition Re).Reynolds number is defined as follows:
Re=inertia force/viscous force=ρ vd/ μ (formula 1)
In the following formula, ρ is a fluid density; V is a rate of flow of fluid; D is the particle diameter of object or the fluid caliber of flowing through; μ is the viscosity of fluid under different temperatures.
When fluid process object, be under the main situation with viscous force, the situation that fluid flows is called laminar flow (laminar flow) or linear flow (streamline flow).Laminar flow is flowed through in the quite long distance in upstream and downstream of object, all is to present the streamline situation, because fluid almost presents not state of disturbance because viscous force is leading.The inertia force that moves in fluid when object is during gradually greater than viscous force, and the streamline situation fades away, and that rise is turbulent flow (Turbulence) thereupon.The flow through downstream part of object of turbulent flow almost presents the mixing phenomena of quick disorder.Laminar flow is converted in the turbulent flow process, and Reynolds number can increase gradually, and this scope is called the transitional period (Intermediate), because in this scope, and the phenomenon that the inclusion of fluid, temperature, viscosity all may cause laminar flow and turbulent flow to change at any time.The reynolds number range of laminar flow, transitional period and turbulent flow is (reference: Fluid Mechanics, Ch.6, Ed.Frank M.White, McGraw-Hill Inc.1979) as shown in Table 1.
Table one
| Reynolds number range | The fluid situation |
| 0<Re<1,000 | Laminar flow |
| 1,000<Re<10,000 | Transitional period |
| 10,000<Re | Turbulent flow |
The present invention in flow process, is subjected to the interference of turbulent flow for fear of particulate, so the particulate and the clear water isolation technics of the present invention's design, needs to carry out under the interference-free situation of fluid flow line.In any particulate and clear water separation process and position, all need keep the laminar flow situation, just can bring into play maximum treatment effect.Reynolds number needs below 1,000 in the apparatus and method design water flow field therefore of the present invention, avoids the generation of turbulent flow on the one hand, prevents that on the other hand the particulate of sedimentation from kicking up once again.
2. the degree of excursion of particulate and diffusion coefficient
Particulate and clear water separate cardinal principle for both significantly different degree of excursion (mobility, M).In the laminar flow scope, degree of excursion is defined as:
In the following formula, M is the particle degree of excursion; Cc is the Cunningham correction factor, is used for revising shuttle back and forth coefficient between fluid molecule of fine particle; μ is the viscosity of water, and d is a particle diameter.Learnt that by following formula particulate is big more, its degree of excursion is more little, and also the particulate that representative is big more is difficult for moving under the laminar flow situation.Therefore in linear laminar flow scope, particulate is not easy to shift out existing streamline as moving in the laminar flow streamline.
Diffusion coefficient is to describe the important parameter that particle moves in fluid, and diffusion coefficient is the concentration difference of material, produces the situation of high concentration toward the low concentration diffusion.Particle is more little, and is easy more mobile in fluid media (medium), means the high diffusion coefficient of small-particle, and the expression particle can move freely in fluid.Particle is in the moving process of fluid media (medium), and the frictional force of fluid media (medium), viscous force and resistance all can change its particle travel direction and speed.In addition, in the general environment fluid, flowing velocity is exceedingly fast, and majority belongs to the high turbulent flow of Combination (Turbulent flow) phenomenon, further increases the probability that particle in the water suspends and flows, and makes suspended particulates sedimentation voluntarily in the former water of high turbidity.The diffusion coefficient of particle can be represented by the formula:
D=MkT (formula 3)
In the following formula, D is the particle diffusion coefficient, and k is Boltzmann's constant (Boltzmann constant), and T is an absolute temperature.Degree of excursion is high more, and the speed that unit of display strength produces is bigger, i.e. the also very fast (reference: Aerosol Science and Technology, Ch.9,2 of the diffusion velocity of particle
NdEd.Parker C.Reist, McGraw-HillInc.1993).
For hydrone, though only about 2 dusts (10 of single hydrone size dimension
-10M), but hydrone can't be with the motion of single hydrone in the environment, mostly moves with polymerizable molecular group, and the size of actual polywater micel and flow rate of fluid, water temperature, viscosity, water-soluble substances, ionic strength are relevant.At room temperature, each polywater micel comprises 100 hydrones approximately.Suppose the polywater micel for spherical, its diameter is about 5 times single hydrone full-size(d), i.e. 0.001 μ m is 4.56 * 10 at the diffusion coefficient of 25 ℃ of following polywater micels
-5Cm
2/ sec (reference: Diffuision, Mass transfer in fluid systems, Ch.5, Ed.E.L.Cussler, CCambridge University Press, 1984) is far beyond the diffusion coefficient (4.56 * 10 of 1 μ m solids
-9Cm
2/ sec) exceed 10,000 times.So can utilize the diffusible marked difference of polywater micel and particulate, under laminar flow stream condition, particulate gravitational settling and horizontal direction polywater micel by vertical direction shift out mode, carry out the separating treatment of particulate and clear water.
3. the gravity terminal sinking speed of particle
According to the diameter of particle distribution investigation result of raw water turbidity, diameter of particle can be up to 200 μ m (micron, 10 in the former water
-6But also have little m), to 0.1 μ m.Under the laminar flow situation, particle is subjected to gravity effect, can reach poised state with fluid resistance, the terminal sinking speed (Terminal Settling Velocity, the V that cause particle gravity to cause
T).The V of large-scale particle
THigher, the short time is sedimentation voluntarily, but fine particle V
TSlowly, as not by the physics or the chemical method of particular design, be difficult for getting rid of in the short time.
By in the table two, can learn the different-grain diameter particle, at terminal sinking speed and one meter required time of sedimentation of 20 degree Celsius.The V of 10 μ m and 100 μ m
TDifference is up to 100 times, one meter needs of 10 μ m particle precipitations 3.4 hours, and 100 μ m only need 2.1 minutes, hence one can see that, as only removing turbidity particulate in the water with the gravitational settling mode, the particle that particle diameter is more little needs more time of repose, just can realize removing the purpose of particulate in the water.
Therefore, the present invention at first controls laminar flow (Laminar flow) situation of current in not disturbance, makes fluid produce the streamline linear phenomena, and the particulate particle is difficult for interactive interference and collision along with stream line motion in the water.Quicken the terminal sinking speed of design and particle gravitational settling by current, particulate is along with sedimentation under the linear current direction, just as slowly disengaging the passenger in the horizontal direction in vertical down escalator in the water.The high diffusion that cooperates the polywater micel makes clear water slowly move toward horizontal direction, the vertical different-grain diameter particle that descends of pile warp, and do not disturb its original inertial settling motion.So, do not adding under any chemical agent situation, the available physical mode is separated particulate and the clear water that occupies the overwhelming majority in the former water, reaches the purpose of removing particulate.
Table two
| Diameter of particle (μ m) | Terminal sinking speed (V T，cm/sec) | 1 meter required time of sedimentation |
| 0.1 | 2.5×10 -6 | 472 days |
| 0.6 | 3.8×10 -5 | 31 days |
| 1 | 9.6×10 -5 | 12 days |
| 6 | 3.0×10 -3 | 9.3 |
| 10 | 8.2×10 -3 | 3.4 hour |
| 20 | 0.033 | 51 |
| 60 | 0.294 | 5.7 minute |
| 100 | 0.815 | 2.1 minute |
| 200 | 3.26 | 30 seconds |
Please referring to Fig. 1, it moves horizontally schematic diagram for sedimentation of particulate vertical gravity and hydrone.Particulate separates situation can be described by the relative motion situation of particulate and clear water with clear water.Polywater micel horizontal side, may be passed through near the particulate (P) of vertical sedimentation different-grain diameter when shifting out to (D2), but because the protection of microparticle surfaces stagnant layer (T), water clusters is difficult for direct collision particulate (P), goes on every side around it on the contrary.Because the degree of excursion of different-grain diameter is different with the terminal sinking speed, the particulate (P) that quickens sedimentation in vertical direction (D1) is not subject to the lateral stream influence, and along original vertical direction sedimentation.When (D2) was mobile, as the particulate (P) of the sedimentation vertically downward of flowing through, the streamline of water can follow stagnant layer (T) edge on particulate (P) surface to pass through to the polywater micel in horizontal side, and did not interfere with the particulate (P) of vertical sedimentation.
Via above-mentioned Reynolds number restriction, the linear current situation of not disturbance in the control current about utilization of the present invention (1) laminar flow; (2) degree of excursion of particulate and water clusters and diffusion coefficient, control vertical sedimentation particulate and level flow out the separate condition of clear water; (3) the gravity terminal sinking speed of particle, after the theory explanation of the vertical inertial settling of control different-grain diameter particulate etc., the those skilled in the art can learn very clearly that the present invention can reach many as the aforementioned purposes of the present invention and effect really.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 moves horizontally schematic diagram for sedimentation of particulate vertical gravity and hydrone.
Fig. 2 is the generalized section of one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the local enlarged diagram of above preferred embodiment of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Referring to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, be one embodiment of the invention please, it quickens settling separation device for a kind of turbid water particles and a kind of turbid water particles that uses under not disturbance laminar flow conditions quickens sedimentation method for separating.Wherein device comprises: a shell (20), hollow cone shape current accelerators (10), a particulate inspissator (30) and a sieve, for example No. 200 sieves (50).Shell (20) comprising: a hollow cylindrical body (25), different height at perisporium, be provided with a plurality of water purification collector pipes, for example: high, medium and low three groups of water purification collector pipe (24a, 24b, be provided with at least one mud discharging mouth (26) 24c) and in its bottom, the inside diameter of hollow cylindrical body (25) is 15 centimetres, highly be 105 centimetres, be required to be the container that can bear 1.5 meters water depth pressure, its material is thick 1 centimetre firm, inner level and smooth acryl, stainless steel or PVC material, and is fit to carry out the continuous processing of the former water of long-time high turbidity.Each water purification collector pipe (24a, 24b, 24c) and be provided with water regulator.
Shell (20) has an airtight top board (22) in addition, comprises an opening (22a) in wherein, and airtight top board (22) is arranged at the inboard, top near hollow cylindrical body (25); With a base plate (28), comprise an opening (28a) in wherein, base plate (28) is arranged at the bottom of hollow cylindrical body (25).
Hollow cone shape current accelerators (10) are arranged among the shell (20), it is preferably a height is 70 centimetres, the conical tube of plastic material, comprise a larger-diameter water inlet of a top tool (12) and a bottom tool delivery port (14) than minor diameter, wherein the diameter of water inlet (12) is 10 centimetres, the diameter of delivery port (14) is 5 centimetres, comprise footpath diminishing converging transition (16) always in the middle of both, corner cut is less than 20 degree outside delivery port (14) edge, flow-disturbing phenomenon when quickening the current outflow to reduce, the outer rim of water inlet (12) engages with opening (22a) edge of the airtight top board of shell (22).In addition, water inlet (12) is with spiral driving fit mode and the water proof rubber separating device as former water of dirt and accelerated clariqier, separately dirty become a mandarin former water with handle after go out to flow water purification.Conical current accelerators (10) mainly act as the increase flow rate of water flow, increase by flow velocity, promote the inertial settling speed vertically downward of turbid water particles.
Particulate inspissator (30) is arranged in the opening (28a) of shell bottom plate (28), and be positioned at the below of the delivery port (14) of hollow cone shape current accelerators (10), particulate inspissator (30) comprises a birdsmouth (32) and a flow control valve (60), in order to the sewage discharge rate of control particulate inspissator (30) discharge.The birdsmouth (32) of particulate inspissator (30), its outer rim engages with opening (28a) edge of shell bottom plate (28), and have diameter greater than delivery port (14) diameter of hollow cone shape current accelerators (10), and outside birdsmouth (32) edge corner cut less than 20 degree.The birdsmouth (32) of particulate inspissator (30) is accepted turbid water particles and a small amount of current-carrying water of vertically falling, and the simmer down to high-turbidity sewage, owing to do not use any chemical substance, the dirty water after concentrating can be discharged running water water treatment plant in simple and easy processing back.
The delivery port (14) of hollow cone shape current accelerators (10) defines a particulate and water purification laminar flow Disengagement zone (40) between the birdsmouth (32) of particulate inspissator (30), and its length is approximately 20 centimetres (Disengagement zone length is not above 30 centimetres).No. 200 sieves (50) are arranged on the water inlet (12) of hollow cone shape current accelerators (10), are used for flow velocity and regulate and the stationary flow condition, and can avoid the top to go into the flowing water disturbing phenomenon, have influence on the laminar flow stream condition in the accelerator (10).
As shown in Figures 2 and 3, the turbid water particles that utilizes said apparatus to reach to use under not disturbance laminar flow conditions quickens sedimentation method for separating and is at first to guide the muddy water that becomes a mandarin (W) and enters said apparatus from the water inlet (12) of hollow cone shape current accelerators (10), and utilize the descending change of pyramid type current accelerator (10) sectional area, make the muddy water that becomes a mandarin (W) acceleration particulate and clear water Disengagement zone (40) (purpose that the present invention impels particulate (P) to quicken in laminar flow by the below, be to pass through as quickly as possible particulate and clear water Disengagement zone (40) of length-specific, reduce escape out the chance of Disengagement zone (40) of particulate (P)), and particulate (P) also quickens thereupon in the water, produce inertia vertically downward, cause clear water (CW) with its high mobility, go out Disengagement zone (40) towards the horizontal direction drift, particulate (P) is then because of the particulate inspissator (30) under vertically inertial settling arrives.This method is provided with a mud discharging mouth (26) in hollow cylindrical body (25) bottom simultaneously, collects and deposits in the mud of hollow cylindrical body (25) bottom edge.
Subsequently, accept by the delivery port (14) of hollow cone shape current accelerators (10) from the birdsmouth (32) of particulate inspissator (30) and to quicken to flow out, and the particulate (P) that separates with water purification laminar flow Disengagement zone (40) through particulate.On the other hand then from hollow cylindrical body (25) differing heights etc. a plurality of water purification collector pipes (24a, 24b 24c) collect that horizontal direction slowly shifts out Disengagement zone (40) and the water purification (CW) that separates with particulate (P).
Wherein, in the pyramid type current accelerator (10), water inlet (12) is between converging transition (16), form a current stabilization district (17), it act as and makes current even, forms the stably stratified flow streamline, reduce the disturbance of water flow inside as far as possible, make suspended particulates (P) stable to the lower linear sedimentation.Form one in the converging transition (16) of pyramid type current accelerator (10) and shrink accelerating region (18), its purpose is to make current to quicken, and particulate in the water (P) also quickens thereupon, produces inertial settling characteristic vertically downward.The converging transition (16) of pyramid type current accelerator (10) forms one and quickens current stabilization district (19) between delivery port (14).The interior streamline of current accelerator (10) is retracted to the acceleration current stabilization district (19) of 5 centimetres of internal diameters from the current stabilization district (17) of 10 centimetres of internal diameters, the fluid accelerator also need be avoided flow disturbance, still must keep laminar flow stream condition.Quicken acting as of current stabilization district (19) particulate (P) is lower than at Reynolds number in 1,000 the laminar flow stream condition, along fast stable but under the not disturbance streamline situation, quicken sedimentation downwards.
In addition, Disengagement zone (40) are the emphasis of separating particles of the present invention (P) with clear water (CW), and under quick unconfined flow state, particulate (P) quickens sedimentation according to its original vertical downward direction, and sedimentation enters particulate inspissator (30), is discharged after concentrating; And the polywater micel moves toward horizontal direction according to its high diffusance, break away from this district (40) after, clear water moves up and discharges with three kinds of differing heights.This section length needs density, the particle diameter according to particulate (P) to distribute and flow characteristics is designed.
As described above, in clear water (CW) horizontal direction outwards slowly in the moving process, current stream condition that must not disturbance Disengagement zone (40) is in order to avoid cause turbulent flow, cause clear water (CW) drift to go out Disengagement zone (40), particulate (P) is then because of the particulate inspissator (30) under vertically inertial settling arrives.By this, the particulate of vertical sedimentation (P) carries out physical property synchronously with the clear water (CW) that level shifts out to be separated, and reaches the water purification purpose that reduces particulate (P).
Because the muddy water that becomes a mandarin (W) by particulate and water purification laminar flow Disengagement zone (40) need remain on laminar condition, so the Reynolds number that this method need be controlled the sewage of flow through particulate and water purification laminar flow Disengagement zone (40) is lower than 1000.The control Reynolds number is lower than 1000 method and is to reach the required flow rates of Reynolds number design (for example Re=500) value via the calculating decision of (formula 1), be arranged at flow control valve (60) in the particulate inspissator (30) by control and allow the flow and the water purification collecting pipe (24a that pass through, 24b, 24c) allow the flow that passes through with the water regulator of bottom discharge pipeline, control the flow velocity of flow through particulate and water purification laminar flow Disengagement zone (40) with control, and then control Reynolds number.
In the said process, owing to have less particulate (P) along with clear water flows out, clear water makes progress in the flow process, high-order water purification collecting pipe (24a) position is higher, collects comparatively clean water matter of turbidity, and in, low water purification collecting pipe (24b, water quality 24c) is lower because of elevation, and water quality is also relatively poor.Look the raw water turbidity demand, can select the outflow clear water of differing heights, do follow-up clean water treatment.Each water purification collecting pipe (24a, 24b, 24c) discharge is controlled with water regulator, discharge need be adjusted according to actual separation of particles situation, form the clear water district (21) that moves up in the process that clear water moves up: the clear water that (40) move horizontally outward in the Disengagement zone, clear water collecting pipe (24a, the 24b of differing heights above being subjected to, 24c) influence, clear water (CW) is to upper edge pyramid type accelerating tube (10) flows outside.Though pyramid type accelerating tube (10) outside area dwindles gradually, (24b 24c) shifts out, and the clear water flow velocity that makes progress can keep almost constant speed's situation because clear water is progressively by low, middle water purification collecting pipe.The clear water velocity flow profile situation that makes progress, (water regulator 24c) is controlled for 24a, 24b by the high, medium and low water purification collecting pipe that is positioned at separator four sides.
For reaching preferred effect, this method can further comprise adjusts flow control valve (60), discharge the sewage discharge rate that comprises particulate (P) with control particulate inspissator (30), make the sewage discharge rate account for integral body and go into about 25% of streamflow, with via flow control valve (60) and water purification collecting pipe (24a in control particulate inspissator (30), 24b, 24c) allow the flow that passes through with the water regulator of bottom discharge pipeline, flow through time of staying of sewage (W) of particulate and water purification laminar flow Disengagement zone (40) below 60 seconds with control, the water velocity that the delivery port (14) of control hollow cone shape current accelerators (10) is located is about 1 cel and three groups of water purification collector pipe (24a of control, 24b, 24c) water purification of Shou Jiing account for guiding the muddy water that becomes a mandarin (W) about 70%, the displacement of bottom discharge pipeline is about about 5%.
By as can be known aforementioned, the main design basis of the inventive method comprises: the investigation of turbidity, diameter of particle distribution and density in the former water of (1) target; (2) circular cone current accelerator geometry and laminar flow stream condition restriction; (3) Disengagement zone characteristic, length and particulate, clear water separate condition; (4) the outflow allotment ratio of differing heights clear water collecting pipe; (5) design of particulate inspissator with go out flow rate.Be described below respectively:
1. the investigation of turbidity, diameter of particle distribution and density in the former water water of target: the diameter of particle in the muddy water is the result behind rain drop erosion silting or the soil layer, because of place, time, rainfall have significantly different with intensity, even at identical former water intake, also may produce distinct diameter of particle, Density Distribution situation in different periods, season, rainfall situation.By diameter of particle (d
p) percent profile, density of particle (ρ
p), the investigation of the viscosity (μ) of water, can calculate the terminal sinking speed (V of particle diameter
T), and then the particle diameter desired parameters of particulate and possible removal turbidity efficient are removed in design.
2. the geometry of circular cone current accelerator and laminar flow stream condition restriction: utilize the convergent shape how much, design up big and down small symmetric form pyramid type current accelerator, improve flow rate of water flow, but must keep current stream condition at laminar flow scope (Laminarflow, Reynolds number need be lower than 1,000).In the pyramid type current accelerator, particulate is followed the streamline in the laminar flow in the water, carries out rectilinear motion, and the inertia terminal sinking speed that produces by gravity makes particulate remain on vertical direction and continues sedimentation again., behind 100 meter dash, can't stop immediately just as the player, advance and continue original direction of motion inertia.Therefore, particulate improves flow velocity via how much convergent current accelerators in the design water, and keeps laminar flow stream condition, quickens to carry out the centrifugation of polywater micel and particulate by particulate clear water Disengagement zone.
3. Disengagement zone characteristic, length and particulate, clear water separate condition: diameter of particle is big more, because the cause of its mass inertia is difficult for being subjected to force direction to produce displacement, so its degree of excursion is low more.The high diffusibility of low degree of excursion and polywater micel by particulate, after particulate was leaving pyramid type current accelerator, particulate quickened in the infall process in vertical direction, and guiding polywater micel carries out horizontal side to slow outflow.Disengagement zone length is long more, and extensible clear water amount is high more, but particulate side direction outflow situation is also high more; Disengagement zone length is short more, causes clear water side direction flow velocity big more, causes the turbulent flow probability also to promote thereupon, reduces particle removal efficiency on the contrary.Suitable separation length helps under set particle removal efficiency, obtains maximum clear water discharge.The muddy water that concentrates then is deposited to bottom center particulate inspissator, is collected the back and discharges.
The design of particulate inspissator with go out flow rate: the particulate inspissator is positioned under the central Disengagement zone, be responsible for to collect the particulate of inertia sedimentation vertically downward.The outflow of particulate inspissator must remain on integral body about 25% of the flow that becomes a mandarin, and promptly can guide out 75% clear water approximately in the Disengagement zone, and effluent quality still must be decided on the particle diameter distribution scenario of former water particulate.The flowing water particle concentration that goes out of particulate inspissator significantly improves because of inspissation, but because of the present invention does not use any chemical agent, therefore suitably handling under this sewage situation, should be discharged near water body, to avoid potential secondary environmental pollution situation.
5. the outflow allotment ratio of differing heights clear water collecting pipe: the different high-rise clear water collecting pipes around the clear water guiding device of Disengagement zone is located at outside the Disengagement zone, the clear water that flow out the guiding Disengagement zone, upwards flow, the flow velocity that clear water makes progress can be designed by the terminal sinking speed of main particle diameter particle.The clear water collecting pipe is collected high highly more person, and water quality is clarification more.The height of clear water collecting pipe and relative water flow allocation situation need to be controlled according to diameter of particle distribution situation in the water.
Characteristics of the present invention are to utilize the high diffusion of the gravitational settling inertia and the polywater micel of particulate in the former water, divide dried up middle particulate and clear water, reach the purpose of removing turbidity.Because density of particle is the key that produces gravitational settling, so this method should not used any chemical coagulator.As use chemical coagulator, though increase the flocculate volume, density but obviously reduces, the design principle that the particulate sedimentation separates with clear water among further unfavorable the present invention.Priority application of the present invention can be handled the former water of running water of the no turbidity upper limit for (1); (2) need not add any chemical coagulator; (3) use minimum electric power and maintenance; (4) continuous clean water treatment of free of discontinuities formula etc.
Quicken the design principle of sedimentation separation method according to muddy water, the former water of high turbidity flows in the gravity mode naturally from pyramid type current accelerator top, after former water process is stablized No. 200 sieves of flow velocity, enter the pyramid type accelerator of 10 centimetres of diameters, utilize the up big and down small round outlet pipe that shrinks gradually to increase flow rate of water flow, particulate also quickens thereupon in the former water.The accelerator exit is 5 centimetres a round tube, and the stream condition also is required to be Reynolds number and is lower than 1,000 laminar flow stream condition.
Under laminar condition, particulate passes through the particulate and the clear water Disengagement zone of characteristic length as quickly as possible with the linear speed after quickening.Quicken between sedimentation period at Disengagement zone particulate straight line, guiding has higher diffusible polywater micel, shift out this Disengagement zone along horizontal direction, clear water flows upward to the water purification collecting pipe of side differing heights, collected the processing clear water that clean level does not wait, reached the purpose that reduces turbidity, purification of water quality.
The processing water purification of water purification collecting pipe gained, still must by traditional running water soon the mode of filtering handled.For the concentrated turbidity sewage of vertical sedimentation, then discharge by the particulate inspissator.Because the present invention does not use any chemical substance, this high-turbidity sewage can directly discharge near water body, and avoid environment to suffer the secondary pollution of chemical agent after suitably mode is handled.
Required basic document of the present invention comprises: and the turbidity (NTU) of the former water of high turbidity that becomes a mandarin, suspended particulates weight concentration (Suspended Solid, SS), data such as diameter of particle distribution situation, density, operation water temperature.Quicken the main points that the sedimentation separation method designs according to muddy water, need to consider laminar flow restriction (Laminar Flow Limitation), particulate vertical sedimentation (Particle
Vertical Deposition) with clear water horizontal separation (Water Horizontal Separation) three principles.The situation of current stream condition be must be in strict conformity with the laminar flow scope, can not the disturbance current, allow particulate maintenance linear flow; Need impel particulate to quicken the sedimentation that produces with gravity inertial downwards because of current in vertical direction; Make stable in the horizontal direction the shifting out of polywater micel of high diffusion, collected by the clear water collecting pipe of differing heights.According to former water particulate basic document and above-mentioned three principles, the geometry of design pyramid type flow accelerating installation and size, separation of particles section length, particulate inspissator size, clear water collecting pipe are fetched water highly and requirement such as flow-control.
Emphasis of the present invention comprises the water purification gathering system etc. of geometry designs, particulate and clear water Disengagement zone length-specific, particulate inspissator and the differing heights of pyramid type current accelerator.Main invention characteristic is described below:
1. the geometry designs of circular cone current accelerator is a cone shape, make the current speed-up ratio reach as high as 25 times, it is high more to quicken multiple, separating effect is good more, but the water purification water yield also reduces relatively, Preliminary design with quicken four times ideal, still must remain on the laminar flow scope but quicken back current stream condition, the Reynolds number of suggestion design is 500.
2. current stream condition is controlled by the elevation of going into flowing water, each elevation outlet water control valve of pure water pipe and particulate inspissator outlet valve in the separator, and need reach the requirement of separator inner laminar flow stream condition, and must not the interior current of disturbance separator.
Particulate and clear water separation mechanism be according to the polywater micel in the horizontal direction diffusance be higher than the inertial settling speed of particulate in vertical direction.The density that this design needs to grasp particulate really distributes with diameter of particle, in order to the rate of flow of water that goes out of the length-specific that designs particulate and clear water Disengagement zone and each outlet valve, just can reach the separating effect of best particulate and clear water.
4. particulate inspissator: the particulate inspissator is with a bigger reducing pipe of top birdsmouth, accepts particulate and a small amount of current-carrying water vertically fallen, the simmer down to high-turbidity sewage.The internal diameter of particulate inspissator top birdsmouth needs to quicken to bring out a mouthful internal diameter greater than accelerator, and the discharge of sewage behind the concentrated turbidity is controlled with the rear water regulator, and the water yield is about integral body and goes into 1/4th of streamflow.
5. the water purification collecting pipe is divided into the discharge pipeline of high, medium and low three road pure water pipes and lowermost end, and this four part is collected into 3/4ths of the flowing water water yield altogether; The particulate inspissator then need be kept 1/4th total water current amount.Because the present invention does not use any chemical substance to carry out the coagulation chemical action, the high-turbidity sewage after therefore concentrating can directly enter near water body after suitably handling.
Separate particulate Investigation and Design process in the former water of high turbidity, need be divided into following phases:
1. the investigation of the former water characteristic of high turbidity: need to analyze particulate turbidity and basic documents such as SS weight concentration association, diameter of particle distribution, density of particle, water temperature in the former water, the assessment particulate is in the settleability of different-grain diameter, as the reference that designs separate design.
2. the geometry of pyramid type accelerator: decision become a mandarin flow and flow velocity, assessment laminar flow design Reynolds number and flow velocity.
3. separator designs: the design focal point of separator is the relative position of Disengagement zone length, the outlet of top current accelerator and below particulate inspissator receiving port.
4. flow and the control that goes out flow become a mandarin: via the calculating of the flow that becomes a mandarin, determine the discharge rate of different high-rise clear water collecting pipes and the discharge rate of particulate inspissator.
5. operating operation test: with the unit operations test, the turbidity separating effect of assessment Preliminary design is with the effective removal diameter of particle and relevant removal efficient under the assessment operations parameter.
6. amplification scale test: because the clear water treating capacity that single designing institute gets is limited, must carry out scale-up, to promote the former water treatment amount of high turbidity, the set processing water yield of supply target waterworks.Because only about one meter of the height of every separator of the present invention can design the processing in parallel of many groups in the multiplying gauge mold process, cooperate multilayer structure making, the amplification scale is in existing running water water factory scope, to reduce the restriction of land area demand.
Preliminary result shows, the present invention can handle that turbidity is up to the muddy former water of NTU up to ten thousand in the water, and particle diameter is big more, and it is good more to remove efficient, can handle the low particulate to 1 μ m of diameter of particle significantly.As via polyphone and combination apparatus of the present invention, can meet the water turbidity requirement that becomes a mandarin of running water water purification flow path.Characteristics of the present invention are to use any chemical substance, only quicken sedimentation and clear water diffusivity principle with simple physics particulate, separate the former water of high turbidity.Following scalable many groups of use equipment needs aqueous condition in a large number to save land use and to handle, and can directly design in existing waterworks water inlet end the urgent pretreatment system of running water during as heavy rain, high turbidity situation in different high-rise.
In sum, understand turbid water particles of the present invention easily and quicken settling separation device and method, the shortcoming that solves routine techniques as: consume not good, the chemical gelling agent of a large amount of electric energy, settleability and produce shortcomings such as a large amount of chemical sludges, really be much better than prior art and dark tool industrial utilization and progressive, and similar products like or method in like product or method, have been there is no, so met the application essential condition of patent of invention, so file an application in accordance with the law.
Claims (20)
1. a turbid water particles that is used under the laminar condition and need not to add chemical coagulator quickens settling separation device, comprising:
One shell comprises:
One hollow cylindrical body at the different height of its perisporium, is provided with a plurality of water purification collector pipes, and is provided with at least one mud discharging mouth in its bottom;
One airtight top board comprises one and is opened on wherein, and described airtight top board is arranged at the inboard, top near described hollow cylindrical body; With
One base plate comprises one and is opened on wherein, and described base plate is arranged at the bottom of described hollow cylindrical body;
One hollow cone shape current accelerator, be arranged among the described shell, described hollow cone shape current accelerator comprises that one has larger-diameter water inlet and and has delivery port than minor diameter, and one between described water inlet and delivery port, the diminishing converging transition of diameter, the outer rim of described water inlet engages with the described opening of the airtight top board of described shell; With
One particulate inspissator, be arranged in the described opening of described shell bottom plate, and be positioned at the below of the described delivery port of described hollow cone shape current accelerator, and described particulate inspissator comprises a birdsmouth, the outer rim of described birdsmouth engages with the described opening of the described base plate of described shell.
2. turbid water particles as claimed in claim 1 quickens settling separation device, further comprises a sieve, is arranged on the described water inlet of described hollow cone shape current accelerator.
3. turbid water particles as claimed in claim 1 or 2 quickens settling separation device, and wherein said particulate inspissator comprises a flow control valve, in order to control the sewage discharge rate that described particulate inspissator is discharged.
4. turbid water particles as claimed in claim 1 or 2 quickens settling separation device, and the inside diameter of wherein said hollow cylindrical body is 15 centimetres, highly is 105 centimetres, and can bear 1.5 meters water depth pressure.
5. turbid water particles as claimed in claim 4 quickens settling separation device, the described water inlet diameter of wherein said hollow cone shape current accelerator is 10 centimetres, the described delivery port diameter of described hollow cone shape current accelerator is 5 centimetres, and corner cut is less than 20 degree outside the described delivery port edge.
6. turbid water particles as claimed in claim 5 quickens settling separation device, and the described delivery port of wherein said hollow cone shape current accelerator is 20 centimetres to the length of the described birdsmouth of described particulate inspissator.
7. turbid water particles as claimed in claim 1 or 2 quickens settling separation device, the birdsmouth of wherein said particulate inspissator has the diameter greater than the described delivery port diameter of described hollow cone shape current accelerator, and corner cut is spent less than 20 outside the described birdsmouth edge.
8. turbid water particles as claimed in claim 1 or 2 quickens settling separation device, and the described hollow cylindrical body of wherein said shell is provided with a high position, meta, three groups of water purification collector pipes of low level, and each described three groups of water purification collector pipe is provided with a water regulator.
One kind at not disturbance laminar flow and the turbid water particles that need not to add to use under the situation of chemical coagulator quicken sedimentation method for separating, comprise the following steps:
(a) provide a shell, described shell comprises: a hollow cylindrical body at the different height of its perisporium, is provided with a plurality of water purification collector pipes, and is provided with at least one mud discharging mouth in its bottom; One airtight top board comprises one and is opened on wherein, and described airtight top board is arranged at the inboard, top near described hollow cylindrical body; With a base plate, comprise one and be opened on wherein, described base plate is arranged at the bottom of described hollow cylindrical body;
(b) provide a hollow cone shape current accelerator, be arranged among the described shell, described hollow cone shape current accelerator comprises that one has larger-diameter water inlet and and has delivery port than minor diameter, and one between described water inlet and delivery port, the diminishing converging transition of diameter, the outer rim of described water inlet engages with the described opening of the airtight top board of described shell;
(c) provide a particulate inspissator, be arranged in the described opening of described shell bottom plate, and be positioned at the below of the described delivery port of described hollow cone shape current accelerator, and described particulate inspissator comprises a birdsmouth, the outer rim of described birdsmouth engages with the described opening of the described base plate of described shell;
(d) the described delivery port of the described hollow cone shape current accelerator of definition is a particulate and water purification laminar flow Disengagement zone to the described birdsmouth of described particulate inspissator;
(e) the guiding muddy water enters from the described water inlet of described hollow cone shape current accelerator;
(f) accept the concentrated muddy water that quickens outflow by the described delivery port of described hollow cone shape current accelerator from the birdsmouth of described particulate inspissator, and collect the particulate of the sedimentation vertically downward that separates with water purification laminar flow Disengagement zone through described particulate;
(g) collect through described particulate and water purification laminar flow Disengagement zone from the described a plurality of differing heights water purification collector pipes of described hollow cylindrical body, and towards the water purification of horizontal direction and described separation of particles; With
(h) deposit in the mud of described hollow cylindrical body bottom edge from described at least one mud discharging mouth collection of described hollow cylindrical body.
10. method as claimed in claim 9 further comprises: a sieve is provided, is arranged on the described water inlet of described hollow cone shape current accelerator, to regulate the described flow velocity that is guided muddy water, avoid disturbing phenomenon.
11., further comprise: a flow control valve is set, in described particulate inspissator, discharges the sewage discharge rate that comprises described particulate to control described particulate inspissator as claim 9 or 10 described methods.
12., further comprise: a water regulator is set in each described water purification collector pipe as claim 9 or 10 described methods.
13. as claim 9 or 10 described methods, the inside diameter of wherein said hollow cylindrical body is 15 centimetres, highly is 105 centimetres, and can bear 1.5 meters water depth pressure.
14. method as claimed in claim 13, the described water inlet diameter of wherein said hollow cone shape current accelerator is 10 centimetres, and the described delivery port diameter of described hollow cone shape current accelerator is 5 centimetres, and corner cut is less than 20 degree outside the described delivery port edge.
15. method as claimed in claim 14 further comprises: the length of controlling described particulate and water purification laminar flow Disengagement zone is 20 centimetres.
16. method as claimed in claim 15, the birdsmouth of wherein said particulate inspissator have the diameter greater than the described delivery port diameter of described hollow cone shape current accelerator, and corner cut is spent less than 20 outside the described birdsmouth edge.
17. method as claimed in claim 11 further comprises: adjust the flow control valve of described particulate inspissator and the water regulator of described water purification collector pipe, be lower than 1000 with the flow through Reynolds number of sewage of described particulate and water purification laminar flow Disengagement zone of control.
18. method as claimed in claim 11 further comprises: adjust the flow control valve of described particulate inspissator and the water regulator of described water purification collector pipe, flow through time of sewage of described particulate and water purification laminar flow Disengagement zone below 60 seconds with control.
19. method as claimed in claim 11, further comprise: adjusting the flow control valve of described particulate inspissator and the water regulator of described water purification collector pipe, is 1 cel with the water velocity at the described delivery port place that controls described hollow cone shape current accelerator.
20. method as claimed in claim 11 further comprises: adjust the flow control valve of described particulate inspissator and the water regulator of described water purification collector pipe, account for 75% of the described muddy water that is guided with the water purification of controlling described a plurality of water purification collector pipe collections.
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| CN102167456B (en) * | 2011-03-06 | 2012-11-21 | 姚家泰 | Low-carbon, environment-friendly, economical and reasonable water treatment process flow and method for water treatment plant |
| CN104383723A (en) * | 2013-11-16 | 2015-03-04 | 广西柳州中嘉知识产权服务有限公司 | Sewage treatment unit |
| CN105424562B (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2018-04-17 | 中国科学院重庆绿色智能技术研究院 | A kind of aquatic particle sedimentation and the in-situ test device and method of deposition process |
| CN113530236B (en) * | 2021-07-20 | 2022-07-22 | 中国水利水电第十二工程局有限公司 | Construction method for mudflat photovoltaic power station |
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