CN101083422A - Application of single brushless commutator in reluctance motor and DC permanent-magnet rotor motor - Google Patents
Application of single brushless commutator in reluctance motor and DC permanent-magnet rotor motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN101083422A CN101083422A CN 200710143834 CN200710143834A CN101083422A CN 101083422 A CN101083422 A CN 101083422A CN 200710143834 CN200710143834 CN 200710143834 CN 200710143834 A CN200710143834 A CN 200710143834A CN 101083422 A CN101083422 A CN 101083422A
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Abstract
The invention is a single-brush commutator, a special commutator installing brush on rotating shaft and fixing commutating disc on stator, where the connection between stator winding and commutator segment on the commutating disc is related with stator winding to be connected when the single brush keeps brush position on the commutator segment; it can replace rotor position detector on switched reluctance motor or DC brushless motor, and provides low-cost and simple-to-maintain control method for them. And it directly drives stator winding by simple power triode circuit and because the current through the commutator segment connected with base is very small, no electric spark can ablate the commutator segment and the single brush.
Description
Affiliated technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of commutator that on switched reluctance machines and dc brushless motor, uses.
Background technology
Existing switched reluctance machines and dc brushless motor all are the structures that rotor does not have winding, and the mode that adopts the control stator winding to produce the magnetic circuit variation drives rotor operation.
These two kinds of motors all are to adopt special electronic driver to drive stator winding at present.Include microprocessor in the electronic driver, and under the driving of plug-in, under the prerequisite of clear and definite rotor real time position, each stator winding is carried out make-break operation in an orderly manner, reach the target that drives rotor motion.
The technology of surveying the rotor real time position roughly has three classes.The one, use photoelectric coded disk, but will cause rotor inertia to increase; The 2nd, Hall element is installed in motor, increase system and got complexity; A kind of is the induced voltage zero crossing of analyzing in the stator winding, has increased the weight of the computational burden of processor controls, the application of influence under high velocity environment.
The electronic driver cost is higher in addition, safeguards also very complexity, has therefore influenced the higher motor universalness of these two kinds of electromechanical efficiencies and has used.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides switched reluctance machines and dc brushless motor scheme that several employing single-brush commutators replace the rotor-position sniffer, particularly the scheme under non-speed governing class is used.And the application of speed governing class both can adopt present speed regulating method at common DC motor to carry out speed governing, also can still adopt existing microprocessor control system to carry out speed governing.Technical scheme of the present invention is: install and fix a brush in rotating shaft, this brush links to each other with an electrode of power supply; A commutation board is installed on stator, commutator segment on the commutation board links to each other with the control end of output control device, and an end of output control device connects stator winding one end, and the other end of output control device links to each other with two electrodes of power supply respectively with the other end of stator winding; If do not scruple the spark and the ablation problem of brush-commutated device, brush and commutator also can directly drive corresponding stator winding.The brush position of single brush on commutation board is exactly the required rotor-position of break-make associated stator winding current.The annexation of the commutator segment on the commutation board and all windings of stator, the winding break-make relation with single brush brush position on this commutator segment the time is relevant.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows that the system of having saved controls cost greatly:
1. export as rotor-position with brush brush position, greatly simplified operand, particularly in non-speed governing class is used, can fully phase out calculating process about rotor-position and the judgement of winding break-make;
2. if commutator segment is directly linked to each other with stator winding, can make the motor of these non-armature type rotors of reluctance motor and dc brushless motor, again the characteristic that possesses common armature type direct current machine comprises by changing operating voltage and polarity, carries out speed governing and reverse turn operation;
3. if commutator segment is linked to each other with the control end of output control device, and directly drive stator winding by output control device, omit microprocessor control system, this will provide a kind of technical scheme of very economical to the extensive use of switched reluctance machines and dc brushless motor;
If only with brush and commutator as the device that obtains rotor-position, replace Hall element, and still be equipped with microprocessor control system, still can adopt the control method operating electrical machines of existing switched reluctance machines and dc brushless motor.
In back two kinds of application,, the such commutator of DC commutator machine therefore can not occur and ablate and the electric spark problem because the single-brush commutator load current is little.
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and a preferred embodiment.
Fig. 1 is a kind of stator 6 utmost points, the direct driving operation schematic diagram of the switched reluctance machines of rotor 4 utmost points;
Fig. 2 is a kind of stator 6 utmost points, the indirect driving operation schematic diagram of the switched reluctance machines of rotor 4 utmost points;
Fig. 3 is a kind of stator 3 utmost points, the indirect driving operation schematic diagram of the dc brushless motor of rotor 2 utmost points;
Fig. 4 is said stator 4 utmost points, the indirect driving operation schematic diagram of the dc brushless motor of rotor 2 utmost points;
Among the figure, 1. rotor, 11. iron cores, 12. p-m rotors, 13. rotor-position marks; 2. stator, 21. stator cores, 22. stator winding, 3. single-brush commutator, 31. single brushes, 32. commutation boards, 33. commutator segments, 4. rotating shaft, 5. output control device, the drive end of 51. stator winding A; 52. the drive end of stator winding B; 53. the drive end of stator winding C; 54. the control end of stator winding A; 55. the control end of stator winding B; 56. the control end of stator winding C; AN. make stator winding A conducting electric current, and make it show the switching tube of N polarity; AS. make stator winding A conducting electric current, and make it show the switching tube of S polarity; BN. make stator winding B conducting electric current, and make it show the switching tube of N polarity; BS. make stator winding B conducting electric current, and make it show the switching tube of S polarity; CN. make stator winding C conducting electric current, and make it show the switching tube of N polarity; CS. make stator winding C conducting electric current, and make it show the switching tube of S polarity; An. be connected to the line end of AN switching tube emitter; As. be connected to the line end of AS switching tube emitter; Bn. be connected to the line end of BN switching tube emitter; Bs. be connected to the line end of BS switching tube emitter.
Shown in Figure 1 is a kind of stator 6 utmost points, the direct driving operation schematic diagram of the switched reluctance machines of rotor 4 utmost points.
Single-brush commutator 3 is made up of 12 commutator segments 33 in single brush 31, commutation board 32 and the commutation board among the figure.Wherein 1,4,7, No. 10 sheet is coupled together, link to each other with the A group of stator winding 22; In like manner, 2,5,8, No. 11 sheet couples together, and links to each other with the B group of stator winding, and 3,6,9, No. 12 sheet couples together, and links to each other with the C group of stator winding 22.
When iron core 11 clockwise rotates and be positioned at as shown in Figure 1 position, single brush 31 correspondences the commutator segment on the commutator 32 33 1,2 between, the A winding of stator winding 22 has passed through electric current at this moment, a flux path of iron core 11 also just in time aligns the A winding, the magnetic circuit magnetic resistance minimum that the A winding is had.
When iron core 11 is rotated further, single brush 31 will be crossed the slit between 1,2 of commutator segment 32, and the brush position is dropped on No. 2 sheets of commutator segment 33.To connect the electric current of B winding this moment, and guiding iron core 11 continues to turn clockwise.
The electric current of this moment flows to commutator segment from "+" utmost point No. 2 behind the winding of two of magnetic pole of the stator B polyphone states, and through single brush 31 ground connection.
Equally, when the brush position of single brush 31 was dropped on the 3rd, 6,9, No. 12 commutator segment 33, core rotor 11 will be from the state of the B winding magnetic circuit magnetic resistance minimum of stator winding 22, rotated to the state of the C of stator winding 22 winding magnetic circuit magnetic resistance minimum.
Reluctance motor shown in Figure 1 will no longer be common switched reluctance machines, but the commutation reluctance motor.When this motor changes rotation direction, only need to change electric power polarity, and will change velocity of rotation, also only need to change power source voltage numerical value.Same identical with common commutator direct current machine be, still have stronger electric spark on the commutator, just, need not to have considered its structural strength especially again, thereby the cost of commutation board 32 at this moment can be lower because commutation board 32 no longer is installed on the rotor.
For fear of the shake of single brush 32 on commutation board 32, cause the contact point loose contact of brush position, on motor single-brush commutator 3 shown in Figure 1, can also increase a brush, and make the phase place between these two brushes keep 180 °.Though two brushes are arranged like this, because these two electric power polarities that brush connected are identical, therefore the quantity of the just brush position that is increased still belong to single brush.
For the same reason, on motor single-brush commutator 3 shown in Figure 1, can increase by three brushes at most, and make 90 ° of each self-sustainings of phase place between these four brushes.
When iron core 11 rotates in the direction of the clock, on commutation board position shown in Figure 1, if, can reduce the degree of fluctuation of rotation by counterclockwise finely tuning commutation board; If finely tune commutation board in the direction of the clock, can reach the effect of heavy braking.
Fig. 2 be above-mentioned reluctance motor indirect drive scheme.Different with content shown in Figure 1 is between winding leads and commutator segment, to have added an output control device 5.These output control device 5 equivalences are three high power switch triodes or field effect transistor.For switch triode, the collector electrode of each switch triode connects winding leads, grounded emitter, and base stage connects one group of commutator segment respectively.Such as, the switch triode that connects the A winding of stator winding 22, its base stage 54 links to each other with 1,4,7, No. 10 commutator segment 33, and the switching tube of B winding, its base stage 55 links to each other with 2,5,8, No. 11 commutator segments 33, and the switching tube of C winding, its base stage 56 links to each other with 3,6,9, No. 12 commutator segments 33.
Such reluctance motor, the electric current on its commutator are incited somebody to action very little and are not had the electric spark appearance, so the useful life of commutator will be longer.In addition, this reluctance motor also will be distinguished to some extent with reluctance motor shown in Figure 1, promptly no longer by the polarity that changes power supply motor reversed, but still can carry out speed governing by changing voltage value or PWM technology.
If motor shown in Figure 2 is carried out reverse turn operation, can change from the line relation of the control end and the commutation board of output control device 5.Such as, the control end 55 that connects B group commutator segment is exchanged with the control end 56 that is connected C group commutator segment, make control end 55 connect 3,6,9, No. 12 sheets, and control end 56 connect 2,5,8, No. 11 sheets.Can adopt a double-point double-throw switch, come to realize at one stroke this variation.After changing like this, just the counter-rotating of motor can have been realized.Certainly, such operating on the reluctance motor shown in Figure 1 also stands good.
With the exception of this, output control device 5 can also adopt existing microprocessor control system, as to the regular tap reluctance motor, this reluctance motor is controlled.Only the detection of rotor-position does not re-use Hall element, or analyzes the winding induced voltage.Fig. 3 is a kind of stator 3 utmost points, the indirect driving operation schematic diagram of the dc brushless motor of rotor 2 utmost points.
It is complicated that the application reluctancy motor of single-brush commutator on dc brushless motor wanted, and this is the stator winding owing to the conventional DC brushless electric machine, and its electric current is to need commutation.Therefore for the conventional DC brushless electric machine, can't implement the direct driving of single-brush commutator.
Each commutator segment 33 is as follows with the annexation of stator winding 22 among the figure:
1.1 number sheet links to each other with CN with switching tube AN, BS respectively;
2.2 number sheet links to each other with CS with switching tube AN, BS respectively;
The 3:3 sheet links to each other with CS with switching tube AN, BN respectively;
The 4:4 sheet links to each other with CS with switching tube AS, BN respectively;
The 5:5 sheet links to each other with CN with switching tube AS, BN respectively;
The 6:6 sheet links to each other with CN with switching tube AS, BS respectively.
Above-mentioned annexation shows, when the brush position of single brush 31 was dropped on No. 1 sheet, switching tube AN, BS and CN were open-minded, and this moment, A winding, B winding and the C winding of stator winding 22 showed N, S and N polarity respectively, promoted dipolar permanent rotor 12 and clockwise rotated.
In like manner in the annexation of 2～No. 6 sheets of other commutator segments.
If change the rotation direction of motor, the annexation that only needs to change commutator segment 33 and switching tube gets final product.In the practical operation, only need No. 1 sheet and No. 6 sheets, No. 2 sheets and No. 5 sheets, the annexation of No. 3 sheets and No. 4 sheets is exchanged, and the winding that just can finish the motor counter-rotating switches.
Increase the slit between each commutator segment 33, can avoid the straight-through short circuit phenomenon of single armed of final stage driving element.
Fig. 4 is a kind of stator 4 utmost points, the direct current list brush motor operation schematic diagram of rotor 2 utmost points.
Existing dc brushless motor all is to adopt the mode of electric current commutation to change magnetic direction.This stator 4 utmost points, each winding of direct current list brush motor of rotor 2 utmost points is divided into N winding and S winding, has therefore stopped the straight-through driving short circuit problem of single armed.
Four magnetic pole of the stator 22 are divided into two couples of A, A ' and B, B ' among the figure.Winding on each magnetic pole all is divided into two sub-windings, is respectively applied for to make magnetic pole show as the usefulness of the N utmost point or the S utmost point.And when magnetic pole A showed as the N utmost point, magnetic pole A ' just showed as the S utmost point.In like manner B and B '.
Such as, when the switching tube AN conducting in the output control device 5, electric current flows into from the V end of magnetic pole A, flows out through an end, and enters an end of output control device 5, through switching tube AN ground connection, makes magnetic pole A show N polarity.Equally, another road electric current flows into from the V end of magnetic pole A ', flows out through an end, and enters an end of output control device 5, through switching tube AN ground connection, makes magnetic pole A ' show S polarity.
For magnetic pole B and B ', same definition is arranged also.
So when singly the brush position of brush 31 is dropped on No. 1 sheet of commutator segment 31, switching tube AN and BN conducting, magnetic pole A, A ', B, B ' present N, S respectively, and N, S polarity promote p-m rotor 12 and rotate to clockwise direction.
And when brush position was dropped between 1, No. 2 sheet, p-m rotor 12 turned over 90 ° clockwise on position shown in Figure 4, make the N utmost point of p-m rotor 12 aim at magnetic pole B '.This moment, 1, No. 2 sheet was connected simultaneously, and magnetic pole A and A ' polarity are constant, and the N winding of magnetic pole B and B ' and S winding are connected simultaneously, so magnetic pole B and B ' moment temporarily lose polarity.This moment, magnetic pole A and A ' aligned the pole polarity transition region of p-m rotor 12, had the magnetic line of force that density is bigger and curvature is bigger to distribute here, so magnetic pole A and A ' still have very big driving moment to p-m rotor 12.
When entering No. 2 panel region between 1, No. 2 sheet is crossed in brush position, B and B ' show S and N polarity respectively, drive p-m rotor 12 with the form of repulsive force and turn clockwise.This moment, magnetic pole B and B ' showed as N and S polarity equally, drove p-m rotor 12 with the form of attraction and turned clockwise.
In like manner can draw at No. 3 sheets and No. 4 sheets, and the driving effect of the gap area between 3, No. 4 sheets.
These stator 4 utmost points, the direct current list brush motor of rotor 2 utmost points also can have direct drive form as shown in Figure 1, and the control forms of microprocessor control system equally also can be arranged.Therefore the application of single-brush commutator in DC permanent magnet or paramagnetic rotor electric machine has than original technology application form more flexibly.
Claims (10)
1. a reluctance motor is made up of iron core, stator core, stator winding, rotating shaft, bearing, motor housing and rotor-position sensor, it is characterized in that:
Its rotor-position sensor adopts single-brush commutator.
2. as power 1 described reluctance motor, the commutation board that its single-brush commutator is brushed and is fixed on the stator by the list that is fixed in the rotating shaft constitutes, and it is characterized by:
A) the brush position of single brush on commutation board is exactly to be switched on or switched off the required rotor-position of associated stator winding current;
B) annexation of the commutator segment on the commutation board and all windings of stator, the winding break-make relation with single brush brush position on this commutator segment the time is relevant.
3. reluctance motor as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that:
Stator winding can directly link to each other with the commutator segment of single-brush commutator;
4. reluctance motor as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that:
A) by output control device stator winding is linked to each other with commutator segment;
B) or by microprocessor control system stator winding is linked to each other with commutator segment.
5. reluctance motor as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that:
When the motor reverse turn operation, only need winding is readjusted with the line of relevant commutator segment group.
6. reluctance motor as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that:
When the motor reverse turn operation, only need control end is readjusted with the line of relevant commutator segment group.
7. a DC permanent-magnet rotor motor is made up of p-m rotor, stator core, stator winding, rotating shaft, bearing, motor housing and rotor-position sensor, it is characterized by:
Its rotor-position sensor adopts single-brush commutator to constitute.
8. as power 7 described a kind of DC permanent-magnet rotor motors, the commutation board that its single-brush commutator is brushed and is fixed on the stator by the list that is fixed in the rotating shaft constitutes, and it is characterized by:
A) the brush position of single brush on commutation board is exactly to be switched on or switched off the required rotor-position of associated stator winding current;
B) annexation of the commutator segment on the commutation board and all windings of stator, the winding break-make relation with single brush brush position on this commutator segment the time is relevant.
9. as power 8 described a kind of DC permanent-magnet rotor motors, it is characterized by:
Stator winding can directly link to each other with the commutator segment of single-brush commutator.
10. as a kind of DC permanent-magnet rotor motor of power 8, it is characterized by:
A) by output control device stator winding is linked to each other with commutator segment;
B) or by microprocessor control system stator winding is linked to each other with commutator segment.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200710143834 CN101083422A (en) | 2007-08-03 | 2007-08-03 | Application of single brushless commutator in reluctance motor and DC permanent-magnet rotor motor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200710143834 CN101083422A (en) | 2007-08-03 | 2007-08-03 | Application of single brushless commutator in reluctance motor and DC permanent-magnet rotor motor |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101083422A true CN101083422A (en) | 2007-12-05 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200710143834 Pending CN101083422A (en) | 2007-08-03 | 2007-08-03 | Application of single brushless commutator in reluctance motor and DC permanent-magnet rotor motor |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101789669A (en) * | 2009-01-24 | 2010-07-28 | 冯鲁民 | DC commutator double-salient reluctance motor |
| WO2010083776A1 (en) * | 2009-01-24 | 2010-07-29 | Feng Lumin | Dc commutator doubly salient reluctance motor |
| CN102621405A (en) * | 2009-12-09 | 2012-08-01 | 电子科技大学 | Device for detecting stator winding phase sequence and encoder output level |
| CN103545946A (en) * | 2013-11-15 | 2014-01-29 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Reluctance motor of single-phase three-tooth structure |
| CN106357198A (en) * | 2016-09-05 | 2017-01-25 | 广州途道信息科技有限公司 | General control method for steering engine and motor |
| CN112542907A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2021-03-23 | 熵零技术逻辑工程院集团股份有限公司 | Electric machine |
-
2007
- 2007-08-03 CN CN 200710143834 patent/CN101083422A/en active Pending
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101789669A (en) * | 2009-01-24 | 2010-07-28 | 冯鲁民 | DC commutator double-salient reluctance motor |
| WO2010083776A1 (en) * | 2009-01-24 | 2010-07-29 | Feng Lumin | Dc commutator doubly salient reluctance motor |
| CN102621405A (en) * | 2009-12-09 | 2012-08-01 | 电子科技大学 | Device for detecting stator winding phase sequence and encoder output level |
| CN102621405B (en) * | 2009-12-09 | 2014-11-05 | 电子科技大学 | Device for detecting stator winding phase sequence and encoder output level |
| CN103545946A (en) * | 2013-11-15 | 2014-01-29 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Reluctance motor of single-phase three-tooth structure |
| CN106357198A (en) * | 2016-09-05 | 2017-01-25 | 广州途道信息科技有限公司 | General control method for steering engine and motor |
| CN112542907A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2021-03-23 | 熵零技术逻辑工程院集团股份有限公司 | Electric machine |
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Open date: 20071205 |