CN101080604A - Evaporator protection - Google Patents
Evaporator protection Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101080604A CN101080604A CNA2005800428225A CN200580042822A CN101080604A CN 101080604 A CN101080604 A CN 101080604A CN A2005800428225 A CNA2005800428225 A CN A2005800428225A CN 200580042822 A CN200580042822 A CN 200580042822A CN 101080604 A CN101080604 A CN 101080604A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- pipe
- heat
- compressible means
- exchange device
- medium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
- F25B39/02—Evaporators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
- F25B2500/06—Damage
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2265/00—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction
- F28F2265/14—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction for preventing damage by freezing, e.g. for accommodating volume expansion
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
A heat exchange device (10) and a method of compensating for increases in pressure in tubes (20) within the heat exchange device (10) is provided. The heat exchange device (10) comprises a plurality of the tubes (20) for carrying a first medium (40), and compressible means (60) insertable into at least one of the tubes (20). Expansion of said medium (40) causes said compressible means (60) to compress. Preferably the compressible means (60) comprises inert resilient material.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind ofly avoid because of freezing to cause the protective device of damage, relate more specifically in order to protect pipe in the evaporimeter in order to avoid cause the protective device of damage because of water congeals into ice in order to the parts of protection in the evaporimeter.
The cooling of prior art and/or heating system can be operated under the situation that environment temperature is lower than cooling medium freezing point in the system such as air-cooled chiller.In this case, if the freezing point (0 ℃) that cooling medium is water and environment temperature is lower than water must be frozen in the evaporator unit of refrigerator by anti-sealing so.This is in not work of evaporator unit, such as when not needing refrigerator to cool off or being even more important when refrigerator breaks down.When refrigerator owing to accident or emergency open circuit when shutting down such as short of electricity or safety, if this moment, environment temperature was very low, after the system compresses machine had just stopped, condenser was cooled to ambient temperature level immediately so.So the refrigerant pressure in the condenser also drops to the saturation pressure corresponding to the ambient atmosphere temperature fast.Before refrigerator just stopped, the pressure of the cold-producing medium in the evaporimeter can reduce significantly, therefore, when cold-producing medium is condenser at the cold spot that flow to the refrigerator system, will seethe with excitement under the temperature levels corresponding to the ambient atmosphere temperature.Before the ownership cryogen evaporation in evaporimeter, water in the evaporimeter is subjected to very strong cooling effect, especially do not have under the situation of circulation (whole freezing machine and/or water pump etc. being stopped such as opening circuit owing to short of electricity or safety) at water, water is with quick freezing Cheng Bing.
Usually have two types evaporimeter in refrigerator, to use: direct expansion formula evaporimeter, wherein cold-producing medium evaporates in a plurality of pipes, and water is in the circulation of pipe outside; Flooded evaporator, wherein water circulates in pipe, and cold-producing medium surrounds pipe thereby boiling outside pipe.The situation that above-mentioned water freezes in refrigerator is especially harmful for flooded evaporator.When water congeals into ice, the volume of icing shared volume ratio water increased about 10%.This volume increases the pressure that makes in the pipe and increases a lot, causes heavily stressed in the tube body, and this can make pipe break usually, damages refrigerator so cold-producing medium mixes with water.
Proposed to overcome the prior art solutions of the problems referred to above.For instance, a kind of common solution provides special-purpose heater, such as electric heater, heater with heat delivery to evaporimeter, especially when refrigerator or evaporimeter are not worked.Heater improves evaporator temperature, thereby the temperature of water in the evaporimeter (or such as the cooling agent that is adopted) is brought up to temperature above its freezing point.Another kind of known solution to the problems described above is to flow to condenser from evaporimeter when preventing that cold-producing medium from not working in this unit.This can realize by special-purpose valve is set in the path between evaporimeter and condenser.
Yet above-mentioned solution cost is very high, and installation, operation and maintenance are all very complicated.In addition,, when operate as normal, can produce refrigerant pressure drop, thereby reduce the efficient of refrigerator for for back a kind of solution of valve is set in the connecting pipe.
Therefore; need be evaporimeter, especially (but being not limited only to) flooded evaporator provides protection, and the cooling medium in the evaporimeter freezes at least in part at this moment; this protective device cost efficiency height, be easy to install, and can exceedingly do not influence the efficient or the performance of evaporimeter.
An object of the present invention is to provide a kind of apparatus and method of protecting evaporimeter to avoid freeze damage.
According to a first aspect of the invention, a kind of heat-exchange device is provided, comprise in order to a plurality of pipes of carrying first medium and the compressible means that is inserted in one of them described pipe, wherein, the expansion of described medium causes the compression of described compressible means.
Therefore, the present invention provides compressible means at heat-exchange device such as the evaporimeter that is used for refrigerator, if cold-producing medium, perhaps expands when this device partially or completely shuts down in the heat-exchange device operate as normal such as water, compressible means can be compensated for the Volume Changes that is taken place.This is especially favourable for the refrigerator that the pipe that is used for transporting water in the evaporimeter immerses the cold-producing medium liquid bath.As mentioned above, when the environment temperature of refrigerator is approximately freezing point (0 ℃) or when lower, the water in the pipe can freeze, it makes pipe produce stress, may break then.But, according to the present invention, compressible material compresses when the medium freezing expansion, so the stress that produces because of media expansion in the pipe can be reduced to minimum or elimination.So, in heat-exchange device of the present invention, any costliness and/or complicated additional mechanism providing additional operation needn't be provided, prevent that medium from freezing or prevent cold-producing medium flowing in heat-exchange device, this is because the present invention as claimed in claim can overcome these additional mechanism providing additional operations problem to be solved.
Preferably, described compressible means comprises inert elastomeric materials.This mechanism preferably includes closed cell foamed plastic, such as rubber.When medium comprises water, these materials are especially favourable, because they generally do not absorb water, so can prevent the water capacity is contained in the described mechanism, otherwise, water can influence the compressibility of mechanism when freezing, these materials can bear when water congeals into ice the suitable Volume Changes of the Volume Changes that produces.The volume that is increased when for example, the compression volume of compressible means freezes with water basically is identical.Perhaps, the compression volume of compressible means also can less than or the volume that increased when freezing greater than water.If the volume that the compression volume of compressible means is increased when freezing less than water, it must can be compressed to such volume at least so, that is, make pipe can not damage (that is, pipe can bear stress to a certain degree and can not be damaged) owing to the expansion of medium.Comprise among the embodiment of water at medium,, therefore, require compressible means in this case, just under the situation of the pressure pressure that produces that is less than or equal to that water congeals into ice, can compress 10% at least because volume increases approximately 10% usually when water congeals into ice.
Compressible means can just be arranged in a part or some part of pipe.For instance, compressible means can be made of the single mechanism of single position in the pipe, perhaps can comprise along the tube length direction and even or spaced apart unevenly a plurality of mechanisms.Yet in the preferred embodiment of heat-exchange device of the present invention, the length of the compressible means length with pipe basically is identical.This arrangement is very favourable, because compressible means is along the whole length absorption pressure of pipe, and pressure will evenly apply on the length of compressible means, therefore compressible means can be effectively incompressible.Preferably, first end of compressible means is connected first end of pipe, and second end of compressible means is connected second end of pipe.More preferably, compressible means remains on such position, make its basically with the elongated center axis coaxle of pipe.Like this, compressible means and pipe center make cooling medium can flow through the whole outer surface of compressible means in line.This not only makes the influence that compressible means flows to water reduce to minimum, but also for the compression of compressible means provides maximum surface area, thereby can provide the most effectively setoff effect for the pressure in the pipe for given compressible means.
More in the preferred embodiment, the pipe of heat-exchange device is a general cylindrical shape one of the present invention, and compressible means is a substantial cylindrical, and each pipe and continuous compressible means thereof are roughly arranged coaxially.This make makes the pipe of can flowing through well of the medium in the heat-exchange device, and because the uniform shapes of compressible means, and good compression setoff effect can be provided.
Compressible means can have any desired shape and/or the size that is suitable for this purposes, and its size and dimension is such as deciding according to the size and dimension of pipe and the medium of the pipe of flowing through.Preferably, the cross section of compressible means is a circular.This shape of compressible means helps to increase the side direction turbulent flow of water, thereby improves overall heat-transfer coefficient.The material of compressible means is distributed on the entire cross section of mechanism usually, but in certain embodiments, and compressible means has a part at least can be hollow or all be hollow.
In a preferred embodiment, when not being compressed, the diameter of section of each compressible means (external diameter) is about 10% to 25% of each ips in this device.Compressible means in this size range is particularly preferred, because the bigger mechanism of diameter may influence the side direction pressure drop (because the zone capable of circulation of water reduces, thereby the water velocity in the pipe being increased) of the water of heat-exchange device.
In another alternative embodiment of the present invention, each pipe and each compressible means in the heat-exchange device are longilineal, and to have be the cross section of substantially elliptical.Pipe and continuous compressible means thereof are roughly arranged coaxially.Owing to be oval-shaped, so pipe has maximum inner diameter and minimum diameter, and compressible means has maximum outside diameter and minimum outer diameter when not being compressed.Preferably, the maximum outside diameter of compressible means is maximum inner diameter about 10% to 25% of this pipe, the minimum outer diameter of compressible means be pipe minimum diameter about 10% to 25%.As top introduce with reference to previous embodiment, this make is favourable, because it can make the influence that has compressible means reduce to minimum, thereby makes the lateral pressure effect of water reduce to minimum.
Remaining part in the heat-exchange device can be made of any traditional parts that are applicable to heat exchanger.Preferably, heat-exchange device also comprises inlet that is operably connected with first end of each pipe and the outlet that is operably connected with second end of each pipe, and described inlet is used for described medium transport to pipe and be delivered to outlet.Therefore, water be such as can being transported to this system by inlet, and circulates around the compressible medium in pipe, leaves system by outlet then.This is very favourable, because more not-easy-to-freeze than static water at the water of same environment temperature current downflow.Preferably, heat-exchange device also comprises shell or housing, and described a plurality of pipes are accommodated in the described shell, and second medium surrounds described pipe in shell.Preferably, second medium comprises cold-producing medium or other suitable cooling and/or heat medium.Described inlet and/or outlet can be the parts of shell, and independent entrance and exit manifold perhaps can be set.
Introduce the above-mentioned and further feature of various embodiments of the present invention referring now to accompanying drawing, in these accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 shows the cross section of the evaporator unit of the prior art that is used for refrigerator, and it has a plurality of pipes in order to pumped (conveying) medium;
Fig. 2 shows one of them pipe among Fig. 1 at the medium cross section in each freezing stage;
Fig. 3 shows the cross section of the evaporator unit that is used for refrigerator according to an embodiment of the invention, and it has a plurality of pipes in order to pumped (conveying) medium;
Fig. 4 shows the longitudinal cross-section of unit among Fig. 3; With
Fig. 5 shows one of them pipe among Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 at the cross section in freezing each stage of medium.
With reference to figure 1, there is shown the prior art evaporimeter 10 that is used for refrigerator.Evaporimeter comprises the shell 12 in order to receiving fluids 30, a kind of cold-producing medium of liquid known to normally as in the art.Evaporimeter also comprises the pipe 20 in a plurality of immersion cold-producing mediums 30, and pipe 20 is to arrange so in the present embodiment, that is, make each pipe surround fully for 20 cooled doses.Pipe 20 is connected on the supply source, in order to the medium 40 (referring to Fig. 2) that will cool off to be provided by pipe 20.In air-cooled chiller, medium is water normally.When evaporimeter 10 operate as normal, at the water 40 of the pipe 20 of flowing through and surround between the cold-producing medium 30 of pipe 20 and conduct heat, with so that water 40 coolings.
Yet, as shown in Fig. 2 b, 2c and 2d, when the residing environment temperature of refrigerator is lower than the freezing point of water, if especially water 40 is such as there is not circulation time in pipe 20 owing to power failure, water 40 just begins to freeze so, so the center from the outer rim of pipe 20 to pipe 20 begins to form ice 50.As everyone knows, volume increased when water freezed, and therefore when formation ices 50, can exert pressure on pipe 20.In Fig. 2 b, ice sheet 50 is also very thin, thereby is expanded by water/ice and to be applied to insufficient pressure on the pipe 20 so that pipe 20 is caused damage.Yet in Fig. 2 c, the internal pressure on the pipe 20 is much bigger, thereby makes tube body 20 stressed.Water 40 as q.s build-up ice 50 o'clock, and internal tube pressure becomes very high and makes pipe explosion or break, shown in the rent among Fig. 2 d 22.This does not obviously wish to take place, in a single day because ice 50 fusings, water 40 can mix with the cold-producing medium 30 in the evaporimeter 10, refrigerator is caused damage, so will retube 20 at least.
Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 show the evaporimeter 10 that is used for refrigerator, in having each pipe 20 of water 40, have according to compressible means 60 of the present invention.The preferably longilineal resilient insert of compressible means 60 is such as one section closed cell rubber.Each resilient insert 60 is connected each end of pipe 20, so it is haply along the length direction of pipe 20 and be suspended in the center, thereby is formed for the unobstructed flow path of water 40 at the external surface peripheral of inserts 60.Under normal operation, water 40 enters in the evaporimeter by water inlet 42, and the pipe 20 of flowing through simultaneously with cold-producing medium 30 heat-shifts that surround pipe 20, flows out from delivery port 44 then.Near environment temperature drops to freezing point or during following temperature, and especially quit work and make cold-producing medium 30 boilings of surrounding pipe 20 when evaporimeter 10, thereby when pipe 20 and the water 40 that held absorb energy, water 40 beginning is freezed in the outer part of pipe 20, forms annular icing part 50.As shown in Fig. 5 a and 5b, the influence of 50 pairs of pipes 20 of the ice of Xing Chenging or resilient insert 60 originally is very little, and this is because ice ring 50 is very little, so pressure increases seldom.Yet when the water 40 of vast scale more build-ups ice 50 the time, as shown in Fig. 5 c, the pressure in the pipe 20 increase, and resilient insert 60 is compressed.Even all water 40 freezes and the volume/pressure in the pipe 20 is farthest increased, inserts 60 also will further compress the volume that increases to compensate for, as shown in Fig. 5 d.
Though above-mentioned explanation is made the air-cooled chiller system,, principle of the present invention can be applied to anyly water or other MEDIA FLOW are arranged through pipeline or similar means and may cause the system that freezes.So, will be appreciated that, details in the foregoing description just provides for convenience of explanation, can not regard them as the scope of the present invention that limited, one of skill in the art should know, under the situation of the scope of the invention that does not break away from claims and limited, can carry out many modifications to these example embodiment.
Claims (17)
1. heat-exchange device comprises:
In order to carry a plurality of pipes of first medium; With
Compressible means, described mechanism can insert wherein at least one described pipe, and wherein, the expansion of described medium causes described compressible means compression.
2. heat-exchange device according to claim 1 is characterized in that described medium comprises water.
3. heat-exchange device according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, when the environment temperature of described device is lower than about 0 degree centigrade, and described media expansion.
4. according to claim 1,2 or 3 described heat-exchange devices, it is characterized in that described compressible means comprises inert elastomeric materials.
5. each described heat-exchange device in requiring according to aforesaid right is characterized in that described compressible means comprises rubber.
6. each described heat-exchange device in requiring according to aforesaid right is characterized in that described compressible means comprises closed cell foamed plastic.
7. each described heat-exchange device in requiring according to aforesaid right is characterized in that the length of described compressible means is substantially the same with the length of the described pipe of described heat-exchange device.
8. heat-exchange device according to claim 7 is characterized in that, first end of described compressible means is connected first end of described pipe, and second end of described compressible means is connected second end of described pipe.
9. each described heat-exchange device in requiring according to aforesaid right is characterized in that:
Described pipe is a general cylindrical shape; And
Described compressible means is a substantial cylindrical.
10. each described heat-exchange device in requiring according to aforesaid right is characterized in that the cross section of described pipe and described compressible means is respectively a circular.
11. heat-exchange device according to claim 10 is characterized in that, when not being compressed, the external diameter of described compressible means is about 10% to 25% of a described ips.
12., it is characterized in that according to each described heat-exchange device in the claim 1 to 9:
The cross section of described pipe is a substantially elliptical;
The cross section of described compressible means is a substantially elliptical;
Described pipe has maximum inner diameter and minimum diameter; And
When not being compressed, the maximum outside diameter of described compressible means is the about 10% to 25% of described pipe maximum inner diameter, and the minimum outer diameter of described compressible means is about 10% to 25% of a described pipe minimum diameter.
13., it is characterized in that described pipe and described compressible means are roughly arranged coaxially according to each described heat-exchange device in the claim 9 to 12.
14. according to each described heat-exchange device in the aforesaid right requirement, also comprise inlet that is operably connected with first end of described pipe and the outlet that is operably connected with second end of described pipe, described inlet is used for described medium transport to described pipe and be delivered to described outlet.
15., also comprise according to each described heat-exchange device in the aforesaid right requirement:
Shell, described a plurality of pipes are placed in the described shell; With
In described shell, surround second medium of described pipe.
16. heat-exchange device according to claim 15 is characterized in that, described second medium comprises cold-producing medium.
17. the method that the pressure that is used for compensating for the pipe of heat-exchange device increases said method comprising the steps of:
A plurality of described pipes are provided; With
Provide compressible means in each described pipe, when medium freezed in described pipe, described compressible means can be compressed owing to the expansion of described medium.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US63626404P | 2004-12-14 | 2004-12-14 | |
| US60/636,264 | 2004-12-14 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101080604A true CN101080604A (en) | 2007-11-28 |
| CN100549611C CN100549611C (en) | 2009-10-14 |
Family
ID=34968627
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2005800428225A Expired - Fee Related CN100549611C (en) | 2004-12-14 | 2005-05-27 | Evaporator protection |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20080202727A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1825205A1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN100549611C (en) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0519048A2 (en) |
| HK (1) | HK1116243A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2006064313A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102016210218A1 (en) * | 2016-06-09 | 2017-12-14 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Vertical heat exchanger |
| EP4352439A1 (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2024-04-17 | Zodiac Pool Care Europe | Crack mitigation systems and techniques for water-containing housings subject to freezing temperatures |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR566436A (en) * | 1922-08-18 | 1924-02-14 | Air Liquide | Improvements to thick tubes in which large amounts of heat are produced or supplied |
| US1946102A (en) * | 1930-07-26 | 1934-02-06 | Bendix Brake Co | Brake rotor |
| US1976102A (en) * | 1933-02-20 | 1934-10-09 | Young Radiator Co | Heat transfer device |
| US5207309A (en) * | 1992-08-18 | 1993-05-04 | Simpkin Steven W | Concomitant motion control device |
| DE9403848U1 (en) * | 1994-03-08 | 1994-05-11 | Behr Gmbh & Co, 70469 Stuttgart | Heat exchangers for a motor vehicle |
| US5579828A (en) * | 1996-01-16 | 1996-12-03 | Hudson Products Corporation | Flexible insert for heat pipe freeze protection |
| US6207309B1 (en) * | 1999-07-16 | 2001-03-27 | International Fuel Cells Llc | Environmental compensation method and apparatus for a fuel cell assembly |
| CN2516918Y (en) * | 2001-11-23 | 2002-10-16 | 李志领 | Directly-cooling micro-freezing antistaling device and special evaporimeter and condenser used on fishing boat |
| CN2615600Y (en) * | 2003-01-17 | 2004-05-12 | 清华同方人工环境有限公司 | Undercooling ice suppressing wind side heat exchanging apparatus |
| US7201012B2 (en) * | 2003-01-31 | 2007-04-10 | Cooligy, Inc. | Remedies to prevent cracking in a liquid system |
-
2005
- 2005-05-27 WO PCT/IB2005/001466 patent/WO2006064313A1/en active Application Filing
- 2005-05-27 EP EP05742007A patent/EP1825205A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-05-27 BR BRPI0519048-7A patent/BRPI0519048A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-05-27 CN CNB2005800428225A patent/CN100549611C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-05-27 US US11/720,547 patent/US20080202727A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2008
- 2008-05-22 HK HK08105677.1A patent/HK1116243A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| HK1116243A1 (en) | 2008-12-19 |
| CN100549611C (en) | 2009-10-14 |
| EP1825205A1 (en) | 2007-08-29 |
| US20080202727A1 (en) | 2008-08-28 |
| BRPI0519048A2 (en) | 2008-12-23 |
| WO2006064313A1 (en) | 2006-06-22 |
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