CN101079865B - Interweaving method and discrete fourier transform - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention opens an interweaving method for interweaving the frame main body of the transmitting frame and a discrete fourier test method which does discrete fourier testing to the frame main body of the transmitting frame received by the receiver. Wherein the interweaving method includes the following steps: confirming a plurality of factors which is used to interweave the code element of the frame main body of the transmitting frame; responding to a plurality of factors which is assured, confirming the scope of each number of the multiple factors to be interweaved; founding the equation used for interweaving the code elements according to the scope of each number of the multiple factors which are assured; and the code elements which interweave the frame main body according to the founded equation. The discrete fourier test arrangement includes the following components: a plurality of code element arithmetic units, each of which is connected in series, and is used to execute the Winograd fourier transform operation to each scheduled code element; and a plurality of multipliers, each of which is arranged among the arithmetic units of the code element, are used to multiply the code element which is output from the code element arithmetic unit arranged at the beginning part by a scheduled arithmetic operator, and output to the code element arithmetic unit which is arranged at the bottom part, to make the code element can be fourier transformed and interweaved at the same time.

Description

Deinterleaving method and discrete Fourier transform

The cross reference of related application

The korean application 10-2006-0046067 that the application submitted to based on May 23rd, 2006, and require to enjoy its priority, its disclosure is all as a reference incorporated at this quilt.

Background technology

Below explanation relates in general to a kind of deinterleaving method, and it is used at the interweave frame main body of transmission frame of transmitter, and a kind of discrete Fourier transform, and its transmission frame that is used for receiver is received carries out discrete Fourier transform.

Orthodoxy Frequency Division Multiplex (OFDM) modulator approach is known to be used to improve the transmission speed of transmission frame and to stop multichannel to be disturbed.

According to this OFDM modulator approach, single information is divided into a plurality of carrier waves, and orthogonality is provided for the interval that these carrier waves are used to minimize these intercarriers of cutting apart, and these carrier waves of cutting apart are multiplexed to be used for transmission.

Current, digital broadcasting is just based on various technology and local standardized.For example, comprise digital land multimedia broadcasting (DTMB) at China's broadcast standard under discussion.Use the standardized transmitting device of being discussed of DTMB optionally to use multi-carrier modulation method, its Orthodoxy Frequency Division Multiplex (TDS-OFDM) modulator approach modulation transmissions frame that is used for by Domain Synchronous sends this transmission frame, and the single-carrier modulated method, it is used for sending this transmission frame by the single-carrier modulated transmission frame.

Summary of the invention

[technical problem]

The TDS-OFDM scheme is carried out inverse discrete Fourier transformer inverse-discrete to the frame main body of the transmission frame that a plurality of subcarriers by similar cycle preamble OFDM (CP-OFDM) transmit.In protection interval (GI), pseudo noise (PN) sequence is used as training signal (known array, pilot frequency sequence), rather than uses circulation preamble (CP), to reduce transport overhead and to improve channel efficiency.

When using modulation of TDS-OFDM modulator approach and emission transmission frame, transmitter is transformed into the transmission frame of frequency domain the transmission frame of time domain.Receiver is converted to the transmission frame of the time domain that receives the transmission frame of frequency domain.

In transmitting and receiving the process of this transmission frame, inverse fourier transform or Fourier transform may be used more than twice.

Receiver is carried out Fourier transform when the transmission frame that demodulation received.Fast fourier transform can be used to this Fourier transform.If code element number is not 2 ⁿTransmission frame by Fourier transform, so just produced the distortion of transmission frame and increased the power consumption of receiver.As a result, to 2 ⁿThe code element of number is carried out fast fourier transform.

And when carrying out Fourier transform, the order of code element can change in the transmission frame.Therefore, can carry out rearrangement processing (re-aligning process) is original order so that the code element of this transmission frame is reset.Next,, will increase extra hardware so being used to reset the code element of this transmission frame, and also can increase the processing time of this transmission frame because of arranging these code elements if Fourier transform increases.

Transmitter can interweave the frame main body of this transmission frame with the continuous mistake of reply code element of being produced in the process of this transmission frame of transmission.In the OFDM modulator approach, can carry out in time domain or frequency domain about interweaving of this frame main body.

(promptly carrying out contrary interweaving to recover the order of its original array before the interweaving of transmitter) carried out and deinterleaved to the order of the code element in the frame main body that receiver must receive being included in.Therefore, receiver need be carried out the hardware that the transmission frame that is received is deinterleaved, and the performance that deinterleaves causes the transmission frame processing time to postpone.

[technical scheme]

Receiver an object of the present invention is to provide a kind of deinterleaving method, so that can be carried out the code element of frame main body in the Fourier transform and the transmission frame that deinterleaves to code element.

Another purpose provides a kind of discrete Fourier transformer and method, so that receiver can be carried out the code element of frame main body in the Fourier transform and the transmission frame that deinterleaves, and the code element of recovering frame main body simply.

According to this deinterleaving method, be identified for the number of a plurality of factors of the code element of interlacing frames main body.These factors can be confirmed as various numerals, such as 7,5,3,4 and 9, or 3,3,3,2,2,5 and 7.

After the factor of the code element that is used to interweave is determined, be identified for the scope of each numerical value of a plurality of variablees in response to these factors.Preferably, the scope that is used for each numerical value of a plurality of variablees is confirmed as from 0 to the natural number less than the numerical value of these factors.

Use the variable of the scope determined each numerical value be identified for the interweaving equation of code element, and according to the code element of this equation interlacing frames main body of determining.

Therefore, this deinterleaving method comprises: a plurality of factors of the code element of frame main body in the transmission frame that is identified for interweaving; The scope of each numerical value in these factors of determining to be interleaved in response to determined a plurality of factors; According to the equation of the scope of each numerical value in determined a plurality of variablees being set up the code element that is used to interweave; And according to the interweave code element of this frame main body of the equation of being set up.

According to this discrete Fourier transformer, the code element of the frame main body that receives with the backward that is identified for carrying out the factor that interweaves is by Fourier transform and deinterleaved simultaneously.For this reason, settings of connect of this discrete Fourier transformer and a plurality of code element operators (operator) part with each code element enforcement Winograd Fourier transform to the factor of backward, and is provided with multiplier at per two code element operators between partly.Each multiplier will multiply by the next stage that outputs to this code element operator with default operator mutually from the code element that the code element operator that is arranged on the beginning part is partly exported.

Therefore this discrete Fourier transformer comprises: a plurality of code element arithmetic elements (operatingunit), and each all is together in series, and is used for each default code element is carried out the operation of Winograd Fourier transform; And a plurality of multipliers, each all is arranged between a plurality of code element arithmetic elements, is used for will multiplying each other with each code element operator of presetting from the code element of the code element arithmetic element output that is arranged on beginning part and outputing to the code element arithmetic element that is arranged on end portion.

Description of drawings

The present invention is by the exemplary embodiment explanation and be not limited to accompanying drawing, in the accompanying drawings, so long as possible place uses identical reference number in the sensible same or similar part of whole accompanying drawing acceptance of the bid.

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of diagram protection structure at interval of 1/9 of frame main body from the transmission frame of DTMB emission;

Fig. 2 is the block diagram of the structure of diagram DTMB transmitter;

Fig. 3 is the block diagram of the structure of diagram DTMB receiver;

Fig. 4 is the structure that diagram is used for handling at transmitter the frame main body of transmission frame, and the schematic block diagram of discrete Fourier transformer in the receiver;

Fig. 5 is the form that shows various sample situations, but 3780 code elements of the interleaver interlacing frames main body of transmitter wherein;

Fig. 6 has shown the example embodiment of the operation of 3780 code elements that are used for the interlacing frames main body;

Fig. 7 has shown another example embodiment of the operation of 3780 code elements that are used for the interlacing frames main body;

Fig. 8 is the schematic block diagram of the example structure of diagram discrete Fourier transformer; And

Fig. 9 is the schematic block diagram of another example structure of diagram discrete Fourier transformer.

Embodiment

Described execution mode is only served explanation rather than restriction.The content of example shown in this explanation is provided with the complete understanding of helping the specific exemplary embodiments that is described with reference to the drawings.Therefore, those skilled in the art will recognize that under the situation of the spirit and scope that do not break away from claims and can make various changes and modification illustrative embodiments described herein.Therefore the application explains its general principle and notion in effective and the simplest mode.

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of diagram protection structure at interval of 1/9 frame main body from the transmission frame that DTMB sends.

This frame synchronization comprises the PN sequence.The PN that uses in this frame synchronization (pseudo noise) sequence is used for example sequence of parameter m=8, but is not limited to this.When parameter m=8, in this sequence, only there are 255 bit streams.Therefore; in 255 code elements, in the time will producing the protection interval with frame main body 1/9 size, Bu Fen code element expands in the preamble (preamble) endways; and the code element in the beginning part expands in the postamble (postamble), has the PN sequence of 420 code elements with generation.

For example, if form the frame main body with 3780 code elements, the protection that has frame main body 1/9 size so must be formed with 420 code elements at interval.Therefore, for by making up 255 code elements to create 420 code elements, 50 of end portion code elements expand in the preamble so, and expand in the postamble in 115 code elements of beginning part.

At this moment, preamble and postamble are the cyclic extensions of PN sign indicating number, and the equation that is used to create the multinomial P (x) of PN sequence can obtain by following formula 1.

[formula 1]

P(x)＝x ⁸+x ⁶+x ⁵+x+1

The PN sign indicating number changes to 254 from 0 in the phase place that produces in response to initial condition.Frame main body carrying code element, wherein Voice ﹠ Video (AV) data are by chnnel coding, and frame main body is formed with 3780 code elements.Protection can be selected 1/4 or 1/9 of frame main body at interval, and in addition, protection also can be selected 1/6 of frame main body at interval.Therefore, transmission frame-form can change at interval in response to this protection, and the number of symbols that is present in the transmission frame also can change.

Fig. 2 is the block diagram of diagram DTMB transmitter architecture, wherein reference number 200 representative system information generators.

Based on default value, system information generator 200 produces system information, and it comprises the length of frame head, interior bit rate, quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) pattern and time-interleaved pattern, and the pattern control information.For example, this system information generator 200 uses 32 code elements to produce system information.

Reference number 210 expression channel encoders, it carries out chnnel coding in response to the system information that system information generator 200 is produced to Voice ﹠ Video (AV) signal of importing.This channel encoder 210 can use such as ISN, outer sign indicating number, interweave and method such as symbol mapped is come chnnel coding AV signal.Low-density checksum (LDPC), turbo sign indicating number, grid (trellis) coded modulation (TCM) and convolution code can be used as ISN.Reed Solomon sign indicating number and Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenham sign indicating number can be used as outer sign indicating number.

The code element of the system information 200 that produces by system information generator 200 and multiplexed by multiplexer 220 to produce frame main body by the AV signal of channel encoder 210 chnnel codings.For example, 3744 code elements of the AV signal of 36 of system information code elements and 210 chnnel codings of channel encoder on multiplexer 220 in conjunction with to produce the frame main body of forming by 3780 code elements.

The frame main body that is produced by multiplexer 220 is interweaved according to default rule by interleaver 230.In other words, interleaver 230 can change the position of the code element that comprises frame main body according to preset rules, with the continuous mistake of reply issuable code element in the transmission course of this transmission frame.

The frame main body that interweaves by interleaver 230 by inverse fourier transformer 240 inverse fourier transforms so that the frequency domain frame main body is transformed to the time domain frame main body.When 240 pairs of frame main bodies of inverse fourier transformer carried out inverse fourier transform, the code element of frame main body order may change.Therefore, can be provided with and to reset device be order before the inverse fourier transform with the code element order rearrangement with frame main body to inverse fourier transformer 240.

Reference number 250 is frame head generators, and it produces frame head in response to the system information that system information generator 200 is produced.In the DTMB situation, the PN sequence is used as training signal to produce frame head.This frame head generator 250 can produce the PN sequence by default rule.

The frame main body that is produced by the frame main body of 240 inverse fourier transforms of inverse fourier transformer with by frame head generator 250 is combined to produce transmission frame at transmission frame generator 260.Filtered device 270 filtering of transmission frame that produced by frame head generator 250 with on transmitter 280 with carrier signal (fc) mixing, up-convert to the radio band of 450～860Mhz, afterwards via antenna 290 emissions.

Fig. 3 is the block diagram of receiver structure among the diagram DTMB, and wherein tuner 300 receives the transmission frame of the radio band of the covering 450～860Mhz that is sent by transmitter.The received signal of tuner 300 is converted to digital signal by ADC 310 (AD converter).

The output signal of ADC 310 is divided into in-phase signal and orthogonal signalling by phase separator 320, and its frequency is synchronous by frequency synchronisation 330.

Frequency synchronisation 330 roughly is made up of three parts.First is AFC 335 (automatic frequency controller), second portion is the sequential synchronizer 336 that is used for the PN sequence that synchro transmitter sends, third part comprises tracker 337 and resampler 332, be used for sampling rate be different from Receiver And Transmitter be used for analog signal conversion is the employed sampling rate of digital signal the time compensate the symbol error that is produced.

Obtain aforesaid operations as the relevant result of PN correlator 334.In other words, as the relevant result of PN correlator 334, AFC 335 produces the AFC signals, and the AFC signal that is produced is multiplied by the output signal of phase separator 320 at multiplier 331, compensates the frequency errors of estimation with this.

And, as the correlated results of PN correlator 334, sequential synchronizer 336 synchronic PN sequences, and tracker 337 removes resampler 332 with the symbol error of compensation from the signal of multiplier 331 outputs in response to the output signal of sequential synchronizer 336.

Filtered device 333 filtering of the output signal of resampler 332 are to be input to PN correlator 334.

From the transmission frame of filter 333 output and from the channel estimating information of PN correlator 334 outputs by discrete Fourier transformer 340,350 discrete Fourier transform (DFT), to return to the order before the frame main body code element is launched machine and interweaves.The frame main body that is recovered by equalizer 360 channel compensations to output to channel decoder.

Fig. 4 is the schematic block diagram that diagram is used for the structure of DFT part in structure that the frame main body of transmitter transmission frame is handled and the receiver.

Now, with reference to figure 4, this transmitter comprises interleaver 230.This interleaver 230 changes the order of the code element of the frame main body that comprises transmission frame according to default rule, and tackles the continuous mistake of issuable code element in the transmission course of transmission frame.And, contrary by the frame main body that interleaver 230 interweaves by inverse fourier transformer 240 Fourier transforms, to be transferred to receiver.

Receiver comprises discrete Fourier transformer 340,350, its frame main body that discrete Fourier transform (DFT) received conversely.This discrete Fourier transformer 340,350 comprises Fourier transformer 400, resets device 410 and deinterleaver 420.

Fourier transformer 400 is carried out Fourier transform, so that the time domain frame main body is changed into the frequency domain frame main body.This Fourier transform uses the algorithm of fast fourier transform substantially.Code element order before the code element of the frame main body of Fourier transform order and the Fourier transform is inconsistent.

Resetting device 410 and reset code element order by the frame main body of Fourier transformer 400 Fourier transforms, is the code element order of the frame main body before the Fourier transform with the code element order recovery with frame main body.Reset device 410 and need be used to store the temporary storage of code element, to recover the code element order of frame main body.

Deinterleaved by deinterleaver 420 from the code element of the frame main body of resetting device 410 outputs, so that the code element of the code element order recovery of frame main body before interweaving to the interleaver 230 of transmitter in proper order.Need temporary storage equally in the deinterleave process of frame main body code element of deinterleaver 420.

In other words, the code element of transmitter interlacing frames main body is carried out inverse fourier transform and emission.Therefore, discrete Fourier transformer 340,350 must be provided with Fourier transformer 400 and deinterleaver 420.And, because the code element of frame main body changes in proper order when the code element of frame main body is carried out Fourier transform by Fourier transformer 400,, receiver resets the order of device 410 with the code element that is used to reset frame main body so must comprising.

The temporary storage of the code element of rearrangement device 410 and the interim storage frame main body of deinterleaver 420 needs is to handle the code element of this frame main body.Therefore, present disclosure proposes a kind of deinterleaving method, be used for recovering code element simply by Fourier transform and the code element of frame main body of deinterleaving, rather than by the receiver Fourier transform, reset and the code element of this frame main body that deinterleaves.

Fig. 5 is the form that shows various sample situations, but 3780 code elements of the interleaver interlacing frames main body of transmitter wherein.

With reference to figure 5, I=1 has indicated 3780 situations that code element is not interleaved, and I=2 has indicated 3780 code elements by factor 63 and 60,126 and 30 or 20 and 489 situations about interweaving.

Equally, I=7 has represented 3780 code elements respectively by factor 3,3,3,2,2,5 and 7, or factor 2,3,3,3,2,5 and 7, or factor 7,5,2,2,2,3 and 3 situation about interweaving.

By interweaving of carrying out of the order that changes factor among Fig. 5 having defined other deinterleaving methods.Those skilled in the art are readily understood that to also have a lot of deinterleaving methods except the method for Fig. 5.

At this moment, the quantity 3780 of code element can have prime number 2,3,5 and 7, and following formula 2 simple definings about the factor of 3780 code elements.

[formula 2]

$3780=\underset{i=1}{\overset{I}{\mathrm{\Π}}}{N}_i$

Wherein, N _iOne of be 2,3,5 or 7, or the product of these factors, I is integer between 1 to 7 and the quantity of representing factor.

Fig. 6 has shown the exemplary enforcement of the operation of 3780 code elements that are used for the interlacing frames main body, and wherein 3780 code elements are exemplarily interweaved by factor 7,5,3,4 and 9.The deinterleaving method of this execution mode makes the number range of variable of the code element be used for the interlacing frames main body by default and set up formula according to the number range of default variable, and by the interweave code element of this frame main body of default formula.

For example, suppose that 3789 code elements will be interweaved by factor 7,5,3,4 and 9, five variable N1, N2, N3, N4 and N5 are by default, determine so that then scope makes default five variable N1, N2, N3, N4 and N5 have respectively from 0 to less than 7,5,3,4 and 9 numerical value.In other words, determine that scope is caught N1=0≤N1＜7, N2=0≤N2＜5, N3=0≤N3＜3, N4=0≤N4＜4 and N5=0≤N5＜7.

Be determined in case be used for the number range of N1, N2, N3, N4 and N5, formula 3 just is created by the number range that use is used for N1, N2, N3, N4 and N5, and carries out according to 3 pairs of code elements of the formula of being created and to interweave.

[formula 3]

Y[420N ₅+105N ₄+35N ₃+7N ₂+N ₁]＝Z[540N ₁+108N ₂+36N ₃+9N ₄+N ₅]

Wherein, 420N in the formula 3 ₅+ 105N ₄+ 35N ₃+ 7N ₂+ N ₁The numerical value of coefficient be 3789 code elements sequentially by 9,4,3,5 and 7 numerical value that remove, and 540N ₁+ 108N ₂+ 36N ₃+ 9N ₄+ N ₅The numerical value of coefficient be that 3789 code elements are sequentially by 7,5,3,4 and 9 numerical value that remove.And Z has defined the position of each code element before interweaving, and Y represent the to interweave position of each code element of back.

If the numerical value of five variable N1, N2, N3, N4 and N5 changes to less than 7,5,3,4 and 9 from 0 respectively, so Z and Y between them in correspondence with each other.Therefore, with tactic 3780 code elements of Z value by sequential interleaved with the Y value.

Fig. 7 has shown another illustrative embodiments of the operation of 3780 code elements that are used for the interlacing frames main body, and wherein 3780 code elements are interweaved by factor 3,3,3,2,2,5 and 7.

With reference to figure 7, the number range of default variable N1, the N2 that is used for the code element of interlacing frames main body, N3, N4, N5, N6, N7, and set up formula, and according to the code element of this formula interlacing frames main body according to the default value scope that is used for variable N1, N2, N3, N4, N5, N6, N7.

In other words, when 3780 code elements are interweaved by factor 3,3,3,2,2,5,7, set up seven variable N1, N2, N3, N4, N5, N6, N7, and the scope of setting up makes the numerical value of variable N1, the N2 set up, N3, N4, N5, N6, N7 be respectively from 0 to less than 3,3,3,2,2,5,7.

In other words, set up scope and make N1=0≤N1＜3, N2=0≤N2＜3, N3=0≤N3＜3, N4=0≤N4＜2, N5=0≤N5＜2, N6=0≤N6＜5 and N7=0≤N7＜7.

In case seven variable N1, N2, N3, N4, N5, N6, N7 are established according to its scope,, and use the formula of being created 4 code element that interweaves so just by using the range of variables that is used for N1, N2, N3, N4, N5, N6, N7 set up to create formula 4.

[formula 4]

Y[540N ₇+108N ₆+54N ₅+27N ₄+9N ₃+3N ₂+N ₁]＝Z[1260N ₁+420N ₂+140N ₃+70N ₄+35N ₅+7N ₆+N ₇]

If the numerical value of the variable N1, the N2 that are set up, N3, N4, N5, N6, N7 changes to less than 3,3,3,2,2,5,7 from 0 respectively, so Z and Y between them in correspondence with each other.Therefore, with tactic 3780 code elements of Z value by sequential interleaved with the Y value.

Except two kinds of methods of above affirmation, the code element of frame main body can use the configuration frame main body code element various factors and interweave.The code element that interweaves of frame main body is carried out inverse fourier transform by inverse fourier transformer, combine with frame head with produce transmission frame and after send to receiver.

At receiver, by receiving the frame main body that interweaves and sends of transmission frame, be order before interweaving with the symbol recovery of frame main body, this frame main body by the discrete Fourier transformer Fourier transform with deinterleave.

The code element of the frame main body of the transmission frame that receives, i.e. 3780 code elements, can be comprised that 9 * 4 * 3 * 5 * 7 or 3 * 3 * 3 * 2 * 2 * 5 * 7 various factors decompose factor, so that can use WFT (Winograd Fourier transform) to carry out discrete Fourier transform (DFT) according to these factors.To describe WFT in detail now.

The number N of discrete Fourier transform (DFT) can be by 5 definition of following formula.

[formula 5]

$X\left(k\right)=\underset{n=0}{\overset{N-1}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}x\left(n\right)W_N^{\mathrm{nk}}$

Wherein k ∈ 0, N-1}, W _N≡ e ^{(j2 π/N)}

X and X can be by the number N definition of column vector.Suppose that X is defined by formula 7 x by formula 6 definition, so N * N transition matrix D _NCan be by formula 8 definition.

[formula 6]

$x=\left(\begin{array}{c}x\left(0\right)\\ x\left(1\right)\\ \·\\ \·\\ x(N-1)\end{array}\right)$

[formula 7]

$X=\left(\begin{array}{c}X\left(0\right)\\ X\left(1\right)\\ \·\\ \·\\ X(N-1)\end{array}\right)$

[formula 8]

$D_N(i,r)=\left[W_N^{\mathrm{ir}}\right]\≡\left[W_N^{\mathrm{ir}\mathrm{mod}N}\right]$ i，r∈[0，N-1]

Transition matrix D _NCan decompose (canonical decomposition) according to standard and be converted into each formula 9.

[formula 9]

S _NC _NT _N＝D _N

Wherein, T _NBe only to have element 0, J * N incidence matrices of-1,1, C _NBe J * J diagonal matrix, and S _NIt is N * J incidence matrices.

For example, when N=3, transition matrix D _NCan be by formula 10 expressions.

[formula 10]

$\left(\begin{array}{ccc}111& 000& 000\\ 000& 111& 000\\ 000& 000& 111\end{array}\right)\left(\begin{array}{ccccc}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="C"\; filenames="S071A4261820070605E000041.png,S071A4261820070605E000042.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">C</figure-callout>}}_0& & & & 0\\ & C_1& & & \\ & & {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="C"\; filenames="S071A4261820070605E000032.png,S071A4261820070605E000042.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">C</figure-callout>}}_2& & \\ & & & \&CenterDot;& \\ 0& & & & C_8\end{array}\right)\left(\begin{array}{ccc}1& 0& 0\\ 0& 1& 0\\ 0& 0& 1\\ 1& 0& 0\\ 0& 1& 0\\ 0& 0& 1\\ 1& 0& 0\\ 0& 1& 0\\ 0& 0& 1\end{array}\right)=\left(\begin{array}{ccc}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="W"\; filenames="S071A4261820070605E000032.png,S071A4261820070605E000042.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">W</figure-callout>}}_3^0& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="W"\; filenames="S071A4261820070605E000032.png,S071A4261820070605E000042.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">W</figure-callout>}}_3^0& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="W"\; filenames="S071A4261820070605E000032.png,S071A4261820070605E000042.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">W</figure-callout>}}_3^0\\ {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="W"\; filenames="S071A4261820070605E000032.png,S071A4261820070605E000042.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">W</figure-callout>}}_3^0& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="W"\; filenames="S071A4261820070605E000032.png,S071A4261820070605E000042.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">W</figure-callout>}}_3^1& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="W"\; filenames="S071A4261820070605E000032.png,S071A4261820070605E000042.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">W</figure-callout>}}_3^2\\ {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="W"\; filenames="S071A4261820070605E000032.png,S071A4261820070605E000042.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">W</figure-callout>}}_3^0& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="W"\; filenames="S071A4261820070605E000032.png,S071A4261820070605E000042.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">W</figure-callout>}}_3^2& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="W"\; filenames="S071A4261820070605E000032.png,S071A4261820070605E000042.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">W</figure-callout>}}_3^1\end{array}\right)$

Diagonal matrix C _NCan be by formula 11 definition.

[formula 11]

${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="C"\; filenames="S071A4261820070605E000032.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">C</figure-callout>}}_1=D_3(\frac{l-\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="l\; mod"\; filenames="S071A4261820070605E000032.png,S071A4261820070605E000042.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">l</figure-callout>}\mathrm{mod}3}{3},l\mathrm{mod}3)$

Suppose that N can be by N ' and N " decompose factor, D so _NCan be by about D _N' D _N" and about the N of the N ' that can decompose factor " decompose factor.For example, if N is 12 (=3 * 4), D so _NCan be decomposed factor by D3 and D4.

Therefore, even N is not the square number that time-domain signal is converted to frequency-region signal, also can use formula 12 to calculate D _N

[formula 12]

X′＝(D ₃*D ₄)x′

Because the frequency of sum of products summation operation is not frequent, WFT is favourable.Suppose that the input data are x ₀, x ₁, x ₂, and the dateout of conversion is X ₀X ₁, X ₂, the numerical value of conversion can obtain by following order.

At N=3, under the situation of u=2 π/3,

t ₁＝x ₁+x ₁

m ₀＝1·(x ₀+t ₁)，m ₁＝(cosu-1)·t ₁，m ₂＝i?sinu·(x ₁-x ₂)

s＝m ₀+m ₁

X ₀＝m ₀

X ₁＝s ₁+m ₂

X ₂＝s ₁-m ₂

U is defined as 2 π/N by the N value, and t ₁, s ₁, m ₁, m ₂Become the parameter transformation coefficient temporarily.In calculating in the above, summation operation has been carried out 6 times and multiplying has been carried out 3 times.As a result, when carrying out when not being the Fourier transform of number of 2 multiple, reduced unnecessary computing by WFT rather than by high-order Fourier transform (high Fourier transform).

Fig. 8 is the schematic block diagram of exemplary configurations of diagram discrete Fourier transformer, and wherein the frame main body that is interweaved by factor 7,5,3,4 and 9 is by factor 9,4,3,5 and 7 discrete Fourier transform (DFT).

The code element of frame main body is by factor 7 in transmitter, 5,3,4 and 9 when interweaving, discrete Fourier transform (DFT) is by order and be provided with serially with: the first code element arithmetic element 800 to be used for that every " 9 code elements " carried out the WFT operation, the second code element arithmetic element 810 is to be used for that every " 4 code elements " carried out the WFT operation, trigram n ary operation unit 820 is to be used for that every " 3 code elements " carried out the WFT operation, the 4th code element arithmetic element 830 is operated to be used for that every " 5 code elements " carried out WFT, and the 5th code element arithmetic element 840 is to be used for that every " 7 code elements " carried out the WFT operation.

First to the 5th code element arithmetic element 800,810,820,830 and 840 comprises respectively: single WFT unit 802,812,822,832 and 842, be used for a plurality of code elements are carried out the WFT operation, and a plurality of memories 804,814,824,834 and 844, be used for the code element that interim storage is imported.For example, be used for the first code element arithmetic element 800 of 9 code elements execution WFT operation is comprised 8 memories 804, be used for the second code element arithmetic element 810 of 4 code elements execution WFT operation is comprised 3 memories 814, be used for the trigram n ary operation unit 820 of 3 code elements execution WFT operation is comprised 2 memories 824, be used for the 4th code element arithmetic element 830 of 5 code elements execution WFT operation is comprised 3 memories 834, and be used for the 5th code element arithmetic element 840 of 7 code elements execution WFT operation is comprised 6 memories 844.

First to the 5th code element arithmetic element 800,810,820,830 and 840 is provided with first to fourth multiplier 850,860,870 and 880 between them.First to fourth multiplier 850,860,870 and 880 multiply by default first to fourth operator R3780, R420, R105 and R35 with the output signal of first to fourth code element arithmetic element 800,810,820 and 830 respectively, and output to the input of second to the 5th code element arithmetic element 810,820,830 and 840, wherein operator R3780, R420, R105 and R35 can be represented by following formula 13.

[formula 13]

${R^i}_{\mathrm{kk}}=e^{\{-\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="j"\; filenames="S071A4261820070605E000032.png,S071A4261820070605E000042.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">j</figure-callout>}\frac{2\mathrm{\&pi;}}{\mathrm{kk}}i\mathrm{mod}{k}_L[\frac{i\mathrm{mod}\mathrm{kk}}{k_L}\left]\right\}},$ ${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="k"\; filenames="S071A4261820070605E000032.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">k</figure-callout>}}_1=\frac{N}{N_1{N}_2{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="N"\; filenames="S071A4261820070605E000032.png,S071A4261820070605E000042.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">N</figure-callout>}}_3...N_L}$

Wherein kk is N _LK _L, N ₁Comprise 9,4,3,5 and 7.For example, under the situation of 3780 code elements of discrete Fourier transform (DFT), described kk is 3780, and the numerical value of first operator R3780 can be 9.

When the code element that receives was imported into the first code element arithmetic element 800, WFT unit 802 was stored in the code element of being imported in 8 memories 804 temporarily.After all code elements were stored in 8 memories 804,802 pairs of WFT unit were stored in the code element in these 8 memories 804 and will be carried out the WFT operation by the code element of follow-up input, and output to first multiplier 850.

First multiplier 850 multiply by default operator R3780 with the code element of the first code element arithmetic element, 800 outputs, and outputs to the second code element arithmetic element 810.

The similar first code element arithmetic element 800, the second code element arithmetic element 810 will be stored in the memory 814 from the code element of first multiplier, 850 outputs, if and all code elements all are stored in the memory 814, then 812 pairs of WFT unit are stored in the code element in the memory 814 and will be carried out the WFT operation by the code element of follow-up input, and output.

At this moment, the example explanation is carried out the process of the second code element arithmetic element 810 of WFT operation to 4 code elements.

The code element of supposing to be input to the second code element arithmetic element 810 is x ₀, x ₁, x ₂, and the code element of exporting from the second code element arithmetic element 810 is X ₀, X ₁, X ₂, the second code element arithmetic element 810 can be obtained the numerical value of the code element of WFT operation by following order so.

Under the situation of N=4,

t ₁＝x ₀+x ₂，t ₂＝x ₁+x ₃

m ₀＝1·(t ₁+t ₂)，

m ₁＝1·(t ₁-t ₂)，m ₂＝1·(x ₀-x ₂)，m ₃＝1·(x ₁-x ₃)

X ₀＝m ₀，X ₁＝m ₂+m ₃，X ₂＝m ₁，X ₃＝m ₂-m ₃

WFT unit 812 is stored in the memory 814 code element of follow-up input up to being used for calculating parameter conversion coefficient t ₁X ₂Be transfused to.Work as x ₂When being transfused to, WFT unit 812 calculating parameter conversion coefficient t ₁And it is stored in the memory 814 once more.

Equally, the WFT unit 812 storage parameters calculated conversion coefficient t of institute ₁, t ₂, and use the parameters calculated conversion coefficient t of institute ₁, t ₂, calculate m ₀, m ₁The parameter transformation coefficient, and export the code element of final WFT operation.

The code element of the second code element arithmetic element, 810 outputs is multiplied by operator R420 at second multiplier, 860 places and is output.

Equally, 820 pairs of 3 code elements in trigram n ary operation unit are carried out also output of WFT operation, and are multiplied by operator R105 at the 3rd multiplier 870 places and are output by the code element of trigram n ary operation unit 820 outputs.

And 830 pairs of 5 code elements of the 4th code element arithmetic element are carried out also output of WFT operation, and are multiplied by operator R35 at the 4th multiplier 880 places and are output by the code element of the 4th code element arithmetic element 830 outputs.

Per 7 code elements of 840 pairs the 4th multipliers of the 5th code element arithmetic element, 880 outputs are carried out WFT operation and output.

Suppose 3780 code elements by factor N1, N2, N3, N4, N5 factor decompose so that can carry out the WFT operation, and the code element order I of each WFT unit 802,812,822,832 and 842 outputs can be represented by following formula 14 so.

[formula 14]

I＝i ₁N ₂N ₃N ₄N ₅+i ₂N ₃N ₄N ₅+i ₃N ₄N ₅+i ₄N ₅+i ₅

I ₁＝O，...，N _1-1，I ₂＝O，...，N _2-1，I ₃＝O，...，N _3-1，I ₄＝O，...，N _4-1，I ₅＝O，...，N _5-1

In the illustrative embodiments of Fig. 8, N1=9, N2=4, N3=3, N4=5, N5=7, and when 3780 code elements are passed through each WFT piece respectively, adjust positions according to formula 14, in formula 14, if the 5th factor (i ₅) numerical value to be changed be 0～N5-1, Sheng Xia factor (i so ₁, i ₂, i ₃, i ₄) will have fixed numeric values.

If the 4th factor (i ₄) to be changed be 0～N _4-1, the 5th factor (i so ₅) numerical value from the 4th factor (i of each change ₄) numerical value change into 0～N _5-1, and residue factor (i ₁, i ₂, i ₃) will have fixed numeric values.

If the 3rd factor (i ₃) to be changed be 0～N _3-1, the 4th factor (i so ₄) numerical value from the 3rd factor (i of each change ₃) numerical value change into 0～N _4-1, and the 5th factor (i ₅) numerical value from each the 4th factor (i ₄) numerical value change 0～N _5-1, and remaining factor (i ₁, i ₂) will have fixed numeric values.

If the second factor (i ₂) numerical value to be changed be 0～N _2-1, the 3rd factor (i so ₃) numerical value from the second factor (i of each change ₂) numerical value change into 0～N _3-1, the 4th factor (i ₄) numerical value from the 3rd factor (i of each change ₃) numerical value change into 0～N _4-1, and the 5th factor (i ₅) numerical value from each the 4th factor (i ₄) numerical value change into 0～N _5-1, and remaining factor (i ₁) will have fixed numeric values.

If the first factor (i ₁) numerical value to be changed be 0～N _1-1, the second factor (i so ₂) numerical value change into 0～N _2-1, and the 3rd factor (i ₃) numerical value from the second factor (i of each change ₂) numerical value change into 0～N _3-1, and the 4th factor (i ₄) numerical value from the 3rd factor (i of each change ₃) numerical value change into 0～N _4-1, and the 5th factor (i ₅) numerical value from the 4th factor (i of each change ₄) numerical value change into 0～N _5-1

Therefore, if the code element of frame main body interweaves according to the formula of Fig. 6 in the transmitter, the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of Fig. 8 will be carried out Fourier transform to the code element of the frame main body that received so, and with the backward of the factor that interweaves these code elements are carried out simultaneously and deinterleaved, be converted to the position of original order with position with code element.

Fig. 9 is the schematic block diagram of another exemplary configurations of diagram discrete Fourier transformer, and it has shown that the frame main body that is decomposed by factor 7,5,2,2,3,3 factors is by the structure of factor 3,3,3,2,2,5,7 discrete Fourier transform (DFT).

When frame main body during by factor 3,3,3,2,2,5,7 discrete Fourier transform (DFT), discrete Fourier transformer in series and sequentially is provided with: first to trigram n ary operation unit 900,910 and 920 to be used for that every " 3 code elements " carried out the WFT operation, the the 4th and the 5th code element arithmetic element 930 and 940 is to be used for that every " 2 code elements " carried out the WFT operation, the 6th code element arithmetic element 950 is to be used for that every " 5 code elements " carried out WFT operation and the 7th code element arithmetic element 960 to be used for that every " 9 code elements " carried out the WFT operation.

First to the 7th code element arithmetic element 900,910,920,930,940 and 950 comprise respectively: single WFT unit 902,912,922,932,942,952 and 962, operate to be used for that a plurality of code elements are carried out WFT, and a plurality of memory 904,914,924,934,944,954 and 964 to be used for the code element of interim storage input.

And first to the 7th code element arithmetic element 900,910,920,930,940,950 and 960 is respectively arranged with first to the 6th multiplier 970,980,990,1000,1010 and 1020 between them.First to the 7th multiplier 970,980,990,1000,1010 and 1020 with first to the 6th arithmetic element 900,910, the code element of 920,930,940 and 950 outputs multiply by operator R3780 respectively, R1260, R420, R210, R105 and R35, and output to second to the 7th code element arithmetic element 910,920,930,940,950 and 960 input.

In the exemplary enforcement of the discrete Fourier transformer that disposes like this, if by the interweave code element of frame main body in the transmitter of the formula among Fig. 7, discrete Fourier transformer is carried out Fourier transform to the code element of the frame main body that received so, and carry out with the backward of the factor that interweaves simultaneously and deinterleave, be converted to the position of original order with position with code element.

Can obviously find out from above-mentioned explanation, set up the number range that is used for variable according to the factor that is used for the code element factor of transmitter frame main body decomposes in advance, set up formula according to the number range that is used for the variable set up in advance, according to the formula of being set up and the code element of interlacing frames main body.

Then, the code element of frame main body is received a plurality of code element arithmetic element Fourier transforms in the machine and is deinterleaved by the backward with the factor that interweaved simultaneously, divides with this to be equipped with deinterleaving of independent rearrangement performance and the code element in the frame main body.

Above-mentioned specific implementations only is illustrative, because these execution modes can be modified and can implement by mode different but that be equal to, this is clearly to the those skilled in the art of instruction that benefit from this.And, except described in the claim, without limits for structure shown here or details.Therefore, be apparent that above-mentioned specific implementations can be changed or revise, and all this variations are considered to all drop within the spirit and scope of this specification.Therefore, this protection of seeking such as below described in the claim.

Claims (12)

1. transmitter that is used to send broadcast data, described transmitter comprises:

The system information generator, it is configured to based on default value generation system information;

Coding unit, it is configured to respond described system information audio signal and vision signal is carried out low-density checksum (LDPC) coding and Bose Chaudhuri Hocquenhem (BCH) coding;

Multiplexer, its system information that is configured to Voice ﹠ Video signal behind the multiplexing described coding and described generation is to generate frame;

The frame head generator, it is configured by default rule is that training signal generates frame head with the PN sequence;

Interleaver, it is configured the frame of multiplexer output is interweaved;

The inverse Fourier transform device, it is configured to the frame after interweaving is carried out inverse fourier transform so that frequency-region signal is become time-domain signal;

The transmission frame generator, its frame that is configured to the frame head that will be produced and has passed through inverse fourier transform combines and generates transmission frame; And

Reflector, it is configured to the transmission frame of described generation is sent to receiver.

2. transmitter according to claim 1, wherein said frame head comprises the PN sequence.

3. transmitter according to claim 2, wherein said frame head further comprise by described PN sequence is carried out preamble that cyclic extensions produces and by described PN sequence is carried out cyclic extensions produces back synchronously, wherein said preamble bit was positioned at after the described PN sequence after described before described PN sequence synchronously.

4. receiver that is used to handle broadcast data, described receiver comprises:

Tuner, it is configured to receiving broadcast signal, described broadcast singal results from carries out low-density checksum (LDPC) coding and Bose ChaudhuriHocquenhem (BCH) coding to audio signal and vision signal, Voice ﹠ Video Signals ﹠ Systems information behind the multiplexing described coding to be generating frame, and with frame head with passed through to interweave and combine with the transmission frame that generates with the frame of inverse fourier transform;

Analog to digital converter, it is configured to described broadcast singal is converted to digital broadcast data;

Phase separator, it is configured to the digital broadcast data after the conversion is divided into in-phase signal and orthogonal signalling;

The PN correlator, it is configured to generate correlated results;

Automatic frequency controller, its correlated results signal that is configured to respond described PN correlator generates the automatic frequency controller signal;

Multiplier, it is configured to the output signal of described automatic frequency controller signal and described phase separator is multiplied each other, with the compensating frequency mistake;

The sequential synchronizer, it is synchronous that it is configured to use the correlated results of described generation to be used for the sequential of the digital broadcast data after the described conversion;

Resampler, it is configured to the signal of multiplier output is resampled;

Tracker, it is configured to come the digital broadcast data after the described resampling is carried out the symbol error compensation by the output signal of using described sequential synchronizer;

Filter, it is configured to the data after the described compensation symbol error are carried out filtering, and filtered data further are input to described PN correlator;

The DFT unit, it is configured to the channel estimating information translation that filtered data and PN correlator are exported is that frequency domain data is to recover frame; And

Equalizer, it is configured to the frame after recovering is carried out channel compensation,

Wherein, the described resampler signal that is based on tracker output resamples to the signal of multiplier output.

5. receiver according to claim 4, wherein said frame head comprises the PN sequence.

6. receiver according to claim 5, wherein said frame head further comprise by described PN sequence is carried out preamble that cyclic extensions produces and by described PN sequence is carried out cyclic extensions produces back synchronously, wherein said preamble bit was positioned at after the described PN sequence after described before described PN sequence synchronously.

7. method that is used to send broadcast data, described method comprises:

Based on default value generation system information;

Respond described system information audio signal and vision signal are carried out low-density checksum (LDPC) coding and Bose Chaudhuri Hocquenhem (BCH) coding;

The Voice ﹠ Video signal behind the multiplexing described coding and the system information of described generation are to generate frame;

Is that training signal generates frame head by default rule with the PN sequence; With the frame head that produced with passed through the generation transmission frame that combines with the frame of inverse fourier transform that interweaves; And

The transmission frame of described generation is sent to receiver.

8. method according to claim 7, wherein said frame head comprises the PN sequence.

9. method according to claim 8, wherein said frame head further comprise by described PN sequence is carried out preamble that cyclic extensions produces and by described PN sequence is carried out cyclic extensions produces back synchronously, wherein said preamble bit was positioned at after the described PN sequence after described before described PN sequence synchronously.

10. method that is used to handle broadcast data, described method comprises:

By the tuner receiving broadcast signal, described broadcast singal comes from carries out low-density checksum (LDPC) coding and Bose Chaudhuri Hocquenhem (BCH) coding to audio signal and vision signal, at least one Voice ﹠ Video signal behind the multiplexing described coding and system information to be generating frame, and with frame head with passed through to interweave and combine with the transmission frame that generates with the frame of inverse fourier transform;

By analog to digital converter described broadcast singal is converted to digital broadcast data;

Digital broadcast data after will being changed by phase separator is divided into in-phase signal and orthogonal signalling;

Generate correlated results by the PN correlator;

The correlated results signal that is responded described PN correlator by automatic frequency controller generates the automatic frequency controller signal; Multiply each other by the output signal of multiplier, with the compensating frequency mistake described automatic frequency controller signal and described phase separator; And

It is synchronous to use the correlated results of described generation to be used for the sequential of the digital broadcast data after the described conversion by the sequential synchronizer;

Resample by the signal of resampler to multiplier output;

Come the digital broadcast data after the described resampling is carried out the symbol error compensation by the output signal of using described sequential synchronizer by tracker;

Carry out filtering by the data of filter after, and filtered data further are input to described PN correlator to described compensation symbol error;

The channel estimating information translation of filtered data and PN correlator being exported by the DFT unit is that frequency domain data is to recover frame; And

By equalizer the frame after recovering is carried out channel compensation,

Wherein, described resampler resamples based on the signal of the tracker output signal to multiplier output.

11. method according to claim 10, wherein said frame head comprises the PN sequence.

12. method according to claim 11, wherein said frame head further comprise by described PN sequence is carried out preamble that cyclic extensions produces and by described PN sequence is carried out cyclic extensions produces back synchronously, wherein said preamble bit was positioned at after the described PN sequence after described before described PN sequence synchronously.

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