CN101079184A - CAN bus based electric energy quality real-time monitoring and evaluation system - Google Patents
CAN bus based electric energy quality real-time monitoring and evaluation system Download PDFInfo
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- CN101079184A CN101079184A CN 200710028082 CN200710028082A CN101079184A CN 101079184 A CN101079184 A CN 101079184A CN 200710028082 CN200710028082 CN 200710028082 CN 200710028082 A CN200710028082 A CN 200710028082A CN 101079184 A CN101079184 A CN 101079184A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a real-time monitoring and estimating system of power quality based on CAN bus for electric system and each class of power distribution system, which comprises the following network structures: data gathering layer as the first layer, which groups multiple stations to manage and transmits all the electric power network signal into standard voltage to the data gathering card; data disposing layer as the second layer, which converses the electric parameter by data gathering layer to realize the calculation and analysis of electric quality such as voltage fluctuation, harmonic analysis, flicker and so on; data transmitting layer as the third layer, which utilizes CAN bus to establish high-reliability opened data communicating circuit and realizes the conversion of order and data between middle control chamber PC set and working control machine; user layer as the fourth layer, which builds friend operational interface to provide display, storage, analysis and estimation function of the monitored data and makes the user to observe real-time data of wind electric-field operation directly.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of electric energy quality real-time monitoring and assessment technology, mainly be applicable to the real-time monitoring and the assessment of the quality of power supply of electric system and distribution systems at different levels.
Background technology
The product of present existing electric energy quality monitoring system is broadly divided into 3 classes: the industrial computer mode of the portable instrument of off-line, unit and based on the master-slave mode of RS232/485 simple network communication.
The portable instrument of off-line can only carry out limited data acquisition and writing function under artificial situation about participating in, storage and historical data analysis function abundant and that satisfy the demands can't be provided.
The consideration aspect 3 real-time mutually collections and analysis of the industrial computer mode of unit is very few, and working method is unreliable, also the collection analysis data can't be reached control center and analyze and preserve, so that the comparative analysis of data and data mining in the future.
There are many deficiencies in master-slave mode based on the communication of RS232/485 simple network: on the network host node can only be arranged, can't constitute the system of many main structures or redundancy structure, in case host node breaks down, state of paralysis will appear in total system; Data transmission efficiency is low, and dirigibility is relatively poor, and in the occasion that real-time is had relatively high expectations, this is fatal weakness; The RS485 standard that Physical layer adopts, link layer is the SDLC agreement, and overall efficiency is lower, and especially error processing capacity is not strong.
Summary of the invention
Shortcoming in view of above three class electric energy quality monitoring systems, the present invention proposes a kind of electric energy quality real-time monitoring and evaluating system based on the CAN bus, indexs such as voltage, frequency and the power swing of electric power system, mains by harmonics, imbalance of three-phase voltage are detected in real time, and be uploaded to the backstage analytic system, and provide operation of power networks state and assessment result by communication line.
For realizing above-mentioned task, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of electric energy quality real-time monitoring and evaluating system based on the CAN bus, it is total to four-layer network network structure by ground floor data collection layer, second layer data analysis layer, the 3rd layer data transport layer and the 4th layer of client layer and forms; Described data collection layer is made up of a plurality of data acquisition groups, each data acquisition group comprises sensor, terminal board, data collecting card, sensor links to each other with data collecting card by the line terminal strip after the voltage and current data of monitoring are converted to normal voltage, realize that by capture card sample frequency is the high-speed data acquisition of the basic synchronization of 6.4kHz, described data collecting card inserts in the PCI slot of industrial computer, the control that the receives data analysis layer line data collection of going forward side by side.
Described data analysis layer is made of some industrial computers and program of lower computer, the communication instruction of the PC that industrial computer is sent here according to data transfer layer, driver control data capture card by data collecting card is gathered, the electric parameter that collects is converted, realize the calculating and the analysis of each power index simultaneously, call the driver of data transfer layer CAN address card then, each power index that calculates is sent back to data transfer layer.
Described data analysis layer program of lower computer is mainly realized the comprehensive analysis processing to the quality of power supply, and the monitoring that wherein relates to and the amount of calculating have: basic indexs such as voltage effective value, current effective value, active power, reactive power, power factor, voltage fluctuation, frequency analysis, flickering calculating.This software section has also proposed the zero crossing of digital filter and power quality analysis is detected new algorithm and the quadravalence Newton interpolation synchronization FFT algorithm of harmonics analysis that combines.
Described data transfer layer is made of some CAN address cards and super category 5 twisted pair, utilize the CAN bus to set up the open type data communication line of a high reliability, realize the exchange of the instruction and data between client layer PC and the industrial computer, described CAN address card passes through driver, reception is from the data of data analysis layer, and data are sent to PC.The present invention also adopts two data transfer on data transfer mode, be the thick transmission of data for the first time, is transmission fully for the second time.Thick data packets for transmission is drawn together information such as voltage, electric current, frequency, meritorious, idle, power factor, voltage fluctuation, wind direction, wind speed, is used for the interface display of program; Data packets for transmission is drawn together the power index and the frequency analysis data of thick transmission fully, is used for data computation and analytic statistics and storage.
The data transfer layer main task has following aspect at least:
(1) sets up a complete monitoring system: shake hands mutually by each communication site, all site information unifications are sent to PC;
(2) patrol and examine: the working condition of checking each website;
(3) data upload and processing: each monitoring station will analyze the form of data frames that data schema becomes to meet the CAN2.0B agreement, PC receives behind the data decryption of data classification and shows or store that instruction comprises: master data upload uploading of the uploading of (frequency, voltage effective value, current effective value or the like), harmonic wave, flickering result and Wave data etc.
Client layer is made of PC and host computer procedure, has the operation interface that provides friendly, demonstration, storage, analysis and the evaluation function of Monitoring Data are provided, monitoring point information is analyzed, stored and managed, and showing the real time data that wind energy turbine set is moved intuitively, it is the monitoring and the control center of total system, is responsible for the overall scheduling of system, operation conditions to each website is monitored, and finishes and the communicating by letter of slave computer.Described client layer PC master routine is provided with two circulations to obtaining data, one is the power index except that frequency analysis that circulation in per 5 seconds obtains each monitoring point, and another is all power index analysis result data of per 10 minutes one each websites of circulation acquisition and stores.
Because the present invention has adopted technique scheme, compares with background technology, has the following advantages:
1, adopts the CAN bus structure at data transfer layer, strengthened reliability, fault-tolerance and the extendability of network.
2, the detection of the zero crossing of digital filter and power quality analysis is combined, the algorithm of this numeral can obtain more precise calculation result, and transplantability is better.
3, a kind of real-time of the present invention better and the mains frequency deviation is had the quadravalence Newton interpolation synchronization FFT algorithm of harmonics analysis of good antijamming capability more greatly, not only reduced the requirement of system to hardware circuit, and improved the precision of frequency analysis, especially improved the error of phase calculation.
4, on data transfer mode, adopt two data transfer, the real-time that has improved system's demonstration has also guaranteed the integrality and the degree of accuracy of the storage of data.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is based on the electric energy quality real-time monitoring of CAN bus and the structure of evaluating system is formed synoptic diagram;
Fig. 2 is signal conveying flow figure of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is that industrial computer is to each electric index operational flowchart;
Fig. 4 is command frame and Echo Frame form;
Fig. 5 is the industrial computer collection and transmits the data program FB(flow block);
Fig. 6 be the PC data processing and with the program flow chart of communicating by letter of industrial computer.
Embodiment
In order to understand the present invention better, the present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, but the scope of protection of present invention is not limited to the scope of embodiment statement.
Embodiment 1: the Power Quality Detection analysis of wind energy turbine set
A kind of based on the electric energy quality real-time monitoring of CAN bus and the system construction drawing of evaluating system for the present invention as Fig. 1, it is total to four-layer network network structure by ground floor data collection layer 1, second layer data analysis layer 2, the 3rd layer data transmitting layer 3 and the 4th layer of client layer 4 and forms;
Described data collection layer 1 is made up of a plurality of data acquisition groups, and each data acquisition group comprises sensor 5, terminal board, data collecting card 6.Sensor 5 is converted to 0 of standard to the three-phase voltage and the three-phase current data of the aerogenerator output of being monitored---5V voltage, the back links to each other with data collecting card 6 by the line terminal strip, realize that by capture card 6 sample frequency is the high-speed data acquisition of the basic synchronization of 6.4kHz, described data collecting card inserts in the PCI slot of industrial computer, the control that the receives data analysis layer line data collection of going forward side by side;
Described data analysis layer 2 is made of some industrial computers 7 and program of lower computer, instruction that program of lower computer obtains according to data transfer layer or user are by the interface command of operation slave computer software, driver control data capture card by data collecting card is gathered, the electric parameter that collects is converted, realize the calculating and the analysis of each power index simultaneously.If the instruction that obtains by transport layer, call the driver of data transfer layer CAN address card with that, give data transfer layer each power index of calculating; If the users' interfaces order just data presentation on the interface.
Described data transfer layer is made of program of lower computer, some CAN address cards 8,9 and physical communication netting twine, utilize the CAN bus to set up the open type data communication line of a high reliability, realize the exchange of the instruction and data between client layer PC 10 and the industrial computer 7.CAN address card 8 is inserted in the PCI slot of industrial computer 7,, CAN address card 9 is inserted in the PCI slot of PC 10.The CAN address card 8 of described industrial computer 7 receives director data by driver, by program of lower computer data analysis layer is delivered in the instruction that receives, the data that processing layer is returned are delivered to data analysis layer then, and the CAN address card 8 of industrial computer 7 sends the data of sending here by driver again; The CAN address card 9 of PC 10 sends instruction and receives the data that industrial computer 7 is sent back to industrial computer 7 by driver.Described physical communication netting twine adopts super category 5 twisted pair.
The present invention also adopts two data transfer on data transfer mode, be the thick transmission of data for the first time, information transmission such as voltage, electric current, frequency, meritorious, idle, power factor, voltage fluctuation, wind direction, wind speed to the client layer PC; Be transmission fully for the second time, the disposable transmission of all power quality datas (except the data of short transmission, also having increased the data of frequency analysis).The data of thick transmission are used for interface display, and Chuan Shu data are used for calculating, analytic statistics and storage fully.
Client layer is made of PC 10 and host computer procedure, has friendly operation interface, can receive user's instruction, demonstration, storage, analysis and the evaluation function of Monitoring Data are provided, monitoring point information is analyzed, stored and manages, and show the real time data of wind energy turbine set operation intuitively, it is the monitoring and the control center of total system, be responsible for the overall scheduling of system, the operation conditions of each website is monitored, finish and the communicating by letter of slave computer.The host computer procedure of described client layer PC is provided with two circulations to obtaining data, a power index that is circulation in per 5 seconds obtains slightly to transmit also shows, another is that circulation in per 10 minutes obtains whole electric energy analysis result data of each website, and stores.
Show the data processing and the monitoring flow process of native system as Fig. 2, again in conjunction with shown in Figure 1, at first, the long-distance transmissions sensor 5 of voltage and current signal 21 by the step 22 of data collection layer of coming is converted to the standard signal that satisfies sampling, program of lower computer is provided with capture card 6 and is automatic acquisition state, CAN address card 8 is in listen mode, during operate as normal, the capture card 6 of step 23 works in the continuous collecting state, step 24 utilizes the data after 7 pairs of collections of industrial computer to handle then, shows real time data according to user interface command.Industrial computer 7 can receive the order of PC 10, transmits data by the CAN bus toward PC 10, and for PC 10 demonstrations and the assessment of step 25, and storage gives over to historical data.PC 10 also can send to industrial computer according to user command and require data command, then the data that industrial computer is sent here is saved in the historical data base, and shows these data and corresponding curve.
As Fig. 3, the computing flow process of 7 pairs of each parameter indexs of industrial computer in the data analysis layer of the present invention needs the power index of monitoring that three-phase voltage and electric current, active power, reactive power, power factor, voltage fluctuation, frequency analysis, flickering calculating etc. are arranged.The at first three-phase voltage and the three-phase current data of 15 cycles of step 31 sampling, 128 points of each cycle wherein, the frequency of step 32 can obtain by the sampling number of calculating voltage or electric current one-period, can think that generally 3 zero crossings are one-period.In order to reduce harmonic components and high frequency noise to determining the interference of zero passage and FFT Harmonics Calculation, adopted simple IIR (Infinite Impulse Response) wave filter in the step 32, be that software is realized digital band-pass filter, the zero crossing of this digital filter and power quality analysis detects and combines, promptly before carrying out the zero crossing detection, with a bandpass filter voltage signal of gathering is carried out filtering earlier, carry out the detection of zero crossing and the calculating of fundamental frequency with filtered data sequence.Operating procedure 33 carries out the Harmonics Calculation that the electric current and voltage effective value calculates, step step 34 is carried out active power calculating and step 35 subsequently.The synchronized FFT algorithm of harmonics analysis of quadravalence Newton interpolating method that is based on that wherein Harmonics Calculation of step 35 index computing partly adopts is analyzed the harmonic wave of the quality of power supply.Utilize the result of calculation of step 33, carry out the effective value average computation of step 36 and the applied power of step 37 subsequently respectively and calculate.Carrying out the flickering and the voltage fluctuation of step 38 subsequently calculates, because sample frequency is fixed, and signal might produce fluctuation, makes 2n the requirement of being sampled as that can not guarantee to satisfy a signal cycle of fft algorithm, can utilize approach based on linear interpolation to realize 2n data.According to (the IEC of International Electrotechnical Commission, International Electrotechnical Commission) wind wheel generator system (IEC61400-21) series standard of Ti Chuing, flickering is calculated required data and is acquisitions of sampling in the data store from industrial computer 10 minutes, 10 minutes data need real-time update.Utilize the active power calculating result of step 34 and the applied power of step 37 to calculate the power factor calculating that the result carries out step 39.Through step 310 result of calculation is mail to PC 10 through the CAN bus at last.
As shown in Figure 5, the communication protocol of data transfer layer of the present invention is the master-slave response pattern, each monitoring point (three-phase voltage of single monitoring point monitoring separate unit aerogenerator and three-phase current be the data of totally 6 passages) is provided with different N odeID, to distinguish different monitoring points; The CAN adapter of each industrial computer is provided with different CANID, to distinguish different industrial computers.PC give an order (command frame) at first, industrial computer 8 is received PC and is given an order, make corresponding respond (Echo Frame) by corresponding industrial computer 8, the process that obtains station data is as follows: after at first step 41 industrial computer 8 is received the PC order, judge whether CANID into this machine by step 42.As not being, then step 43 is not carried out any place, waits for instruction; In this way, then carry out the NodeID that step 44 judges whether that this locality has this order to comprise.As do not have, then operating procedure 45, send the erroneous frame data; If have, then step 46 is carried out corresponding must data the processing, and by step 47 data is replied PC, returns wait then.When data are longer, data can be divided into a plurality of data layouts and send.Command frame and Echo Frame data layout are seen shown in Figure 4, and their carrier is the Frame of CAN communications protocol, and command frame is the single frames data, be 2~3 bytes, the working method of B0 decision control website, B1 is CANID, B2 is NodeID, and maximum 8 bytes of the every frame of Echo Frame, B0 is a command word, and B1 is NodeID, and other is a data message, when data transmission finishes, data message is 00 to respond.
Be illustrated in figure 6 as the process flow diagram of master routine of the host computer procedure of client layer PC, its function is: according to the industrial computer transmission instruction of user's request by data transmission course data analysis layer, ask for data, finish and the communicating by letter and monitoring point information is analyzed, stored and manages of industrial computer, the data that show each fan operation of wind energy turbine set are intuitively monitored the operation conditions of each blower fan.Its function realizes as follows: 2 timers of step 52 program initialization at first, be respectively that 5 seconds are overtime once once overtime with 10 minutes, enter step 53 wait timeout then, carry out cycle criterion subsequently, does step 54 judge whether arrive for 5 seconds? if 5 seconds overtime having arrived, then step 55PC machine sends thick transmission command, step 56 receives the data of thick transmission then, step 57 is shown on the host computer procedure interface, returns step 53.If 5 seconds overtime not arriving, is next operating procedure 58 judged ten minutes overtime arriving not? if ten minutes overtime having arrived, then the PC of step 59 sends complete transmission command, and step 510 receives the data of transmission fully then, step 511 is saved in data in the database, returns step 53.If overtime being less than then directly returned step 53 and continued wait timeout.
Claims (6)
1, based on the electric energy quality real-time monitoring and the evaluating system of CAN bus, it is characterized in that: this system is total to four-layer network network structure by ground floor data collection layer, second layer data analysis layer, the 3rd layer data transport layer and the 4th layer of client layer and forms;
Described data collection layer is made up of a plurality of data acquisition groups, each data acquisition group comprises sensor, terminal board and data collecting card, sensor passes to data collecting card by the line terminal strip after the voltage and current data of monitoring point are converted to normal voltage, described data collecting card inserts in the PCI slot of industrial computer, the control of the accepting data analysis layer line data collection of going forward side by side;
Described data analysis layer is made up of some industrial computers, industrial computer converts to the electric parameter that collects, realize the calculating and the analysis of each power index simultaneously, then power index is delivered to data transfer layer, each power index that calculates is sent to PC by data transfer layer;
Described data transfer layer is made of some CAN adapters and physics netting twine, each the CAN adapter that inserts in the industrial computer PCI slot is connected with the CAN adapter that inserts PC by the physics netting twine, utilize the CAN bus protocol to set up the open type data communication line of a high reliability, realize the exchange of the instruction and data between client layer PC and the industrial computer;
Described client layer is a PC, according to the industrial computer transmission instruction of user's request by data transmission course data analysis layer, ask for related data, finish and the communicating by letter and monitored dot information is analyzed, stored and manages of industrial computer, show the real time data of monitored some operation intuitively, the operation conditions of each monitored point is monitored.
2, electric energy quality real-time monitoring and evaluating system based on the CAN bus according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described industrial computer is delivered to data transfer layer to power index, by data transfer layer each power index that calculates is sent to PC and realizes as follows:
(1) after industrial computer is received the PC order, judges whether CANID into this machine;
(2) as not being, then do not carry out any place, wait for instruction; In this way, then judge whether the NodeID that this locality has this order to comprise;
(3) as not having, then send the erroneous frame data; If have, carry out the corresponding data that get and handle, and data are replied PC, return wait then.
3, electric energy quality real-time monitoring and evaluating system based on the CAN bus according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described industrial computer carries out filtering with a bandpass filter to the voltage signal of gathering earlier after the electric parameter that collects is converted, and carries out the detection of zero crossing and the calculating of fundamental frequency with filtered data sequence then.
4, electric energy quality real-time monitoring and evaluating system based on the CAN bus according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the calculating of the power index of described industrial computer and analysis comprise voltage, current waveform analysis, meritorious and idle analysis, three-phase imbalance analysis and frequency analysis, and frequency analysis is adopted and based on the synchronized FFT algorithm of harmonics analysis of quadravalence Newton interpolating method the harmonic wave of the quality of power supply analyzed.
5, electric energy quality real-time monitoring and evaluating system based on the CAN bus according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described data transfer layer is to adopt two kinds of data transfer modes to the exchange of the instruction and data between client layer PC and the industrial computer, first kind of mode is the thick transmission of data, by the open type data communication line information such as voltage, electric current, frequency, meritorious, idle, power factor, voltage fluctuation, wind direction, wind speed passed to described client layer PC; The second way is for transmission fully, promptly every the regular hour, according to the order of client layer PC, the disposable PC of gathering of passing to of all power indexs.
6, electric energy quality real-time monitoring and evaluating system based on the CAN bus according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described client layer PC is meant with communicating by letter of industrial computer and is provided with two circulations to obtaining data that one is circulation in per 5 seconds, to obtain the power index of each monitoring point; Another is circulation in per 10 minutes, with power index and the frequency analysis result data that obtains each monitoring point.
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