CN101077487A - Fly ash charcoal-removing parallel plate electrostatic separator and friction charged electrostatic field sorting process - Google Patents
Fly ash charcoal-removing parallel plate electrostatic separator and friction charged electrostatic field sorting process Download PDFInfo
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- CN101077487A CN101077487A CN 200710117686 CN200710117686A CN101077487A CN 101077487 A CN101077487 A CN 101077487A CN 200710117686 CN200710117686 CN 200710117686 CN 200710117686 A CN200710117686 A CN 200710117686A CN 101077487 A CN101077487 A CN 101077487A
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Abstract
The present invention belongs to the field of mineral separating technology, and is especially electrostatic parallel plate separator and electrostatic separating process for separating carbon from fly ash. The electrostatic plate separator consists of one feeding device, one electrostatic parallel plate separating chamber and one kind of product collecting device. The dry fly ash material is separated electrostatically in the electrostatic parallel plate separating chamber to form three kinds of separated product, including fly ash, residual carbon grain and intermediate material, and the fly ash and the residual carbon grain are collected separately in the cyclone and bag collector in the product collecting device to obtain the ultimate fly ash product and residual carbon product. The present invention is one dry physical separation process, and has simple technological process, low running cost and no effluent.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the mineral separation technology field, a kind of parallel plate electrostatic separator and friction charged electrostatic field sorting process of fly ash charcoal-removing is provided.
Background technology
The present invention's design is based on the practical technique of engineering of comprehensive utilization of mineral and environmental pollution prevention and control, is to utilize the high-voltage electrostatic field to remove the screening installation and the technological process of uncombusted carbon residue in the flyash.Flyash is subjected to the influence of raw material and combustion conditions as Pulverized Coal Combustion Products, and the original state ash more or less can contain the uncombusted organic matter, i.e. the uncombusted carbon residue.The exceeding standard of unburnt carbon content in the flyash not only brought corresponding environmental problem, and restricted flyash application in a lot of fields.
Whole world year discharging flyash total amount is about more than 500,000,000 tons.And China just surpasses 100,000,000 tons, occupies the second place of the world.With China's economic construction development, the flyash discharge capacity can further increase, and can correspondingly bring more environmental problems.Therefore cost-effective total utilization of PCA becomes an important topic day by day.Yet utilizing a subject matter that runs in the process at Ash Utilization is the unburnt carbon content overproof, and it is restricting flyash application in a lot of fields.As in the construction material and the filling of building the road, the flyash carbon content exceeds standard and understands the water imbibition and the stability of appreciable impact building and packing material, brings remarkable negative effect for effective comprehensive utilization of flyash.Reduce the flyash carbon content so have only, could effectively improve its credit rating, thereby open up wide market for its comprehensive utilization.
The method that reduces the flyash carbon content in the world today mainly contains two kinds: one. and reduce carbon content before the ash discharge, promptly carry out boiler improvement to improve coal dust firing efficient; Two. high concrete carbon fly ash is adopted certain technology and method, and wherein unburnt carbon is removed a part.Main practical technique has: and firing method, electrical concentration, floatation and centrifugation etc. (He Xinlu. the experimental study of separation of carbon residue from PCA. total utilization of PCA, 1999,03 (5): 15～18).Wherein use the most general with the floatation of wet split and the electrical concentration of dry separation.
The high concrete carbon fly ash floatation process forms from one section floatation process development of coal at present.As the former grey carbon content average out to about 35% of dynamics factory of Baiyin company.Through carbon content after the flotation drop to below 5% (Shao Jingbang, the king ancestral is slow. reduce the approach of flyash carbon content. Chinese coal, 1998,24. (10): 17-19.).But, show as strong natural hydrophobicity because of there is the absorption of organic oil compounds on fresh coal grain surface; And flyash is that burning produces under up to the temperature more than 1500 ℃, and its natural hydrophobicity is poor.Therefore carbon granule is different from without the coal that burns in the flyash.Again because one section floatation process in have each the factor phase mutual interference of wide rank pan feeding, under same operating condition and regime of agent, can not reach and distribute rationally.So this flyash floatation process based on the coal floatation process has and takes off the charcoal separation shortcoming that index is undesirable, the efficiency of separation is on the low side.Flyash activity after wet-treating descends in addition, and can increase product dehydration, drying cost.And the product after the dry-type separation method sortings such as employing electric separation need not filtration drying, and the product activity is good.Along with technological progress, dry method electrodeposition dirt is occupied an leading position, power plant more and more trends towards adopting the dry-type separation method to handle charcoal (Jiao Youzhou in the flyash, Zhang Quanguo, Zhang Xiangfeng etc. flyash electrical characteristics and friction high-pressure electrostatic decarbonization engineering test research. He'nan Normal University's journal (natural science edition), 2004,32 (3): 36～40).
The dry process of thermal power plant's flyash has two kinds of pneumatic concentration and electrical concentrations.Wherein pneumatic concentration is mainly used to improve the fineness of flyash based on air classification and centrifugal classification, but seems powerless for wherein charcoal; The electric separation rule is utilized soot particle and the carbon granule difference on electrical property and the effect of electric separation decarburization machine centrifugal field, improves the fineness (Gong Wenyong of flyash when taking off charcoal; Open China. electric separation fly ash charcoal-removing Study on Technology. flyash, 2005, (3): 33～36).
Before this, electric separation is used for the separation of boiler fly ash charcoal, ash, and people have carried out extensive studies, have also obtained a collection of gratifying result, but does not appear in the newspapers as yet for the research and the application of flyash friction charged electrostatic field sorting.
This parallel plate electrostatic separator and friction charged electrostatic field sorting process flow process are good especially to the such fine particles stage material separating effect of high concrete carbon fly ash, have taken into account sharpness of separation and productive rate, are a kind of electrostatic field screening installation and technology that has reached international most advanced level.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of parallel plate electrostatic separator and friction charged electrostatic field sorting process of fly ash charcoal-removing, solve carbon residue content in the flyash the exceed standard corresponding environmental problem brought and the problem of total utilization of PCA, proposed the device and the process of a kind of low cost, technology is simple, efficient is high flyash electric separation carbon removal.
The structure diagram of parallel plate electrostatic separator of the present invention as shown in Figure 1, this parallel plate electrostatic separator is made up of guide 2, high-pressure electrostatic separation chamber 6 and product compartment 7 three parts.Guide 2 is the seamless steel pipe that inserts from the electrostatic separator upper end, and arc welding is fixed; The cross section of high-pressure electrostatic separation chamber is a rectangle, and wall is made of metallic plate 3 and metallic plate 4 before and after it, and wherein, metallic plate 3 connects negative high-voltage generator, metallic plate 4 ground connection, and the energising back produces the even gradient electric field of high pressure between two metallic plates; Product compartment 7 is in the below of whole parallel plate electrostatic separator, is connected with high-pressure electrostatic separation chamber 6 by ring flange 12.Longitudinal direction in the product compartment is equipped with two separates dividing plate 8, and the top (ring flange is with top) of separating dividing plate 8 is active clapboard, by changing its angle of inclination, can adjust spacer gap h1 and h2, thereby control the productive rate and the grade of each product.Between two metallic plates, produce the even gradient electric field of high pressure; With producing material layering under the effect of high voltage electric field therein of the material particles of positive and negative different electric charges; Material bed failing to be convened for lack of a quorum enters in the product compartment with carrier gas, is separated dividing plate and separates and form the concentrate and tailings materials flow in compartment.
Electrostatic separation technology of the present invention is made of feeding system, parallel plate electrostatic piece-rate system, product gathering system three parts.The core separator is a parallel plate electrostatic separator, and cooperates corresponding feed and product collecting device, forms a complete friction charged electrostatic field sorting process system, removes the uncombusted carbon granule in the flyash.This sorting technology is dry method physical separation process, need not ore pulp and prepares, and emits no waste water, and also need not dewatering filtering device.Therefore for wet split technologies such as FLOTATION SEPARATION, technology is simple, and operating cost is cheap.
Feeding system is mainly by electro-vibrating feeder, and cooperation pneumatic transfer pipeline, forms flyash dry material feeding system; Dry material obtains burned-coal fly ash, char particle and three kinds of products of separated of intermediate material after the parallel plate electrostatic separator sorting; The capture of the product gathering-device that burned-coal fly ash product and char particle product are formed by cyclone and cloth bag gatherer obtains final flyash product and carbon residue product respectively.Intermediate products then return parallel plate electrostatic separator and select.
Flyash carbon residue friction charged electrostatic field sorting process process description:
In conjunction with the accompanying drawings 2, the course of work of this flyash carbon residue friction charged electrostatic field sorting process is described below:
Powdered coal ash is the flyash of coal-fired station, and the particle maximum particle size is no more than 2.0mm, and carbon residue content is between 5%～40%.At first, flyash dry ash pan feeding 13 feeds in the feed hopper 14, and the buffer time of feed hopper 14 is 1～5 minute; With after electro-vibrating feeder 15 is delivered to pneumatic transfer device hopper 16, form pneumatic transfer device pan feeding 17, the buffer time of pneumatic transfer device hopper 17 is 1～5 minute; The purpose that feed hopper 14 and hopper 16 are set is continuity and the stability that guarantees production.The flyash material is in the course of conveying of electro-vibrating feeder, with the teflon material friction of conveyer liner, and by charged.Wherein the carbonaceous component is positively charged, and inorganic component is electronegative; The carrier gas of pneumatic transfer device is provided by air blast 18, behind the carrier gas 19 input pneumatic transfer devices 20, carries and accepts the bucket pan feeding, forms electrostatic separator pan feeding 1 in the lump with intermediate products underflow 29.Concentration of electrostatic separator pan feeding 1 (gas-solid ratio) and flow are by the collaborative decision of the blow rate required of electro-vibrating feeder 15 vibration frequencies and air blast 18.The concentration range of electrostatic separator pan feeding 1 is 12～27wt.%, and flow-control is at 1120～1860Nm
3Between/the h.The treating capacity of whole separation system is 3000～5500kg/hr.
After being blown into electrostatic separator 23 with the electrostatic separator pan feeding 1 of different electric charges, charged electrostatic separator pan feeding 1 is after guide 2 is blown into parallel plate electrostatic separation chamber 6, with the material particles of positive and negative different electric charges therein high voltage electric field in be subjected to the Coulomb force of different directions, wherein, positively charged char particle is attracted to the negative plate direction, forms the material laminar flow that is rich in the carbonaceous particle; And electronegative fly ash granule is attracted to opposite direction, forms the material laminar flow that is rich in fly ash granule; The layering material flow can enter in the product compartment 7 with carrier gas, is separated dividing plate 8 and separates in compartment; Adjust the gap h1 and the h2 of two separation dividing plates, can control the productive rate and the grade of flyash materials flow 9, intermediate stream 10 and carbon residue materials flow 11.By the wherein sorting of high-voltage electrostatic field, form flyash Dual-Phrase Distribution of Gas olid, carbon residue Dual-Phrase Distribution of Gas olid and intermediate products Dual-Phrase Distribution of Gas olid.
The product gathering-device is made of cyclone 25 and cloth bag gatherer 26; Carbon residue Dual-Phrase Distribution of Gas olid 11, flyash Dual-Phrase Distribution of Gas olid 9 and intermediate material Dual-Phrase Distribution of Gas olid 10 by electrostatic separator 23 sortings obtain after 24 pressurizations of cyclone pan feeding air blast, feed cyclone 25; By the inspissation of cyclone, the underflow product of generation (granularity is 10～500 μ m) carries out gas solid separation by cloth bag gatherer 26, last solid-state flyash product 27 and carbon residue product 28; Cloth bag gatherer 26 designs for the double loop, and promptly one the tunnel carries out gas solid separation, one tunnel discharging, and two courses of work hocket, to guarantee the continuity of entire product collection process; 29 of the underflows of intermediate products directly are back to electrostatic separator pan feeding 1 intermediate material are selected again without cloth bag gatherer gas solid separation; 30 of each cyclone overflows directly are back to air blast 6 inlets, form air blast and become a mandarin 22, and overflow granularity is controlled at 0.0125～10 μ m, control by the insertion depth of adjustment cyclone overflow pipe and the air quantity of cyclone pan feeding air blast 24 in the operation.
Advantage of the present invention or good effect:
Use parallel plate electrostatic separator and supporting friction charged electrostatic field sorting process and come not fire in the separation of fine coal ash clean carbon residue.Separation results shows that parallel plate electrostatic separator and friction charged electrostatic field sorting process can effectively remove carbon residue in the flyash.This parallel plate electrostatic separator not only small investment, power consumption is little, and maintenance capacity is little, and operating cost is low; For wet split technologies such as FLOTATION SEPARATION, the technological process of this dry method physical separation is obviously simplified, and need not ore pulp preparation and medicament and adds, and emits no waste water, and also need not dewatering filtering device.Therefore surrounding environment is safe from harm basically.Its technology cost all is better than technological processes such as FLOTATION SEPARATION.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a parallel plate electrostatic separator of the present invention.Wherein, electrostatic separation chamber pan feeding 1, guide 2, high voltage negative plate 3, earth plate 4, negative high-voltage generator 5, parallel plate electrostatic separation chamber 6, product compartment 7, the distance h 1 of separating dividing plate 8, flyash materials flow 9, intermediate stream 10, carbon residue materials flow 11, ring flange 12, guide insertion depth h, dividing plate and high voltage negative plate, the distance h 2 between two separation dividing plates.
Fig. 2 is a friction charged electrostatic field sorting process flow process of the present invention.Wherein, the comprehensive pan feeding 1 of electrostatic separator, the former grey pan feeding 13 of flyash, feed hopper 14, electro-vibrating feeder 15, hopper 16, pneumatic transfer device pan feeding 17, pneumatic transfer device air blast 18, carrier gas 19, pneumatic transfer device 20, electrostatic separator pan feeding 21, electrostatic separator overflow pan feeding 22, parallel plate electrostatic separator 23, cyclone pan feeding air blast 24, cyclone 25, cloth bag gatherer 6, flyash product 27, carbon residue product 28, intermediate products 29, cyclone overflow 30.
The capacity of feed hopper and hopper is 1～5 minute a treating capacity of whole electrostatic sorting machine.The length of the charged coating of teflon on the electro-vibrating feeder is 100cm.The cloth bag gatherer designs for the double loop, and promptly one the tunnel carries out gas solid separation, one tunnel discharging, two courses of work hocket, its model in application according to the disposal ability and the filter pressure type selecting of reality.The insertion depth of each product cyclone overflow pipe can adjust.Pneumatic transfer device air blast and each cyclone pan feeding air blast are universal fluid machinery, and its type selecting can be selected by the flow and the voltage rise of reality.
The specific embodiment
Here the invention will be further described by embodiment, selects two kinds of former ashes of flyash of coal-burning power plant, Shaanxi, is characterized in loss on ignition index higher (8%～25%), chemical composition such as table 1.Friction charged electrostatic field sorting process carries out sorting shown in the employing accompanying drawing.
The chemical composition and the loss on ignition of the used two kinds of flyash of table 1
| SiO 2 | Fe 2O 3 | Al 2O 3 | CaO | MgO | SO 3 | Loss on ignition | |
| Flyash 1 | 48.08 | 4.69 | 39.22 | 2.59 | 1.14 | 0.55 | 9.17 |
| Flyash 2 | 46.92 | 5.24 | 39.37 | 2.71 | 0.76 | 0.27 | 16.03 |
Operating process and condition
Employed parallel plate electrostatic separator guide internal diameter is 80mm, and insertion depth h is 125mm.At first connect 2.1kV negative high-voltage generator power supply, making the electrostatic separation chamber produce field intensity is the high voltage electric field of 200kV/m.And start each product air blast, make the electrostatic separator system enter duty.Then start feeding system: open the carrier gas air blast of pneumatic transfer device earlier, to the air blast of pneumatic transfer device.Deng the air blast blast stable after, restart electro-vibrating feeder, the raw meal coal ash derives from electrostatic precipitator in coal-fired power plant, need not pass through any processing, directly feeds in the feed hopper.Adjust the vibration frequency of air blast air quantity and electro-vibrating feeder, keeping electrostatic separator pan feeding concentration is 21wt.%, and flow is 1510Nm
3/ h.The treating capacity of whole separation system is 4630～5120kg/hr.
Under the effect of electrostatic separator high voltage electric field, material produces stratified flow, and enters compartment with carrier gas, being separated dividing plate in compartment separates, according to flyash and carbon residue product yield and grade requirement, adjust two gaps of separating dividing plate, with the requirement that touches the mark.By the inspissation of cyclone, the underflow product of generation carries out gas solid separation by the cloth bag gatherer, obtains solid-state flyash product and carbon residue product.
At two kinds of former ashes of flyash of coal-burning power plant, Shaanxi, the concrete sorting condition and the operating parameter of this friction charged electrostatic field sorting process are as shown in table 2.
Table 2 electrostatic sorting machine is at the concrete sorting condition and the operating parameter of two kinds of flyash
| Electrostatic separator pan feeding flow Nm3/h | Electrostatic separator pan feeding concentration wt.% | Charged material | Negative high-voltage generator voltage kV | High voltage electric field field intensity kV/m | Separate clapboard spacing h1cm | Separate clapboard spacing h2cm | Separation system treating capacity kg/hr | |
| Flyash 1 | 1510 | 21 | Teflon | 2.1 | 200 | 11.7 | 5.6 | 5120 |
| Flyash 2 | 1510 | 19 | Teflon | 2.1 | 200 | 12.9 | 4.7 | 4630 |
Separation results
This friction charged electrostatic field sorting process system carries out electrostatic separation to flyash 1 and flyash 2 under aforesaid operations parameter condition, the gained separation index is shown in table 3 and table 4.
Table 3 friction charged electrostatic field separation system is to the separation index (productive rate, the grey rate of recovery, moisture, ash content and loss on ignition) of flyash 1
| Raw material and product | Productive rate | The ash rate of recovery | Moisture | Ash content | Loss on ignition |
| Pan feeding original state ash | 100 | 100 | 0.94 | 90.83 | 9.17 |
| The flyash product | 61.7 | 64.63 | 0.59 | 95.66 | 4.34 |
| The carbon residue product | 34.83 | 32.56 | 1.17 | 85.37 | 14.63 |
Table 4 friction charged electrostatic field separation system is to the separation index (productive rate, the grey rate of recovery, moisture, ash content and loss on ignition) of flyash 2
| Raw material and product | Productive rate | The ash rate of recovery | Moisture | Ash content | Loss on ignition |
| Pan feeding original state ash | 100 | 100 | 0.81 | 83.97 | 16.03 |
| The flyash product | 55.78 | 57.82 | 0.66 | 94.59 | 5.41 |
| The carbon residue product | 42.49 | 36.93 | 1.23 | 79.41 | 20.59 |
As seen the loss on ignition of flyash 1 and flyash 2 has dropped to 4.34% and 5.41% from 9.17% and 16.03% respectively, reaches I level ash and the II level ash standard of GB GB 1596-9 respectively, has also reached the grey standard of C level of U.S. ASTM C-6181.It is remarkable to the control action of the carbon residue rate of recovery wherein to separate spacer gap.Separation results shows, friction charged electrostatic field sorting process can effectively remove carbon residue in the flyash, for wet split technologies such as FLOTATION SEPARATION, this technological process takes off that charcoal separates index and the efficiency of separation is all more satisfactory, need not ore pulp preparation and medicament adds, emit no waste water, also need not dewatering filtering device.Therefore small investment not only, and operating cost is low, and surrounding environment is safe from harm basically.Its technology cost all is better than technological processes such as FLOTATION SEPARATION.
Claims (5)
1, a kind of parallel plate electrostatic separator of fly ash charcoal-removing is made up of guide, high-pressure electrostatic separation chamber, product compartment (7) three parts; It is characterized in that wall is made of two parallel metal sheets with different electric charges before and after the high-pressure electrostatic separation chamber, wherein, metallic plate (3) connects negative high-voltage generator, and metallic plate (4) ground connection produces the even gradient electric field of high pressure between these two metallic plates; Product compartment (7) is in the below of whole parallel plate electrostatic separator, is connected with high-pressure electrostatic separation chamber (6) by ring flange (12); Longitudinal direction in the product compartment is equipped with two separates dividing plate (8), and the top of separating dividing plate (8) is active clapboard, by changing its angle of inclination, adjusts spacer gap h1 and h2, controls the productive rate and the grade of each product.
2, the described separator of a kind of use claim 1 carries out friction charged electrostatic field sorting process, it is characterized in that, is made of feeding system, parallel plate electrostatic piece-rate system, product gathering system three parts; Powdered coal ash is the flyash of coal-fired station, and at first, flyash dry ash pan feeding (13) feeds in the feed hopper (14), and the buffer time of feed hopper (14) is 1～5 minute; With after electro-vibrating feeder (15) is delivered to pneumatic transfer device hopper (16), form pneumatic transfer device pan feeding (17), be 1～5 minute between the buffer time of pneumatic transfer device hopper (16); The flyash material with the teflon material friction of conveyer liner, and is with electric charge in the course of conveying of electro-vibrating feeder; Wherein, the carbonaceous component is positively charged, and inorganic component is electronegative; The carrier gas of pneumatic transfer device is provided by air blast (18), behind carrier gas (19) the input pneumatic transfer device (20), carries acceptance and struggles against pan feeding and form electrostatic separator pan feeding (21); The gas-solid ratio concentration of electrostatic separator pan feeding (21) and flow are by the collaborative decision of the blow rate required of electro-vibrating feeder (15) vibration frequency and air blast (18); After being blown into electrostatic separator (23) with the comprehensive pan feeding of the electrostatic separator of different electric charges (1), at first after guide (2) is blown into parallel plate electrostatic separation chamber (6), with the material particles of positive and negative different electric charges therein high voltage electric field in be subjected to the Coulomb force of different directions, wherein, positively charged char particle is attracted to the negative plate direction, forms the material laminar flow that is rich in the carbonaceous particle; And electronegative fly ash granule is attracted to opposite direction, forms the material laminar flow that is rich in fly ash granule; The layering material flow can enter in the product compartment (7) with carrier gas, is separated dividing plate (8) and separates in compartment; By adjusting gap h1 and the h2 that separates dividing plate, the productive rate and the grade of control flyash Dual-Phrase Distribution of Gas olid (9), the Dual-Phrase Distribution of Gas olid (10) of middle material and carbon residue Dual-Phrase Distribution of Gas olid (11).
3, in accordance with the method for claim 2, it is characterized in that feeding system is by electro-vibrating feeder, and cooperation pneumatic transfer pipeline, forms flyash dry material feeding system; Dry material obtains burned-coal fly ash, char particle and three kinds of products of separated of intermediate material after the parallel plate electrostatic separator sorting; The capture of the product gathering-device that burned-coal fly ash product and char particle product are formed by cyclone and cloth bag gatherer obtains final flyash product and carbon residue product respectively; Intermediate products then return the parallel plate electrostatic separation chamber and select.
4, in accordance with the method for claim 2, it is characterized in that the product gathering-device is made of cyclone (25) and cloth bag gatherer (26); Carbon residue, flyash and intermediate material Dual-Phrase Distribution of Gas olid by electrostatic separator (23) sorting obtains after cyclone pan feeding air blast (24) pressurization, feed cyclone (25); By the inspissation of cyclone, the generation granularity is that the underflow product of 10～500 μ m carries out gas solid separation by cloth bag gatherer (26), last solid-state flyash product (27) and carbon residue product (28); Cloth bag gatherer (26) designs for the double loop, and one the tunnel carries out gas solid separation, one tunnel discharging, and two courses of work hocket, to guarantee the continuity of entire product collection process; The underflow of intermediate products (29) directly is back to electrostatic separator pan feeding (1) intermediate material is selected again then without cloth bag gatherer gas solid separation; Each cyclone overflow (30) then directly is back to air blast (18), form air blast become a mandarin (22), overflow granularity is controlled at 0.0125～10 μ m, controls by the insertion depth of adjustment cyclone overflow pipe and the air quantity of cyclone pan feeding air blast (24) in the operation.
5, in accordance with the method for claim 2, it is characterized in that the particle maximum particle size of described flyash is no more than 2.0mm, carbon residue content is between 5%～40%; The concentration range of described electrostatic separator pan feeding (1) is 12～27wt.%, and flow-control is at 1120～1860Nm
3Between/the h.The treating capacity of whole separation system is 3000～5500kg/hr.
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| CN114130553B (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2024-03-29 | 中国石油化工集团有限公司 | Fly ash preparation system and preparation process |
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