CN101076694A - Indoor air pressure management - Google Patents
Indoor air pressure management Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101076694A CN101076694A CNA2005800254346A CN200580025434A CN101076694A CN 101076694 A CN101076694 A CN 101076694A CN A2005800254346 A CNA2005800254346 A CN A2005800254346A CN 200580025434 A CN200580025434 A CN 200580025434A CN 101076694 A CN101076694 A CN 101076694A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- vertical shaft
- temperature
- air
- building
- elevator
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B11/00—Main component parts of lifts in, or associated with, buildings or other structures
- B66B11/0005—Constructional features of hoistways
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/0001—Control or safety arrangements for ventilation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
- F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
- F24F2110/10—Temperature
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
- F24F2110/10—Temperature
- F24F2110/12—Temperature of the outside air
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
- F24F2110/40—Pressure, e.g. wind pressure
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Lift-Guide Devices, And Elevator Ropes And Cables (AREA)
- Ventilation (AREA)
Abstract
A strategy for minimizing or avoiding the so-called stack effect within buildings (20) includes controlling the temperature within a vertically extending shaft (40) such as an elevator hoistway or stairwell. Controlling the air pressure at each of a plurality of levels (A, B, C, D) within the useable or occupied space of a building (20) allows for controlling a pressure differential between the useable or occupied space and an interior of the shaft (40). Maintaining appropriate pressure differential levels allows for minimizing or avoiding the stack effect that otherwise results in undesirably large drafts between the building interior and the outside, surrounding environment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates generally to control the air pressure in the building.More specifically, thereby the air pressure that the present invention relates to control in the building is avoided pressure differential, and this pressure differential will cause undesirable air-flow to produce between building interior and exterior circumferential environment.
Background technology
As a rule, airflow management in the building and pneumatic tube reason all be expectation and be essential.Various building structure all need be controlled air-flow between the space of building interior and building external, for example, and the passage (as the doorway) that enters building for avoiding undesirable big air communication to cross.In some cases, the inside and outside temperature difference and the building structure of building will cause pressure differential between building interior and external environment condition, thereby will produce undesirable big air-flow even fitful wind between building interior and exterior circumferential environment.This air-flow has undesirably changed the passage of building interior thermic load and possibility interfere with comfortable, for example passes through the doorway.
Example of undesirable air-flow by the passage between building and the perimeter may occur in the skyscraper with a high vertical shaft such as elevator or stairwell.This vertical shaft will produce so-called stack effect when there is temperature difference in indoor and outdoor.When the passage that path is provided for building was opened, this stack effect can cause big air draught by these passages (as the doorway).Pressure differential between building interior and the external environment condition and stack effect have caused the generation of these air-flows.
For example, the outer colder interior warm air of air ratio building of building in winter weighs.The external pressure of building low layer is higher than air pressure inside.On the upper strata of skyscraper, in most cases external pressure is lower than air pressure inside.Therefore, when opening (as the doorway place that enters the hall), trend towards invading in the building at the air of low layer in building.These air trend towards flowing to the top of building.Owing to air-flow trends towards the shortest path of flowing through, the outdoor air that therefore enters in the building trends towards along vertically vertical shaft such as elevator or stairwell rise to building top.
Among the open No.07-330247 of disclosed Japan Patent in December nineteen ninety-five an exemplary patent has been described, this patent shows a kind of layout that reduces stack effect.Thereby proposing to utilize swabbing action to introduce outdoor air, this piece document in elevator, increases cold air.This its limitation that is furnished with.
Solving a kind of typical method of building undesirable air-flow between interior and the ambient, external environment is to attempt building is closed in external environment condition.Passage between sealing building interior and the external environment condition can be realized by revolving door usually.This method has many weakness and defective.For example, trend towards limiting at any given time can be by the number on doorway for revolving door.For increasing possible traffic flow, must introduce large-scale revolving door with bigger motor.This method is unsatisfactory, is because large-scale plant has brought extra-pay and needed additional space.
Another defective that revolving door brought be want by can move voluntarily the door the individual be easy to produce to pass through the anxiety of the time of this passage according to the motion of door.In many cases, in case the individual enter revolving door near, they must not slowly move or stop, otherwise a mobile door-plate that may be rotated bumps against.
Therefore, need a kind of improved layout, it can make the generation of stack effect minimize, thereby improves the airflow management in the building.In addition, useful is not use revolving door at the block entrance place.The present invention is devoted to solve the demand when avoiding weakness discussed above and defective.
Summary of the invention
A kind of exemplary disclosed method at building inner control air-flow comprises the vertical shaft control air-flow by the approximate vertical of building.Outdoor temperature by keeping temperature in the vertical shaft and building external is identical and control the air pressure of each layer of building based on temperature in the vertical shaft, and disclosed method can make so-called stack effect minimize.
In an example, be adjusted to air pressure in the small part floor in response to the pressure differential between pressure in the vertical shaft and the occupied space, described pressure differential has exceeded selected scope.An example is included in each floor and independently controls air pressure.Another example comprises several floor groupings formation zone and controls the interior air pressure in each zone.
Building disclosed herein comprises many floors.At least one vertical shaft as stairwell or elevator, generally perpendicularly extends and for providing path to the small part floor in a plurality of floors in building.Outer outdoor temperature is consistent thereby the temperature in the temperature control equipment that links with the vertical shaft control vertical shaft makes temperature and building in the vertical shaft.
In an example, temperature control equipment is included near the opening that is provided with in opposite end of vertical shaft to allow the air current flow between vertical shaft and the building external.
In an example, pressure control device control vertical shaft for its air pressure that each layer in a plurality of floors of path is provided with the pressure differential between control vertical shaft and the occupied space in building.By at these floors control air pressure, thereby the pressure differential between vertical shaft and the bottom is controlled in such a way the minimized mode of so-called stack effect is controlled.
To become apparent those skilled in the art in conjunction with following detailed description various feature and advantage of the present invention.The accompanying drawing of describing in detail can be briefly described below.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 schematically shows an exemplary building.
Fig. 2 schematically shows the control assembly of selecting in the exemplary embodiment.
The specific embodiment
Fig. 1 schematically shows the building 20 that comprises a plurality of floor A, B, C, D...YY and ZZ.Exemplary building 20 is skyscrapers.
At least one vertically extending vertical shaft 40 is for providing path to the small part floor in building.In an example, vertical shaft 40 is elevators.In another example, vertical shaft 40 is stairwells.
In this illustrated embodiment, temperature control equipment and vertical shaft 40 link.In this example, temperature control equipment comprises opening 42 and 44, and described opening allows vertical shaft 40 inner and build between 20 the external environment condition air communication mistake is arranged.In this example, thus the opposite end of opening 42 and 44 contiguous vertical shafts is provided with to produce along the flow channel of vertical shaft and makes the outdoor air vertical shaft of flowing through.Allow the outdoor air vertical shaft of flowing through to make in the vertical shaft temperature consistent with outdoor temperature.In some cases, temperature will be about equally in outdoor temperature and the vertical shaft.
Fig. 2 schematically shows the control device of selecting for use in the illustrative examples.In this this example, be provided with the temperature that temperature sensor 50 is used to refer at least a portion of vertical shaft 40 in the vertical shaft 40.According to the length of vertical shaft, can adopt a plurality of temperature sensors to be distributed on the short transverse of vertical shaft.A plurality of temperature sensors also allow to regulate along issuable temperature contrast on the vertical shaft length direction.
In an example, the air-flow direction in the vertical shaft 40 is controlled based on outdoor temperature.Be directed into top along vertical shaft from the bottom at (for example outdoor temperature is lower than temperature in the building) air of cold relatively date.This can realize by adopting the one or more air propellers 54 that link with one or more openings 42,44 or be positioned to obtain pass this air-flow of vertical shaft 40.Be directed into the bottom of vertical shaft 40 from the top at air of warm relatively date (for example outdoor temperature is higher than temperature in the building).This can produce the air-flow along vertical shaft of required direction by adopting at least one air propeller 54 in an example.
Guaranteed that along the air of vertical shaft is mobile outdoor air in the vertical shaft moves and can not enter into available or occupied space in the building on demand based on the outdoor temperature guiding.
By keeping temperature in the vertical shaft 40 and building coordination between the 20 outer temperature, vertical shaft and the outer pressure differential of building reach minimum.This helps making so-called stack effect to minimize.Example shown in Fig. 2 also comprises a kind of pressure that is used to manage different floors in the building 20 so that the layout of the pressure differential minimum between vertical shaft 40 and every layer of available or occupied space.
In an example, the temperature of any stairwell is all controlled so that its temperature control with elevator is consistent.This example makes the temperature treatment of all vertical shafts 40 in the building harmonious to avoid the pressure rising at place, stairwell doorway, and this just may take place when only controlling the temperature of elevator.
Consider the example of Fig. 2, controller 60 control air pressure in the exemplary floor YY of building 20 is used for further strengthening air-flow control.In this example, controller 60 control air propellers 62, the air propeller that links with known HVAC system for example, thus increase or reduce the air pressure that the throughput that enters floor YY increases or reduce interior this layer of building.In illustrated example, controller 60 carries out suitable pressure adjustment from the information that temperature sensor 50 receives the temperature in the relevant vertical shaft 40 with the floor to building.The interior pressure of temperature in the vertical shaft 40 and vertical shaft is relevant in a generally known manner.Controller 60 utilizes these information to keep the air pressure in available or occupied space among the architecture storey YY to obtain desired differential pressure at architecture storey and 40 in vertical shaft.
In the example of Fig. 2, architecture storey YY can with or the appropriate location in occupied space be provided with pressure sensor 64, controller 60 just can carry out suitable air pressure adjustment to obtain desired differential pressure in available or occupied space and 40 in vertical shaft like this.In an example, some pressure differentials will be conditioned.In another example, controller 60 is programmed to keep the air pressure in the architecture storey, and it is poor just not have efficient pressure like this between the appropriate section of the available or occupied space of this layer and vertical shaft 40.
The air pressure of control in the floor with control vertical shaft 40 inner and every layer in pressure differential between the available or occupied space can suppress the generation of so-called stack effect to greatest extent because do not trend towards facilitating the pressure differential that enters the remarkable air-flow in spaces in the vertical shaft 40.This just makes does not need sealing at the block entrance place, and for example, this sealing normally adopts revolving door to obtain.By the pressure in the control building effectively and control temperature in the vertical shaft 40, controlled pressure just can make so-called stack effect minimize or avoid thus.
In an example, controller 60 is used to the air pressure based on interior every layer of each independent stratum control building.In another example, set up built floor and is used as an individual region and controls more.Control every layer or many group floors are controlled allow the different pressures level under the different relative altitudes in the management building in a plurality of zones independently, to adapt to along vertical shaft 40 length or the variation that is highly produced and corresponding to the absolute altitude of different architecture storeys atmospheric pressure difference in outdoor generation.According to foregoing description, those skilled in the art can select independently floor control or Region control to satisfy the needs of their specific position best.
For in building, obtaining desired differential pressure between available or occupied space and the vertically extending vertical shaft, can adopt known outside air temperature and the relation between the air pressure and known air pressure to control skill to obtain building the air pressure of interior different floors.Those skilled in the art can select for use these known skills to satisfy the needs of their specific position.
The description of front only is restriction exemplary but not in essence.Do not depart from essence of the present invention and these open examples are changed or revise apparent to those skilled in the art.The legal protection domain of the present invention can only be determined by following claim.
Claims (20)
1, a kind of elevator comprises:
Elevator cage can be along its vertical shaft that moves; With
The temperature control equipment that links with vertical shaft, thereby being used to control temperature in the vertical shaft, it make in the vertical shaft near the outdoor temperature the temperature and vertical shaft consistent, temperature control equipment in outdoor temperature is lower than vertical shaft during temperature along air-flow in the first direction guiding vertical shaft, and in outdoor temperature is higher than vertical shaft during temperature along second, air-flow in the opposite direction guiding vertical shaft.
2, elevator as claimed in claim 1, wherein temperature control equipment comprises near the opening that at least one each opposite end that is positioned at vertical shaft is, between near the external environment condition each opening permission vertical shaft and the vertical shaft air communication mistake is arranged.
3, elevator as claimed in claim 2 comprises the temperature sensor that at least one indicates the temperature of at least a portion in vertical shaft.
4, elevator as claimed in claim 3, comprise air propeller, optionally change throughput between vertical shaft and the external environment condition in response to the indication of this this temperature sensor, described indication is temperature and outdoor temperature inconsistent indication in selected scope in the vertical shaft.
5, elevator as claimed in claim 2, its split shed established one pass the gas channel of vertical shaft so that outdoor air is flowed through vertical shaft.
6, elevator as claimed in claim 1, wherein temperature control equipment is kept the interior temperature of vertical shaft and is substantially equal to outdoor temperature.
7, a kind of method of controlling air-flow vertical shaft by approximate vertical in having the building of a plurality of floors comprises the steps:
It is consistent with the outdoor temperature of building external to regulate the interior temperature of vertical shaft; With
Air pressure based on one deck at least of temperature control building in the vertical shaft.
8, method as claimed in claim 7 is included in and regulates air pressure in one deck at least to keep pressure differential between vertical shaft and this layer in selected scope.
9, method as claimed in claim 7 is included in the independent air pressure of controlling each layer in a plurality of floors.
10, method as claimed in claim 7 comprises being combined in two-layer at least in a plurality of floors in the zone and controlling air pressure in this zone.
11, method as claimed in claim 7, the air pressure that comprises each layer in the control multilayer is to obtain desired differential pressure between vertical shaft and each layer.
12, method as claimed in claim 7, being included at least increases throughput to increase the air pressure of one deck at least in one deck.
13, method as claimed in claim 7, wherein vertical shaft comprises in stairwell or the elevator one.
14, method as claimed in claim 7, be included in outdoor temperature when being lower than in the vertical shaft temperature along air-flow in the first direction guiding vertical shaft, and in outdoor temperature is higher than vertical shaft during temperature along second, air-flow in the opposite direction guiding vertical shaft.
15, method as claimed in claim 7, wherein this building comprises that the vertical shaft of a plurality of approximate vertical and this method comprise the temperature unanimity that makes in these vertical shafts.
16, a kind of building comprises:
A plurality of floors;
At least one provides the elevator vertical shaft of path to the small part floor for arriving in a plurality of floors;
At least one provides the stairwell vertical shaft of path to the small part floor for arriving in a plurality of floors; With
Thereby the temperature control equipment that links with each vertical shaft makes in each vertical shaft the outdoor temperature of temperature and building external harmonious to control temperature in each vertical shaft.
17, building as claimed in claim 16 comprises the pressure by air pressure control device of each layer to the small part floor of a plurality of floors of control.
18, building as claimed in claim 17, wherein this pressure control device air pressure of keeping each layer is with at the air pressure of this layer with obtain desired differential pressure between the air pressure in the elevator vertical shaft at least.
19, building as claimed in claim 16, wherein temperature control equipment guides air-flow in the elevator vertical shaft at least along first direction during temperature in outdoor temperature is lower than the elevator vertical shaft, and in outdoor temperature is higher than the elevator vertical shaft during temperature along second, opposite direction guides the air-flow in the elevator vertical shaft at least.
20, building as claimed in claim 19, wherein temperature control equipment also in the stairwell vertical shaft along the first and second direction steering currents.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US59272504P | 2004-07-30 | 2004-07-30 | |
| US60/592,725 | 2004-07-30 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101076694A true CN101076694A (en) | 2007-11-21 |
| CN100538192C CN100538192C (en) | 2009-09-09 |
Family
ID=35967821
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2005800254346A Expired - Fee Related CN100538192C (en) | 2004-07-30 | 2005-03-01 | Indoor air pressure management |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20080274684A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2008508163A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN100538192C (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2006022844A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106989470A (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2017-07-28 | 江南嘉捷电梯股份有限公司 | A kind of elevator hoistways ventilation regulator |
| CN112744656A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-05-04 | 日立电梯（中国）有限公司 | Control method and control system for elevator pressure relief device under chimney effect |
| CN112944519A (en) * | 2021-03-15 | 2021-06-11 | 中信和业投资有限公司 | System for effectively controlling chimney effect of elevator shaft of super high-rise building |
| CN115264703A (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2022-11-01 | 中国建筑设计研究院有限公司 | Natural ventilation method and system for building vertical shaft by utilizing hot pressing |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101668993A (en) * | 2007-03-22 | 2010-03-10 | 开利公司 | Alleviating of stack effect |
| JP5225286B2 (en) * | 2007-11-09 | 2013-07-03 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Elevator pressure control device |
| KR100992186B1 (en) * | 2008-07-01 | 2010-11-04 | 삼성물산 주식회사 | Interior zone pressurization method and system to reduce the stack effect problems |
| PL218095B6 (en) * | 2009-10-20 | 2022-06-13 | Smay Spółka Z Ograniczoną Odpowiedzialnością | Method for pressure regulation in vertical escape routes |
| PL218694B1 (en) * | 2009-10-20 | 2015-01-30 | Smay Spółka Z Ograniczoną Odpowiedzialnością | Overpressure fogging protection system for vertical evacuation routes |
| US11781774B2 (en) | 2013-05-09 | 2023-10-10 | Pathian Incorporated | Building pressure control |
| US9494335B1 (en) * | 2013-05-09 | 2016-11-15 | Pathian Incorporated | Building pressure control |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1479793A (en) * | 1975-04-02 | 1977-07-13 | Kg Smoke Dispersal Ltd | Fire safety systems |
| US5583326A (en) * | 1992-01-08 | 1996-12-10 | Sors Carlos Alberto | Pneumatic elevator by depressure |
| US5354233A (en) * | 1992-10-02 | 1994-10-11 | Man-D-Tec, Inc. | Emergency ventilation system for elevator cab |
| US5788571A (en) * | 1997-01-22 | 1998-08-04 | Ivison; John T. | Method of venting smoke from highrise residential buildings |
| US6085873A (en) * | 1999-05-27 | 2000-07-11 | Macchi; Anselmo John | Pneumatic elevator |
| US7127850B1 (en) * | 2003-09-16 | 2006-10-31 | Fex Jr J Patrick | Internal building pressure apparatus and method |
-
2005
- 2005-03-01 CN CNB2005800254346A patent/CN100538192C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-03-01 WO PCT/US2005/006499 patent/WO2006022844A1/en active Application Filing
- 2005-03-01 JP JP2007523537A patent/JP2008508163A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-03-01 US US11/572,659 patent/US20080274684A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106989470A (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2017-07-28 | 江南嘉捷电梯股份有限公司 | A kind of elevator hoistways ventilation regulator |
| CN112744656A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-05-04 | 日立电梯（中国）有限公司 | Control method and control system for elevator pressure relief device under chimney effect |
| CN112944519A (en) * | 2021-03-15 | 2021-06-11 | 中信和业投资有限公司 | System for effectively controlling chimney effect of elevator shaft of super high-rise building |
| CN115264703A (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2022-11-01 | 中国建筑设计研究院有限公司 | Natural ventilation method and system for building vertical shaft by utilizing hot pressing |
| CN115264703B (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2023-08-25 | 中国建筑设计研究院有限公司 | Natural ventilation method and system for building vertical shaft by using hot pressing |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2006022844A1 (en) | 2006-03-02 |
| US20080274684A1 (en) | 2008-11-06 |
| JP2008508163A (en) | 2008-03-21 |
| CN100538192C (en) | 2009-09-09 |
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