CN101075745A - Fuel-cell adapter - Google Patents
Fuel-cell adapter Download PDFInfo
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- CN101075745A CN101075745A CNA200610011929XA CN200610011929A CN101075745A CN 101075745 A CN101075745 A CN 101075745A CN A200610011929X A CNA200610011929X A CN A200610011929XA CN 200610011929 A CN200610011929 A CN 200610011929A CN 101075745 A CN101075745 A CN 101075745A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The architecture of the invention is: the input end of DC module is connected to the output end of the fuel cell; the output end of the DC module is divided into three routes; one route is connected to the sensor and load via a controllable switch; second route is connected to the virtual load via a controllable switch; third route is connected to the input end of the secondary voltage stabilization and transformation circuit; the output end of the secondary voltage stabilization and transformation circuit is connected to the input end of the controller and the charging circuit; the output end of the charging circuit is connected to the storage cell; the storage cell is connected to the sensor and load via a controllable switch; the output end of the controller is respectively connected to three controllable switch and the control end of the charging circuit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fuel-cell adapter, especially be applicable to the adapter of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells.
Background technology
Fuel cell is a kind of electrochemical appliance that the chemical energy of fuel is converted into electric energy.It has efficiently, environmental friendliness, quiet and reliability advantages of higher, is considered to the cleaning of 21 century first-selection, generation technology efficiently.But, to compare with the battery of other kinds, there is a shortcoming that is difficult to overcome in fuel cell, and promptly the output voltage of fuel cell reduces rapidly with the increase of output current.For example, hydrogen-oxygen proton exchange membrane fuel cell list pond open circuit voltage more than 1V, but when work voltage to be lower than 0.8V; The theoretical open circuit voltage in the single pond of direct methanol fuel cell is 1.2V, but during work voltage about 0.4V.This shortcoming of fuel cell has limited the application of fuel cell greatly, and the way commonly used that addresses this problem now is exactly to adopt interlock circuit to change the wide region output voltage of fuel cell into constant voltage output, adopt other chargeable energy storage device auxiliary power supplies, and power supply managed, to improve the overall performance of fuel cell system.
[United States Patent (USP) 3821626] introduced employing storage battery or other rechargeable device as supplementary energy and fuel cell parallel connection, the monitoring fuel cell voltage, when the overload phenomenon made fuel cell voltage be lower than set point, supplementary energy provided extra electric current to load in the time of setting.This patent is inapplicable for the system that the overload phenomenon is difficult to generation, and the supplementary energy supplying time is subjected to the restriction of initialization circuit.
[Japan Patent 2-193537] introduced the output voltage that adopts adjustable DC/DC module to adjust fuel cell, the output current of monitoring fuel cell, with a group storage battery as supplementary energy, when load current rises suddenly by the storage battery repid discharge, when returning to 100% state in the electric current of fuel cell, storage battery finishes discharge.It is complicated that this system implements, and fuel cell powering load always when load running is unfavorable for improving its performance.
[United States Patent (USP) 4962462] introduced by fuel cell and two group storage batteries and formed the hybrid power system of controlling based on microprocessor, by a switch fuel cell separated from system when load institute energy requirement surpasses predetermined value.By the charged state of sensor storage battery, prevent to overcharge by switch.This patent is not done charging circuit and is specified, and for example lithium battery is higher to charging requirement, needs accurate charging circuit to guarantee the safety of charging.
In present chargeable energy storage device: though the super capacitor power-performance is better than storage battery, the energy of storing under the condition of same size is less than storage battery.Inapplicable to the occasion of volume requirement strictness; NI-G, nickel-hydrogen accumulator all have memory effect, cause capacity to reduce easily, promptly use the method that discharges and recharges entirely and discharge memory, useful life that also can the loss battery, be applied in the hybrid power system can the reduction system flexibility; Lithium battery and lead-acid battery all do not have memory effect, can be at any time to its charging.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of fuel-cell adapter, the output voltage of steady fuel battery makes the unexpected variation of system's adaptation bearing power, the depth of discharge of control fuel cell.
For achieving the above object, fuel-cell adapter provided by the invention mainly is made of DC/DC module, storage battery, transducer, controller, secondary voltage stabilizing transforming circuit, charging circuit, dummy load and gate-controlled switch; Wherein:
The input of DC/DC module is connected with the output of fuel cell, the output of this module is divided into three the tunnel: wherein leading up to a gate-controlled switch and transducer is connected with load, another road is connected with dummy load by a gate-controlled switch, also has one the tunnel to be connected with the input of secondary voltage stabilizing transforming circuit;
The output of secondary voltage stabilizing transforming circuit is connected with the input of controller and charging circuit;
The output of charging circuit is connected with storage battery;
Storage battery is connected with load by a gate-controlled switch and transducer;
The output of transducer is connected with the input of controller;
The output of controller connects the control end of three gate-controlled switches and charging circuit respectively;
In the said apparatus, the employing storage battery is a supplementary energy, adopts the charging circuit that is made of the integrated charge controller, can set the maximum discharge current of fuel cell and the maximum charging current of storage battery; When load current during less than set point 1, charging circuit charges a battery; Load current is greater than set point 1 but less than set point 2, and charging circuit stops charging; Load current is greater than set point 2 but less than set point 3, fuel cell and storage battery be powering load together; Load current is greater than set point 3, and fuel cell and load disconnect, and all by the storage battery powering load, fuel cell is only powered to control circuit.
Described fuel-cell adapter, wherein storage battery is the battery pack of lithium ion battery, lithium polymer battery, lead-acid battery or above-mentioned battery.
Described fuel-cell adapter, wherein transducer is Hall current sensor or sample resistance.
Described fuel-cell adapter, its middle controller adopts single-chip microcomputer, operational amplifier or voltage comparator.
Described fuel-cell adapter, wherein the secondary voltage stabilizing transforming circuit of DC/DC module formation guarantees the steady operation of control circuit and required voltage is provided for pump and fan in charging circuit and the fuel cell system.
Described fuel-cell adapter, wherein dummy load is resistance or thermoelectric element, the heat that this dummy load produces is used for the heating fuel battery, promotes the temperature of fuel cell.
Described fuel-cell adapter wherein makes fuel cell voltage obtain by switching between fuel cell and the storage battery.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows that this adapter and fuel cell are used just constitutes hybrid power system, by the operating state of controller according to load running situation control fuel cell, storage battery and charging circuit, fuel cell and load are complementary, stablized fuel cell output voltage, adapted to bearing power unexpected variation, controlled the depth of discharge of fuel cell.Compared with prior art, the present invention is simple in structure, and volume is little, and dependable performance is specially adapted to Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC), comprises the direct alcohol fuel battery (DAFC) with liquid chargings such as methyl alcohol, ethanol.
Description of drawings
Following accompanying drawing is that they can explain principle of the present invention and effect about pre-ferred embodiment more of the present invention, and brief description is as follows:
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of fuel-cell adapter of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a system running state schematic diagram behind the employing fuel-cell adapter of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a fuel-cell adapter of the present invention charging circuit principle schematic when adopting lithium battery as supplementary energy.
Fig. 4 is a fuel-cell adapter of the present invention charging circuit principle schematic when adopting lead-acid battery as supplementary energy.
Fig. 5 is the change curve of fuel battery power behind the employing fuel-cell adapter of the present invention, bearing power and storage battery power.
Embodiment
The secondary voltage stabilizing transforming circuit that the present invention adopts the DC/DC module to constitute guarantees the steady operation of control circuit and provides required voltage to parts such as the pump in charging circuit and the fuel cell system, fans.
The present invention adopts the storage battery of memory-less effect as supplementary energy, by the charging circuit that the integrated charge controller constitutes, and the charge efficiency height, maximum charging current can be adjusted, and also has to prevent to overcharge and to the function of cell-temperature monitoring.
The present invention has adopted the dummy load of being made by resistance or thermoelectric element, make fuel cell open-circuit condition not occur, eliminated the open circuit high pressure of fuel cell, the heat that produces is used for the heating fuel battery, promote the temperature of fuel cell, and make fuel cell voltage obtain by the switching of fuel cell and storage battery.
Load current of the present invention is greater than set point 1 but less than set point 2, and charging circuit stops charging; Load current is greater than set point 2 but less than set point 3, fuel cell and storage battery be powering load together; Load current is greater than set point 3, and fuel cell and load disconnect, and all by the storage battery powering load, fuel cell is only powered to control circuit.
Be described in detail as follows:
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of fuel-cell adapter of the present invention.Wherein 1 is the DC/DC module, and it is with the output voltage stabilization of the fuel cell rated voltage in load; 2 is storage battery.Powering load when bearing power surpasses set point; 3 is transducer, thus the variable power of the electric current reflected load of sensing lead; 4 is controller, controls gate-controlled switch according to the power situation of load; 5 is secondary voltage stabilizing transforming circuit, guarantees the operate as normal of control circuit, provides rated voltage to parts such as the pump in charging circuit and the fuel cell system, fans; 6 is charging circuit; 7,8,9 is gate-controlled switch; 10 is dummy load.
Fig. 2 is system running state figure behind the employing fuel-cell adapter of the present invention.Fuel cell is connected with adapter during 0～t1, and load does not start, dummy load work.Load starts during t0～t1, fuel cell electric discharge, and electric current increases rapidly, and by battery discharging, fuel cell current reduces rapidly when surpassing set point, and fuel cell current went back up to normal condition after start-up course was finished.Load current is less than set point 1 during t1～t2, and charging circuit charges a battery.Load current is greater than set point 1 but less than set point 2 during t2～t3, and charging circuit stops charging.Load current is greater than set point 2 but less than set point 3, fuel cell and storage battery be powering load together during t3～t4.Load current is greater than set point 3 during t4～t5, and fuel cell and load disconnect, and all by the storage battery powering load, only to the control circuit power supply, electric current descends rapidly fuel cell.Load current continues to increase during t5～t6, still all by the storage battery powering load.Load current is reduced to set point below 1 during t6～t7, and fuel cell current goes back up to normal condition, and charging circuit charges a battery.Charging current reduces gradually during t7～t8, up to being full of.Be lower than the ruuning situation that set point 1 and storage battery are in full state for load current after the t8.
Fig. 3 is a fuel-cell adapter of the present invention charging circuit principle schematic when adopting lithium battery as supplementary energy.Charging circuit adopts the integrated charge controller MAX1758 of switching mode, the charge efficiency height, and noise jamming is low, also has the function to the lithium battery temperature monitoring.There is safe timer inside, prevents to overcharge the generation of phenomenon.Adjust the value of R3 and just can adjust maximum charging current.D link to each other with A, B, C corresponding a joint, three joints and four joint lithium batteries, corresponding two joint lithium batteries when unsettled.
Fig. 4 is a fuel-cell adapter of the present invention charging circuit principle schematic when adopting lead-acid battery as supplementary energy.Adopt the lead-acid battery special-purpose control integrated circuit UC3906 that charges, it has lead-acid battery optimal charge required whole controls and measuring ability, and charging voltage is changed with the variation of cell voltage temperature coefficient.Adjust the value of R1 and just can adjust maximum charging current.
Fig. 5 is the change curve of fuel battery power behind the employing fuel-cell adapter of the present invention, bearing power and storage battery power.When bearing power increase suddenly made its electric current surpass set point, storage battery responded fast, and fuel cell can not increase a lot of situations suddenly by emergent power.Fuel cell charges a battery when condition satisfies, and the energy of its inner storage is replenished.
In order to further specify the present invention, enumerate following embodiment.
The power of fuel cell is 6.5W, and load is the DC motor of 5W.Adopt the DC/DC module of 4.5V～9V input 5W, adopt the single-unit lithium polymer battery as supplementary energy, transducer adopts the sample resistance of 0.05 Ω, adopt voltage comparator LM339 as controller, charging circuit adopts charge controller MAX1757, the resistance that adopts 1W is as dummy load, and gate-controlled switch adopts MOSFET.
The power of fuel cell is 30W, and load is a notebook computer.Adopt the DC/DC module of 9V～18V input 25W, the lithium ion battery group that adopts three joint polyphones is as supplementary energy, transducer adopts the sample resistance of 0.1 Ω, adopt single chip computer AT 89C2051 as controller, charging circuit adopts charge controller MAX1758, the resistance that adopts 3W is as dummy load, and gate-controlled switch adopts MOSFET.
The power of fuel cell is 55W, and load is the DC motor of 50W.Adopt the DC/DC module of 10V～40V input 50W, adopt 12V lead-acid battery group as supplementary energy, transducer adopts Hall current sensor, adopt operational amplifier LM224 as controller, charging circuit adopts charge controller UC3906, the electric hot plate that adopts 5W is as dummy load, and gate-controlled switch adopts relay.
In above stated specification, be the present invention to be illustrated by some instantiations, be not to be used for limiting the scope of the invention, in not breaking away from thought of the present invention and technical scope, can do some modifications and variations, but these modifications and variations also should belong to the present invention.
Claims (7)
1, a kind of fuel-cell adapter mainly is made of DC/DC module, storage battery, transducer, controller, secondary voltage stabilizing transforming circuit, charging circuit, dummy load and gate-controlled switch; Wherein:
The input of DC/DC module is connected with the output of fuel cell, the output of this module is divided into three the tunnel: wherein leading up to a gate-controlled switch and transducer is connected with load, another road is connected with dummy load by a gate-controlled switch, also has one the tunnel to be connected with the input of secondary voltage stabilizing transforming circuit;
The output of secondary voltage stabilizing transforming circuit is connected with the input of controller and charging circuit;
The output of charging circuit is connected with storage battery;
Storage battery is connected with load by a gate-controlled switch and transducer;
The output of transducer is connected with the input of controller;
The output of controller connects the control end of three gate-controlled switches and charging circuit respectively;
In the said apparatus, the employing storage battery is a supplementary energy, adopts the charging circuit that is made of the integrated charge controller, can set the maximum discharge current of fuel cell and the maximum charging current of storage battery; When load current during less than set point 1, charging circuit charges a battery; Load current is greater than set point 1 but less than set point 2, and charging circuit stops charging; Load current is greater than set point 2 but less than set point 3, fuel cell and storage battery be powering load together; Load current is greater than set point 3, and fuel cell and load disconnect, and all by the storage battery powering load, fuel cell is only powered to control circuit.
2, according to the described fuel-cell adapter of claim 1, wherein storage battery is the battery pack of lithium ion battery, lithium polymer battery, lead-acid battery or above-mentioned battery.
3, according to the described fuel-cell adapter of claim 1, wherein transducer is Hall current sensor or sample resistance.
4, according to the described fuel-cell adapter of claim 1, its middle controller adopts single-chip microcomputer, operational amplifier or voltage comparator.
5, according to the described fuel-cell adapter of claim 1, wherein adopt the DC/DC module to constitute secondary voltage stabilizing transforming circuit, guarantee the steady operation of control circuit and required voltage is provided for pump and fan in charging circuit and the fuel cell system.
6, according to the described fuel-cell adapter of claim 1, wherein dummy load is resistance or thermoelectric element, and the heat that this dummy load produces is used for the heating fuel battery, promotes the temperature of fuel cell.
7,, wherein make fuel cell voltage obtain by switching between fuel cell and the storage battery according to the described fuel-cell adapter of claim 1.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB200610011929XA CN100488000C (en) | 2006-05-18 | 2006-05-18 | Fuel-cell adapter |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB200610011929XA CN100488000C (en) | 2006-05-18 | 2006-05-18 | Fuel-cell adapter |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101075745A true CN101075745A (en) | 2007-11-21 |
| CN100488000C CN100488000C (en) | 2009-05-13 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CNB200610011929XA Expired - Fee Related CN100488000C (en) | 2006-05-18 | 2006-05-18 | Fuel-cell adapter |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105990910A (en) * | 2015-01-28 | 2016-10-05 | 青岛众海汇智能源科技有限责任公司 | Wireless transmission method for dynamic load and receiving end device |
| CN106253636A (en) * | 2015-12-07 | 2016-12-21 | 张家港市华为电子有限公司 | Automatic dummy load circuit in switching power supply and switching power supply |
| CN107482274A (en) * | 2016-06-08 | 2017-12-15 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Fuel cell system |
| CN108172873A (en) * | 2016-12-07 | 2018-06-15 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | A kind of fuel cell pressure limiting method based on constant voltage mode DC Electronic Loads |
| CN109411785A (en) * | 2017-08-18 | 2019-03-01 | 奥迪股份公司 | Method and corresponding fuel cell module for fuel cell operation component |
| CN111200143A (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2020-05-26 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | DCDC output current control system based on fuel cell |
| CN111987329A (en) * | 2019-05-22 | 2020-11-24 | 现代自动车株式会社 | Fuel cell stack |
| US11271227B2 (en) | 2017-08-18 | 2022-03-08 | Audi Ag | Method for operating a fuel cell arrangement and a corresponding fuel cell arrangement |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR0148053B1 (en) * | 1995-05-12 | 1998-09-15 | 김광호 | Backlight driving control device and its driving control method of liquid crystal display elements |
| JP2004179035A (en) * | 2002-11-28 | 2004-06-24 | Mitsumi Electric Co Ltd | Ac adapter |
| CN1268019C (en) * | 2003-10-16 | 2006-08-02 | 上海交通大学 | Secondary domestic fuel cell device |
-
2006
- 2006-05-18 CN CNB200610011929XA patent/CN100488000C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105990910A (en) * | 2015-01-28 | 2016-10-05 | 青岛众海汇智能源科技有限责任公司 | Wireless transmission method for dynamic load and receiving end device |
| CN106253636A (en) * | 2015-12-07 | 2016-12-21 | 张家港市华为电子有限公司 | Automatic dummy load circuit in switching power supply and switching power supply |
| CN107482274B (en) * | 2016-06-08 | 2020-06-30 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Fuel cell system |
| CN107482274A (en) * | 2016-06-08 | 2017-12-15 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Fuel cell system |
| CN108172873A (en) * | 2016-12-07 | 2018-06-15 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | A kind of fuel cell pressure limiting method based on constant voltage mode DC Electronic Loads |
| CN108172873B (en) * | 2016-12-07 | 2020-08-04 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Fuel cell voltage limiting method based on constant voltage mode direct current electronic load |
| CN109411785A (en) * | 2017-08-18 | 2019-03-01 | 奥迪股份公司 | Method and corresponding fuel cell module for fuel cell operation component |
| US11271227B2 (en) | 2017-08-18 | 2022-03-08 | Audi Ag | Method for operating a fuel cell arrangement and a corresponding fuel cell arrangement |
| US11342570B2 (en) | 2017-08-18 | 2022-05-24 | Audi Ag | Method for operating a fuel cell arrangement and also a corresponding fuel cell arrangement |
| CN111200143A (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2020-05-26 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | DCDC output current control system based on fuel cell |
| CN111200143B (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2021-04-02 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | DCDC output current control system based on fuel cell |
| CN111987329A (en) * | 2019-05-22 | 2020-11-24 | 现代自动车株式会社 | Fuel cell stack |
| CN111987329B (en) * | 2019-05-22 | 2023-12-01 | 现代自动车株式会社 | fuel cell stack |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN100488000C (en) | 2009-05-13 |
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