CN101074773A - Single-spiral flow smokeless steam boiler with chain grates - Google Patents
Single-spiral flow smokeless steam boiler with chain grates Download PDFInfo
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- CN101074773A CN101074773A CN 200710015961 CN200710015961A CN101074773A CN 101074773 A CN101074773 A CN 101074773A CN 200710015961 CN200710015961 CN 200710015961 CN 200710015961 A CN200710015961 A CN 200710015961A CN 101074773 A CN101074773 A CN 101074773A
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Abstract
This invention relates to a single-chain grate swirl pure smoke-free hot water boiler which belongs to thermal equipment. It includes the shell, water wall, drum and lower coal-fired device. The coal-fired device includes the coal installation; the chain stove arranges upper coal, the stokehold push and pushes behind the stove. Front furnace chamber is composed between the stokehold arch and the chain stove row. Queen furnace chamber is composed between pushes behind the stove and the chain stove row. The top of the front furnace chamber's surface form the arch by the whorl stream burning. The oblique tones wall of the furnace chamber matches the combustion-supporting place with draught that leads to the front furnace. The combustion-supporting place with draught is tangent with the front furnace chamber top arch, and the back of furnace chamber is connected in the front burning hot gas outlet. The structure is simple reasonable, and low cost, full combustion, high thermal efficiency, low energy consumption, solved black smoke fouling problems, protection of the environment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of single-spiral flow smokeless steam boiler with chain grates, belong to Thermal Equipment.
Background technology
At present, traveling-grate stoker formula steam boiler, widelyd popularize at home and series of products that belong to the DZL model that performance is advanced, structure comprises shell, water-cooling wall, the coal-burning installation of drum and bottom, coal-burning installation comprises coaling gear, traveling-grate stoker, trimmer arch and stove rear arch, constitute front furnace between trimmer arch and the traveling-grate stoker, constitute rear hearth between stove rear arch and the traveling-grate stoker, the outlet of combustion heat gas is arranged between trimmer arch and the stove rear arch, total arrangement is firmly compact, higher heat transfer coefficient is arranged, rated capacity is from DZL0.5-DZL20, i.e. rated capacity 0.5t/h-20t/h per hour, typing drawing and manufacturing inspection standard that each cauldron factory all has national Ministry of Labour to issue, design pressure is 1.25MPa.
This boiler product is when the design of " pot ", in order to improve heat transfer efficiency, flue gas is in operation and adopts " smoke pipe three return-stroke types " structure in the drum, long heat exchange process and intensive contact area are arranged, because the only way which must be passed " smoke pipe " of flue gas is to be distributed in drum the inside, and all the other are water entirely except the upper strata is steam in drum the inside, so can suddenly gathering, flue gas temperature on stream descends, tar steam in the flue gas can be separated out in rapid condensation, the a large amount of dusts of adhesion simultaneously, pipe is original just very thin, forms one group by some, so be easy to " obstruction ", cause whole equipment smoke evacuation not smooth, boiler " burning malleation " is aerosol spraying everywhere, does not promptly reach specified steam output, can make the combustion parts severe depletion of oxygen again, the chimney over-emitting black exhaust, and occur more serious, " obstruction " fast, fuel consumption also increase fast, black smoke fills the air in the boiler room, and environmental pollution is serious.Although designed the specific purpose tool of a kind of being called " smoke pipe brush " for this reason, stopping production blowing out is regularly cleared up, but because pipe is too carefully oversize again mostly, cooling off later tar dust mixture is difficult to remove clean, so running of this boiler, the energy waste that existence in service is very big, the thermal efficiency is low, and contaminated environment is serious.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of single-spiral flow smokeless steam boiler with chain grates, simple and reasonable, cheap, fired coal combustion is abundant, thermal efficiency height, and energy consumption is low, can solve coal-fired over-emitting black exhaust and dust stratification problem, the protection environment.
Single-spiral flow smokeless steam boiler with chain grates of the present invention, comprise shell, water-cooling wall, the coal-burning installation of drum and bottom, coal-burning installation comprises coaling gear, traveling-grate stoker, trimmer arch and stove rear arch, constitute front furnace between trimmer arch and the traveling-grate stoker, constitute rear hearth between stove rear arch and the traveling-grate stoker, the outlet of combustion heat gas is arranged between trimmer arch and the stove rear arch, the top of its front furnace cross section is the arch that forms swirl flow combustion, form single eddy flow chimney arch, the sidewall of front furnace is fitted with the combustion-supporting air port of leading to front furnace, the arch at combustion-supporting air port and front furnace top is tangent, and the rear portion of front furnace is communicated with the outlet of combustion heat gas.
Preferably front furnace is divided into the two parts that communicate up and down, cross section is R shape, and the front furnace sidewall is provided with the combustion-supporting air channel of leading to upper furnace along the pin of R shape, and it is more abundant to burn, and preferably is equipped with the combustion-supporting air channel of leading to upper furnace along two pins.So-called R shape also can be anti-R shape, can form clockwise eddy flow burning and counterclockwise swirl flow combustion respectively.
Set up the combustion-supporting air channel of leading to lower hearth along the inclination pin of R shape, further promote burning preferably to be equipped with the combustion-supporting air channel of leading to lower hearth along two pins.
Cross section is the also just approximate pictograph of R shape structure to be described, can there be distortion to a certain degree to develop, two pins as R shape can be that symmetry tilts, can set up the combustion-supporting air channel of leading to lower hearth along two inclination pins, be that the side-blown air channel is all established in both sides, the cross section of upper furnace can be rounded or ellipse etc., burner hearth also can be positioned at the middle part of body of heater, especially during symmetrical structure, generally is positioned at the middle part, at this moment, R shape structure will develop into approximate Ω shape, or the like, when structure is asymmetric, two tiltedly take on a weak point, and one long.
Establish training wall upwards at the front end of stove rear arch, combustion heat gas is carried out water conservancy diversion, what preferably the water conservancy diversion coping is provided with tilts to combustion heat gas outlet side, further improves the water conservancy diversion effect.
The present invention only improves the coal-burning installation in the steam boiler, and the structure that other structure can still be continued to use existing DZL series chain-arranged type steam boiler gets final product, and improves simply, is beneficial to by market and accepts.Coal-burning installation part and other structure division can be divided into two supporting body structures, make equipped respectively.
In practice, according to the needs of different size the longitudinal length and the transverse width of body of heater are set, when the longitudinal length of body of heater was big, combustion-supporting air channel can distribute on longitudinal length and be provided with severally, guarantees fully to burn.
Coaling gear among the present invention comprises from manual coal that adds coal bunker and coaling machine automatic stoking device etc.
Operation principle:
Under the effect of the combustion air that enters from air compartment, at high temperature burn in coal seam on the fire grate, produce a large amount of dense flue gases, coal tar steam wherein, coal gas (carbon monoxide), the particle of the coal that hydrocarbon gas evaporates and subparticle or the like volatile combustible product can rise rapidly, air-flow is concentrated to crown center or quirk, compress and the flow velocity increase, this strand contains the high concentration flue gas of a large amount of flammable compositions and flame enters top with higher flow velocity swirl flow combustion zone, it is upper furnace, can claim " single swirl flow combustion district ", enter rotation status immediately, the eddy flow combustion air is through the combustion-supporting burning air channel of the right and left simultaneously, tangential direction with this circle, spray with certain pressure and flow velocity, the two makes a concerted effort to form stronger turning moment, flammable flue gas and combustion-supporting oxygen (air) are mixed consumingly, cause burning fiercely, produce high temperature (1200-1450 ℃), this temperature has been strengthened the burning condition in this combustion zone more, according to " high-speed rotational principle ", this strand air-flow of rotation at a high speed all will produce consumingly " entrainmenting " effect to overhead all volatile materials of the whole front furnace that covers, none is slipped through the net, because the airflow route in the swirl flow combustion district is " a spiral stroke ", the track route and the residence time of fuel have greatly so extended, in this burning system, volatile fuel and combustible dust (flue gas): 1. essential temperature; 2. enough oxygen; 3. good stirring; 4. sufficient burning time.Essential elemental burns, " flawless " of Ti Xianing here, so flue gas will be by slap-up after-flame, what obtain is clean, tasteless, colourless, dustless high-temperature gas enters the high temperature turbulent area that training wall 31 places form with certain flow rate, owing to lost " constraint " of combustion zone, air-flow begins to tear mutually to turn round, collision, pulverize, form many irregular disorderly air-flows, because the inertia of high speed swirling eddy, these air-flows still form " turbulence-like " in the rotation of establishing one's own system, and very high at this turbulent area degree of filling, here temperature reaches the highest simultaneously, and these high-temperature combustion gas are directly used in the heating of steam boiler.
Single-spiral flow smokeless steam boiler with chain grates of the present invention; fugitive constituent burn-off rate 100%; the gas of discharging is clean, colourless, tasteless, dustless; lingemann blackness is 0; the ash content carbon of discharging only has 3-5% (conventional boiler is more than 28%); compare with conventional boiler; 20-30% can economize on coal; simple and reasonable, cheap, thermal efficiency height; energy consumption is low; can solve coal-fired over-emitting black exhaust problem, the protection environment, combination property can with advanced but expensive " CFBB " compare favourably.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is existing DZL type traveling-grate stoker formula steam boiler structural representation.
Fig. 2 is one embodiment of the invention structural representation in conjunction with operation logic.
Fig. 3 is the coal-burning installation structural representation among Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is the front furnace cross-sectional structure schematic diagram among Fig. 3.
Among the figure: 1, flame-observing hole 2, front furnace 3, manhole door 4, air compartment 5, traveling-grate stoker 6, sealing block (also claiming grey iron block) 7, stove rear arch 8, rear hearth 9, back roller 10, ash hole 11, back manhole 12, maintenance hand hole 13, blowdown outlet 14, maintenance hand hole 15, exhanst gas outlet 16, cold water preheater 17, steam (vapor) outlet 18, water-cooling wall 19, inspection manhole 20, drum 21, Pressure gauge 22, smoke box 23, shell 24, trimmer arch 25, coal bunker 26, coal flashboard 27, blanket roller 28, single eddy flow chimney arch 29, upper furnace 30, high temperature turbulent area 31, training wall 32, the combustion-supporting air port 33 of secondary, burning gases outlet 34, coal seam 35, grieshoch 36,38,39, the combustion-supporting air channel 37 of secondary, cloth wind box 40, lower hearth F1, F2, combustion air B1, B2, air blast.
The specific embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the embodiment accompanying drawing.
As Fig. 2, shown in 3, single-spiral flow smokeless steam boiler with chain grates of the present invention, on existing DZL type traveling-grate stoker formula steam boiler basis shown in Figure 1, except that coal-burning installation, other continues to use original structure, comprise shell 23, water-cooling wall 18, the coal-burning installation of drum 20 and bottom, coal-burning installation comprises by coal bunker, the coaling gear that the coal flashboard is formed, traveling-grate stoker 5 and chimney arch, constitute rear hearth 8 between stove rear arch 7 and the traveling-grate stoker 5, the top of front furnace cross section is the arch that forms swirl flow combustion, replace trimmer arch by single eddy flow chimney arch 28, constitute front furnace between trimmer arch and the traveling-grate stoker 5, the sidewall of front furnace is fitted with the combustion-supporting air port 32 of leading to front furnace, combustion-supporting air port 32 is tangent with the arch at front furnace top, makes front furnace form vortex furnace, and the front end of stove rear arch is provided with training wall 31 upwards, the top of training wall 31 exports 33 lopsidedness to combustion heat gas, and the rear portion of front furnace is communicated with combustion heat gas outlet 33.
As shown in Figure 4, front furnace is divided into the two parts that communicate up and down, and cross section is R shape, or approximate Ω shape, the front furnace sidewall is provided with combustion-supporting air port 32 or the air channel 36 of leading to upper furnace 29 along two pins of R shape, and the front furnace sidewall also is provided with the combustion-supporting air channel 38,39 of leading to lower hearth 40 along the pin of R shape.
The course of work:
Under the effect of the combustion air that enters from air compartment 4, at high temperature burn in coal seam 34 on the traveling-grate stoker 5, produce a large amount of dense flue gases, coal tar steam wherein, coal gas (carbon monoxide), hydrocarbon gas, the particle of coal and subparticle or the like volatile combustible product can rise rapidly, and the guiding that tiltedly takeed on by front furnace top two, air-flow is concentrated to the crown center quirk, compress and the flow velocity increase, because two oblique shoulders are not isometric, the weak point on the left side, the length on the right, both sides corresponding downwards grate area also different, so the right flame flow is bigger than the flame flow density on the left side, flow velocity is also fast, the two past left side deflection occurred when concentrating at fire channel place, last top, this strand contains the high concentration flue gas of a large amount of flammable compositions and flame enters top with higher flow velocity swirl flow combustion zone, it is upper furnace 29, also can be described as " single swirl flow combustion district ", enter rotation status immediately, the eddy flow combustion air is through the combustion-supporting air port 32 or the air channel 39 of the right and left simultaneously, 36,38, tangential direction with this circle, spray with certain pressure and flow velocity, the two makes a concerted effort to form stronger turning moment, flammable flue gas and combustion-supporting oxygen (air) are mixed consumingly, cause burning fiercely, produce high temperature, reach 1200-1450 ℃, strengthened the burning condition in this combustion zone more, according to " high-speed rotational principle ", this strand air-flow of rotation at a high speed all will produce consumingly " entrainmenting " effect to overhead all volatile materials of the whole front furnace that covers, none is slipped through the net, because the airflow route in the swirl flow combustion district is " a spiral stroke ", the track route and the residence time of fuel have greatly extended, in this burning system, volatile fuel and combustible dust (flue gas) have: 1. essential temperature; 2. enough oxygen; 3. good stirring; 4. sufficient burning time, essential elemental burns, " flawless " of Ti Xianing here, so flue gas will be by slap-up after-flame, what obtain is clean, tasteless, colourless, dustless high-temperature gas enters the high temperature turbulent area that training wall 31 places form with certain flow rate, owing to lost " constraint " of combustion zone, air-flow begins to tear mutually to turn round, collision, pulverize, form many irregular disorderly air-flows, because the inertia of high speed swirling eddy, these air-flows still form " turbulence-like " in the rotation of establishing one's own system, and it is very high at this turbulent area degree of filling, here temperature reaches the highest simultaneously, and these high-temperature combustion gas are directly used in the heating of steam boiler.
The thickness in coal seam can be determined according to the height that the boiler heat load adjustment is positioned at the coal flashboard of trimmer arch front, this stage from the coal flashboard to manhole door, it is the zone that " fugitive constituent " of bituminous coal separated out in a large number, " yet single swirl flow combustion district " is in the top of going up in this zone just, all flue gases all will be involved in this high temperature flue that rotates at a high speed, by thorough after-flame, clean flame flow enters the high temperature turbulent area that the training wall place forms with certain flow rate.
The bituminous coal of front is quilt " destructive distillation " while walking, fugitive constituent volatilizees basically and burns totally, after the process manhole door is sentenced, become " coke ", " burning-point " of this coke is very high, there is not sufficiently high temperature to burn endless, " high temperature turbulent area " yet here just just, so " burnt nuclear " in the lime-ash that in conventional boiler, is difficult to burn, in this zone also by thorough after-flame, the lime-ash of after-flame is " noncombustibles " all, and the motion backward along with fire grate falls into ash hole and discharges out of the furnace.
In addition, in order to make the coke after-flame, " coke forms the district " corresponding air compartment has certain ventilation (can regulate by corresponding air-valve), again because this regional gas permeability is fine, there be a small amount of " overheated remaining oxygen " to pass coke layer always and add to this " high temperature turbulent area ", this just more makes the condition of burning reach best, suppose to leak and serve flue gas from the front, also can be by this " high-intensity zoneofoxidation " slap-up oxidizing away, certain superfluous oxygen is too many, because temperature is too high, be easy to generate harmful nitrogen oxide (NOx) again.Can reasonably regulate this regional air capacity under the prerequisite that does not have cigarette fully, suitably be in " reasonably anaerobic condition ", because of the chemical property of nitrogen (N) active not as the chemical property of the carbon (C) under the red-hot state, so following reduction reaction occurs:
NOx+HC→CO
2+H
2O+N
NOx+CO→CO
2+N
NOx+C→CO
2+N
Nitrogen oxide is seized oxygen atom by carbon and hydrogen as a result, is reduced into nitrogen again.
Therefore, " high temperature turbulent area " is equivalent to the tight pernicious gas of one deck " screen pack ", and all none is processed into non-toxic gas with slipping through the net and emits through this zone the time for three kinds of toxic gases.
In the chemical examination of coal, the material of incombustibility is called " ash ", difference according to the constitutional chemistry composition, the temperature of pairing " ash fusion point " is also different, but the overwhelming majority can melt to burn about 1350 ℃ to form slag, fraction in burning in these ash rises up slowly with air-flow, contained flammable composition is suspended the afterburnt, not flammable composition will form tiny " slag dirt ", because very light weight, shape is disorderly and unsystematic, better aerodynamic effect is arranged, taken away by air-flow easily or with the form of dust stratification be deposited on the boiler tube and the boiler random in or float in the atmosphere through chimney and to go, this is a matter of course feelings in traditional combustion apparatus, is not so just in the present invention.
In combustion mode of the present invention, combustible dust and incombustibility dust are under suspended state and high temperature, rotary collision intensely, because temperature is very high, generally be between 1350 ℃-1450 ℃, this temperature almost is all ash " ash fusion points ", because fine dust is fused into small " bead " easily fast, add again at swirl flow combustion section motion collision intensely, wherein some also can be agglomerated into bigger " bead " shape, no matter be big and tiny all having become " sphere ", the aerodynamic quality of this geometry is bad, be difficult to floating with air-flow, go so can settle out to stick together to be discharged to outside the stove at " high temperature turbulent area " with following big lime-ash, has only few part along with the high velocity air that upwards sprays enters into very big boiler cup the inside, space, here the speed of air-flow is slack-off rapidly, add the cooling effect of water-cooling wall again, temperature also reduces rapidly, these " microballoons " have lost high velocity air " supporting effect ", settle out immediately, be deposited on the bottom of " cup ", pass through ash removing opening, periodic cleaning is come out, can not be bonded on the heat-exchange surface of boiler, so perfect combination of the present invention makes " pot " and " stove " all can reach best running status, realizes high efficiency truly, low energy consumption.
Cloth wind box can be passed through in the combustion-supporting air channel of among the present invention each, realizes that as required cloth wind distributes, and provides cloth pneumatic power by same power source, simplifies auxiliary equipment.
Air feed system can be equipped with the automation frequency-changing control system, realizes automation mechanized operation.Mode as the available frequency control of adjusting of wind supply quantity solves, that is changes the method control wind supply quantity of the rotating speed of blower fan by the frequency that changes fan power.Utilize flue gas sensor (the industrial electronic retail department all has commercially available), as zirconium dioxide flue gas sensor, it presents " gas sensitive effect " to carbon monoxide, as long as it is exactly anoxic that flue gas is arranged, as long as anoxic just certainly leads to carbon monoxide, so the content of detection CO gas how much, also just directly reflected " air distribution coefficient " and the combustion conditions of combustion apparatus inside.The content of CO gas is become on the voltage signal input terminal that voltage signal is input to frequency converter, can utilize the voltage signal controlled frequency to change, the frequency conversion out-put supply is exactly the power supply of air blast, like this, rational air distribution coefficient can be arranged, fundamentally control the excessive generation of nitrogen oxide.
Claims (7)
1, a kind of single-spiral flow smokeless steam boiler with chain grates, comprise shell, water-cooling wall, the coal-burning installation of drum and bottom, coal-burning installation comprises coaling gear, traveling-grate stoker, trimmer arch and stove rear arch, constitute front furnace between trimmer arch and the traveling-grate stoker, constitute rear hearth between stove rear arch and the traveling-grate stoker, the outlet of combustion heat gas is arranged between trimmer arch and the stove rear arch, the top that it is characterized in that the front furnace cross section is the arch that forms swirl flow combustion, the sidewall of front furnace is fitted with the combustion-supporting air port of leading to front furnace, the arch at combustion-supporting air port and front furnace top is tangent, and the rear portion of front furnace is communicated with the outlet of combustion heat gas.
2, single-spiral flow smokeless steam boiler with chain grates according to claim 1 is characterized in that front furnace is divided into the two parts that communicate up and down, and cross section is R shape, and the front furnace sidewall is provided with the combustion-supporting air channel of leading to upper furnace along the pin of R shape.
3, single-spiral flow smokeless steam boiler with chain grates according to claim 2 is characterized in that the front furnace sidewall is equipped with the combustion-supporting air channel of leading to upper furnace along two pins of R shape.
4, single-spiral flow smokeless steam boiler with chain grates according to claim 2 is characterized in that the front furnace sidewall is provided with the combustion-supporting air channel of leading to lower hearth along the pin of R shape.
5, single-spiral flow smokeless steam boiler with chain grates according to claim 2 is characterized in that the front furnace sidewall is equipped with the combustion-supporting air channel of leading to lower hearth along two pins of R shape.
6,, it is characterized in that the front end of stove rear arch is provided with training wall upwards according to claim 2,3,4 or 5 described single-spiral flow smokeless steam boiler with chain grates.
7, single-spiral flow smokeless steam boiler with chain grates according to claim 6 is characterized in that the water conservancy diversion coping tilts to combustion heat gas outlet side.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200710015961 CN101074773A (en) | 2007-06-16 | 2007-06-16 | Single-spiral flow smokeless steam boiler with chain grates |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200710015961 CN101074773A (en) | 2007-06-16 | 2007-06-16 | Single-spiral flow smokeless steam boiler with chain grates |
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| CN101074773A true CN101074773A (en) | 2007-11-21 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2013071463A1 (en) * | 2011-11-14 | 2013-05-23 | 宝鸡市海浪锅炉设备有限公司 | Energy-saving coal burning boiler with multi-section furnace arch |
-
2007
- 2007-06-16 CN CN 200710015961 patent/CN101074773A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2013071463A1 (en) * | 2011-11-14 | 2013-05-23 | 宝鸡市海浪锅炉设备有限公司 | Energy-saving coal burning boiler with multi-section furnace arch |
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