CN101064546A - Pilot multiplexing method and wireless communication system - Google Patents

Pilot multiplexing method and wireless communication system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101064546A
CN101064546A CNA2006100790180A CN200610079018A CN101064546A CN 101064546 A CN101064546 A CN 101064546A CN A2006100790180 A CNA2006100790180 A CN A2006100790180A CN 200610079018 A CN200610079018 A CN 200610079018A CN 101064546 A CN101064546 A CN 101064546A
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different
antennas
pilot
antenna
sequence
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马莎
何玉娟
曲秉玉
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Priority to CNA2006100790180A priority Critical patent/CN101064546A/en
Priority to PCT/CN2007/001217 priority patent/WO2007128199A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0684—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission using different training sequences per antenna

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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种多发射天线的导频复用方法和采用所述方法的无线通信系统，令频分的多用户的多个天线的导频信号占用同一频率资源，采用码分复用(CDM)的方式对多个天线的导频加以区分，以节省频率资源，允许更多用户接入。

Figure 200610079018

The invention discloses a pilot multiplexing method of multiple transmitting antennas and a wireless communication system adopting the method, so that the pilot signals of multiple antennas of frequency-divided multi-users occupy the same frequency resource, and adopt code division multiplexing ( CDM) differentiates the pilot frequencies of multiple antennas to save frequency resources and allow more users to access.

Figure 200610079018

Description

Pilot multiplex method and wireless communication system
Technical field
The present invention relates to the mobile communication technology field, particularly the wireless communication system of a kind of pilot multiplex method of multiple transmit antennas and the described method of employing.
Background technology
Next-generation mobile communications can provide up to 100Mb/s even high data rate more, support the business from speech to multimedia.Message transmission rate can be adjusted according to these professional required speed Different Dynamic.Another characteristics of next-generation mobile communications are low-cost.On limited frequency spectrum resources, realize two-forty and big capacity like this, need the high technology of spectrum efficiency.The MIMO antenna technology can improve channel capacity.But signal is in the wireless channel of reality is propagated, because the influence of multipath transmisstion can cause the waveform of signal on time domain broadened, the frequency selective fading on frequency domain.Usually the wireless fading channel in actual broadband is frequency-selective channel, intersymbol interference (ISI) takes place because the frequency selectivity of channel makes between the signal of transmission, this will greatly influence the performance of wireless communication system, not only like this under traditional single antenna receive-transmit system, also be like this under multiaerial system.
In order to raise the efficiency, receiving terminal need obtain the precise channels state information, and its radiation pattern, the resource occupation mode different system with use in also have different considerations.As in up link, because mobile station equipment need reduce cost and power consumption, the transmitting power of wishing is as far as possible in the range of linearity of power amplifier, the waveform that just transmits has the ratio of lower peak value and average power, the permanent amplitude characteristic that this just feasible pilot signal that sends also will have time domain waveform.Because multi-transceiver technology itself has higher peak-to-average force ratio, therefore in the up link of some systems, will consider other radiation pattern usually, as radiation pattern based on single-carrier technology.
Under the radiation pattern based on single-carrier technology, pilot tone and data-signal are normally time-multiplexed.Under pilot signal and the time-multiplexed structure of data-signal, pilot multiplex method in the multi-transmitting antenna system is generally frequency division multiplexing (FDM), the pilot tone of a plurality of transmitting antennas takies the frequency resource of non-overlapping copies under this mode, launch at synchronization, and no matter this transfer of data occurs in the transmission time unit in the current transmission unit or after a period of time of being separated by, the frequency band that pilot signal takies in the current transmission unit is wanted the frequency band of cover data signal transmission at least, so just can offer used channel estimating of recipient's coherent demodulation or the channel quality measurement relevant with scheduling of resource.
Be frequency division multiple access (FDMA) between common a plurality of user, in the case, the mode of a kind of typical user's frequency division multiple access (FDMA)+antenna frequency division multiplexing (FDM) as shown in Figure 1.What provide among Fig. 1 is the multiplexed situation of user A when adopting the two antenna transmit pilot tone.Though the mode of FDMA has been avoided multi-user interference between this user, but the pilot tone of antenna 1 and antenna 2 is monopolized a frequency resource (being respectively the subcarrier that solid line and chain-dotted line are represented) separately, cause the waste of frequency resource, limited the access of more users simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of pilot multiplex method and wireless communication system, to solve the problem that the prior art frequency resource is wasted, limited the access of more users.
For reaching the problems referred to above, the pilot multiplex method of a kind of multi-user's multiple transmit antennas provided by the invention comprises:
A is the frequency resource of at least two users' sending of synchronization allocation of pilots non-overlapping copies;
B is the identical frequency resource of allocation of pilots of at least two antennas of same user;
C is the different normal amplitude of the allocation of pilots of each antenna at least two antennas of described same user zero an auto-correlation CAZAC sign indicating number sequence.
Described different CAZAC sign indicating number sequence is the different cycles shift sequence of same CAZAC sign indicating number sequence on time domain.
Described different CAZAC sign indicating number sequence is different bundle doffer-first zadoff-chu sequence.
As a plurality of available time-division during pilot signal, carry out identical or different resource allocation between a plurality of pilot signals of each antenna.
As two available time-divisions during pilot signal, two pilot signals of each antenna are used identical sign indicating number sequences, with+1 ,+1} modulates two pilot signals of first antenna, with+1, two pilot signals of second antenna of-1} modulation.
Acting as of described pilot tone provides channel estimating and/or channel quality measurement and/or synchronous.
The pilot multiplex method of the multiple transmit antennas of another different user emitting antenna combination provided by the invention comprises:
A is the identical frequency resource of allocation of pilots of at least one antenna separately of at least two users sending of synchronization;
B is the different CAZAC sign indicating number sequence of each antenna assignment of at least one antenna separately of described user.
Described different CAZAC sign indicating number sequence is the different cycles shift sequence of same CAZAC sign indicating number sequence on time domain.
Described different CAZAC sign indicating number sequence is different zadoff-chu sequence.
As a plurality of available time-division during pilot signal, carry out identical or different resource allocation between a plurality of pilot signals of each antenna.
As two available time-divisions during pilot signal, two pilot signals of each antenna are used identical sign indicating number sequences, with+1 ,+1} modulates two pilot signals of first antenna, with+1, two pilot signals of second antenna of-1} modulation.
Acting as of described pilot tone provides channel estimating and/or channel quality measurement and/or synchronous.
The pilot multiplex method of multiple transmit antennas in the another kind of wireless communication system provided by the invention comprises:
A is the identical frequency resource of the allocation of pilots of at least two antennas;
B is the different CAZAC sign indicating number sequence of the allocation of pilots of described antenna, and the code word on the frequency domain of the pilot tone of the different antennae in described at least two antennas adopts blocking by the thorough general sequence GCL sequence of different broad sense classes of same zadoff-chu sequence generation or GCL sequence.
Described GCL sequence by
C (k)=a (k) b (k mod m), k=0,1 ..., N-1. obtains, and distributes to { b (the k) } mutually orthogonal among { c (k) } of different antennae, and m＞1.
The transmitting terminal of described multiple transmit antennas is at least two transmitting antennas of a sector.
The transmitting terminal of described multiple transmit antennas is at least two sectors of a base station.
It is relevant that receiving terminal receives the pilot signal line slip of going forward side by side.
The transmitting terminal of described multiple transmit antennas has at least two transmitting antennas to adopt described method, and other antenna can frequency division, the time-division.
Correspondingly, the invention provides a kind of wireless communication system identical or the respective specific technical characterictic that has, comprising:
The frequency resource allocation unit is used to the identical frequency resource of at least two antenna assignment of transmitting terminal;
Sign indicating number sequence allocation unit is used to the different normal amplitude zero auto-correlation CAZAC sign indicating number sequence of allocation of pilots of each antenna at least two antennas of transmitting terminal;
The pilot tone transmitting element is used to use different CAZAC sign indicating number sequence pilot signal transmitteds;
Receiving element is used to receive described pilot signal.
Described antenna is the transmitting antenna of same user or sector.
Described antenna is the combination of the transmitting antenna of different user.
Described antenna is the transmitting antenna of the different sectors of same base station.
Code word on the frequency domain of the pilot tone of the different antennae in described at least two antennas adopts blocking by the different GCL sequence of same zadoff-chu sequence generation or GCL sequence.
Described different CAZAC sign indicating number sequence is the different cycles shift sequence of same CAZAC sign indicating number sequence on time domain.
Described different CAZAC sign indicating number sequence is different zadoff-chu sequence.
The correlation reception of sliding of described receiving terminal.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
Pilot multiplex method provided by the invention adopts the method for FDMA+CDM that user's different antennae is distinguished with different sign indicating number sequences respectively with the wireless communication system that adopts described method.Make different antennae can take a frequency resource jointly, the FDMA+FDM mode has been saved a frequency resource relatively, can allow other user to utilize this resource to insert.Between antenna, adopt the mode of CDM, not only saved frequency resource, and since the antenna of a plurality of yards branches from same user, its synchronously and power all be easy to control, be subjected to the influence of near-far interference hardly, can satisfy the requirement of correlation reception, guarantee final properties.Further, the pilot frequency multiplexing mode that sign indicating number divides between this up user's multiple transmit antennas can be generalized on the multiplex mode of down public guide frequency of a plurality of sectors of a base station.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is existing many antennas FDMA+FDM pilot frequency multiplexing mode schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the subcarrier allocation schematic diagram of pilot signal;
Fig. 3 to Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram of explanation pilot multiplex method of the present invention;
Figure 10 is a wireless communication system architecture exemplary plot of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the specific embodiment of the present invention is elaborated.
In up link, because mobile station equipment need reduce cost and power consumption, the transmitting power of wishing is as far as possible in the range of linearity of power amplifier, the waveform that just transmits has the ratio of lower peak value and average power, the permanent amplitude characteristic that this just feasible pilot signal that sends also will have time domain waveform.Because multi-transceiver technology itself has higher peak-to-average force ratio, therefore will consider other radiation pattern usually, as radiation pattern based on single-carrier technology.
Under the radiation pattern based on single-carrier technology, pilot tone and data-signal are normally time-multiplexed, and a plurality of time symbols are promptly arranged in a transmission unit, and pilot tone independently sends in the time symbol at one, rather than are mixed in the symbol with data and send.The design of frequency pilot sign is relatively independent in this case, can adopt the radiation pattern identical or different with data symbol.For pilot tone and data is not time-multiplexed situation, and such as the situation that frequency division and sign indicating number divide, following pilot design principle also is same being suitable for, and therefore following design to frequency pilot sign has nothing to do with the send mode of data symbol.
Fig. 2 is the subcarrier allocation schematic diagram of user's pilot signal.As shown in Figure 2, suppose that current system bandwidth is Bs, be quantified as N subcarrier, be expressed as (Bs, N).With the uplink direction is example, and promptly user's (travelling carriage) is to base stations transmit pilot signals.
At first in the starting stage, system be each user pilot frequency distribution nonoverlapping frequency resource.Distribution method has multiple mode, as will concentrate on a certain frequency band Bc (continuous M among the Bc≤Bs) (and M≤N) individual subcarrier allocation is given a user, be expressed as (Bc, M).This mode is called centralized (Localized) sub-carrier distribution manner.
Another kind of mode is that (K≤N) individual subcarrier allocation is given a user, is expressed as that (Bs K), is called distributing (Distributed) sub-carrier distribution manner with being dispersed in discontinuous K on the system bandwidth.
Also having a kind of mode is that (mode of the subcarrier in the Bx＜Bs) to disperse, promptly discontinuous L subcarrier allocation be to a user, is expressed as that (Bx L), is called hybrid sub-carrier distribution manner with being limited in a certain bandwidth B x.
Disperse the mode of allocation of subcarriers to be exemplified as equally spaced subcarrier mode in the drawings, this is to consider for the low peak average ratio that transmits, and under the prerequisite that reduces this restriction, also can be the mode of unequal interval.The resource occupying method of different user can be identical a kind of mode simultaneously, also can have different modes separately, be centralized distribution pattern as user A, and user B is a mixed ways of distribution etc.
The user is known the method for this assignment information, can be by the base station at the current signaling that issues, and also can be the distributing on last stage of communication, also can be user's characteristic and classification (as priority, position etc.) given tacit consent to.Pilot multiplex method of the present invention can have multiple different form to realize purpose of the present invention, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the specific embodiment of the present invention is elaborated.
Fig. 3 to Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram of explanation pilot multiplex method of the present invention.In an embodiment of pilot multiplex method of the present invention, be example with multi-user's multiple transmit antennas, the frequency resource of at least two users' that send for synchronization pilot frequency distribution non-overlapping copies at first; And be described at least two users' same user's the identical frequency resource of allocation of pilots of at least two antennas; The pilot signal of each antenna at least two antennas of described at least two users' same user uses different CAZAC (normal amplitude zero auto-correlation) sign indicating number sequence to send.CAZAC sign indicating number sequence wherein is the cycle shift sequence of the CAZAC sign indicating number sequence on the time domain, and displacement length is more than or equal to zero.CAZAC sign indicating number sequence is the zadoff-chu sequence.Carry out frequency division multiplexing and/or time-multiplexed multi-access mode between the user.When a plurality of available time-division being arranged during pilot signal in each time transmission unit, carry out identical or different resource allocation between a plurality of pilot signals of each antenna.When being arranged during pilot signal two available time-divisions in each time transmission unit, two pilot signals of each antenna are used identical sign indicating number sequence, with {+1 ,+1} modulates two pilot signals of first antenna, with+1, two pilot signals of second antenna of-1} modulation.Describe in detail below.
Fig. 3 is the multiplexing schematic diagram of same user's multi-antenna pilot in the pilot multiplex method of the present invention.As shown in Figure 3, the CDM pilot frequency multiplexing situation with double antenna is an example in the present embodiment.In the pilot multiplex method of the present invention, the pilot signal frequency division multiplexing of different user, user's pilot tone can take distributing (Distributed) subcarrier, or centralized (Localized) subcarrier, or hybrid subcarrier.For a certain user, different antennae is taken the identical time and frequency resource is launched, two antennas have taken identical frequency resource.At user side, for the pilot tone that sends on different antennae can be distinguished by the base station, the antenna 1 of user A and antenna 2 are distinguished with different sign indicating number sequence a and a sign indicating number sequence b respectively, and take the identical time and frequency resource is launched.
Above-mentioned sequence must have good auto-correlation and their cross correlation preferably, and this sequence all is known to transmitting-receiving two-end.The assignment information of the sign indicating number sequence here can be by the base station at the current signaling that issues, and also can be the distributing on last stage of communication, also can be that the user is just distributed in access network.The assignment information of this assignment information and above-mentioned user's frequency also can issue simultaneously.
Be used to distinguish the sign indicating number sequence a of antenna and a sign indicating number sequence b in this example and must have good auto-correlation and their cross correlation preferably, and all be known transmitting-receiving two-end.Pilot multiplex method of the present invention has certain requirement to the sign indicating number sequence that adopts, usually select a kind of sequence with CAZAC characteristic, it is normal amplitude zero autocorrelation sequence, the amplitude of the time domain waveform of this sequence is a constant, and autocorrelation is very good, it also has the smooth characteristic of frequency domain simultaneously, is suitable as very much pilot tone or synchronizing sequence.The CAZAC sequence of representative have zadoff-chu sequence and the thorough general sequence of broad sense class (they are defined as follows for Generalized chirp-like polyphase, GCL) sequence etc.:
The zadoff-chu sequence:
a ( k ) = W N k ( k + N mod 2 ) / 2 + qk , k = 0,1 , . . . , N - 1 , - - - ( 1 )
W wherein N=exp (j2 π r/N), and r is the number relatively prime with N, q are integers arbitrarily.This sequence has following characteristic:
The ■ amplitude is a constant value
■ autocorrelation null cycle
The ■ frequency domain response is smooth
■ cross-correlation amplitude is a constant and very low, as long as r and N are relatively prime
As above CAZAC characteristic just, when N was a prime number, the zadoff-chu sequence that satisfies the CAZAC characteristic just had N-1.
The GCL sequence:
c(k)＝a(k)b(k?mod?m)，k＝0，1，...，N-1. (2)
N=sm wherein 2, s and m are positive integers, and { b (k) } is " modulation " sequence, and its a m element all is that mould is 1 plural number, as the DFT sequence, b i ( k ) = W m ik , i , k = 0,1 , . . . , m - 1 . And { a (k) } in (2) is special " carrier wave " sequence, the zadoff-Chu sequence of just above-mentioned (1) definition.
{ b (k) } can also be Hadamard (Hadarmard) sequence, promptly is the row of hadamard matrix.The hadamard matrix H on m rank m, be the matrix on m * m rank, the entry of a matrix element is formed by 1 and-1, satisfies H mH m T=mI.Wherein I is a unit matrix, the transposition of T representing matrix.For m=2 n, n is a positive integer, then Hadamard sequences is
b i ( k ) = ( - 1 ) Σ l = 0 m - 1 i l · k l , i , k = 0,1 , . . . , m - 1
Wherein, i l, k lBe i, the l position bit of the binary representation of the m bit long of k.
The GCL sequence all has desirable cycle autocorrelation arbitrarily.If two GCL sequence c x(k) and c y(k) be by same zadoff-Chu sequence { a (k) }, but by different sequence { b xAnd { b (k) } y(k) } modulation generates, these two GCL sequences quadrature but also have segment zero cross correlation not only so, and fragment length is sm-1.And the segment that corresponding two length of these two GCL sequences are m is a mutually orthogonal.Therefore, two above-mentioned GCL sequence modulation are at frequency domain, the orthogonality that any length of frequency domain has smaller or equal to the segment of m.GCL sequence by same zadoff-Chu sequence generates can be modulated on the different antennas.It is that the slip of m is relevant that receiver adopts length at frequency domain, can the signal of different antennae be separated, and carries out the channel estimating of each antenna again.
General, to different i, b i(k) if quadrature, the GCL sequence of then corresponding different i can be distributed to different antennas.Concrete, can adopt the mode of directly pilot frequency sequence being modulated at frequency domain to realize.At first pilot tone is limited in the bandwidth of having distributed, then with the element map in the different GCL sequences on available subcarrier, form time domain waveform by IFFT at last and launch.
In the practical application, can also adopt the sequence of blocking of GCL sequence.
Be example with the zadoff-chu sequence again, length is total N-1 of the sequence one of N when N is taken as prime number.The cycle autocorrelation value of any one sequence is N, and the periodic cross-correlation value of any two sequences is N 1/2Simultaneously arbitrary sequence still has the good period autocorrelation through sequence and former sequence after the cycle shift, still keeps low cross correlation with other sequence.These characteristics make that the application of this sequence is very flexible.When different antennae just adopts the different shift sequence of same sequence, and satisfy the length of displacement greater than the maximum multipath time delay of multipath channel (or gross energy is time delay of 90% maximum diameter or the like), this moment, the pilot frequency sequence of different antennae was a quadrature, receiving terminal utilizes the correlation of sequence can eliminate the interference of other antenna, obtain the very high channel estimation results of precision, this can be used for coherent reception equilibrium and data demodulates; When different antennae adopts different sequences, have lower cross correlation between them, receiving terminal can not be removed the interference of other antenna fully, obtains the poor slightly channel estimation results of precision, the measurement that this can be used for channel condition provides wireless channel to select or select the foundation of transmission band.Concrete, can adopt the mode of directly pilot frequency sequence being modulated at frequency domain to realize as the example of above-mentioned GCL sequence, still keep the CAZAC characteristic through obtaining the zadoff-chu sequence behind the IFFT.Also can directly send the pilot frequency sequence of different antennae, still keep two sequences at the orthogonality of time domain or lower cross correlation by time domain.As on time domain to the sign indicating number sequence carry out repetition, compression is handled, and then adopts the specific phase modulated of user to obtain the pilot signal of user's frequency division.
When the pilot signal of time-division available in each time transmission unit has when a plurality of, each pilot signal can be launched as stated above, and the sign indicating number that also can carry out " associating " between a plurality of pilot signals of each antenna divides resource allocation.With 2 pilot signals and 2 transmit antennas is example, two pilot signals of first antenna are used identical sequence, and with {+1, + 1} modulates, and two pilot signals of second antenna are used the sequence of another and this sequence quadrature or low cross-correlation, and with {+1 ,-1} modulates, as shown in Figure 4.
Being example with time-multiplexed pilot tone inserted mode among the previously described embodiment, mainly is to consider to reduce the peak-to-average force ratio that sends signal for up link, is not limited thereto in the reality.For example under the situation of pilot tone and data frequency division, suppose that even subcarriers is used for transmitting data, it is that the subcarrier of 4 multiple is used for transmitting pilot tone that odd subcarriers is used for transmitting pilot tone or all sequence numbers, etc. analogue.
The pilot frequency multiplexing mode that sign indicating number divides between this up user's multiple transmit antennas can be generalized on the pilot frequency multiplexing of a plurality of transmitting antennas of a sector of a base station, and on the multiplex mode of the down public guide frequency of a plurality of sectors of a base station.
When pilot multiplex method of the present invention was applied on a plurality of transmitting antennas in the sector, the pilot tone of a plurality of antennas of each sector took identical frequency resource, but is to use the CAZAC sign indicating number of mutually orthogonal such as GCL sequence that antenna is distinguished.The multi-antenna multiplexed method of this situation and up user is identical.
Further, when a base station has a plurality of sector, if different sectors pilot tone is used same frequency resource, also can adopt method as above, be that each sector distributes the CAZAC sequence of quadrature,, can obtain the sector frequency re-use factor this moment and be 1 benefit as the GCL sequence etc.
CDM pilot multiplex method of the present invention in addition can also expand to the pilot frequency multiplexing in the virtual MIMO, the basic principle of virtual MIMO technology is the emitting antenna combination of a plurality of different users to be regarded as a plurality of transmitting antennas of a user, and receiving terminal comprehensively receives these users' information.In the embodiment of the pilot multiplex method of the multiple transmit antennas of another different user emitting antenna combination of the present invention, the identical frequency resource of allocation of pilots of at least one antenna separately of at least two users that send for synchronization at first; Each antenna of at least one antenna separately of described at least two users uses different CAZAC sign indicating number sequences to send.Therefore satisfy between the user synchronously and under the prerequisite that requires of power control, utilize method of the present invention that a plurality of users' pilot tone is taken common frequency resource, the pilot tone of different user is used different orthogonal codes, and receiving terminal is still distinguished the user by the correlation of sign indicating number, the comprehensive reception.Two kinds of above-mentioned methods are because the synchronous and power between a plurality of antennas of same sector or between a plurality of sectors of a base station all is easy to control, and because these code lengths are equal, and has good orthogonality, thereby can effectively reduce interference to each other, can not be subjected to the influence of near-far interference.
Multiple transmit antennas described in the present invention only instructs the x time of signal frequently, the emission of its data division can be that single antenna also can be many antennas, and the pilot tone on the different antennae can have different functions, promptly a pilot tone is used for to data division provides coherent demodulation, and another pilot tone provides the channel quality measurement of day line options.
Basic radiation pattern to pilot signal of the present invention describes below.As shown in Figure 5, the sign indicating number sequence source produces or the memory code sequence; Then the sign indicating number sequence is carried out modulation treatment; Launch pilot signal at last.Modulation treatment mode wherein can be frequency domain processing mode or time domain processing mode.Fig. 6 is a frequency domain processing mode schematic diagram, and as shown in Figure 6, { b}'s sign indicating number sequence is shaped through discrete Fourier transform (DFT) (DFT) and frequency domain spectra; Carry out the subcarrier mapping through serial/parallel conversion with by predetermined resource allocation; Then described parallel sign indicating number sequence through mapping is carried out inverse fast fourier transform (IFFT); To be transformed to serial data stream through the parallel data stream of inverse fourier transform again.Fig. 7 is a pilot signal time domain processing mode structural representation.As shown in Figure 7, { the time domain modulation treatment of b} comprises the repeated compression and the phase modulated of the sign indicating number sequence being carried out the time domain compression to the sign indicating number sequence.
With two transmitting antennas is example, at first pilot tone is limited in the bandwidth of having distributed, then with the element map in the sign indicating number sequence on available frequency band, form time domain waveform at last and launch.As shown in Figure 9, with the double antenna is example, at user side, for the pilot tone that sends on different antennae can be distinguished by the base station, different antennas uses different sign indicating number sequences, take identical time and frequency resource and launch, described sequence code has good auto-correlation and their cross correlation preferably, and all is known to transmitting-receiving two-end.Transmitting terminal pilot frequency multiplexing device is an example with the double antenna, comprises serial, is used for the sign indicating number sequence of sign indicating number sequence transformation for walking abreast with serial, to carry out the mapping of subcarrier; And inverse fast fourier transform (IFFT) unit, utilize inverse fast fourier transform (IFFT) principle, rely on ready-made high speed integrated chip to form the transmission waveform.Sign indicating number sequence { a1, a2, a3, the a4 of input, a5} and { b1, b2, b3, b4, b5} becomes the parallel grouping in M road (M=5 in this example) through serial/parallel conversion, carries out the subcarrier mapping by the mode of resource allocation, sends into the emission processing module after inverse fast fourier transform, parallel/serial conversion.Two all right public processing modules of transmitting antenna comprise string and conversion and IFFT etc. in the transmitting terminal pilot frequency multiplexing device of the present invention.The assignment information of above-mentioned sign indicating number can also can be that the user is just distributed in access network in distributing on last stage of communicating by letter also by the base station at the current signaling that issues.The assignment information of this assignment information and above-mentioned user's frequency also can issue simultaneously.
A plurality of transmitting antenna share code sequence sources, frequency processing unit, serial, IFFT unit and the parallel/serial converting unit of pilot multiplex method of the present invention and emission processing unit or part unit or use separately independently sign indicating number sequence source, frequency processing unit, serial, IFFT unit and parallel/serial converting unit and emission processing unit or part unit wherein wherein.
The base station is as receiving terminal, the pilot signal that receives is handled, at first distinguish the user according to frequency band, utilize known pilot frequency sequence and each user's received signal to carry out relevant matches then, because auto-correlation that the sign indicating number sequence that adopts is good and their cross correlation preferably, such operation will be removed the interference of different antennae, thereby obtains the channel estimating on the antenna separately.Fig. 9 is two two receipts antenna receive mode schematic diagrames of sending out.As shown in Figure 9, receiving terminal pilot frequency multiplexing device of the present invention is an example with two two receipts antennas, the recipient may adopt than the more antenna of transmit leg in the reality, but the basic processing principle on each reception antenna is identical, and the frequency division user is according to the frequency separation user; Utilize known pilot frequency sequence and each user's received signal to carry out relevant matches, being correlated with wherein is relevant for sliding; Carry out channel estimation process then.Since the sign indicating number sequence that adopts have good auto-correlation or with their cross correlation preferably, help removing the interference of different antennae, thereby obtain the channel estimating on the antenna separately.
The improvement of systematic function is carried out according to the channel estimating of utilizing pilot tone to obtain in the base station, as utilize the result of channel estimating that data are carried out equilibrium treatment, to reduce the influence of ISI, improve the performance of demodulation, perhaps utilize channel estimating to assess wireless channel, for each user's allocated channel condition good frequency band or antenna, carry out Mulitiple user resource scheduling, so that the throughput maximum of whole system.
Method of the present invention can be applied on the part antenna in a plurality of transmitting antennas.Pilot tone mainly provides channel estimating in the above-described embodiment, but synchronizing function can also be provided when channel estimating is provided, perhaps only as synchronous pilot tone is provided.In order to support more user, between the user, adopt TDMA also to be fine again, therefore pilot multiplex method of the present invention can be the mode of (FDMA+TDMA) user+CDM antenna.For example, in current transmission time unit, adopt as the multiplexing 5M bandwidth of upper type by A, B, three users of C, it is multiplexing that each user carries out the double antenna of pilot tone, and adopted as the multiplexing 5M bandwidth of upper type by D, E, three users of F in the next transmission time unit, and it is multiplexing that each user carries out the double antenna of pilot tone, and the like, behind some cycles, promptly behind several transmission time unit, user A, B, C send pilot tone once more.
Figure 10 is a wireless communication system architecture schematic diagram of the present invention.As shown in figure 10, wireless communication system of the present invention comprises: the frequency resource allocation unit is used to the identical frequency resource of at least two antenna assignment of transmitting terminal; Sign indicating number sequence allocation unit is used to different CAZAC (normal amplitude zero auto-correlation) the sign indicating number sequence of allocation of pilots of each antenna at least two antennas of transmitting terminal; The pilot tone transmitting element is used to use different CAZAC sign indicating number sequence pilot signal transmitteds; Receiving element is used to receive described pilot signal.Wherein said antenna can be the transmitting antenna of same user or sector; It can also be the combination of the transmitting antenna of different user; It can also be the transmitting antenna of the different sectors of same base station.The pilot frequency sequence of the different antennae at least two antennas of user can be the code word on the frequency domain, by the different GCL sequence of same zadoff-chu sequence generation or blocking of GCL sequence; Also can be by the different cycles shift sequence of same CAZAC sign indicating number sequence on time domain; It can also be different zadoff-chu sequences.Receiving element is received as slip correlation reception to pilot signal.
Though described the present invention by execution mode, those of ordinary skills know, the present invention has many distortion and variation and do not break away from spirit of the present invention, and all drops in the protection range of claims of the present invention.

Claims (26)

1、一种多用户多发射天线的导频复用方法，包括：1. A pilot multiplexing method for multi-user multi-transmission antennas, comprising: a为同一时刻发送的至少两个用户的导频信号分配互不重叠的频率资源；a. Allocate non-overlapping frequency resources for the pilot signals of at least two users sent at the same time; b为同一用户的至少两个天线的导频信号分配相同的频率资源；b allocating the same frequency resources for the pilot signals of at least two antennas of the same user; c为所述同一用户的至少两个天线中的各个天线的导频信号分配不同的常幅度零自相关CAZAC码序列。c. Allocating different constant amplitude zero autocorrelation CAZAC code sequences to the pilot signals of the at least two antennas of the same user. 2、如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：所述不同的CAZAC码序列为同一个CAZAC码序列在时域上的不同周期移位序列。2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the different CAZAC code sequences are different periodic shift sequences of the same CAZAC code sequence in the time domain. 3、如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：所述不同的CAZAC码序列为不同的扎道夫-初zadoff-chu序列。3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the different CAZAC code sequences are different Zadoff-chu sequences. 4、如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：当有多个可用的时分导频信号时，每个天线的多个导频信号之间进行相同或不同的资源分配。4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: when there are multiple available time-division pilot signals, the same or different resource allocation is performed among the multiple pilot signals of each antenna. 5、如权利要求2、3或4所述的方法，其特征在于：当有两个可用的时分导频信号时，每个天线的两个导频信号使用相同的码序列，用{+1，+1}调制第一个天线的两个导频信号，用{+1，-1}调制第二根天线的两个导频信号。5. The method according to claim 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that: when there are two available time-division pilot signals, the two pilot signals of each antenna use the same code sequence, and use {+1 , +1} modulates the two pilot signals of the first antenna, and {+1, -1} modulates the two pilot signals of the second antenna. 6、如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：所述的导频的作用为提供信道估计和/或信道质量测量和/或同步。6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the role of the pilot is to provide channel estimation and/or channel quality measurement and/or synchronization. 7、一种不同用户发射天线组合的多发射天线的导频复用方法，包括：7. A pilot multiplexing method for multiple transmit antennas with different user transmit antenna combinations, comprising: a为同一时刻发送的至少两个用户的各自至少一个天线的导频信号分配相同的频率资源；a. Allocating the same frequency resources for the pilot signals of at least one antenna of at least two users sent at the same time; b为所述用户的各自至少一个天线的每个天线分配不同的CAZAC码序列。b. Allocating a different CAZAC code sequence to each of the respective at least one antenna of the user. 8、如权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于：所述不同的CAZAC码序列为同一个CAZAC码序列在时域上的不同周期移位序列。8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the different CAZAC code sequences are different periodic shift sequences of the same CAZAC code sequence in the time domain. 9、如权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于：所述不同的CAZAC码序列为不同的zadoff-chu序列。9. The method according to claim 7, wherein the different CAZAC code sequences are different zadoff-chu sequences. 10、如权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于：当有多个可用的时分导频信号时，每个天线的多个导频信号之间进行相同或不同的资源分配。10. The method according to claim 7, wherein when there are multiple available time-division pilot signals, the multiple pilot signals of each antenna are allocated the same or different resources. 11、如权利要求8、9或10所述的方法，其特征在于：当有两个可用的时分导频信号时，每个天线的两个导频信号使用相同的码序列，用{+1，+1}调制第一个天线的两个导频信号，用{+1，-1}调制第二根天线的两个导频信号。11. The method according to claim 8, 9 or 10, characterized in that: when there are two available time-division pilot signals, the two pilot signals of each antenna use the same code sequence, and use {+1 , +1} modulates the two pilot signals of the first antenna, and {+1, -1} modulates the two pilot signals of the second antenna. 12、如权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于：所述的导频的作用为提供信道估计和/或信道质量测量和/或同步。12. The method according to claim 7, wherein the role of the pilot is to provide channel estimation and/or channel quality measurement and/or synchronization. 13、一种无线通信系统中多发射天线的导频复用方法，包括：13. A pilot multiplexing method for multiple transmit antennas in a wireless communication system, comprising: a为至少两个天线的导频信号分配相同的频率资源；a Allocating the same frequency resources for the pilot signals of at least two antennas; b为所述天线的导频信号分配不同的CAZAC码序列，所述至少两个天线中的不同天线的导频的频域上的码字采用由同一个zadoff-chu序列生成的不同的广义类彻普序列GCL序列或者GCL序列的截断。b Assign different CAZAC code sequences to the pilot signals of the antennas, and the codewords in the frequency domain of the pilot signals of different antennas in the at least two antennas use different generalized classes generated by the same zadoff-chu sequence Chip sequence GCL sequence or truncation of GCL sequence. 14、如权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于：所述GCL序列由14. The method of claim 13, wherein the GCL sequence consists of c(k)＝a(k)b(k mod m)，k＝0，1，...，N-1.得到，分配给不同天线的{c(k)}中的{b(k)}互相正交，并且m＞1。c(k)=a(k)b(k mod m), k=0, 1,..., N-1. Get, {b(k) in {c(k)} assigned to different antennas } are mutually orthogonal, and m>1. 15、如权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于：所述多发射天线的发射端为一个扇区的至少两个发射天线。15. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that: the transmitting ends of the multiple transmitting antennas are at least two transmitting antennas of a sector. 16、如权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于：所述多发射天线的发射端为一个基站的至少两个扇区。16. The method according to claim 13, wherein the transmitting ends of the multiple transmitting antennas are at least two sectors of a base station. 17、如权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于还包括：接收端接收导频信号并进行滑动相关。17. The method according to claim 13, further comprising: receiving the pilot signal at the receiving end and performing sliding correlation. 18、如权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于：所述的多发射天线的发射端至少有两个发射天线采用所述的方法，其它天线可以频分、时分。18. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that at least two transmitting antennas at the transmitting end of the multiple transmitting antennas adopt the method, and other antennas can be frequency-divided and time-divided. 19、一种无线通信系统，包括：19. A wireless communication system comprising: 频率资源分配单元，用于为发送端的至少两个天线分配相同的频率资源；a frequency resource allocation unit, configured to allocate the same frequency resource to at least two antennas of the transmitting end; 码序列分配单元，用于为发送端的至少两个天线中的各个天线的导频信号分配不同的常幅度零自相关CAZAC码序列；A code sequence allocation unit, configured to allocate different constant amplitude zero autocorrelation CAZAC code sequences for the pilot signals of each antenna in the at least two antennas of the transmitting end; 导频发送单元，用于使用不同的CAZAC码序列发送导频信号；a pilot sending unit, configured to use different CAZAC code sequences to send pilot signals; 接收单元，用于接收所述导频信号。The receiving unit is configured to receive the pilot signal. 20、如权利要求19所述的系统，其特征在于：所述天线为同一用户或扇区的发射天线。20. The system of claim 19, wherein the antennas are transmit antennas of the same user or sector. 21、如权利要求19所述的系统，其特征在于：所述天线为不同用户的发射天线的组合。21. The system of claim 19, wherein the antennas are a combination of transmitting antennas of different users. 22、如权利要求19所述的系统，其特征在于：所述天线为同一个基站的不同扇区的发射天线。22. The system according to claim 19, wherein the antennas are transmitting antennas of different sectors of the same base station. 23、如权利要求19所述的系统，其特征在于：所述至少两个天线中的不同天线的导频的频域上的码字采用由同一个zadoff-chu序列生成的不同的GCL序列或者GCL序列的截断。23. The system according to claim 19, wherein the codewords in the frequency domain of the pilots of different antennas among the at least two antennas use different GCL sequences generated by the same zadoff-chu sequence or Truncation of the GCL sequence. 24、如权利要求19所述的系统，其特征在于：所述不同的CAZAC码序列为同一个CAZAC码序列在时域上的不同周期移位序列。24. The system according to claim 19, wherein the different CAZAC code sequences are different periodic shift sequences of the same CAZAC code sequence in the time domain. 25、如权利要求19所述的系统，其特征在于：所述不同的CAZAC码序列为不同的zadoff-chu序列。25. The system according to claim 19, wherein said different CAZAC code sequences are different zadoff-chu sequences. 26、如权利要求19所述的系统，其特征在于：所述接收端进行滑动相关接收。26. The system according to claim 19, characterized in that the receiving end performs sliding correlation reception.
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