CN101064542B - MIMO OFDML aunching aerial selection and self-adapting modulation approach of system - Google Patents

MIMO OFDML aunching aerial selection and self-adapting modulation approach of system Download PDF

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CN101064542B
CN101064542B CN2006100751881A CN200610075188A CN101064542B CN 101064542 B CN101064542 B CN 101064542B CN 2006100751881 A CN2006100751881 A CN 2006100751881A CN 200610075188 A CN200610075188 A CN 200610075188A CN 101064542 B CN101064542 B CN 101064542B
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modulation system
combination
antenna
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bit
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CN101064542A (en
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蒋小奎
王衍文
王强
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ZTE Corp
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0602Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using antenna switching
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0002Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the transmission rate
    • H04L1/0003Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the transmission rate by switching between different modulation schemes

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Abstract

The invention discloses an emitting antenna selecting and self adapting modulating method in MIMO OFDM system, (1) calculating error bit rate of all emitting antenna combination and modulation mode; (2) aiming at the superlative degree modulation mode, if the maximum error bit rate is less than target error bit rate, selecting combination of minimum antenna; (3) aiming at the lowest degree modulation mode, if the minimum error bit rate is more than target error bit rate, then it ends; (4) the modulation mode is set to the superlative degree modulation mode, calculating average error bit rate of all emitting antenna combination; (5) if there is error bit rate which is less than target error bit rate, then turns to step (6), otherwise turns to step (7); (6) selecting combination with minimum antennas in all antenna combinations whose average error bit rate is less than the target error bit rate; (7) decreasing the modulation class, calculating the average error bit rate of all antenna combinations, and turns to step (5). The invention realizes selection of emitting antenna and bit distribution.

Description

Emitting antenna selecting and self-adaptive modulation method in the MIMO ofdm system
Technical field
The present invention relates to OFDM (OFDM) wireless communication system of a kind of multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO), relate in particular to a kind of method that in the MIMO ofdm system, realizes emitting antenna selecting and Adaptive Modulation.
Background technology
Along with development of wireless communication devices, the user has proposed higher requirement for large-capacity data emission and fast data transmission, therefore, need effectively utilize the wireless communication system resource, improves the performance and the efficient of wireless communication system.Yet in the mobile communication system in future, multipath fading and bandwidth efficiency will be to hinder the major technique factor that communication system is greatly developed.How overcoming this two big difficulty, is the core of next generation wireless communication research.Multicarrier treatment technology based on OFDM (OFDM) can be by being converted into flat channel with the frequency selectivity multidiameter fading channel in frequency domain, thereby reduced the influence of multipath fading, and multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) technology can increase the spectrum utilization efficiency of system under the condition that does not increase system bandwidth, so OFDM and MIMO technology will become the core of physical layer process in the next generation wireless communication system.Further, the MIMO ofdm system that MIMO and OFDM technology are combined just can make full use of Radio Resource in time domain, frequency domain and spatial domain, and reaches stronger reliability and very high transmission rate by diversity.
In the MIMO ofdm system, base station and user side have all disposed many antennas, each transmitting antenna and every reception antenna just can be corresponding to channels, like this, in the mimo system operating process, because the characteristic that changes unpredictably of wireless channel, make that each channel in the mimo system is not to obtain higher signal noise ratio (SNR), therefore, have only, could obtain the higher reliability and the hardware cost of reduction by utilizing the channel status good channel.It line options is a kind of technology of low-cost low complex degree, and it is selected an antenna subset, thereby obtain certain gain according to certain strategy from many transmit antennas or reception antenna.Its theoretical foundation is, in the mimo system of space diversity, the information of all antennas emissions is identical, in order to make the diversity gain maximization can utilize best several of channel status in all transmitting antennas, transmits from these several antennas.
In spatial diversity system, the criterion of day line options foundation has two kinds usually: one is based on the maximized criterion of receiving terminal signal to noise ratio, selects minimum several of decline from many antennas; Two are based on the minimized criterion of channel average error bit rate.
In the Chinese patent CN 1578192 (publication number) " transmission diversity apparatus in the mobile communication system and method " of application on July 8th, 2004, just a kind of emitting antenna selecting method has been described according to first kind of criterion.Receiver calculates the signal to noise ratio (snr) of the forward channel relevant with every transmit antennas to carry out the BLAST decoding from the received signal of many reception antennas, to determine the channel characteristics of the forward channel of every transmit antennas correspondence in many transmit antennas.And with this channel status feature as the selection feedback information of transmitting antenna to transmitter, by transmitter according to this Information Selection state preferably transmitting antenna come the transmitting business signal.But, do not illustrate in this patent and judge the foundation of selecting several transmit antennas.
At IEEE International Conference on Communications 2002, announced the paper that is entitled as " Statistical MIMO Antenna Sub-Set Selection with Space-Time Coding " that Gore D and Paulraj A write on the first volume 641~645 page numbers of ICC 2002, in this piece paper, described a kind of antenna selecting method based on second kind of criterion.But this method is just at mimo system, and the hypothesis mimo channel has the characteristics of flat fading, is not suitable for the MIMO ofdm system with frequency selective fading channels characteristic.
In addition, in wireless communication system, how improving the utilization ratio of limited frequency spectrum resource, also is a very important problem.Variation adaptively modifying modulation system according to channel can improve systematically transmission rate to greatest extent, thereby improves spectrum efficiency effectively.So-called Adaptive Modulation is exactly according to channel variance situation, distributes different transmitted bit numbers and distribute corresponding transmitted power on different sub carrier.At present, realize that in ofdm system the method for Adaptive Modulation is a lot, also have many difficulties in the MIMO ofdm system but will be grafted directly to.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide emitting antenna selecting and self-adaptive modulation method in a kind of multi-input multi-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system, to determine emitting antenna combination and modulation system adaptively, the message transmission rate of raising system and the spectrum utilization efficiency of system make full use of the resource of wireless system.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides and a kind of in multi-input multi-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system, the associating realize emitting antenna selecting and self-adaptive modulation method, comprise the steps:
(1) according to the signal to noise ratio of all subcarrier respective channels, calculates the bit error rate under all possible emitting antenna combination and all possible modulation system;
(2) at the modulation system of highest level, if maximum bit error rate is less than target bit, then all subcarriers all select for use this modulation system as final modulation system, and select the minimum combination of antennas of number of transmit antennas as final antenna match, finish then; Otherwise change step (3) over to;
(3),, directly finish if minimum bit error rate is not then carried out emitting antenna selecting and Adaptive Modulation greater than target bit at other modulation system of lowermost level; Otherwise change step (4) over to;
(4) modulation system with all subcarriers all is set to high modulation rank, utilize the bit error rate of all subcarrier correspondences under this modulation system of calculating in the step (1), calculate in all possible transmission antenna group under this modulation system and be combined in average error bit rate on each subcarrier;
(5) if having in all average error bit rate and be lower than target bit, then change step (6) over to; If no, then change step (7) over to;
(6) be lower than in the pairing emitting antenna combination of average error bit rate of target bit at all, select the number of antennas combination of minimum, and the modulation system of selecting current setting for use finishes then as final modulation system as final antenna configurations;
(7) modulation levels of all subcarriers is turned down a rank, utilize the bit error rate of all subcarrier correspondences under this modulation system of calculating in the step (1), calculating is in the average error bit rate of all possible combination of antennas on each subcarrier under this modulation system, and changes step (5) once more over to.
Wherein, in the described step (2), the minimum combination of antennas of described selection number of transmit antennas is as the step of final antenna match, and is a plurality of if the number of transmit antennas combination of minimum has, and then selects the combination of wherein corresponding bit error rate minimum as final antenna configurations.
Wherein, in the described step (6), the minimum combination of antennas of described selection number of transmit antennas is as the step of final antenna match, and is a plurality of if the number of transmit antennas combination of minimum has, and then selects the combination of wherein corresponding average error bit rate minimum as final antenna configurations.
The method that in multi-user's multi-input multi-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system, realizes emitting antenna selecting of the present invention, utilize that transmission rate is the highest, average error bit rate is minimum and antenna number is minimum is the judgement foundation, can be very naturally in conjunction with the Adaptive Modulation of ofdm system and the emitting antenna selecting technology in the mimo system, according to the channel variance situation in the MIMO ofdm system, realize emitting antenna selecting and Bit Allocation in Discrete adaptively.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet according to emitting antenna selecting and Adaptive Modulation in the described realization of the embodiments of the invention MIMO ofdm system.
Embodiment
Suppose that the MIMO ofdm system has disposed N TTransmit antennas and N RThe root reception antenna can have altogether to certain user and distribute C subcarrier.Below according to the flow process according to the method for the invention realization emitting antenna selecting shown in Figure 1, with N T=4 for example describes the use of this method, and this flow process comprises following step:
Step 101: according to the signal to noise ratio of all subcarrier respective channels, calculate all possible antenna configurations situation and the bit error rate under might modulation system, wherein, the modulation system that system adopts may be BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM.At N TUnder=4 situations, the call number of its antenna is designated as 1 respectively, 2,3,4, for convenience, all transmission antenna group are share a S set represent (because just carry out the selection of transmitting antenna, therefore when describing combination of antennas, just at transmitting antenna), be S={ (1), (2), (3), (4), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (2,3), (2,4), (3,4), (1,2,3), (1,2,4), (2,3,4), (1,2,3,4) }, S set comprises 14 elements, and the description of above-mentioned S is followed in the definition of these 14 elements and the strictness that puts in order, its element is index of reference q=1 respectively, and 2,3..., 14 represent.Wherein q=1 represents just to utilize the 1st transmit antennas to launch, and is described as (1) in set; Q=2 represents that system just selects for use the 2nd antenna to launch, and is described as (2) in set; The rest may be inferred for the implication of other combinations.And the number of transmit antennas in the q kind emitting antenna combination is K to the maximum.Like this, the modulation system that each subcarrier may be supported has 4 kinds, and possible antenna configurations mode has 14 kinds, if system assignment is given a user C subcarrier, then need to calculate 4 * 14 * C bit error rate altogether, need to store after these bit error rate estimations are finished.
Describe the evaluation method of bit error rate below in detail.The modulation system of supposing all subcarriers employings is all identical, and promptly the bit number of the distribution on all subcarriers is identical, all is b c, according to above-mentioned hypothesis, b for modulation system c{ 0,1,2,4, any among the 6} corresponds respectively to not modulation systems such as allocation bit, BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM to possible value, and for for simplicity, present embodiment is index of reference M=0 respectively, and 1,2,3,4 represent for set.Make P K, M, cRepresent that C subcarrier is combined in signal to noise ratio γ in modulation system M, a k transmission antenna group cOn bit error rate.Because the frequency selective fading characteristic causes the signal to noise ratio on each subcarrier of system different, the signal to noise ratio of each subcarrier correspondence is estimated according to formula (1) and (2).Wherein, H C, n, k(ω) expression n (n=1,2 ..., N R) root reception antenna and k (k=1,2 ..., K) between the transmit antennas at the frequency domain impulse response of C subcarrier lower channel, π cBe the transmitting power of distributing on the respective sub, α C, nRepresent the weighted factor on C subcarrier on each reception antenna, and
Figure B2006100751881D00051
The expression average noise power.Bit error rate under the BPSK modulation system can estimate according to formula (3), and the bit error rate of QPSK, 16OAM 64OAM correspondence can estimate according to formula (4),
Figure B2006100751881D00052
+ α c , 2 · { H c , 2,1 ( ω ) + H c , 2,2 ( ω ) + . . . + H c , 2 , K ( ω ) }
+ . . .
+ α c , N R · { H c , N R , 1 ( ω ) + H c , N R , 2 ( ω ) + . . . + H c , N R , K ( ω ) } Formula (2)
P k , 1 , c ( γ c ) = Q ( 2 γ c ) Formula (3)
P k , M , c ( γ c ) = 4 ( 1 - 1 M m ) · Q ( 3 γ c M m - 1 ) · [ 1 - ( 1 - 1 M m ) · Q ( 3 γ c M m - 1 ) ] Formula (4)
In formula (4), M=2, in the time of 3,4, M mValue is 4,16,64 respectively.In addition, Q (x) represents integral function, as the formula (5):
Q ( x ) = 1 2 π ∫ x + ∞ exp { - x 2 2 } dx Formula (5)
Step 102: at the 64QAM modulation system, all subcarriers that calculate in the determining step 101 are in maximum bit error rate under all possible combination of antennas and the size between the target bit.If the maximum bit error rate of all subcarriers under all possible combination of antennas of calculating in the step 101 is also littler than target bit, then enters step 103, otherwise change step 104 over to.
In step 103, directly carry out emitting antenna selecting according to the comparative result in the step 102, all subcarriers all are set to the 64QAM modulation system, select the minimum the sort of combination of antennas of bit error rate minimum and number of transmit antennas simultaneously, finish then as final transmitting antenna configuration.
Step 104: at the BPSK modulation system, all subcarriers that calculate in the determining step 101 are in minimum bit error rate under all possible combination of antennas and the size between the target bit, if the minimum bit error rate of all subcarriers under all possible combination of antennas that calculates in the step 101 is greater than target bit, then change step 105 over to, otherwise change step 106 over to.In step 105,,, therefore directly finish to such an extent as to can't transmit any information because this moment, channel condition was too abominable.
Step 106: the modulation system of all subcarriers all is set to 64QAM, and promptly the bit number that distributes on all subcarriers all is b c=6, this moment M=4.
Step 107: utilize the bit error rate of all subcarrier correspondences under the 64QAM modulation system of estimating in the step 101, calculate in the average error bit rate of all possible antenna configurations on each subcarrier under the 64QAM modulation system, promptly
P ‾ k , M = Σ c = 1 C b c P k , M , c Σ c = 1 C b c = Σ c = 1 C P k , M , c C Formula (6)
Step 108: the magnitude relationship of all average error bit rate and target bit relatively, be lower than target bit if having in all average error bit rate, then change step 109 over to; If do not have this possibility, then change step 110 over to.
Step 109: select all possible antenna configurations situation and the corresponding bit error rate thereof that are lower than target bit in the average error bit rate, the sort of emitting antenna combination that wherein number of antennas is minimum and average error bit rate is minimum as final antenna configurations, is finished then.
Step 110: the modulation of all subcarriers is reduced a rank, promptly get M=M-1.
Step 111: if this moment M ≠ 0, then change step 107 over to, so circulation continues above-mentioned operation, the bit number that distributes on all subcarriers is 0; If M=0 can not support lowest modulation rank BPSK to such an extent as to represent then that present channel condition is too poor, can't transmit any information, therefore directly end.
The present invention has fully utilized transmission bit error rate minimum and minimum these three distinguishing rules of number of transmit antennas, unites emitting antenna selecting and the adaptive bit realized in the MIMO ofdm system and distributes.In specific embodiment, just for number of transmit antennas be 4 example, just the same more than the processing mode under the 4 transmit antennas situations certainly, just along with the increasing of number of antennas, amount of calculation has increased.
Certainly; embodiment provided by the invention is just for the method that realizes self adaptation emitting antenna selecting and Adaptive Modulation in the MIMO ofdm system that provides according to content of the present invention at large is provided; thereby all be exemplary execution mode; it can not be regarded as for restriction of the present invention; and every conspicuous modification within aim of the present invention is also due within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. in multi-input multi-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system, unite realization emitting antenna selecting and self-adaptive modulation method for one kind, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
(1) according to the signal to noise ratio of all subcarrier respective channels, calculates the bit error rate under all possible emitting antenna combination and all possible modulation system;
(2) at the modulation system of highest level, if maximum bit error rate is less than target bit, then all subcarriers all select for use this modulation system as final modulation system, and select the minimum combination of antennas of number of transmit antennas as final antenna match, finish then; Otherwise change step (3) over to;
(3),, directly finish if minimum bit error rate is not then carried out emitting antenna selecting and Adaptive Modulation greater than target bit at other modulation system of lowermost level; Otherwise change step (4) over to;
(4) modulation system with all subcarriers all is set to high modulation rank, utilize the bit error rate of all subcarrier correspondences under this modulation system of calculating in the step (1), calculate in all possible transmission antenna group under this modulation system and be combined in average error bit rate on each subcarrier;
(5) if having in all average error bit rate and be lower than target bit, then change step (6) over to; If no, then change step (7) over to;
(6) be lower than in the pairing emitting antenna combination of average error bit rate of target bit at all, select the number of antennas combination of minimum, and the modulation system of selecting current setting for use finishes then as final modulation system as final antenna configurations;
(7) modulation levels of all subcarriers is turned down a rank, utilize the bit error rate of all subcarrier correspondences under this modulation system of calculating in the step (1), calculating is in the average error bit rate of all possible combination of antennas on each subcarrier under this modulation system, and changes step (5) once more over to.
2. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the described step (2), the minimum combination of antennas of described selection number of transmit antennas is as the step of final antenna match, if it is a plurality of that the number of transmit antennas combination of minimum has, then select the combination of wherein corresponding bit error rate minimum as final antenna configurations.
3. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the described step (6), the minimum combination of antennas of described selection number of transmit antennas is as the step of final antenna match, if it is a plurality of that the number of transmit antennas combination of minimum has, then select the combination of wherein corresponding average error bit rate minimum as final antenna configurations.
4. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the described signal to noise ratio γ of step (1) cCalculate according to following formula:
γ c = π c / K · | f ( α , ω ) | 2 ( α c , 1 2 + α c , 2 2 + α c , 3 2 + . . . + a c , N R 2 ) · σ v 2
With
f ( α , ω ) = α c , 1 · { H c , 1,1 ( ω ) + H c , 1,2 ( ω ) + . . . + H c , 1 , K ( ω ) }
+ α c , 2 · { H c , 2,1 ( ω ) + H c , 2,2 ( ω ) + . . . + H c , 2 , K ( ω ) }
+ . . .
+ α c , N R · { H c , N R , 1 ( ω ) + H c , N R , 2 ( ω ) + . . . + H c , N R , K ( ω ) }
Wherein, H C, n, k(ω) expression n (n=1,2 ..., N R) between root reception antenna and the k transmit antennas at the frequency domain impulse response of c subcarrier lower channel, described k=1,2 ..., K, K represent number of transmit antennas maximum in the described combination of antennas, π cBe the transmitting power of distributing on the respective sub, α C, nRepresent the weighted factor on c subcarrier on each reception antenna, and
Figure F2006100751881C00026
The expression average noise power.
5. method as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, the described bit error rate of step (1), and the Bit Error Rate Computation formula under the BPSK modulation system is:
P k , 1 , c ( γ c ) = Q ( 2 γ c )
Bit Error Rate Computation formula under QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM modulation system is:
P k , M , c ( γ c ) = 4 ( 1 - 1 M m ) · Q ( 3 γ c M m - 1 ) · [ 1 - ( 1 - 1 M m ) · Q ( 3 γ c M m - 1 ) ]
Wherein, P K, M, cRepresent that c subcarrier is combined in signal to noise ratio γ in modulation system M, a k transmission antenna group cOn bit error rate; M is the modulation system call number, when modulation system is QPSK, and 16QAM and 64QAM, M=2,3,4; Corresponding M mValue is 4,16,64 respectively;
Q (x) represents integral function: Q ( x ) = 1 2 π ∫ x + ∞ exp { - x 2 2 } dx .
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