Background technology
Urban express way is the artery of urban economy development.
The comparison of external communication development early, its ring road control carrying out scientific research and practicality also early, the urban express way construction of developed country is from eighties of last century fifties.The U.S. has carried out On-ramp Control in the Eisenhower through street in Chicago in eighties of last century the sixties.Thereafter, the ring road control of city expressway has successively been carried out in cities such as Los Angeles of the U.S., Seattle, Phoenix.And abroad the process that controls to the whole control in networking from single-point has been experienced in control to ring road, has played good effect to alleviating traffic jam.
The domestic research of carrying out traffic control just began from the eighties of eighties of last century, original ring road control system control mode is single, can not constitute a complete system controls automatically, make to have occurred controlling phenomenon of blocking more more in some specific time, thereby fail to reach purpose of design in advance at regional area.And the research of special city expressway ring road is also few, does not have the precedent of success.Some place, for example Beijing more lacks so-called ring road.Necessarily start character so this research that Shanghai will be carried out has, in application in the future, the ring road controller will embody huge advantage and effect in city expressway.
The research of Shanghai City intelligent transportation system and enforcement are just with swift and violent impetus fast development, from calendar year 2001 the Shanghai City State Scientific and Technological Commission " automobile traffic information acquisition, handle with issue " great research topic of intelligent transportation study Shanghai City capital construction commission in 2004 " center, Shanghai City acquisition of road traffic information system " again to Middle Ring Line (west section, Pu) traffic surveillance and control system in 2006, traffic information collection, processing and the delivery system based on the midtown built up in Shanghai substantially.In the scope of through street, center, Shanghai City, all laid the inductive coil wagon detector every the track and the overhead ring road up and down of 400-500 rice, the quantity of traffic guidance message board increases gradually.Variable information plate (VMS) by dissimilar (figure and literal, big-and-middle platelets) provides Traffic Information to the driver real-time dynamicly, real-time traffic related information, traffic event information are reported to the police, pointed out to relevant traffic administration personnel in time in the mode based on GIS-T, and be published to relevant departmental terminals.Simultaneously, the overhead ring road real-time monitoring engineering that goes up in 2004 has also realized the viaduct Entrance ramp is implemented the access control function.In the On-ramp Control of this project, the access control of ring road can be by traffic police's field control, also can be in control center's Long-distance Control of Traffic Police Headquarters; Close or revert to when open at ring road, be arranged on the distance that S type variable information plate on the relevant surface road can be laid relative Entrance ramp according to it, branchs sequential is issued ring road state (close, unimpeded or crowded) information.
Yet,, thisly also do not satisfy through street traffic surveillance and control system needs based on artificial dried control mode though the access control to Entrance ramp has been realized in Shanghai City.
With the Shanghai City, China is example, since 1985, just begin plan and set about building through street, since the nineties in 20th century, implemented large-scale road traffic infrastructure construction, having formed overhead etc. with interior ring, north and south, Yan'an gradually is backbone's city expressway transportation network.2002, " Shen " font through street net formed.2006, the blank of the annular through street, city between the inside and outside loop wire was filled up in building up of through street, Middle Ring Line (west section, Pu) again.
By till now, center, the Shanghai City through street net that length overall is about 110km builds up substantially, has alleviated the traffic conflict at this midtown and edge to a certain extent, for urban transportation provides higher road service level.Its quick, convenient, unobstructed, safe transportation condition has attracted a large amount of motor vehicle flows, makes urban express way become the first-selected route of driver and citizens' activities.
Yet along with fast development of economy of Shanghai, automobile pollution increases sharply, and the traffic problems in Shanghai City are increasingly serious, and simultaneously, nearly 50% automobile traffic amount has been shared for the surface road system in the through street, and it is serious that its traffic pressure also becomes day by day.
Under the traffic pressure of so big flow, interior ring is overhead jam frequently to occur, and the trend of further deterioration is arranged, and has had a strong impact on the traffic circulation of the key road network in city.
Estimate that the overpass traffic saturated phenomenon that the year two thousand twenty just may occur arrives in advance.The per day magnitude of traffic flow in ring overpass highway section is respectively 6.8 ten thousand and 7.4 ten thousand in 2000 and calendar year 2001, the part highway section presents super-saturated state, wherein the daily flow in Shanghai Tai Lu-wide Zhong Lu highway section surpasses 100,000, as if nearly 90,000 of the daily flow on Pingnan County road-Mo Ling road.Overhead and the Lu Pu bridge in the new road of republicanism in 2003 is open to traffic, make more Outlying area vehicle can enter the center fast, on the Yixian road, inlets such as Shanghai Min Lu and Lu Pu bridge, the flow that enters the city center direction when the peak has reached per hour 20000, saturation degree surpasses 1.25.2006, be hoped to be open to traffic, but only after one month, serious jam has just appearred in its indivedual highway sections in the Middle Ring Line of improving overpass traffic saturated phenomenon.
Moreover, the supersaturation of viaduct main line traffic also causes the gateway ring road easily and is attached thereto the appearance that connects the crossing traffic congestion.
At present, through street, Shanghai City system (west, Pu, and do not comprise outer shroud and middle ring) ring road closes on the crossing, ground and amounts to 65, wherein goes up ring road and closes on 10 altogether of crossings (not having ring road down); In all the other 55 crossings, belonging to the serious crossing of blocking has 23; What belong to the obstruction crossing has 19; What belong to unimpeded substantially crossing only has 13.And because the main line volume of traffic is big, the remittance of porch vehicle will cause the fluctuation that the main line wagon flow is bigger, thereby cause the generation of traffic congestion, and the vehicle flowrate in exit has surpassed the traffic capacity of crossing and be difficult to evacuate, cause traffic congestion, Hui Yi causes blocking up of main line to main line simultaneously.Form further vicious cycle.Relate to other through street, big city systems, also have the problems referred to above.
Therefore, the through street on the peak in addition peak absences usually occur blocking up, be difficult to guarantee the continuity of traffic, vehicle operating is sometimes fast and sometimes slow, expressway system is " fast " also no longer, to Entrance ramp must implement control.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of road entry gate controller, this controller can realize that real-time self-adaptation is controlled automatically, control, Long-distance Control on the spot, by gather the DETECTION OF TRAFFIC PARAMETERS Equipment Inspection to local control of traffic parameter, control and communication apparatus reach and regulate the vehicle number that ring road imports main line.This controller has extensibility, device independence, algorithm replaceability.
For achieving the above object, technical solution scheme of the present invention is by hardware and software two parts be combined into.The hardware of entry gate controller comprises embedded computer, connecting terminal block, industrial power, relay, fiber optic, GPZ.Embedded computer is placed in the cabinet of handling through dust and moisture.External devices is connected to outside cabinet on the terminal row in the case by the Communication Control line, as: the control line of current lamp and signal lamp is to be connected on the corresponding relay from terminal row, and then is connected on the I/O integrated circuit board by relay; The connection of advices plate and vehicle checker is above terminal row is directly connected to the RS485 communication interface of main frame; Portable equipment (as not fixedly connected equipment such as PDA, notebook computer) (as debugging, maintenance etc.) where necessary is connected on the PORT COM at embedded computer panel place.Embedded host is connected on the fiber optic by netting twine, and fiber optic links to each other with GPZ by optical fiber again, inserts INTERNET at last, thus with the communication of middle control monitoring equipment.
Described embedded computer comprises CPU module group, functional module group and expansion module group, and each module group uses communication bus to be connected with base plate with inserting mode, thereby forms whole host computer system.
It more than is ring road controller hardware part; It below is software section.
Software is the content of core in the ring road controller, and needed gordian technique in application software framework and the realization has determined whether total system can be stablized, moved efficiently.
After embedded OS commonly used is compared, selected (SuSE) Linux OS as system software of the present invention.Control algolithm, is improved and is revised the ALINEA algorithm according to the characteristics of through street as the core of whole software.
(SuSE) Linux OS is one and supports the multi-user, the multi-task operation system, it is with reliable and stable, safety and support kinds of platform, to hardware require low.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: this ring road controller, its ÷ control system is made up of local device and middle control monitoring equipment two parts, it is main and auxiliary with occupation rate, queue length and the overall travel time index recruitment evaluation index as the actual debugging of setting out on a journey adopting in the general effect assessment with the average velocity index, the exploitation of entry gate controller makes it can adapt to the field of traffic of continuous development and change.Now, can realize that by the ring road controller real-time self-adaptation controls automatically, have extensibility, device independence, algorithm replaceability, along with further research and development in the future, can use other more effectively control algolithms easily instead, have tangible economic benefit and social benefit.
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the present invention is made comparisons and to explain.
Embodiment
With reference to Fig. 1, this is a ring road controller hardware theory diagram of the present invention.
As shown in the figure, its hardware comprises embedded computer 1, connecting terminal block 2, industrial power 3, relay 4, fiber optic 5, GPZ 6.
Embedded computer is placed in the cabinet of handling through dust and moisture, external devices connects the Communication Control line and links earlier outside cabinet on the terminal row in the case, the control line of current lamp and signal lamp is connected on the relay of mutual correspondence from terminal row again, and then is connected on the I/O integrated circuit board by relay.The connection of advices plate and vehicle checker is above terminal row is directly connected to the RS485 joint of main frame.Manual operator then is not fixedly connected equipment, just is connected on the PORT COM at embedded computer panel place when having only the debugging maintenance.Embedded host is connected on the fiber optic by netting twine, and fiber optic links to each other with GPZ by optical fiber again, inserts INTERNET at last, thus with the communication of middle control monitoring equipment.
Described embedded computer 1 comprises SOM system 8, PC/104 module 9, single-borad computer 10, half long CPU card 11, POS control system 12 hardware configurations.
According to ring road controller hardware system architecture, PC/104 module 9 hardware configurations are flexible, and expansion equipment comprises PCMCIA, Ethernet, GPS, digital I/O and the multiple module of many serial ports, can fully satisfy the ring road controller and expand demand from now on.
Determined by the PC/104 architectural characteristic: its each PC/104 intermodule can carry out the recombinant of stacking-type, but also the PC/104 module can be embedded in the certain products as one " grand device ".The characteristic of PC/104 module meets ring road controller embedded host equipment fully, embedded host is designed to inserting mode, use 16 PC/104 buses to connect versabus as base plate, be divided into CPU module group, functional module group, expansion module group are connected with base plate with inserting mode, thereby form whole host computer system.
This module is made up of PC/104 CPU board, mainboard card extender, hard disk/electric board, hard disk connector four parts, and PC/104 adopts 16 PC/104 buses to be connected with the mainboard card extender; Hard disk/electric board is connected with the hard disk adapting version by IDE and is fixing, and hard disk connector is connected communication with the mainboard card extender by IDE.Design in the early stage is central owing to considered to stress the aspect difference at that time, the feasible derivation of originally wanting to be undertaken by soft arranging wire port.
Functional module group: according to ring road control requirement, need I/O and RS485 communication function, so this module group is made up of PC/104 I/O plate and multi-serial-port card, expansion card extender 3 parts, PC/104 I/O plate is connected with stacking-type with multi-serial-port card, is connected on the expansion card extender.Make like this and construct total system by each PC/104 module current between can being undertaken mutually by the backplane bus structure.
The expansion module group: the expansion module group mainly is owing to do not carry out the processing that comprehensive photoelectricity is isolated on PC/104 I/O plate, the ring road controller is again to be applied in the middle of the industrial control field, very important to the I/O device isolation, thereby need the auxiliary optical isolation board of specialized designs, also need multi-serial-port card is carried out the external processing of port, carry out the ring road controller embedded host casing that improves of function and determine
The main frame casing uses 3U grafting casing, in the case integrated circuit board can independent assortment, freely plug expansion, to maintenance and debugging convenience very, the also suitable integrally-built design of ring road controller of structure
Because ring road controller embedded host case is a non-transformer equipment, so need to be provided with industrial power in the ring road controller, external INTERNET communication need be carried out communication with fiber optic and GPZ, and the ring road controller belongs to the Industry Control cabinet of standard.
With reference to Fig. 2, this is a ring road controller software structure principle chart of the present invention.
As shown in the figure, its software configuration is divided into application layer, Communication Control layer and basic layer.Application layer comprises data management, algorithm, equipment control, vehicle checker, advices plate, current lamp, signal lamp; The Communication Control layer comprises based on the communication management of Modbus agreement, IO management; Basic layer comprises serial ports read-write, timer, storage administration, network Socket read-write, IO read-write.
The data management branch is clipped to vehicle checker, algorithm, and the algorithm branch is clipped to advices plate, current lamp, signal lamp, and the equipment control branch is clipped to advices plate, current lamp, signal lamp; From application layer to the Communication Control layer wherein vehicle checker, advices plate to communication management based on the Modbus agreement; Current lamp, signal lamp are managed to IO; Wherein communication management, the IO based on the Modbus agreement manages serial ports read-write, timer, storage administration, network Socket read-write, IO read-write from the Communication Control layer to basic layer.
With reference to Fig. 3, this is the workflow diagram of control algolithm module in the ring road controller software of the present invention
As described in Figure, its workflow step is as follows: from [] to [obtaining the static configuration parameter], [every 20s obtains real time traffic data from main thread] from configuration file, [be in control the period in? ] judge, if not, just enter [regulation rate is put saturation value], [returning ring road bicycle road regulation rate]; If, just enter [data processing], [data are invalid/equipment failure? ], judge, if just enter [on the regulation rate one-period regulation rate], [returning ring road bicycle road regulation rate]; If not, just enter and [meet regulation rate and put 0 condition? ]; Is another road to [meeting regulation rate and put 0 condition? ] judge, if, enter [regulation rate is put 0 value], if not, then enter and [meet the saturation adjustment rate condition of putting? ] judge, if, then enter [regulation rate is put saturation value], if not, then enter and [meet the queuing priority condition? ] if then enter [regulation rate is put the queuing preferred value]; [meet the queuing priority condition? ] enter into [algorithm computation (comprising queuing constraint)], [regulation rate is level and smooth], [returning ring road bicycle road regulation rate], [end].
In the whole software part, control algolithm is in core status, and the quality of control algolithm has determined the control effect of ring road controller to a great extent.The C language of employing standard launches the realization work of control algolithm.
Control algolithm is improved the ALINEA algorithm according to the characteristics of through street.
Linux has the function of the customization reduced, and can reduce customization to system according to the demand of actual hardware, and linux system has been carried out corresponding reduction.The content of reducing comprises following 3 parts: the reduction of kernel, the customization of root file system and the making of guide.
The ring road controller can be in two kinds of different roles: host computer and slave computer according to the difference of functional requirement in total system.When it as host computer the time, its main function is to detect external unit, handles related data, and then the relevant equipment of control; When it during as slave computer, its main function is the order of response from PDA or control center.
If can make following division to total system from the use angle of resource, the serial ports that uses in the communication (PDA thread), network interface (Long-distance Control thread), two 485 interfaces (road information data acquisition thread and advices plate thread); I/O mouth (signal lamp control section); This mode of dividing with hardware resource and realize that each relatively independent functional module is closely related, these relatively independent functional modules are mainly reflected on the function that thread finishes in the process that realizes, and the function declaration of each thread task is as follows:
Road information data acquisition thread.The major function of this thread is to finish the collection of vehicle checker data: periodically visit vehicle checker, and the raw data and the track state of vehicle checker transmission are preserved; The processing of data:, be special structural array with the data processing of gathering according to the needed interface of algorithm and according to the content in the configuration file; Provide service: detect the flag information that whether has from other thread-data request, if any, will duplicate, carry out data transfer to relevant data.
Main thread.The major function of main thread comprises obtains data: to wanting the required data of first acquisition algorithm before the calling of algorithm; Calling of algorithm: will generate a kind of allocation plan no matter whether this scheme obtains carrying out according to automatic control algorithm to the data of gathering in each cycle; Data are preserved: revise algorithm in the control automatically for convenience, preserve producing each involved data of control each time; Detect control: because the source of control has three kinds (automatically, on the spot with long-range), thus before control, to detect the control source earlier, and then peripheral hardware is controlled.
The advices plate thread.Its main function comprises detection advices plate state: periodically visit advices plate state and content displayed are preserved; Provide service: detect the request of data flag information, relevant data are duplicated, carry out data transfer; The control advices plate: control corresponding is carried out to advices plate in the source of detecting control signal.
Control thread on the spot.Its main function comprises and wait for to receive order: judge whether the order that sends from PDA; Response related command: according to returning relevant data after the command determination that receives.
The Long-distance Control thread.Major function comprises and judges whether the order that sends from control center; Response related command: according to returning relevant data after the command determination that receives.
The adjusting of parameter all is placed on adjustable parameter in the configuration file during for the ease of debugging.Thereby, in the software work of control algolithm module mainly be by reading vehicle checker from main thread traffic parameter, read the algorithm correlation parameter from configuration file, calculate according to the ALINEA algorithm, obtain a flow rate, then the flow rate is returned to main thread.
With reference to Fig. 4, this is the fundamental diagram of control algolithm module in the ring road controller software of the present invention.
As shown in the figure, be divided into backstage control program and control algolithm module, after reading parameter, algorithm computation, return results to the backstage control program by real-time traffic flow data, adjusting parameter from the backstage control program.
Though the present invention describes with reference to the above embodiments; but those of ordinary skill in the art; will be appreciated that above embodiment is used for illustrating the present invention; should understand and wherein can make variations and modifications and do not break away from the present invention in a broad sense; so be not as limitation of the invention; as long as in connotation scope of the present invention, to the variation of above-described embodiment, the protection domain that distortion all will fall into claim of the present invention.