CN101053927A - 镍基超合金的焊接方法 - Google Patents

镍基超合金的焊接方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101053927A
CN101053927A CNA2007100961441A CN200710096144A CN101053927A CN 101053927 A CN101053927 A CN 101053927A CN A2007100961441 A CNA2007100961441 A CN A2007100961441A CN 200710096144 A CN200710096144 A CN 200710096144A CN 101053927 A CN101053927 A CN 101053927A
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welding
parts
cycle
groove
solder paste
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M·D·阿尔内特
D·A·诺沃克
J·C·谢菲尔
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General Electric Co
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General Electric Co
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/02—Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
    • B23K1/0008—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering specially adapted for particular articles or work
    • B23K1/0018—Brazing of turbine parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
    • B23K31/02—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to soldering or welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P6/00—Restoring or reconditioning objects
    • B23P6/002—Repairing turbine components, e.g. moving or stationary blades, rotors
    • B23P6/007—Repairing turbine components, e.g. moving or stationary blades, rotors using only additive methods, e.g. build-up welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P6/00—Restoring or reconditioning objects
    • B23P6/04—Repairing fractures or cracked metal parts or products, e.g. castings
    • B23P6/045—Repairing fractures or cracked metal parts or products, e.g. castings of turbine components, e.g. moving or stationary blades, rotors, etc.
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/005—Repairing methods or devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/001—Turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05D2230/20—Manufacture essentially without removing material
    • F05D2230/23—Manufacture essentially without removing material by permanently joining parts together
    • F05D2230/232—Manufacture essentially without removing material by permanently joining parts together by welding
    • F05D2230/237—Brazing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05D2230/40—Heat treatment

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)

Abstract

一种焊接超合金部件(10)、(12)的方法，所述方法包括：(a)在所述部件的界面处形成焊接预制沟槽(14)；(b)在环境温度下使用填充材料(16)焊接所述部件；(c)用钎料膏(18)覆盖所述填充材料和所述部件的相邻表面；并且(d)对所述部件进行热处理，所述热处理包括应力消除周期和钎焊周期。可采用相似的工艺修补镍基超合金部件中的裂纹。

Description

镍基超合金的焊接方法
技术领域
本发明主要涉及超合金的焊接，且特别是涉及具有高含量γ′相的镍基合金的焊接。
背景技术
具有高含量γ′相的镍基超合金在焊接或者焊后热处理过程中极易产生开裂。当使用具有高含量γ′相的焊接填料进行焊接和在环境温度下进行焊接时，情况更是如此。
解决该问题的一种方法是在极高温度下焊接超合金，例如在美国专利No.5,897,801中所披露的那样。另一种方法是，使用延性填料或者作为整个焊接部，或者作为中间层的一部分。然而，这些方法可导致基底金属的性质发生严重劣化。
发明内容
根据本发明的一个典型实施例，镍基或其它超合金部件在环境温度下进行焊接，且发生的典型开裂是被接受的。然而，焊接部的表面其后被钎料膏或钎料膏混合物覆盖且所述部分随后受到热处理。所述钎料膏可包括或可不包括作为部分组分的超合金粉末。所述热处理工艺包括应力消除周期，在所述应力消除周期后的是钎焊周期，在所述钎焊周期中对在焊接过程或所述应力消除周期过程中形成的任何裂纹进行修补。
因此，就广义方面而言，本发明涉及一种焊接超合金部件的方法，所述方法包括：(a)在所述部件的面对表面处形成焊接预制沟槽；(b)使用填充材料焊接所述部件；(c)用钎料膏覆盖所述焊接填充材料和所述部件的相邻表面；并且(d)对所述部件进行热处理。
在另一方面中，本发明涉及一种焊接超合金部件的方法，所述方法包括：(a)在所述部件的界面处形成焊接预制沟槽；(b)在环境温度下利用高强度填充材料焊接所述部件；(c)用钎料膏覆盖所述焊接填充材料和所述部件的相邻表面；并且(d)在应力消除周期中对所述部件进行热处理，在所述应力消除周期后的是钎焊周期。
在又一方面中，本发明涉及一种对超合金部件中的裂纹进行修补的方法，所述方法包括：(a)沿所述裂纹形成焊接预制沟槽；(b)用填充材料对所述焊接预制沟槽进行焊接填充；(c)用钎料膏覆盖所述焊接填充材料和相邻表面；并且(d)在应力消除周期中对所述部件进行热处理，在所述应力消除周期后的是钎焊周期。
现在将结合下面示出的附图对本发明进行描述。
附图说明
图1是预备进行焊接的一对部件的剖视图；
图2是在进行焊接之后的图1所示的部件的剖视图；
图3是与图2所示相似的剖视图，但是在图3中，相邻熔合表面被钎料膏所覆盖；和
图4是根据本发明的一种典型的热处理周期的曲线图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了具有在部件的面对表面中形成的V形焊接预制切口14的一对镍基超合金部件10、12。应该意识到：可在具有缺陷如要进行修补的裂纹的单个部件中形成相似的焊接预制沟槽，所述裂纹被挖空(即经过特形铣或机加工)从而形成与切口14相似的V形沟槽。
现在参见图2，部件10和12通过填充材料16已被焊接在一起，所述填充材料填充沟槽14且将部件10和12熔合在一起。可采用包括气体钨极电弧焊、等离子电弧焊等任何适合的常规焊接技术实施焊接。焊接工艺在环境温度即高于60的温度下进行且否则要不然会受到强制加热。可使用任何适合的高强度焊接填充材料16，其中就包括具有高含量γ′相的填充材料。适合的填料的实例为Rene 41和Inconel738LC。
其后，熔合区域中的表面，即暴露的焊接填料表面和部件部分的相邻表面被钎料膏或钎料膏混合物18所覆盖。膏料18可以是纯钎焊合金如AMS 4782，或例如AMS 4782和超合金Inconel 738粉末的混合物。
焊接好的部件随后在包括应力消除周期和钎焊周期的工艺中受到真空热处理。就这方面而言，图4中示出的适当的热处理工艺表明：在应力消除周期后，部件部分允许在温度升高至更高的钎焊温度之前进行冷却，在所述升温过程后冷却至环境温度。所述两个周期的具体温度范围对本领域的技术人员而言是公知的。
所述工艺的一个重要方面在于，起初在焊接过程中或在刚刚进行焊接之后，允许焊接部产生开裂，但任何这种裂纹在焊后热处理的钎焊周期过程中被“愈合”或修补好。最终结果产生了没有裂纹的镍超合金部件的熔合区域，由此解决了焊接具有高含量γ′相的镍基超合金所存在的上述问题。
如上所述，可利用相似工艺修补在镍基或其它超合金部件中存在的缺陷如裂纹。在本实例中，通过特形铣或机加工的方式挖空裂纹从而形成与沟槽14相似的焊接预制沟槽(本实例中的图1-图3，部件10和12将是同一部件)。随后，所述挖空区域如上所述地被填充材料16焊接填充、被钎料膏(或钎料膏/合金粉末混合物)覆盖且受到热处理。
尽管已经结合当前被认为最实用且优选的实施例对本发明进行了描述，但应该理解，本发明不限于所披露的实施例，而是相反地，本发明旨在覆盖包括落入所附权利要求书的精神和范围内的多种变型和等效布置。
零件表
部件10、12
切口14
沟槽14
填充材料16
膏料混合物18

Claims (10)

1、一种焊接超合金部件(10)、(12)的方法，所述方法包括：
(a)在所述部件的面对表面处形成焊接预制沟槽(14)；
(b)使用插入到所述焊接预制沟槽(14)内的填充材料(16)焊接所述部件；
(c)用钎料膏(18)覆盖所述焊接填充材料和所述部件的相邻表面；并且
(d)对所述部件进行热处理。
2、根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中在环境温度下实施步骤(b)。
3、根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中采用气体钨极电弧焊或等离子电弧焊实施步骤(b)。
4、根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述钎料膏(18)包括大体上纯的钎焊合金或钎焊合金和超合金粉末的混合物。
5、根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中在真空中实施步骤(d)。
6、根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中步骤(d)包括应力消除周期和钎焊周期。
7、根据权利要求6所述的方法，其中所述部件(10)、(12)在应力消除周期之后且所述钎焊周期之前进行冷却。
8、根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中所述钎焊周期在时间上比所述应力消除周期更短。
9、一种修补超合金部件(10)或(12)中的裂纹的方法，所述方法包括：
(a)沿所述裂纹形成焊接预制沟槽(14)；
(b)用填充材料(16)焊接填充所述焊接预制沟槽；
(c)用钎料膏(18)覆盖所述焊接填充材料和相邻表面；并且
(d)在应力消除周期中对所述部件进行热处理，在所述应力消除周期后进行钎焊周期。
10、根据权利要求9所述的方法，其中所述钎料膏(18)包括大体上纯的钎焊合金或钎焊合金和超合金粉末的混合物。
CNA2007100961441A 2006-04-13 2007-04-13 镍基超合金的焊接方法 Pending CN101053927A (zh)

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US11/402,858 US20070241169A1 (en) 2006-04-13 2006-04-13 Method for welding nickel-based superalloys
US11/402858 2006-04-13

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CN103028819A (zh) * 2012-12-12 2013-04-10 江阴中南重工股份有限公司 镍基合金焊接件的焊接工艺
CN104162761A (zh) * 2014-08-18 2014-11-26 青岛海之冠汽车配件制造有限公司 飞轮裂纹修补方法
CN104364045A (zh) * 2012-05-11 2015-02-18 西门子能量股份有限公司 镍基超级合金构件的激光添加剂修复
CN104923956A (zh) * 2014-01-31 2015-09-23 通用电气公司 用于镍基超合金的焊接填料
CN109079357A (zh) * 2017-06-14 2018-12-25 通用电气公司 焊接高温合金的方法
CN110049843A (zh) * 2016-12-09 2019-07-23 西门子股份公司 具有药芯焊丝输送的cmt技术

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CN104364045A (zh) * 2012-05-11 2015-02-18 西门子能量股份有限公司 镍基超级合金构件的激光添加剂修复
CN104364045B (zh) * 2012-05-11 2016-10-12 西门子能量股份有限公司 镍基超级合金构件的激光添加剂修复
CN103028819A (zh) * 2012-12-12 2013-04-10 江阴中南重工股份有限公司 镍基合金焊接件的焊接工艺
CN104923956A (zh) * 2014-01-31 2015-09-23 通用电气公司 用于镍基超合金的焊接填料
CN104162761A (zh) * 2014-08-18 2014-11-26 青岛海之冠汽车配件制造有限公司 飞轮裂纹修补方法
CN110049843A (zh) * 2016-12-09 2019-07-23 西门子股份公司 具有药芯焊丝输送的cmt技术
CN109079357A (zh) * 2017-06-14 2018-12-25 通用电气公司 焊接高温合金的方法
CN109079357B (zh) * 2017-06-14 2021-12-14 通用电气公司 焊接高温合金的方法

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RU2007113736A (ru) 2008-10-20
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US20070241169A1 (en) 2007-10-18

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