CN101050284A - Electromagnetic shielding macromolecule composite material - Google Patents
Electromagnetic shielding macromolecule composite material Download PDFInfo
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- CN101050284A CN101050284A CNA2006100462415A CN200610046241A CN101050284A CN 101050284 A CN101050284 A CN 101050284A CN A2006100462415 A CNA2006100462415 A CN A2006100462415A CN 200610046241 A CN200610046241 A CN 200610046241A CN 101050284 A CN101050284 A CN 101050284A
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- electromagnetic shielding
- foam
- macromolecule composite
- coiled
- foamed metal
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 65
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
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- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 10
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229910018487 Ni—Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002134 carbon nanofiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Ni] VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IYRDVAUFQZOLSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper iron Chemical compound [Fe].[Cu] IYRDVAUFQZOLSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- QUBBAXISAHIDNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyldimethylbenzene Natural products CCC1=CC=CC(C)=C1C QUBBAXISAHIDNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J15/00—Sealings
- F16J15/02—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces
- F16J15/06—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces
- F16J15/10—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with non-metallic packing
- F16J15/12—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with non-metallic packing with metal reinforcement or covering
- F16J15/121—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with non-metallic packing with metal reinforcement or covering with metal reinforcement
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J15/00—Sealings
- F16J15/02—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces
- F16J15/06—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces
- F16J15/064—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces the packing combining the sealing function with other functions
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Shielding Devices Or Components To Electric Or Magnetic Fields (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
This invention discloses electromagnetic shielding polymer composite sheets or rolls. The polymer composite is composed of foam metal with pore diameters of 60-6000 mu.m, porosity above 75% and density of 0.03-1.2 g/cm3, and polymer material such as thermoplastic resin, thermosetting resin or rubber. The polymer composite has such advantages as high electromagnetic shielding performance and low cost, and can be used in aviation, aerospace, security communication, electronics, electrics and electrical devices.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to electromagnetic shielding material, a kind of novel electromagnetic shielding material that is composited by foamed metal and macromolecular material is provided especially.
Background technology:
Along with science and technology development, the electrical equipment that uses in producing and living and the quantity of electronics are more and more, and these equipment often will produce some useful or useless hertzian wave in running.On the one hand, these hertzian wave can influence the normal use of other equipment or system; On the other hand, these electromagnetic leakages can cause leakage of information.Divulging a secret of electromagnetic information is related to the safety of country, economy and military affairs etc.In addition, hertzian wave also can work the mischief to the health of human body and organism.
Electromagnetic interference (EMI) has become social effects of pollution, be interference and the leakage that prevents that electromagenetic wave radiation from causing, eliminate and alleviate Electromagnetic Interference, except the rational deployment of correct design circuit and electronic component, adopting electromagnetic shielding material also is one of effective technological approaches.
Electronic machine if the ventilative heat radiation of appliance requires just louvre must be arranged, and perforate will inevitably cause electromagnetic leakage, at this moment just needs the ventilation property shielding material when work.At present, vent window is carried out electromagnetic shielding and generally adopt wire netting and cellular cut-off waveguide window.The porosity of wire netting is big, and is lower to the shielding electromagnetic waves effect, concerning some precision instrument and equipments, just can not meet the demands, though and the effectiveness of cellular cut-off waveguide window is fine, its volume and weight is big, inconvenience is installed and is carried.
Have paper proof nickel foam, foam copper and foam ambrose alloy to have good capability of electromagnetic shielding, still, the resistance of oxidation of foam copper, nickel foam, foam iron is poor, and self capability of electromagnetic shielding has frequency selectivity; Intensity is low especially, and is damaged easily in the use.
Because engineering plastic product has light weight, price is low and advantage such as easy processing, therefore, plastics are used widely in electronic industry, but plastics are to the unshielded effect of hertzian wave, for solving engineering plastics anti-electromagnetic wave interferential problem, present employed method mainly contains: electromagnetic shielding plastic and coating.Such electromagnetic shielding material is a kind of functional polymer composites, and it mainly is made up of film-forming resin, conductive filler material, thinner and auxiliary agent etc.Wherein conductive filler material is the major ingredient of electromagnetic shielding material, general conductive filler material accounts for about electromagnetic shielding material 65wt%, its role size is to weigh the key of electromagnetic shielding material performance, and conductive filler material can be divided into metallic stuffing (containing metal oxide compound, steel fiber), carbon is filler (carbon fiber-containing etc.) and compounded mix etc.
What obtain at present to use in actual production mainly is metallic stuffing, comprise metal-powders such as silver, copper, nickel, and steel fiber, the characteristics that these fillers are had nothing in common with each other, but the common shortcoming is arranged all---than great, therefore, filler is sedimentation easily in resin, be not easy to disperse, these have all limited its use.Other shortcoming is just can possess capability of electromagnetic shielding preferably by heavy addition, makes the cost of electromagnetic shielding plastic or coating increase considerably.The present invention has adopted above-mentioned foam metal nickel and powder thereof to prepare resin base and rubber-based electromagnetic shielding material as filler, comprises electromagnetic shielding plastic, electromagnetic shield rubber and electromagnetic screen coating, has solved this problem.1 square metre of area for example, thickness 1mm electromagnetic shielding band, add nickel powder if adopt, need to add about 1200-2300 gram, and capability of electromagnetic shielding can only be at 30-50db, it is 320g that same area thickness adopts its weight of this patent material, and capability of electromagnetic shielding reaches more than the 75db, and problem such as migration not.
Summary of the invention:
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of electromagnetic shielding composite material, shield effectiveness is very good and cost is low, therefore can be widely used in high-technology fields such as Aeronautics and Astronautics, secure communication, electronics, electric and electrical equipment, be used for preventing electromagnetic leakage, guarantee the works better of electronics.
The invention provides a kind of electromagnetic shielding macromolecule composite material, can be sheet material or coiled material, it is characterized in that: described electromagnetic shielding macromolecule composite material mainly is composited by foamed metal and macromolecular material; Described foamed metal has through-hole structure, and the aperture is 60～6000 μ m, and porosity is more than 75%, and density is at 0.03～1.20g/cm
3Between; Described macromolecular material is thermoplastic resin, thermosetting resin or rubber.Thermoplastic resin comprises resins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, ABS.Thermosetting resin comprises resins such as Resins, epoxy, unsaturated polyester and phenolic aldehyde.
In the electromagnetic shielding macromolecule composite material of the present invention, can also contain filler, filler comprise nickel powder, copper powder, iron powder, aluminium powder, ferrite powder, oxide powder and zinc, silver powder, carbon fiber, carbon nano fiber one or several.
In the electromagnetic shielding macromolecule composite material of the present invention, described foamed metal, selection can be nickel foam, foam copper, foam iron, foamed aluminium, foam zinc, foam ambrose alloy, foam nickel chromium triangle aluminium, foam ferronickel, foam copper iron, bubble iron chromium aluminum nickel.
Electromagnetic shielding macromolecule composite material of the present invention can be following three kinds of forms: one, be coated with one deck macromolecular material on the surface of foamed metal sheet material or coiled material.Two, fill up macromolecular material with foamed metal sheet material or coiled material therebetween as the matrix skeleton.Three, Po Sui foamed metal is embedded in the macromolecular material.
In the electromagnetic shielding macromolecule composite material of the present invention, foamed metal sheet material or coiled material can be sheet material or the coiled materials that is composited by multilayer foam metal sheet material or coiled material.Especially, can be sheet material or the coiled material that is composited by multiwalled foamed metal sheet material not of the same race or coiled material.
In the electromagnetic shielding macromolecule composite material of the present invention, the preparation method of described foam metal material can be with adopting molten metal foaming, casting, sintering process, metal deposition and sputtering method etc.
The present invention utilizes the open-celled structure of foamed metal, porosity height (all more than 75%), (0.03-1.20g/cm in light weight
3), characteristics with tridimensional network, preparation method have following several, and one, be matrix with the foamed metal, that surface-coated has is anticorrosion, strengthen matrix strength, strengthen the coating of effectiveness and other function, forms the electromagnetic shielding sheet material or the coiled material of through-hole structure; Two, directly foamed metal is poured into a mould or mold pressing macromolecular material or rubber as matrix, made fine and close electromagnetic shielding sheet material or coiled material; Three,, utilize its branched structure, as filler, with polymer or rubber combined electromagnetic shielding sheet material or the coiled material of being prepared into the foamed metal fragmentation.
Typical process is with foamed metal die forming in the middle of resin or rubber matrix, keeps the foamed metal network structure, forms complete conduction and shielding network; Belong to sandwich type structural, the foamed metal that is clipped in body material intermediate formation conductive network can be one or more layers, and multilayer foam metal can be that same material can not be a same material also.With polymer or rubber combined before fleut slurrying (water or solvent) directly can be applied the foamed metal surface, use dry back; Perhaps foamed metal is utilized coupling agent treatment.
It is the preparation porous electromagnetic shielding material of raw material that the present invention recommends nickel foam, and its advantage is: the porosity communication of foam metal nickel, porosity height (all more than 90%) (0.16～0.85g/cm in light weight
3), have tridimensional network.The chemical stability of nickel is good simultaneously, and the absorbed loss that specific conductivity and magnetic permeability are big is big, so it has the electromagnetic performance of good absorption.Hertzian wave is launched in three-dimensional network, is reflected, owing to be absorbed as the master with self, reflected electromagnetic is few, and the interference that miscellaneous equipment is caused is few; Electromagnet shield effect is high, and is easy to install and use easily; With foam metal nickel and powder thereof is the electromagnetic shielding macromolecule composite material of conductive filler material preparation, and the adding of filler is little to the density and the mechanical property influence of body material, and the electromagnet shield effect height of matrix material, and conductive filler material is uniformly dispersed in matrix.In 10MHz～1500MHz hertzian wave scope, has the above electromagnet shield effect of 60～120dB.
In a word, the invention provides with the foamed metal is base, compound with the material of other polymer or rubber-like, can add conduction, magnetic conduction powder or fiber in polymer or the rubber, solve in the world that electromagnetic shielding material porous breathable, anticorrosion, oxidation be full of cracks, sedimentation come off, frequency is selected and an enhanced difficult problem.
Description of drawings
The surface topography stereoscan photograph of Fig. 1 foam metal nickel;
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Adopt foam metal nickel, the area density of nickel foam is 320g/m2, thickness 1.6mm, and the aperture is 110ppi; This foamed metal outward appearance has metalluster, porosity communication, and porosity has tridimensional network up to more than 95%.Fig. 1 is the surface topography stereoscan photograph of the last metallic nickel of bubble.
Adopt single component acrylic resin+6% ferrite, through fully dilution, nickel foam is immersed, the outside applies sonic oscillation, takes out after 1 minute, blows away coating unnecessary in the hole with high-pressure blast, just leaves a coating, seasoning on nickel skeleton; Adopt some frequency method to carry out the electromagnet shield effect test according to China National Space Industry Corporation's space industry industry standard " testing method of QJ2809-96 planar materials effectiveness of shielding " to this porous electromagnetic shielding sheet material afterwards, range of frequency is 100kKHz-1GHz, records this material and on average has the above electromagnet shield effect of 90dB.The performance of the resistance to compression of this material simultaneously, anti-folding, shock resistance etc. is greatly improved.When this sheet material is particularly suitable for being applied to electronic device works, need the situation of the device window of ventilative heat radiation.
Embodiment 2 compression moldings prepare foam copper/ABS resin electromagnetic shielding plastic
Required main raw material: foam copper is as filler, and specification is 200 * 200 * 1.8, and area density is 350g/m2, and the aperture is 90PPI, and selecting thermoplastic resin ABS for use is body material.Preparation technology's flow process:
Earlier ABS resin and pigment are mixed, be paved with, again passing through plastic resin treatment and having the foam copper of certain intensity to spread at the flat plate mold bottom, adding resin then fills up mould, when temperature was 300 ℃, hot-forming, the products obtained therefrom specification was 200 * 200 * 2.5.
The gained electromagnetic shielding plastic is carried out mechanical property and capability of electromagnetic shielding.
This electromagnetic shielding plastic, because the metalolic network of foam metal nickel does not destroy, therefore, foam copper is clipped in ABS resin body material intermediate formation successive conductive network.Carry out electromagnet shield effect test according to embodiment 1 testing method, range of frequency is that 100KHz-1GHz records this material and on average has the above effectiveness of shielding of 60dB.
Embodiment 3 injections prepare foamed metal nickel powder/PE resin electromagnetic shielding plastic
Required main raw material: nickel foam, with pulverizer it is ground into 50～500 μ m powder, select thermoplastic polyethylene (PE) for use.
Preparation technology's flow process:
Foamed metal nickel by powder and the 5wt% pigment and the 5%Fe of 60wt%PE resin, 30wt% process coupling agent treatment
3O
4(ferrite) powder mixes, by injector, and when temperature is 200 ℃, injection molding.
Because the foamed metal nickel by powder has porosity and tridimensional network more than 95%, therefore, the foamed metal nickel by powder of pulverizing has dendritic structure, be dispersed in polyvinyl resin (PE) matrix and form conductive network, again because foam metal nickel powder density low weight is gently also little to the density and the mechanical property influence of polyvinyl resin (PE).
Carry out electromagnet shield effect test according to embodiment 1 testing method, range of frequency is that 100kKHz-1GHz records this material and on average has the above effectiveness of shielding of 60dB.Fig. 3 is the influence of hertzian wave to the electromagnetic shielding plastic electromagnet shield effect of foamed metal nickel powder/PP resin.
Embodiment 4 nickel foam/rubber electromagnetic shielding coiled material
Required main raw material: select nickel foam for use, thickness 1.5mm, the aperture is 80PPI, chlorinated rubber.Preparation technology's flow process:
Charge into nickel foam being mixed with the carbon black chlorinated rubber,, when temperature is 220 ℃, make the electromagnetic shielding composite sheet material by vulcanizing press.
Carry out electromagnet shield effect test according to embodiment 1 testing method, range of frequency is that 100kKHz-1GHz records this material and on average has the above effectiveness of shielding of 80dB.The electromagnetic shielding composite sheet material can be used as electromagnetic shielding curtain and various packing ring, prevents the leakage of information, and in addition, it can also be used for various requirement the electrostatic occasion, as the ground of computer house etc., will reduce accident and the loss that static causes effectively.
The preparation of embodiment 5 foamed metals nickel powder/acrylic resin thermoplasticity electromagnetic screen coating
Required main raw material: select the foam metal nickel of embodiment 1 preparation for use, with pulverizer it is ground into 50～500 μ m powder, selecting the thermoplastic resin acrylic resin for use is film forming matter, and ethyl acetate and dimethylbenzene are mixed solvent, and the KH550 coupling agent is an additive.
Preparation technology's flow process:
The foamed metal nickel by powder is carried out coupling processing with the spirit solvent that contains the 3wt%KH550 coupling agent, 80 ℃ of dry 1.5h, handling dried 55wt% powder, 45wt% acrylic resin and an amount of ethyl acetate and the dilution of dimethylbenzene mixed solvent, place ball mill ball milling 45min, be mixed with electromagnetic screen coating, be painted on the ABS plastic plate, coat-thickness＜110 μ m, press GJB2604-96 " military electromagnetic screen coating general specification " test, to the hertzian wave of 30-1500MHz frequency, effectiveness of shielding reaches more than the 65dB.
The preparation of embodiment 6 foamed metals copper powder/Resins, epoxy thermoset electromagnetic screen coating
Required main raw material: select the foamed metal copper of embodiment 1 preparation for use, with pulverizer it is ground into 50～500 μ m powder, selecting thermosetting resin Resins, epoxy for use is film forming matter, and polycaprolactam is a solidifying agent, and acetone is solvent, and the KH550 coupling agent is an additive.
Preparation technology's flow process:
The foamed metal copper powder is carried out coupling processing with the spirit solvent that contains the 3wt%KH550 coupling agent, 80 ℃ of dry 1.5h, handling dried 55wt% powder, 45wt% Resins, epoxy and an amount of solvent acetone dilution, place ball milling machine ball milling 45min, be mixed with the A component.Solidifying agent polycaprolactam and an amount of solvent acetone dilution, place ball milling machine ball milling 15min, be mixed with the B component.During use, be that 2 to 1 (mass ratioes) mix and make electromagnetic screen coating, be painted on the ABS plastic plate by A and B, coat-thickness＜110 μ m, press GJB2604-96 " military electromagnetic screen coating general specification " test, to the hertzian wave of 30-1500MHz frequency, effectiveness of shielding reaches more than the 60dB.
Embodiment 7:
Adopt metal foam nickel and foam iron, the area density of nickel foam is 320g/m2, thickness 1.2mm, and the aperture is 110PPI; This foamed metal outward appearance has metalluster, porosity communication, and porosity has tridimensional network up to more than 95%.The area density of foam iron is 420g/m2, thickness 1.6mm, and the aperture is 50PPI; This foamed metal outward appearance has metalluster, porosity communication, and porosity is up to more than 95%.
Adopt the single component acrylic resin, through fully dilution, nickel foam and foam iron to be immersed, the outside applies sonic oscillation, take out after 1 minute, blow away coating unnecessary in the hole with high-pressure blast, just on skeleton, leave a coating, nickel foam and foam iron are stacked, cross roller, the roller spacing is (1.2+1.6) * 0.95, place afterwards smooth, seasoning; Adopt some frequency method to carry out the electromagnet shield effect test according to China National Space Industry Corporation's space industry industry standard " testing method of QJ2809-96 planar materials effectiveness of shielding " to this porous electromagnetic shielding sheet material afterwards, range of frequency is 100kKHz-1GHz, records this material and on average has the above electromagnet shield effect of 95dB.This sheet material is particularly suitable for being applied to need certain intensity and gas-pervious Working environment.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of electromagnetic shielding macromolecule composite material is sheet material or coiled material, and it is characterized in that: described electromagnetic shielding macromolecule composite material mainly is composited by foamed metal and macromolecular material; Described foamed metal has through-hole structure, and the aperture is 60～6000 μ m, and porosity is more than 75%, and density is at 0.03～1.20g/cm
3Between; Described macromolecular material is thermoplastic resin, thermosetting resin or rubber.
2, according to the described electromagnetic shielding macromolecule composite material of claim 1, it is characterized in that: also contain filler in the described electromagnetic shielding macromolecule composite material, filler comprise nickel powder, copper powder, iron powder, aluminium powder, ferrite powder, oxide powder and zinc, silver powder, carbon fiber, carbon nano fiber one or several.
3, according to the described electromagnetic shielding macromolecule composite material of claim 2, it is characterized in that: described foamed metal is chosen as nickel foam, foam copper, foam iron, foamed aluminium, foam zinc, foam ambrose alloy, foam nickel chromium triangle aluminium, foam ferronickel, foam copper iron, bubble iron chromium aluminum nickel.
4, according to claim 1,2 or 3 described electromagnetic shielding macromolecule composite materials, it is characterized in that: described electromagnetic shielding macromolecule composite material is the sandwich material that is coated with one deck macromolecular material on the surface of foamed metal sheet material or coiled material.
5, according to the described electromagnetic shielding macromolecule composite material of claim 4, it is characterized in that: described foamed metal sheet material or coiled material are sheet material or the coiled materials that is composited by multilayer foam metal sheet material or coiled material.
6, according to the described electromagnetic shielding macromolecule composite material of claim 5, it is characterized in that: described foamed metal sheet material or coiled material are sheet material or the coiled materials that is composited by multiwalled foamed metal sheet material not of the same race or coiled material.
7, according to claim 1,2 or 3 described electromagnetic shielding macromolecule composite materials, it is characterized in that: described electromagnetic shielding macromolecule composite material is the solid material that fills up macromolecular material with foamed metal sheet material or coiled material as the matrix skeleton therebetween.
8, according to the described electromagnetic shielding macromolecule composite material of claim 7, it is characterized in that: described foamed metal sheet material or coiled material are sheet material or the coiled materials that is composited by multilayer foam metal sheet material or coiled material.
9, according to the described electromagnetic shielding macromolecule composite material of claim 8, it is characterized in that: described foamed metal sheet material or coiled material are sheet material or the coiled materials that is composited by multiwalled foamed metal sheet material not of the same race or coiled material.
10, according to claim 1,2 or 3 described electromagnetic shielding macromolecule composite materials, it is characterized in that: described electromagnetic shielding macromolecule composite material is that broken foamed metal is embedded in the solid material in the macromolecular material.
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