CN1010481B - Combustible briquettes - Google Patents
Combustible briquettesInfo
- Publication number
- CN1010481B CN1010481B CN 85103226 CN85103226A CN1010481B CN 1010481 B CN1010481 B CN 1010481B CN 85103226 CN85103226 CN 85103226 CN 85103226 A CN85103226 A CN 85103226A CN 1010481 B CN1010481 B CN 1010481B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a combustible briquette and a method for preparing the briquette, particularly to a combustible briquette made by combining cellulosic materials and carbonaceous materials, wherein the cellulosic materials comprise sawdust or other plant materials, the carbonaceous materials comprise coal, coke, and charcoal or coked coal or peat coal, and the proportion of the cellulosic materials to the carbonaceous materials is approximately from 1: 1 to 1: 6; the mixture is pressurized by the pressure of 150MPa to 650MPa more or less, and during the pressurization, temperature is approximately from 120 DEG C to 320 DEG C without the use of adhesives; water content determines time required by the pressurizing work, and optimal water content approximately accounts for 3 percent to 25 percent of overall weight.
Description
The present invention relates generally to block fuel, concrete related for mixing the block fuel made from carbonaceous material and cellulose materials.Carbonaceous material such as coal, coke, charcoal or coking coal (coalchar), or peat; Cellulose materials uses such as sawdust and wooden slag etc.
Use coal or coal product to make block fuel, existing in the prior art extensively narration.For example announcing in No. the 233rd, 687, the United States Patent (USP), is with timber or Wood products, in process furnace with the heating of the temperature below the timber flash point.After the complete charing of timber, add and be pressed into caking.But, be easy to degrade behind the chance water with the block that this method is made.
This fuel brick coal formula coal product commonly used is made.Because coal has high-energy, so be that good especially fuel supplies the source.But the problem that most coals or coal product exist when making caking is at a kind of binding agent of needing of moulding, to keep finishing the one-piece construction of product.Binding agent commonly used is just like starch and based on the product of pitch.Yet the binding agent of this several types is quite expensive.Several finished product per ton need increase cost and reach 70 dollars of ＄.
Up to now a shortcoming without binding agent manufacturing caking is: the product that produces tends to produce crack and fracture in the above, then pulverizes then and disintegrates.Can not stand collision or moist in addition.Therefore, without the caking of binding agent manufacturing when the packing and easily be damaged in transit.
There is one to reveal that its number is No. the 905th, 693, United States Patent (USP) with coal patent that make, the binder free fuel brick.Coal is heated to charing begins following temperature.Add coldly then slightly, be pressed into briquet.The existing problem of this method is coal must be done repeatedly processing, could suppress.This increases the consumption of time and expense just for the briquet manufacturing processed.
United States Patent (USP) the 1st, 102 has disclosed the manufacture method of the wooden fuel's piece that utilizes wood by-product No. 591, wherein mixes 5～15% charcoal approximately, and coke or similar substance are made binding agent.This fuel brick is based on timber, and its energy is high not as good as briquet.
Make brown coal (brown coals and lignites) briquet without binding agent and there is no novelty, still, because its total specific energy is quite low, and the amount of ash and sulphur of containing is very high sometimes, so the commercial value of this fuel brick is lower than cannel-coal.
Letter says and it that the present invention is a kind of method of producing block fuel, comprises carbonaceous material and cellulose materials are mixed, and this mixture is suppressed under proper temperature and pressure, and temperature and pressure requires and can remove moisture content unnecessary in the mixture.Carbonaceous material is just like coal, coke, charcoal or coking coal and peat.Cellulose materials is just like wood chip, leaf chip, bark chip, bagasse, Exocarpium cocois (Cocos nucifera L) chip and husk etc.This method has been eliminated the elasticity and the retarded elasticity of mixture to a considerable extent.In the present invention, different with the block fuel manufacture method of commonly seeing, do not use binding agent.
For example, the cellulose materials ratio best with respect to carbonaceous material is between 1: 1 and 1: 6.
And the water content of mixture be preferably in weight 3% to 25% between, be more preferably weight 10% to 14% between.
In addition, the mixture briquetting pressure should be in the 150MPa(megapascal (MPa)) and 650MPa between, temperature is between 120 ℃ and 320 ℃.
Aspect method, the present invention has also proposed to make a kind of condition of fuel brick, comprise cellulose materials and carbonaceous material are mixed, under suitable temperature and pressure, mixture is suppressed, make this temperature and pressure be enough to eliminate moisture content too much in the mixture, on sizable degree, eliminate the elasticity of mixture, on sizable degree, eliminate retarded elasticity, the composition of mixture is combined.
More specifically say, fuel brick contains a kind of mixture of cellulose materials and carbonaceous material, the water content of above-mentioned cellulose materials about weight 10% and 15% between, above-mentioned carbonaceous material is selected from one group of material, comprising coal, coke, charcoal, coking coal and peat, this carbonaceous material weight in wet base accounts for 3% to 25%, and above-mentioned cellulose materials and the mass ratio of above-mentioned carbonaceous material in said mixture are between 1: 1 and 1: 6.This mixture about 150 to pressurization between 400MPa and 150 ℃ to 195 ℃.Temperature is at 120 ℃ between 320 ℃ the time, and then moulding pressure is between 150 to 650MPa.
And, because the ash in the wood chip and the content of sulphur can not considered, be that a large amount ash content and the sulphur that then contains in some carbonaceous material can reduce to 80%, or in the corresponding reduction of sawdust ratio in the fuel brick raw mix.
In addition, end, make the conny of fuel brick and the byproduct that the coal washing tailings often is considered to high price, now,, then can be used as the utilization of economic benefit, produce the fuel brick of save energy cost by adopting the present invention to today.
When making fuel brick, can replenish charcoal with sawdust in proportion, to reduce by 20% to 80% the carbonaceous amount that contains with charcoal and coking coal.
In the process of clamp dog, owing to the carbonization of contained sawdust, cause the molecular mixing of material, be to produce the smokeless fuel piece, compare with the charcoal brick of charcoal of using always or use binding agent, aspect energy cost, can provide bigger saving.
The structural strength of this fuel brick can be adjusted to 17 times of common fuel brick intensity, causes when burning under 1800 ℃ of temperature, and the effect that stacks in burner not because of weight own reduces quality.
Mixture compacted of the present invention, can produce the fuel brick of obvious surface luster, give the water tolerance and the hardness of block.
In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to propose a kind of method of making the fuel caking.
Another object of the present invention is to propose the method that a kind of fuel made from coal lumps.
A further object of the invention is to propose the method for a kind of manufacturing without the fuel brick of stick.
Another object of the present invention is to propose a kind of method of making fuel brick, only with sawdust or other cellulose materialss, and a kind of carbonaceous material, as coal, coke, charcoal or coking coal and peat etc.
Yet a kind of purpose of the present invention is: a kind of method of making block fuel is provided, can keeps shape invariance in normally moving and transporting.
Another object of the present invention is to propose a kind of inexpensive method to make high-quality block fuel.
Above and other purpose of the present invention, characteristics and advantage, through evaluating hereinafter, for embodiment be described in detail with appended claim after, just can clearly understand.
Make the method for block fuel of the present invention, comprise sawdust, wood chip or other cellulose materialss, with a kind of as coal, coke, peat, the carbonaceous material mixed together of charcoal or coking coal etc. is suppressed this mixture then under certain temperature and pressure, this temperature and pressure should be suitable for moisture too much in the mixture is removed, thereby can the basically eliminate retarded elasticity, and each constituent combination of mixture.
Can produce a kind of fuel caking with method of the present invention, caking can keep shape invariance, and extraneous humidity and the temperature variation of tolerance.The fuel caking quality made from the present invention is hard, can resist the general stress in normally moving and transporting.In addition, the fuel brick by method of the present invention is made does not have turgidity after the depanning.Therefore, this fuel brick in addition with the temperature and humidity balance of outside after, still can keep shape invariance, can disintegration.
The cellulose materials that the present invention uses comprises sawdust, wood chip, and leaf bits and any vegetable material, but be not limited to these materials.
Measuring a kind of flintiness of fuel caking and the parameter of intensity is its elasticity.Elasticity is a kind of physicals of material, and it can be out of shape under pressure, and can be near recovering original measuring.
In the initial trial that the contriver carries out, suppose that elasticity makes plane of weakness in the fuel brick be parallel to its columniform both ends of the surface.For example, when fuel brick from one two meters height, fall when being subjected to stress on the cement flooring, produce at last and cross this planar fracture.
When the mass ratio of sawdust and coal mixtures is about 1: 1 and during brickmaking in 1: 2, the volume of the volume ratio coal of sawdust is a lot of greatly.Sawdust itself can form a hard caking, but coal itself can not form suitable caking separately.
The clamp dog material require can keep stable water content in envrionment conditions, otherwise, will protection be arranged to fuel brick, prevent their change of moisture content.
Example 1
At one preferably in the embodiment of the present invention, with sawdust as a kind of cellulose materials.When carrying out tentative experiment, used the forming press pressure that can limit, do not heat.
The result of tentative experiment narrates in example 8 in example 1.
The effect of report heating and raising forming press pressure in the example 9.
What sawdust was used is the kiln dried wood sawdust of hardwood or softwood, or exsiccant green wood sawdust.Water content can reach 50% in some test, changes low water content with the method that adds water, reduces high-moisture with the exsiccant method.The tap density of sawdust is about 200 kilograms/m
3With 260 kilograms/m
3Between.
Example 2
In the present embodiment of the present invention, the coal of use is to originate from Victoria to economize, West Australia province and New South Wales province (more than be Australia economize control); South Africa, South Korea, the brown coal (Lignite) of Philippines and Thailand etc., sub-bituminous coal, bituminous coal, and hard coal, part is dry, grinds for using.The granular size of using in the desirable embodiment of the present invention is listed as follows:
Table 1
Particle size (mm) mass percent
＞850mm 1.5%
850～600mm 12.0%
600～425mm 21.3%
425～300mm 19.7%
＜300mm 45.5%
The tap density of coal is about 740 kilograms/m
3
Example 3
In initial trial, formed columniform fuel brick with two tool punching blocks, its diameter is respectively 28.64mm and 41.5mm.Applied load is 25 tonnes to greatest extent on little mould, is equivalent to pressure 386MPa(megapascal (MPa)).This is equivalent to 56000 pounds/inch
2What exert pressure on big mould is 30 tonnes to greatest extent, is equivalent to pressure 221MPa, or 32000 pounds/inch
2
Fuel brick is the single compacting of operating by hand of hydraulic die, and this operating method makes the elasticity of fuel brick that the performance of three aspects be arranged:
1) exerts pressure and remove the activity of back-plunger mould;
2) increase on measuring behind the fuel brick discharge mould;
3) stress that causes of briquetting power is through after the release of a few hours, the fuel brick of freely placing measure increase.
Primary and the elastic movement of amount of exercise maximum is called as " retarded elasticity ", measure with the scale and the pointer that are separately fixed on die bottom plate and the plunger.Elastic second and the third performance.Use vernier caliper measurement, it measures less than retarded elasticity a lot.
Example 4
The measurement of retarded elasticity is after pressure relief, measures the motion of piston in mould.It is measured with the percentage ratio of compressed cylindrical fuel tile height and represents.Each test carries out twice, gives a report with average result.
The sawdust water content of using in this example is about 12 to 13%.Sawdust square mesh testing sieve sorting, mesh size is between 600 to 300 μ m.As follows to the retarded elasticity measuring result of three kinds of outsifting sizes under various pressure:
Table 2
Pressure (MPa) 77 154 232 309 386
Sawdust size (micron)
＞600 21.0 20.8 19.2 19.4 18.0
600～300 25.2 23.2 22.8 22.8 23.2
＜300 22.9 22.8 22.0 21.6 21.4
Do not sieve 19.5 20.7 20.0 19.7 19.2
The pine sawdust (is doubted to " thin by 22.6 22.5 23.4 22.4 22.6
Sawdust " mistake one translator)
Coal 16.8 19.3 18.9 19.4 19.0
Various samples all show similar retarded elasticity characteristic.This example shows that sawdust is defined as a certain specific dimensions there is no advantage.
Example 5
Only use sawdust to measure the retarded elasticity of fuel brick in this example.Will be appreciated that with the fuel brick of coal and sawdust system with only with the fuel brick of sawdust system, all show similar retarded elasticity character.Used sawdust is the sawdust of hard wood, moisture 12%～13% of the weight that accounts for.Added water in some sawdust, made water content bring up to 25%, this part sawdust has been placed in the plastics bag of sealing about 18 hours, made water balance.This part wet saw end is divided into several portions, makes drying in various degree, obtain the different sample of water content.Pressurization 386MPa has been done the measurement of retarded elasticity.Other parts of sawdust are being done before similar retarded elasticity measures, or make it complete drying under 100 ℃ of temperature, or are heated to 200 ℃ or 300 ℃.
Table 3
The water content retarded elasticity percentage ratio of treated sawdust
25.0% 59.1
18.7 25.8
15.5 23.2
12.0 19.3
5.7 19.0
0.0 24.1
Be heated to :-
200℃ 22.9
300℃ 33.6
The The above results explanation: when moisture content was between 6 and 12% in the sawdust, retarded elasticity was minimum.
Example 6
After fuel brick took out from model, height and diameter all expanded.(water content 12～13%) sawdust is pressurized to 386MPa, and when just taking out from mould, high level expansion is about 5～10%, and diameter expansion is less than 1%.After the fuel brick ageing, expanding has increase, increases by 15% highly approximately, and diameter expansion is less than 1%.This swell increment is less than fuel brick is pressurized to 221MPa.
It is contemplated that above-mentioned expansion is relevant with the elastic recovery of sawdust, elastic recovery is in fuel brick moulding pressurization, the recovery that de-stressing is later.For dried fuel brick and wet fuel piece, some variation of measuring be with moisture obtain or subtract lose relevant.
Example 7
Fuel brick to the sawdust of the various grade water content of a usefulness in the example 5 is made has carried out six days observation by a definite date.When a fuel brick pressurizes (386MPa) in model/, its proportion is minimum for maximum measuring.When fuel brick had just been taken out from model, measuring to some extent increased, so proportion descends.After the fuel brick ageing, measure increase once more, final proportion is subjected to this influence of measuring variation, also is subjected to the influence of any variation of water content.These variations are as shown in table 3.
Table 4
The fuel brick parameter is (a) over time
Water content proportion overall expansion amount (b)
Initial final initial (c) final percentage ratio
Percentage ratio
25.0 11.1 0.84 0.62 109.8
18.7 11.7 1.07 0.89 55.7
15.5 11.3 1.11 0.97 47.2
12.0 10.5 1.16 0.99 43.3
5.7 9.2 1.20 0.94 46.5
0.0 8.8 1.18 0.81 61.0
(a) between fuel brick manufacturing and last the measurement through six days.
(b) based on the high growth of fuel brick, represent with the percentage ratio that adds the minimum constructive height of depressing.
(c) this is the proportion when just having taken out from model.In the model of pressurization 386MPa, proportion only changes in a very narrow scope 1.48～1.52.
These data declarations: when the fuel brick that only contains sawdust moisture account for weight 10%～12% the time, the change minimum of measuring.The optimum moisture content of Here it is fuel brick.The high specific gravity of fuel brick is relevant with high compression forces, still, does not have one enough bonding strengths can be arranged in these pressurized fuel bricks, can remain on the proportion 1.46～1.52 that reaches in the pressing mold.Proportion after fuel brick takes out from pressing mold descends, and the decline of the proportion after the fuel brick ageing, illustrates that interparticle combination weakens, the strength degradation of fuel brick.Even the merchant sells sawdust timber through long-term exposure, still can keep proportion is 1.2, and water content is 8～9%.
Example 8
Early stage test shows: the characteristic of sawdust/coal fuel caking, owing to contain sawdust 50% to 33%, similar to the characteristic of sawdust fuel brick.
About the different sawdust of water content/coal fuel brick, existing summary lists following (table 5 is seen the literary composition back):
A) the swell increment here refers to the growth of fuel brick height, represents with the percentage ratio that adds the minimum altitude of depressing.Growth progressively increases at three phases, and promptly pressure is removed the stage (retarded elasticity), from model from going out stage and ageing stage.
This data acknowledgement sawdust/coal fuel brick has and the simple similar elastic properties of sawdust piece.And the mass ratio of sawdust and coal is 1: 1 or 1: 2 o'clock, does not have important difference.In fact, through measuring: wooden and ratio coal is can produce the fuel brick that makes the people satisfied at 1: 6 o'clock.
Example 9
The test of following table shows: make the elasticity of clamp dog mixture can controlled factor, and the characteristics that play elastic contribution of sawdust are can be controlled, make fuel brick that this intensity be arranged.
Controlled the elasticity of fuel brick mixture, just can avoid the expansion of block when fuel brick takes out from model.Therefore, can avoid the avris crack of fuel brick, this crack can be caused and can't be sold.
The mixture of sawdust and coal is mixed with three preliminary samples.Each the bag in hold approximately five kilograms by 1: 1 quality than blended sawdust and coal.
Three groups of tests have been carried out.Mechanical 100 tons of forming presses are used in first group test.Made mould and plunger is tested with the high-tensile steel, so that make fuel brick.The external dimensional envelope of mould is high 150mm, takes advantage of diameter 149mm, includes to be of a size of high 150mm and to take advantage of diameter 82mm.Mold wall thickness 33.5mm.Diameter 82mm is taken advantage of in measuring to high 79mm of plunger.
Moisture can be escaped when compressing for making, and vertical drilling in plunger makes two surface perforations relatively.Kong Youliu, diameter is 4mm respectively, is arranged on 60 ° of pitch circle diameters, respectively is on 60 ° of points of plunger surface.The center of the 6th the suitable plunger in hole connects.
Model heats with industrial soldering lamp.Be drilled with a hole on the sidewall of model, insert a thermometer, temperature in the measurement mode in the hole.Second group of the about 8.5mm of the internal surface of the head distance model of thermometer also carries out with identical equipment with the 3rd group of test, and with foot-operated 150 tons of mechanical form-pressing machines.
The height of fuel brick is with one group of vernier caliper measurement.
Determine that from test need the mixture water content height of compacting and the amount of mixture, the required pressure and temperature of decision compacting is to produce the fuel brick of operable low elasticity and low elasticity aftereffect.
The mixture of various quantity is put into mould pressurize, to be defined as the elasticity of mixture being reduced to when minimum needed per square inch desired pressure.
The water content of mixture is 3%, and with 120 ton forces pressurization 3～5 minutes, the fuel brick of generation can be satisfactory under 170 ℃ of temperature.
Water content is 12% 4 ounces in mixture (OZ), pressurizes 3～5 minutes with 120 ton forces down at 170 ℃, has produced gratifying fuel brick.
For the moisture mixture that accounts for weight 25%, must be between 150 ℃ and 170 ℃ of temperature, with about 12 tons, or the pressurization of 32,480 pounds/square inch power, each ounce mixture pressurizeed 2 minutes approximately.Therefore, be 1: 1 mixture when making fuel brick at mass ratio with sawdust and coal, the required desired pressure of briquetting is between 150MPa and 650MPa.
When the compacting fuel brick, preferably between 120 ℃ and 285 ℃, for sub-bituminous coal, temperature suits between 150 ℃ to 195 ℃ the temperature of pressing mold especially.
Bituminous coal and hard coal, and the temperature that charcoal need be higher reach 285 ℃～305 ℃ always.
The mixture water content between 3% and 12%, for make claim meaning, based on the fuel brick of sub-bituminous coal, the compacting time of needs is between 50～60 seconds.
Sawdust and coal mixtures water content are 25%, and in order to make the fuel brick based on sub-bituminous coal that claims meaning, the compacting time that needs is between 100 seconds and 120 seconds.
With containing hard coal, or the mixture that contains charcoal and coal washing tailings makes fuel brick, and softer carbonaceous material as sub-bituminous coal and brown coal etc., needs long clamping time.
Can in 50 to 60 seconds, make good fuel brick with hard coal and charcoal, but anti-dead weight intensity of force and water resisting property, with increasing in proportion pressure, temperature and clamping time.
The smokeless characteristic of the smokeless piece of the carbonizing degree of sawdust composition and later fuel brick, also relevant with clamping time and pressed temperature.
In pressing process, the too high meeting of temperature causes the fuel brick blast when moulding or when discharging finished product.
According to compacting mixture of the present invention, can produce the fuel brick of tangible surface luster, the hardness that this helps anti-water and increases fuel brick.
The anti-net gravitational force strength trial and the combustion test of fuel brick show: the fuel brick that can produce following properties:
-higher by 1700% than the intensity of the fuel brick of using the starch caking agent usually.
-burn under the load state when in process furnace, burning adding with the simulated combustion piece, can resist the temperature more than 1200 ℃, and not disintegration during burning.
Will of course be appreciated that: the above only relates to an embodiment preferred of the present invention, can make countless modifications and changes and does not break away from spirit and scope in the claim of the application's case.
Table 5
Sample water content mass ratio pressurization proportion swell increment
Sawdust coal saw end: model percentage ratio is removed in the coal pressurization
During taking-up 24 hours
1 13.1 20.2 1∶1 386 1.48 1.13 20.4 28.0 37
2 13.1 12.3 1∶1 386 1.48 1.18 18.8 24.5 33
3 13.1 12.3 1∶1 386 1.48 1.17 21.0 25.0 35
4 13.1 12.3 1∶2 386 1.48 1.18 18.5 24.1 34
5 13.1 12.3 1∶2 386 1.46 1.18 20.0 21.8 31
6 13.1 12.3 1: 1 221-1.14 No data
7 13.1 12.3 1∶1 221 - 1.13
8 13.1 12.3 1∶2 221 - 1.13
9 13.1 12.3 1∶2 221 - 1.12
10 13.1 6.1 1∶2 221 - 1.10
11 0.0 0.0 1∶2 221 - 1.05
Claims (6)
1, a kind of method of making block fuel, its step comprises:
With sawdust or wooden slag and carbonaceous material mixing, described carbonaceous material comprises coal, coke, charcoal and the materials such as coking coal and peat from one group to be selected, and then with this mixture briquetting, it is characterized in that
Material ratio between sawdust or wooden slag and the carbonaceous material is 1: 1 to 1: 6, and the water content of described mixture accounts for 3% to 25% of weight,
Pressing mixt under the temperature and pressure that the component that is enough to make mixture is bonded together, wherein used temperature range is 120 ℃ to 320 ℃, pressure is 150MPa to 650MPa.
2, method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that used pressure is 221MPa to 386MPa.
3, method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, before compacting, the total water content of mixture is 10% to 15% by weight.
4, as any one method in the claim 1～3, the temperature that it is characterized in that pressing mixt is between 120 ℃ to 195 ℃.
As a kind of method in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that 5, when the compacting water content was 25% mixture, temperature was about 150 ℃.
6, a kind of block fuel that makes by any one method in the claim 1～5.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 85103226 CN1010481B (en) | 1985-04-23 | 1985-04-23 | Combustible briquettes |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 85103226 CN1010481B (en) | 1985-04-23 | 1985-04-23 | Combustible briquettes |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN85103226A CN85103226A (en) | 1986-11-05 |
| CN1010481B true CN1010481B (en) | 1990-11-21 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 85103226 Expired CN1010481B (en) | 1985-04-23 | 1985-04-23 | Combustible briquettes |
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|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1010481B (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1098340C (en) * | 1998-04-20 | 2003-01-08 | 李英谦 | Greenhouse temperature increasing fuel |
| CN103555385A (en) * | 2013-08-27 | 2014-02-05 | 肖国雄 | Crop straw molded fuel and preparation method thereof |
| CN107903970A (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2018-04-13 | 陆克 | A kind of quick burning biomass composite fuel |
| CN107858188A (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2018-03-30 | 陆克 | A kind of clean type biomass composite fuel |
-
1985
- 1985-04-23 CN CN 85103226 patent/CN1010481B/en not_active Expired
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| CN85103226A (en) | 1986-11-05 |
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