CN101047399A - Method and device for downlink wave beam shaping - Google Patents
Method and device for downlink wave beam shaping Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A method for shaping downlink wave beam (DWB) includes obtaining channel impulse response estimation of a user, calculating space correlation matrix (SCM) of said user according to obtained estimation, confirming master character and sub-character vectors as well as master character and sub-character values of space correlation according to said SCM, obtaining DWB shaping-weighting vector (SWV) of said user by carrying out proportional average weighting on said vectors of said SCM as per said values, carrying out weighting on user downlink signal by said SWV then emitting weighted signal out by radio frequency emitter. The device utilizing said method is also disclosed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to intelligent antenna technology, specially refer to a kind of method and device of realizing the antenna system down beam shaping.
Background technology
In recent years, smart antenna has become one of technology the most attractive in the mobile communication.Smart antenna is based on the adaptive array principle, adopt space division multiple access technique, utilize the difference of signal in transmission direction, the signal distinguishing of same frequency, identical time slot or identical code channel is come, can maximally utilise limited channel resource, increase the capacity of system.The wave beam forming of smart antenna is one of key technology that realizes smart antenna, and described wave beam forming is meant and utilizes the modern digital signal processing technology, selects suitable beamforming algorithm, dynamically forms the spatial orientation wave beam, follows the tracks of each user's method.Can make the main lobe of smart antenna array directional diagram aim at the subscriber signal arrival direction by correct wave beam forming, secondary lobe or zero falls into aims at the interference signal arrival direction, be equivalent to form a high-gain aerial of following the tracks of him for each user, make full use of mobile subscriber's signal thereby reach, and offset or farthest suppress the purpose of interference signal.
Fig. 1 has shown that existing antenna system carries out the basic procedure of down beam shaping, mainly may further comprise the steps:
A, according to every signal that antenna receives in the smart antenna array, adopt certain beamforming algorithm to calculate corresponding each user's of every antenna wave beam forming weighted factor.
Existing beamforming algorithm can be divided into two big classes basically: time reference algorithm and georeferencing algorithm.Described time reference algorithm comprises: the non-blind adaptive algorithm of training sequence and the blind algorithm that does not need training sequence are arranged, these algorithms are determined mainly to comprise the weighted factor of every antenna according to the characteristic of received signal: sampling matrix inversion (SMI) algorithm, recursive least-squares (RLS) algorithm and least mean square algorithm (LMS) or the like.Described georeferencing algorithm normally estimates to determine the weighted factor of each antenna in the smart antenna array according to the arrival direction (DOA) of received signal.In actual applications, adopt more georeferencing method that fixedly DOA method, maximum power features value decomposition method and maximum signal to noise ratio characteristic value decomposition method or the like are arranged.
Corresponding each user's of every antenna that b, use step a calculate wave beam forming weighted factor is weighted each user data to be sent respectively, generates the data that each user will send on every antenna.
C, each user to be sent to the antenna of correspondence in the data load that sends on the every antenna.
By above-mentioned wave beam forming, smart antenna can form the directional beam of aiming at this user respectively for each user, therefore, compare with non-directional antenna, antenna gain with bigger uplink and downlink link, lower transmitting power, and higher advantages such as signal to noise ratio.Use smart antenna can overcome the influence of Channel Transmission decline effectively.
Prove by experiment, in existing down beam shaping method, for the mobile communication system in broadband, for example: time division duplex-S-CDMA (TD-SCDMA) system, maximum power features value decomposition method are the beam form-endowing methods of a kind of suitable wide-band mobile communication system and better performances.Existing utilize the maximum power features value to decompose the method for carrying out down beam shaping to realize: at first, obtain user's channel impulse response by channel estimating by following basic step; Then, again according to user's the corresponding spatial correlation matrix that calculates this user of channel impulse; At last, find the solution the pairing main characteristic vector of described spatial correlation matrix dominant eigenvalue, and will this main characteristic vector as the weighing vector of down beam shaping, realize down beam shaping.But, in said method, calculation of complex, amount of calculation when finding the solution described spatial correlation matrix master characteristic vector are big, thereby cause using existing method to carry out the consuming time longer of wave beam forming, can't follow the tracks of the variation of wireless channel fast, realize down beam shaping accurately.
Summary of the invention
In order to address the above problem, the invention provides a kind of method of down beam shaping, reduce the amount of calculation of wave beam forming greatly, the realization down beam shaping is followed the tracks of the variation of wireless channel fast, obtains optimum down beam shaping effect.
The method of down beam shaping of the present invention comprises:
A, obtain the estimation of a user's channel impulse response, and calculate this user's spatial correlation matrix according to the estimation of this subscriber channel impulse response by channel estimating;
B, determine main characteristic vector, dominant eigenvalue, sub-eigenvector and the sub-eigenvalue of described space correlation according to described spatial correlation matrix;
C, with the main characteristic vector and the sub-eigenvector of described spatial correlation matrix, carry out the ratio average weighted according to the size of its dominant eigenvalue and sub-eigenvalue, obtain described user's down beam shaping weighing vector;
D, use described down beam shaping weighing vector, described user's downstream signal is weighted, and launches by radio frequency sending set.
Wherein, the described calculating of steps A is by formula R
i=λ R
i+ (1-λ) h
ih
i HRealize, wherein, R
iBe described spatial correlation matrix, λ is a smoothing factor, can be taken as the decimal between 0 to 1, h
iBe the estimation of described user's channel impulse response, h
i HExpression h
iTransposition.
Step B is described to be determined may further comprise the steps:
The main characteristic vector initial approximation vector of B1, the described spatial correlation matrix of calculating;
B2, determine the dominant eigenvalue and the main characteristic vector of described spatial correlation matrix according to the main characteristic vector initial approximation vector of spatial correlation matrix;
The sub-eigenvector initial approximation vector of B3, the described spatial correlation matrix of calculating;
B4, determine the sub-eigenvalue and the sub-eigenvector of spatial correlation matrix according to the sub-eigenvector initial approximation of described spatial correlation matrix vector.
The described calculating of step B1 comprises:
B11, the diagonal element of described spatial correlation matrix is retrieved and sorted, find out maximum c wherein
jWith second largest value c
kAnd with described maximum c
jWith second largest value c
kCorresponding column vector r
jAnd r
k
B12, judgement inequality | c
j-c
k|＜0.1c
jWhether set up,, then make described main characteristic vector initial approximation vector e if set up
0=c
jr
j+ c
kr
kOtherwise, make described main characteristic vector initial approximation vector e
0=r
j
B13, described main characteristic vector initial approximation vector is standardized.
In step B2, determine to may further comprise the steps the dominant eigenvalue and the main characteristic vector of described spatial correlation matrix by the power iteration method:
B21, the power iteration number of times is set, and makes the described main characteristic vector initial approximation vector of main characteristic vector of described spatial correlation matrix;
B22, judge whether described power iteration number of times is 0,, carry out B24 if then described power iteration is finished; Otherwise, execution in step B23;
B23, make the described main characteristic vector behind this power iteration amass, and the main characteristic vector behind this power iteration is standardized, then described power iteration number of times is subtracted 1, and return step B22 for main characteristic vector before this iteration and described spatial correlation matrix are;
B24, according to formula E
i=e
i HR
ie
iDescribed main characteristic vector characteristic of correspondence value behind the calculating power iteration, wherein, E
iBe described dominant eigenvalue, e
iBe described main characteristic vector, e
i HBe described main characteristic vector e
iTransposition, R
iBe described spatial correlation matrix.
In step B2, determine to comprise the dominant eigenvalue and the main characteristic vector of described spatial correlation matrix by the Rayleigh quotient iteration method:
B211, the Rayleigh quotient iteration number of times is set, and makes the described main characteristic vector initial approximation vector of main characteristic vector of described spatial correlation matrix;
B212, judge whether described Rayleigh quotient iteration number of times is 0,, carry out B215 if then described power iteration is finished; Otherwise, execution in step B213;
B213, utilize formula B=R
i-(e
i HR
ie
i) * eye (M) calculates the first intermediate variable B; Wherein, R
iBe described spatial correlation matrix, e
iBe described main characteristic vector, e
i HBe described main characteristic vector e
iTransposition, the unit square formation of Function e ye (M) expression expression M * M; M is the antenna element number of smart antenna array;
B214, By=e solves an equation
i, obtain the second intermediate variable y, and the described second intermediate variable y standardized obtain described main characteristic vector, return step B212 then;
B215, according to formula E
i=e
i HR
ie
iCalculate described main characteristic vector characteristic of correspondence value E
i
The described calculating of step B3 comprises:
B31, from described spatial correlation matrix, remove its dominant eigenvalue and main characteristic vector the contribution of described spatial correlation matrix is obtained removing spatial correlation matrix after dominant eigenvalue and the main characteristic vector;
B32, the diagonal element of the spatial correlation matrix after described removal dominant eigenvalue and the main characteristic vector is retrieved and sorted, find out maximum c wherein
jWith second largest value c
kAnd with described maximum c
jWith second largest value c
kCorresponding column vector r
jAnd r
k
B33, judgement inequality | c
j-c
k|＜0.1c
jWhether set up,, then make described sub-eigenvector initial approximation vector e if set up
1=c
jr
j+ c
kr
kOtherwise, make described sub-eigenvector initial approximation vector e
1=r
j
B34, described sub-eigenvector initial approximation vector is standardized.
In step B4, determine to comprise the sub-eigenvalue and the sub-eigenvector of described spatial correlation matrix by the power iteration method:
B41, the power iteration number of times is set, and makes the sub-eigenvector of described spatial correlation matrix equal described sub-eigenvector initial approximation vector;
B42, judge whether described power iteration number of times is 0,, carry out B44 if then described power iteration is finished; Otherwise, execution in step B43;
B23, make the described sub-eigenvector behind this power iteration be the amassing of spatial correlation matrix after sub-eigenvector before this iteration and described removal dominant eigenvalue and the main characteristic vector, and the main characteristic vector after this time iteration standardized, then described power iteration number of times is subtracted 1, and return step B42;
B44, according to formula E
m=e
m HR
me
mDescribed sub-eigenvector characteristic of correspondence value behind the calculating power iteration, wherein, E
mBe described sub-eigenvalue, e
mBe described sub-eigenvector, e
m HBe described sub-eigenvector e
mTransposition, R
iBe the spatial correlation matrix after described removal dominant eigenvalue and the main characteristic vector.
Removal dominant eigenvalue of the present invention and main characteristic vector space correlation matrix are: utilize R
i=R
i-E
ie
ie
i HThe spatial correlation matrix that obtains after the calculating.
In step B4, determine to comprise the sub-eigenvalue and the sub-eigenvector of described spatial correlation matrix by the Rayleigh quotient iteration method:
B411, the Rayleigh quotient iteration number of times is set, and makes the described sub-eigenvector initial approximation of the sub-eigenvector vector of described spatial correlation matrix;
B412, judge whether described Rayleigh quotient iteration number of times is 0,, carry out B415 if then described Rayleigh quotient iteration is finished; Otherwise, execution in step B413;
B413, utilize formula B=R
i-(e
m HR
ie
m) * eye (M) calculates the first intermediate variable B; Wherein, R
iBe the spatial correlation matrix after described removal dominant eigenvalue and the main characteristic vector, e
mBe described sub-eigenvector, e
m HBe described sub-eigenvector e
mTransposition, the unit square formation of Function e ye (M) expression expression M * M; M is the antenna element number of smart antenna array;
B414, By=e solves an equation
M, obtain the second intermediate variable y, and the described second intermediate variable y standardized obtain sub-eigenvector, return step B412 then;
B415, according to formula E
m=e
m HR
ie
mCalculate the sub-eigenvalue E of described sub-eigenvector correspondence
m
The described ratio average weighted of step C is: utilize formula
Calculate described user's down beam shaping weighing vector w
i, wherein, E
iBe described dominant eigenvalue, e
iBe described characteristic vector, E
mBe described sub-eigenvalue, e
mBe described sub-eigenvector.
According to a further aspect in the invention, the present invention also provides a kind of down beam shaping device, comprising:
The antenna converting unit that comprises aerial array is used for receiving from aerial array user's upstream data, and the downlink data that will send to the user sends by aerial array;
Radio frequency receives and mould/number A/D converting unit, is used for the user uplink signal that described antenna converting unit receives is carried out rf filtering, amplification and A/D conversion, obtains digital uplink signal;
Channel estimating unit is used for according to receive the channel impulse response of estimating up user with the digital uplink signal of A/D converting unit from described radio frequency;
The down beam shaping vector processing unit, be used for according to primary and secondary characteristic vector and the primary and secondary characteristic value of determining this spatial correlation matrix from the up user's of described channel estimating unit channel impulse response, the weighing vector of determining down beam shaping according to the primary and secondary characteristic vector and the primary and secondary characteristic value of described spatial correlation matrix again;
Baseband modulation and weighted network unit are used for according to the weighing vector of down beam shaping is described the downstream signal that sends to the user being carried out baseband modulation and weighted, realize down beam shaping by described weighted;
D/A D/A conversion and radio frequency transmitting element are used for and will carry out D/A conversion and rf modulations from the downstream signal after the weighting of described baseband modulation and weighted network unit 5, and launch by described antenna converting unit.
Described down beam shaping vector processing unit further comprises:
The spatial correlation matrix processing module is used for determining according to the up user's who is received channel impulse response this user's spatial correlation matrix;
Main characteristic vector processing module is used for determining according to described spatial correlation matrix the main characteristic vector and the dominant eigenvalue of this spatial correlation matrix;
The sub-eigenvector processing module is used for determining according to the spatial correlation matrix of described main characteristic vector processing module output and main characteristic vector thereof and dominant eigenvalue the sub-eigenvector and the dominant eigenvalue of this spatial correlation matrix;
The weighing vector processing module is used for main characteristic vector and the sub-eigenvector of dominant eigenvalue and the output of described sub-eigenvector processing module and the weighing vector that dominant eigenvalue is determined down beam shaping according to described main characteristic vector processing module output.
Wherein, described down beam shaping vector processing unit is realized by fixed-point dsp or floating-point signal processor.
This shows, down beam shaping method of the present invention and device are by handling the user's space correlation matrix, calculate the primary and secondary characteristic vector and the primary and secondary characteristic value of this spatial correlation matrix, and passing ratio average weighted method is calculated described weighing vector, it is the weighted factor of described each antenna element of smart antenna array, make behind the down beam shaping, the power maximum of terminal down receiving signal, thus reduce the influence of multipath fading to greatest extent;
In addition, because method of the present invention and device can obtain the primary and secondary characteristic vector and the primary and secondary characteristic value of user's space correlation matrix fast by power iteration method or Rayleigh quotient iteration method, calculate simple, operand is little, thereby can determine the weighing vector of down beam shaping apace, so method of the present invention and device can be followed the tracks of the variation of wireless channel with the fastest speed, obtain optimum down beam shaping effect;
When adopting digital signal processor to realize method of the present invention, very little to the consumption of base station equipment memory source, saved the cost of system;
At last, because method of the present invention and device do not need to know user's direction, also do not need to store in advance the antenna-array response parameters such as guiding vector of intelligent antenna array, thereby method of the present invention and device go for the aerial array of multiple geometry arrangement.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the basic flow sheet of the down beam shaping method of existing antenna system;
Fig. 2 is the down beam shaping method of the described antenna system of the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
When Fig. 3 carries out down beam shaping for adopting described down beam shaping method of the preferred embodiment of the present invention and existing fixed beam method respectively, the input of terminal received signal, output signal-to-noise ratio concern schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is for using the down beam shaping apparatus structure schematic diagram of the described down beam shaping method of the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the internal structure schematic diagram of down beam shaping vector processing unit among Fig. 4.
Embodiment
For the purpose, technical scheme and the advantage that make invention is clearer, below with reference to the accompanying drawing embodiment that develops simultaneously, the present invention is described in further detail.
A preferred embodiment of the present invention has provided a kind of method of carrying out down beam shaping, as shown in Figure 2, mainly may further comprise the steps:
A, obtain one of active user i channel impulse response by channel estimating and estimate h
i
In this step, can obtain the channel impulse response valuation h of active user i by existing various channel estimation methods
i
B, according to the estimation h of user i channel impulse response
iCalculate the spatial correlation matrix R of this user i
i
In this step, the spatial correlation matrix R of described respective user i
iCalculating can adopt following formula (1) to calculate:
R
i＝λR
i+(1-λ)h
ih
i H (1)
Wherein, λ is a smoothing factor, can be taken as the decimal between 0 to 1, h
i HExpression h
iTransposition.In addition, when i=0, R
0=zeros (M, M) being illustrated in the level and smooth estimation of recursion preceding is full null matrix with the initialization correlation matrix, M is a number of antennas.
C, the described spatial correlation matrix R of calculating
iMain characteristic vector initial approximation vector e
0
The described calculating of this step mainly comprises:
To described spatial correlation matrix R
iDiagonal element retrieve and sort, find out maximum c wherein
jWith second largest value c
kAnd with described maximum c
jWith second largest value c
kCorresponding column vector r
jAnd r
k
According to described maximum c
jAnd corresponding column vector r
jAnd described second largest value c
kAnd corresponding column vector r
kCalculate described spatial correlation matrix R
iMain characteristic vector initial approximation vector e
0
Be specially: judge inequality | c
j-c
k|＜0.1c
jWhether set up,, then make e if set up
0=c
jr
j+ c
kr
kOtherwise, make e
0=r
jThen, again to e
0Normalization, even
D, employing power iteration method are according to spatial correlation matrix R
iMain characteristic vector initial approximation vector e
0Obtain described spatial correlation matrix R
iDominant eigenvalue E
iAnd main characteristic vector e
i
The described power iteration of this step comprises the steps:
D1, the power iteration number of times is set is n, and makes the main characteristic vector e of described spatial correlation matrix
iBe the described main characteristic vector initial approximation vector e of step C
0Even, e
i=e
0
Wherein, set power iteration number of times can be set according to the actual needs, and manager demonstration is bright when n=6, and the characteristic vector that calculates will will be less than 10 with the relative error of actual value
-5, therefore, preferably, can the power iteration frequency n be set to 6, in the application of reality,, can suitably increase the value of power iteration frequency n in order to approach the actual value of characteristic vector more;
D2, judge whether described power iteration number of times is 0,, carry out D4 if then described power iteration is finished; Otherwise, execution in step D3;
D3, make the described main characteristic vector e behind this power iteration
iBe main characteristic vector e before this iteration
iWith described spatial correlation matrix R
iLong-pending, and to the main characteristic vector e behind the power iteration
iStandardize, then described power iteration frequency n is subtracted 1, and return step D2;
Promptly adopt the main characteristic vector e after power iteration is calculated in following formula (2) and (3)
i:
e
i＝Rie
i (2)
D4, ask with power iteration after described main characteristic vector e
iCharacteristic of correspondence value E
i
In this step, can calculate described characteristic value E by following formula (4)
i:
E
i＝e
i HR
ie
i (4)
Promptly can obtain described spatial correlation matrix R by above-mentioned steps D1～D4
iThe E of dominant eigenvalue more accurately
iAnd main characteristic vector e
i
E, from described spatial correlation matrix R
iMiddle its dominant eigenvalue E that removes
iAnd main characteristic vector e
iTo described spatial correlation matrix R
iContribution, obtain removing dominant eigenvalue E
iAnd main characteristic vector e
iAfter new spatial correlation matrix R
i
In this step, adopt following formula (5) to realize described removal operation:
R
i＝R
i-E
ie
ie
i H (5)
F, according to removing dominant eigenvalue E
iAnd main characteristic vector e
iAfter spatial correlation matrix R
iCalculate described removal dominant eigenvalue E
iAnd main characteristic vector e
iAfter new spatial correlation matrix R
iMain characteristic vector initial approximation vector, i.e. the sub-eigenvector initial approximation of former spatial correlation matrix vector e
1
Concrete computational methods comprise:
F1, to removing dominant eigenvalue E
iAnd main characteristic vector e
iAfter spatial correlation matrix R
iDiagonal element retrieve and sort, find out maximum c wherein
jWith second largest value c
kAnd with described maximum c
jWith second largest value c
kCorresponding column vector r
jAnd r
k
F2, judgement inequality | c
j-c
k|＜0.1c
jWhether set up,, then make e if set up
1=c
jr
j+ c
kr
kOtherwise, make e
1=r
j
F3, to e
1Normalization, even
G, adopt the power iteration method once more, according to removing dominant eigenvalue E
iAnd main characteristic vector e
iAfter spatial correlation matrix R
iReach the sub-eigenvector initial approximation vector e that obtains in step F
1Obtain the sub-eigenvalue E of former spatial correlation matrix
mAnd sub-eigenvector e
m, just remove dominant eigenvalue E
iAnd main characteristic vector e
iAfter new spatial correlation matrix R
iDominant eigenvalue and main characteristic vector.
The described power iteration method of this step is identical with the described method of step D, specifically comprises:
G1, the power iteration number of times is set is n, and makes the sub-eigenvector e of described spatial correlation matrix
mBe the described sub-eigenvector initial approximation vector of step F e
1
Wherein, described power iteration frequency n can be provided with identical numerical value with step D1;
G2, judge whether described power iteration number of times is 0,, carry out G4 if then described power iteration is finished; Otherwise, execution in step G3;
G3, make the described sub-eigenvector e behind this power iteration
mBe sub-eigenvector e before this iteration
mWith described spatial correlation matrix R
iLong-pending, even e
m=Rie
m, and to the sub-eigenvector e behind the power iteration
mStandardize, even
Then described power iteration frequency n is subtracted 1, and return step G2;
G4, utilize formula E
m=e
m HR
me
mObtain with power iteration after described sub-eigenvector e
mCharacteristic of correspondence value E
m
H, with the primary and secondary characteristic value E of described spatial correlation matrix
i, E
m, and corresponding primary and secondary characteristic vector e
i, e
m, carry out the ratio average weighted according to the size of characteristic value, obtain down beam shaping weighing vector w that should user i
i
The described average weighted of this step can realize by following formula (6):
The weighing vector that calculates in this step comprises the weighted factor of described each antenna element of smart antenna array.
I, the weighing vector w that uses step H to calculate
i, the downstream signal of user i is weighted, launch from radio frequency sending set, realize down beam shaping thus to the downstream signal that sends to user i.
Because algorithm is simple, the method of the described down beam shaping of present embodiment can realize with fixed-point dsp (DSP) fully, and numerical stability is fine, amount of calculation is very little, fixed beam algorithm with respect to the simplification of adopting thickness scanning is calculated has only its amount of calculation of 1/3 to 1/2.Like this, if in the TD-SCDMA system, use this method, suppose not consider the propagation delay time of antenna data from the antenna port to the digital signal processor, scheduling through rational Digital Signal Processing software, in the ascending time slot TS2 of n frame, receive upward signal, through the calculating of channel estimating and down beam shaping, can realize down beam shaping to the signal of the descending time slot TS4 of same frame so fully.Therefore, use the described method of present embodiment, the delay of uplink and downlink wave beam forming can be controlled within the 1-2 time slot, can overcome by the big big shortcoming of wave beam forming time delay that causes of general down beam shaping method amount of calculation, variation with the fastest speed tracking wireless channel obtains optimum down beam shaping effect.
The effect that is obtained when adopting described method of present embodiment and existing fixed beam method to carry out down beam shaping more respectively below by emulation experiment.At this, suppose to use the Microcell environment of the TD-SCDMA network of unit 8 linear antenna array, Target cell always has 4 users, and it is that 8 up channel and spread spectrum coefficient are 16 down channel that each user has a spread spectrum coefficient.Each user is in the environment of multipath fading.Wherein, each user's direction of arrival of signal (DOA) becomes evenly to distribute in the 120 degree scopes of sector.Here consider application protocol 3GPP﹠amp; Method adds the influence of angle spread in the aerial reference model of 3GPP2 recent proposals, and every paths is being divided into 20 single sub path, and the direction of every paths has a fixing deviation with the direction in main footpath.Fig. 3 has shown that in these cases input, output signal-to-noise ratio when adopting described down beam shaping method of present embodiment and existing fixed beam method to carry out down beam shaping concern schematic diagram.Wherein, the transverse axis of curve shown in Figure 3 is represented the input signal to noise ratio of terminal, and the longitudinal axis represents behind down beam shaping, the demodulation signal to noise ratio that receives in the Optimum Matching filtering of terminal.The signal to noise ratio of terminal received signal when the starlike point among Fig. 3 represents to adopt the described method of embodiment, the signal to noise ratio of terminal received signal when round dot is represented to adopt the fixed beam method.As can be seen from Figure 3, under identical input signal-to-noise ratio environment, adopt the described down beam shaping method terminal of present embodiment can obtain better reception.
If the base station adopts the DSP of floating-point to realize the method for the foregoing description, then can adopt fully iteration faster Rayleigh (Rayleigh) merchant iterative algorithm replace above-mentioned steps D and the described power iteration algorithm of step G to calculate described spatial correlation matrix R
iPrimary and secondary characteristic value and primary and secondary characteristic vector.Use Rayleigh merchant's iterative algorithm to calculate described spatial correlation matrix R
iPrimary and secondary characteristic value and the requirement that usually only needs 2-3 time iteration just can satisfy accuracy fully of primary and secondary characteristic vector, therefore, can realize down beam shaping more fast.
Another preferential embodiment of the present invention has provided employing Rayleigh merchant iterative algorithm and has calculated described spatial correlation matrix R
iPrimary and secondary characteristic value and primary and secondary characteristic vector, and carry out the method for down beam shaping.
The difference of a present embodiment and a last embodiment only is that at step D and step G, present embodiment will adopt Rayleigh merchant's iteration to substitute described power iteration and calculate described spatial correlation matrix R
iPrimary and secondary characteristic value and primary and secondary characteristic vector.Below to calculate described spatial correlation matrix R
iMain characteristic vector e
iBe the described Rayleigh merchant's alternative manner of example explanation present embodiment, mainly may further comprise the steps:
A, Rayleigh merchant's iterations is set is n, and makes described spatial correlation matrix R
iMain characteristic vector e
iBe the described main characteristic vector initial approximation vector e of step C
0
Wherein, described Rayleigh merchant's iterations n can rule of thumb be worth setting, when adopting Rayleigh merchant's iterative algorithm, n can be made as 3;
B, judge whether described Rayleigh merchant's iterations is 0,, carry out f if then described Rayleigh merchant's iteration is finished; Otherwise, execution in step c;
C, utilize following formula to calculate the first intermediate variable B, B=R
i-(e
i HR
ie
i) * eye (M); Wherein, the unit square formation of Function e ye (M) expression expression M * M; M is the antenna element number of smart antenna array;
D, By=e solves an equation
i, obtaining the second intermediate variable y, the described second intermediate variable y is standardized obtains main characteristic vector e
iEven,
Return step b then;
In this step, can select any algorithm of solving an equation for use, as the Gauss elimination, LU factorization, even Cholesky decomposition method.Even along with iteration is carried out, matrix B is more and more near singular matrix, and still, the finding the solution of characteristic vector only needs to guarantee the orthogonality of separating, and it is just passable that characteristic vector is positioned at this condition of signal subspace, do not need to separate fully accurately.
F, employing formula E
i=e
i HR
ie
iAsk with iteration after described main characteristic vector e
iCharacteristic of correspondence value E
i
Also can obtain described spatial correlation matrix R by above-mentioned steps a～f
iDominant eigenvalue more accurately and main characteristic vector.
Utilize the described spatial correlation matrix R of Rayleigh merchant's iterative computation
iThe sub-eigenvalue and the method for sub-eigenvector identical with the method for aforementioned calculation dominant eigenvalue and main characteristic vector, only need the spatial correlation matrix R among above-mentioned steps a～f
iReplace with dominant eigenvalue E
iAnd main characteristic vector e
iAfter spatial correlation matrix R
i, with described main characteristic vector initial approximation vector e
0Replace with the described sub-eigenvector initial approximation vector of step F e
1, with described main characteristic vector e
iReplace with sub-eigenvector e
m, again with described dominant eigenvalue E
iReplace with sub-eigenvalue E
m
Because Rayleigh merchant's iterative method can obtain therefore, by the described method of present embodiment, can realize following the tracks of more apace the situation of change of wireless channel than the better iteration effect of power iteration method, thereby obtain better down beam shaping effect.
In order to realize said method, the present invention gives a kind of down beam shaping device of realizing said method.This device mainly comprises as shown in Figure 4 with lower member:
The antenna converting unit 1 that comprises aerial array, system is used in need receive the time of upward signal, aerial array is linked to each other with radio frequency revenue and expenditure road, from aerial array, receive user's upstream data, and in system need send the time of downstream signal, the downlink data that sends to the user is sent by aerial array;
The purpose that employing comprises the antenna converting unit of aerial array is because in the wireless communication system of time division duplex, therefore same antenna of transmit-receive sharing, need unit of extra employing to carry out the time divisional processing that aerial array transmits and receives.And for other receptions with send to use the wireless communication system of stand-alone antenna array, then do not need described antenna converting unit.
Radio frequency receives and mould/number (A/D) converting unit 2, is used for the user uplink signal that described antenna converting unit 1 receives is carried out rf filtering, amplification and A/D conversion, obtains digital uplink signal;
Channel estimating unit 3 is used for according to receive the channel impulse response h of estimating up user with the digital uplink signal of mould/number (A/D) converting unit 2 from described radio frequency
i
Down beam shaping vector processing unit 4 is used for the channel impulse response h of basis from the up user of described channel estimating unit 3
iDetermine the primary and secondary characteristic vector and the primary and secondary characteristic value of this spatial correlation matrix, again the weighing vector w that determines down beam shaping according to the primary and secondary characteristic vector and the primary and secondary characteristic value of described spatial correlation matrix
i
Baseband modulation and weighted network unit 5 are used for the weighing vector w according to down beam shaping
iDescribed the downstream signal that sends to the user is carried out baseband modulation and weighted, realize down beam shaping by described weighted;
D/A conversion and radio frequency transmitting element 6 are used for and will carry out D/A conversion and rf modulations from the downstream signal after the weighting of described baseband modulation and weighted network unit 5, and launch by described antenna converting unit 1.
Wherein, the internal structure of described down beam shaping vector processing unit 4 mainly comprises as shown in Figure 5:
Spatial correlation matrix processing module 401 is used to utilize above-mentioned formula (1), according to the up user's who is received channel impulse response h
iDetermine spatial correlation matrix R
i
Main characteristic vector processing module 402 is used for according to described spatial correlation matrix R
iDetermine this spatial correlation matrix R
iMain characteristic vector e
iWith dominant eigenvalue E
i
Wherein, described main characteristic vector processing module 402 will adopt with step C～D or step a～f same procedure and determine described spatial correlation matrix R
iMain characteristic vector e
iWith dominant eigenvalue E
i
Sub-eigenvector processing module 403 is used for the spatial correlation matrix R according to described main characteristic vector processing module 402 outputs
iAnd main characteristic vector e
iWith dominant eigenvalue E
iDetermine this spatial correlation matrix R
iSub-eigenvector e
mWith dominant eigenvalue E
m
Wherein, described sub-eigenvector processing module 403 will adopt with step F～G or step a～f same procedure and determine described spatial correlation matrix R
iSub-eigenvector e
mWith dominant eigenvalue E
m
Weighing vector processing module 404 is used to utilize above-mentioned formula (6), according to the main characteristic vector e of described main characteristic vector processing module 402 outputs
iWith dominant eigenvalue E
iAnd the sub-eigenvector e of described sub-eigenvector processing module 403 outputs
mWith dominant eigenvalue E
mDetermine the weighing vector w of down beam shaping
i
Need to prove that each module of above-mentioned down beam shaping vector processing unit 4 all can utilize existing fixed DSP or Floating-point DSP to realize.
The above only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is in order to restriction the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention not all, any modification of being done, is equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (14)
1, a kind of method of down beam shaping is characterized in that, comprising:
A, obtain the estimation of a user's channel impulse response, and calculate this user's spatial correlation matrix according to the estimation of this subscriber channel impulse response by channel estimating;
B, determine main characteristic vector, dominant eigenvalue, sub-eigenvector and the sub-eigenvalue of described space correlation according to described spatial correlation matrix;
C, with the main characteristic vector and the sub-eigenvector of described spatial correlation matrix, carry out the ratio average weighted according to the size of its dominant eigenvalue and sub-eigenvalue, obtain described user's down beam shaping weighing vector;
D, use described down beam shaping weighing vector, described user's downstream signal is weighted, and launches by radio frequency sending set.
2, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the described calculating of steps A is by formula R
i=λ R
i+ (1-λ) h
ih
i HRealize, wherein, R
iBe described spatial correlation matrix, λ is a smoothing factor, can be taken as the decimal between 0 to 1, h
iBe the estimation of described user's channel impulse response, h
i HExpression h
iTransposition.
3, method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, step B is described to be determined may further comprise the steps:
The main characteristic vector initial approximation vector of B1, the described spatial correlation matrix of calculating;
B2, determine the dominant eigenvalue and the main characteristic vector of described spatial correlation matrix according to the main characteristic vector initial approximation vector of spatial correlation matrix;
The sub-eigenvector initial approximation vector of B3, the described spatial correlation matrix of calculating;
B4, determine the sub-eigenvalue and the sub-eigenvector of spatial correlation matrix according to the sub-eigenvector initial approximation of described spatial correlation matrix vector.
4, method according to claim 3 is characterized in that, the described calculating of step B1 comprises:
B11, the diagonal element of described spatial correlation matrix is retrieved and sorted, find out maximum c wherein
jWith second largest value c
kAnd with described maximum c
jWith second largest value c
kCorresponding column vector r
iAnd r
k
B12, judgement inequality | c
j-c
k|＜0.1c
jWhether set up,, then make described main characteristic vector initial approximation vector e if set up
0=c
jr
j+ c
kr
kOtherwise, make described main characteristic vector initial approximation vector e
0=r
j
B13, described main characteristic vector initial approximation vector is standardized.
5, method according to claim 3 is characterized in that, in step B2, determines to may further comprise the steps the dominant eigenvalue and the main characteristic vector of described spatial correlation matrix by the power iteration method:
B21, the power iteration number of times is set, and makes the described main characteristic vector initial approximation vector of main characteristic vector of described spatial correlation matrix;
B22, judge whether described power iteration number of times is 0,, carry out B24 if then described power iteration is finished; Otherwise, execution in step B23;
B23, make the described main characteristic vector behind this power iteration amass, and the main characteristic vector behind this power iteration is standardized, then described power iteration number of times is subtracted 1, and return step B22 for main characteristic vector before this iteration and described spatial correlation matrix are;
B24, according to formula E
i=e
i HR
ie
iDescribed main characteristic vector characteristic of correspondence value behind the calculating power iteration, wherein, E
iBe described dominant eigenvalue, e
iBe described main characteristic vector, e
i HBe described main characteristic vector e
iTransposition, R
iBe described spatial correlation matrix.
6, method according to claim 3 is characterized in that, in step B2, determines to comprise the dominant eigenvalue and the main characteristic vector of described spatial correlation matrix by the Rayleigh quotient iteration method:
B211, the Rayleigh quotient iteration number of times is set, and makes the described main characteristic vector initial approximation vector of main characteristic vector of described spatial correlation matrix;
B212, judge whether described Rayleigh quotient iteration number of times is 0,, carry out B215 if then described power iteration is finished; Otherwise, execution in step B213;
B213, utilize formula B=R
i-(e
i HR
ie
i) * eye (M) calculates the first intermediate variable B; Wherein, R
iBe described spatial correlation matrix, e
iBe described main characteristic vector, e
i HBe described main characteristic vector e
iTransposition, the unit square formation of Function e ye (M) expression expression M * M; M is the antenna element number of smart antenna array;
B214, By=e solves an equation
i, obtain the second intermediate variable y, and the described second intermediate variable y standardized obtain described main characteristic vector, return step B212 then;
B215, according to formula E
i=e
i HR
ie
iCalculate described main characteristic vector characteristic of correspondence value E
i
7, method according to claim 3 is characterized in that, the described calculating of step B3 comprises:
B31, from described spatial correlation matrix, remove its dominant eigenvalue and main characteristic vector the contribution of described spatial correlation matrix is obtained removing spatial correlation matrix after dominant eigenvalue and the main characteristic vector;
B32, the diagonal element of the spatial correlation matrix after described removal dominant eigenvalue and the main characteristic vector is retrieved and sorted, find out maximum c wherein
jWith second largest value c
kAnd with described maximum c
jWith second largest value c
kCorresponding column vector r
jAnd r
k
B33, judgement inequality | c
j-c
k|＜0.1c
jWhether set up,, then make described sub-eigenvector initial approximation vector e if set up
1=c
jr
j+ c
kr
kOtherwise, make described sub-eigenvector initial approximation vector e
1=r
j
B34, described sub-eigenvector initial approximation vector is standardized.
8, method according to claim 3 is characterized in that, in step B4, determines to comprise the sub-eigenvalue and the sub-eigenvector of described spatial correlation matrix by the power iteration method:
B41, the power iteration number of times is set, and makes the sub-eigenvector of described spatial correlation matrix equal described sub-eigenvector initial approximation vector;
B42, judge whether described power iteration number of times is 0,, carry out B44 if then described power iteration is finished; Otherwise, execution in step B43;
B23, make the described sub-eigenvector behind this power iteration be the amassing of spatial correlation matrix after sub-eigenvector before this iteration and described removal dominant eigenvalue and the main characteristic vector, and the main characteristic vector after this time iteration standardized, then described power iteration number of times is subtracted 1, and return step B42;
B44, according to formula E
m=e
m HR
me
mDescribed sub-eigenvector characteristic of correspondence value behind the calculating power iteration, wherein, E
mBe described sub-eigenvalue, e
mBe described sub-eigenvector, e
m HBe described sub-eigenvector e
mTransposition, R
iBe the spatial correlation matrix after described removal dominant eigenvalue and the main characteristic vector.
According to claim 7 or 8 described methods, it is characterized in that 9, described removal dominant eigenvalue and main characteristic vector space correlation matrix are: utilize R
i=R
i-E
ie
ie
i HThe spatial correlation matrix that obtains after the calculating.
10, method according to claim 3 is characterized in that, in step B4, determines to comprise the sub-eigenvalue and the sub-eigenvector of described spatial correlation matrix by the Rayleigh quotient iteration method:
B411, the Rayleigh quotient iteration number of times is set, and makes the described sub-eigenvector initial approximation of the sub-eigenvector vector of described spatial correlation matrix;
B412, judge whether described Rayleigh quotient iteration number of times is 0,, carry out B415 if then described Rayleigh quotient iteration is finished; Otherwise, execution in step B413;
B413, utilize formula B=R
i-(e
m HR
ie
m) * eye (M) calculates the first intermediate variable B; Wherein, R
iBe the spatial correlation matrix after described removal dominant eigenvalue and the main characteristic vector, e
mBe described sub-eigenvector, e
m HBe described sub-eigenvector e
mTransposition, the unit square formation of Function e ye (M) expression expression M * M; M is the antenna element number of smart antenna array;
B414, By=e solves an equation
m, obtain the second intermediate variable y, and the described second intermediate variable y standardized obtain sub-eigenvector, return step B412 then;
B415, according to formula E
m=e
m HR
ie
mCalculate the sub-eigenvalue E of described sub-eigenvector correspondence
m
11, method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, the described ratio average weighted of step C is: utilize formula
Calculate described user's down beam shaping weighing vector w
i, wherein, E
iBe described dominant eigenvalue, e
iBe described characteristic vector, E
mBe described sub-eigenvalue, e
mBe described sub-eigenvector.
12, a kind of down beam shaping device is characterized in that, comprising:
The antenna converting unit that comprises aerial array is used for receiving from aerial array user's upstream data, and the downlink data that will send to the user sends by aerial array;
Radio frequency receives and mould/number A/D converting unit, is used for the user uplink signal that described antenna converting unit receives is carried out rf filtering, amplification and A/D conversion, obtains digital uplink signal;
Channel estimating unit is used for according to receive the channel impulse response of estimating up user with the digital uplink signal of A/D converting unit from described radio frequency;
The down beam shaping vector processing unit, be used for according to primary and secondary characteristic vector and the primary and secondary characteristic value of determining this spatial correlation matrix from the up user's of described channel estimating unit channel impulse response, the weighing vector of determining down beam shaping according to the primary and secondary characteristic vector and the primary and secondary characteristic value of described spatial correlation matrix again;
Baseband modulation and weighted network unit are used for according to the weighing vector of down beam shaping is described the downstream signal that sends to the user being carried out baseband modulation and weighted, realize down beam shaping by described weighted;
D/A D/A conversion and radio frequency transmitting element are used for and will carry out D/A conversion and rf modulations from the downstream signal after the weighting of described baseband modulation and weighted network unit 5, and launch by described antenna converting unit.
13, device according to claim 12 is characterized in that, described down beam shaping vector processing unit further comprises:
The spatial correlation matrix processing module is used for determining according to the up user's who is received channel impulse response this user's spatial correlation matrix;
Main characteristic vector processing module is used for determining according to described spatial correlation matrix the main characteristic vector and the dominant eigenvalue of this spatial correlation matrix;
The sub-eigenvector processing module is used for determining according to the spatial correlation matrix of described main characteristic vector processing module output and main characteristic vector thereof and dominant eigenvalue the sub-eigenvector and the dominant eigenvalue of this spatial correlation matrix;
The weighing vector processing module is used for main characteristic vector and the sub-eigenvector of dominant eigenvalue and the output of described sub-eigenvector processing module and the weighing vector that dominant eigenvalue is determined down beam shaping according to described main characteristic vector processing module output.
According to claim 12 or 13 described devices, it is characterized in that 14, described down beam shaping vector processing unit is realized by fixed-point dsp or floating-point signal processor.
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Denomination of invention: Method and device for downlink wave beam shaping Effective date of registration: 20151105 Granted publication date: 20091007 Pledgee: Bank of Beijing Limited by Share Ltd. Century City Branch Pledgor: POTEVIO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Registration number: 2015990000948 |
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Date of cancellation: 20161008 Granted publication date: 20091007 Pledgee: Bank of Beijing Limited by Share Ltd. Century City Branch Pledgor: POTEVIO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Registration number: 2015990000948 |
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Denomination of invention: Method and device for downlink wave beam shaping Effective date of registration: 20161011 Granted publication date: 20091007 Pledgee: Bank of Beijing Limited by Share Ltd. Century City Branch Pledgor: POTEVIO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Registration number: 2016990000859 |
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| PC01 | Cancellation of the registration of the contract for pledge of patent right | ||
| PC01 | Cancellation of the registration of the contract for pledge of patent right |
Date of cancellation: 20170802 Granted publication date: 20091007 Pledgee: Bank of Beijing Limited by Share Ltd. Century City Branch Pledgor: POTEVIO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Registration number: 2016990000859 |
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| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20091007 |
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| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |