CN101045195A - Liquid phase catalytic oxidation method for purifying tail gas containing phosphine - Google Patents
Liquid phase catalytic oxidation method for purifying tail gas containing phosphine Download PDFInfo
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- CN101045195A CN101045195A CNA2006100488896A CN200610048889A CN101045195A CN 101045195 A CN101045195 A CN 101045195A CN A2006100488896 A CNA2006100488896 A CN A2006100488896A CN 200610048889 A CN200610048889 A CN 200610048889A CN 101045195 A CN101045195 A CN 101045195A
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- tail gas
- palladium
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- hydrogen phosphide
- phosphine
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Abstract
A liquid-phase catalytic oxidizing process for cleaning the tail gas containing hydrogen phosphide includes such steps as respectively dissolving Cu-contained catalyst and Pd-contained catalyst in acid or water, mixing to obtain a mixed catalyst solution, countercurrent reaction between said mixed catalyst solution and said tail gas in an absorption tower for removing hydrogen phosphide from tail gas, and oxidizing the hydrogen phosphide to become phosphoric acid.
Description
One, affiliated technical field: the present invention relates to a kind of method of liquid phase catalytic oxidation purifying tail gas containing phosphine, particularly relate to method with the chemical method purifying tail gas containing phosphine.
Two, background technology:
Hydrogen phosphide (PH
3) time, the people is poisoned.Chronic contact is at PH
318mg/Nm
3Working under the concentration, dizziness, insomnia, pharynx nasalis to occur dried be a kind of stench, colourless, carcinogenic hypertoxic gas.PH in air
3Content reaches 10mg/Nm
3Dry, nauseating and weak, the adult is at 50mg/Nm
3Concentration under expose 0.5～1h and will cause death.PH
3Can in processes such as phosphorus production, the preparation of magnesium powder, sodium hypophosphite production, acetylene production, feed fermentation, semi-conductor industry production and fumigant insect killing, produce as difficult purifying contaminated thing, not only cause environmental pollution, endangered health but also restricted production process control, safety in production and comprehensive utilization of waste materials.
At present, PH
3The purification of waste gas has methods such as burning, absorption method, chemical absorbing.Firing method purifies PH
3Be more common in the traditional treatment method of yellow phosphoric tail gas, it is to utilize yellow phosphoric tail gas to have higher calorific value, the burning high temperature under with PH
3And other pollutant oxidation, purification.This method can not reclaim CO in the yellow phosphoric tail gas, and the energy resource waste is big.Also there is report to adopt firing method to remove PH
3Reactor, the PH of this reactor
3Purification efficiency can be near 100%, but its energy resource consumption is big, gas-powered is difficult, treating capacity is little.
Absorption method can be divided into physisorphtion and chemiadsorption, and physisorphtion is to utilize adsorbent bigger serface and surface free energy that adsorbate is adsorbed, and its adsorption capacity is lower.Present more usefulness be chemisorbed.Typical absorption method has Immesion active carbon catalytic oxidation and alternating temperature pressure swing adsorption method.Disclose a kind of method that adopts fixed bed catalytic oxidation to purify yellow phosphoric tail gas in patent CN 1398658A (publication number), wherein catalyst for catalytic oxidation adopts Immesion active carbon.Immesion active carbon catalytic oxidation purification efficiency is higher, when adopting the method dephosphorization, need to consume a large amount of active carbons, and need carry out the impregnation process of active carbon, though active carbon can regenerate, but since active carbon to P
2O
3And P
2O
5Adsorption capacity very strong, have the shortcoming of difficulty of adsorbent reactivation.In addition, be subjected to other pollutant effects in the unstripped gas, active carbon easily lost efficacy.Patent CN 1345620A (publication number) has announced a kind of method with the pressure swing adsorption purge yellow phosphoric tail gas.Transformation absorption is to utilize under different pressures adsorbent to PH
3The difference of adsorption capacity is carried out PH
3Isolation of purified.This method technology is complicated, investment is big, and will consume big energy in the transformation process.The report that low-temperature adsorption, metal oxide absorption method are also arranged in addition.Low-temperature adsorption be in a kind of employing cupric oxide, manganese oxide, silica, aluminium oxide, the zinc oxide at least a metal oxide after moulding as adsorbent, can use down and remove PH being lower than 10 ℃
3A kind of adsorption method.The metal oxide absorption method is with PH
3High temperature adds thermal decomposition, utilize temperature be higher than 100 ℃ of calcium oxide make complete decomposition and with the elemental phosphorous generation calcium phosphide that decompose to generate to purify PH
3Method.The existing PH that has reported
3In the purification method, adopt the more of absorption method.
Oxidant oxidation absorption process is to utilize solution and the PH that contains oxidant (as: clorox, potassium permanganate, sulfuric acid, hydrogen peroxide etc.)
3Carry out chemical reaction and realize PH
3Purification, these technologies are comparatively common at grain, tobacco business, storage field.This method will consume oxidant, and dephosphorization efficient depends on oxidant concentration, and oxidant concentration descends very soon in the absorption reaction process, thereby has that operating cost is higher, dephosphorization efficient easily fluctuates, installs the shortcoming of poor operability.
Three, summary of the invention
1, purpose of the present invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of liquid phase catalytic oxidation purifying tail gas containing phosphine, from tail gas containing phosphine, remove hydrogen phosphide, hydrogen phosphide is oxidized to the phosphoric acid byproduct again and realizes resource, also effectively remove the pollution problem of hydrogen phosphide, also provide practical purification method as carbonizer's raw material simultaneously for yellow phosphoric tail gas and closed calcium carbide furnace tail gas.
2, technology contents of the present invention
1) the required raw material of catalyst preparation
1. Cu-contained catalyst comprises a kind of in elemental copper, cupric oxide, copper sulphate, copper nitrate, copper chloride, the Schweinfurt green;
2. palladium-containing catalyst comprises a kind of in simple substance palladium, palladium sulfate, palladium nitrate, palladium, the palladium bichloride;
3. solvent comprises hydrochloric acid, nitric acid or sulfuric acid and water.
2) object of the present invention's processing
Phosphine containing (PH
3) tail gas of gas, comprise the PH that contains that produces in yellow phosphoric tail gas, closed calcium carbide furnace tail gas, the preparation of magnesium powder, sodium hypophosphite production, feed fermentation, semi-conductor industry production and the fumigant insect killing process
3Tail gas.
3) technical process of the present invention
1. preparation of catalysts
Get cupric and palladium-containing catalyst respectively stirring and dissolving in concentration is 0～30% acid or water, mix, filter the mixed catalytic agent solution.Wherein the palladium mass concentration is 0.05～50g/L, and copper mass concentration is 0.1～150g/L; Is good with palladium bichloride, copper chloride as catalyst, and acid is good with hydrochloric acid.
2. the process for purifying process of hydrogen phosphide in the tail gas containing phosphine
Method one: hydrogen phosphide absorbs the catalyzing, oxidizing and purifying technology of carrying out step by step with oxidation
Contain CO 80～90%, PH
3400～1400mg/m
3Yellow phosphoric tail gas, closed calcium carbide furnace tail gas in be rich in carbon monoxide, after purifying, can be used as carbonizer's unstripped gas.If by purifying again after the oxygenating, then may also reduce the selectivity of catalyzing, oxidizing and purifying simultaneously owing to the oxygenating process is sneaked into more foreign gas.Therefore, adopt hydrogen phosphide to absorb the technology of carrying out step by step with oxidation to removing of hydrogen phosphide in yellow phosphoric tail gas, the closed calcium carbide furnace tail gas, purified gas also is used as the raw material of other production links.
With above-mentioned tail gas containing phosphine in the absorption tower in 4～100 ℃ with the palladium of being prepared that contains, the mixed catalytic agent solution of copper reacts, adopt tail gas containing phosphine from lower to upper, the gas-liquid conversed from top to bottom way of contact of mixed catalytic agent solution feeds the absorption tower, generate the palladium simple substance of indissoluble after part hydrogen phosphide and the palladium ion haptoreaction, part hydrogen phosphide and copper ion generate the phosphor-copper of indissoluble, part hydrogen phosphide is oxidized to phosphoric acid, they all enter liquid phase, be absorbed the mixed catalytic agent solution and the qualified tail gas of purification of phosphine containing not of hydrogen phosphide, palladium simple substance, the generation of phosphor-copper can make mixed catalyst solution become black suspension.Described absorption tower can be a kind of in turbulent contact absorber, tray absorption columns, bubble absorbing tower, venturi scrubber, the stirring bubble absorbing tower.
The mixed catalytic agent solution that will absorb hydrogen phosphide is then sent into oxidizing tower and is carried out oxidation, in oxidizing tower, blast air or oxygen, make the hydrogen phosphide that is absorbed in the solution and oxygen generation oxidation reaction and become phosphoric acid, palladium simple substance then is oxidized to the divalence palladium ion, and phosphor-copper is converted into phosphoric acid and bivalent cupric ion.Mixed solution after the oxidation is discharged from oxidizing tower, sends into the absorption tower again and recycles.Oxidizing tower can be a kind of in packed column reactor, rapid ball absorption reactor thermally, plate-type reactor, bubbling reactor, falling film reactor, the stirring bubbling reactor.
Method two: oxygenating-catalyzing, oxidizing and purifying technology
At the tail gas that produces in the preparation of magnesium powder, sodium hypophosphite production, feed fermentation, semi-conductor industry production and the fumigant insect killing process, the phosphine concentration fluctuation range can be by 1mg/m
3To about 4 * 10
5Mg/m
3, the tail gas industrial utilization of generation is worth not high, directly effluxes after purifying usually, so can take oxygenating-catalytic oxidation technology according to oxygen content in these tail gas and hydrogen phosphide content situation.
For guaranteeing hydrogen phosphide sufficient oxidation, purification in the liquid phase catalytic oxidation process, the mol ratio that enters oxygen and hydrogen phosphide in the tail gas containing phosphine on catalytic oxidation absorption tower should be greater than 2, if oxygen content is on the low side, can adopt air or oxygen to mix with tail gas containing phosphine, the mol ratio that makes oxygen and hydrogen phosphide is greater than 2.
The above-mentioned tail gas containing phosphine that regulates oxygen content is reacted in 4～100 ℃ in the absorption tower with the mixed catalytic agent solution that contains palladium, copper that is mixed with, hydrogen phosphide is oxidized to phosphoric acid and enters liquid phase in solution, thereby realizes removing from tail gas containing phosphine the purpose of hydrogen phosphide.The absorption tower can be packed column reactor or rapid ball absorption reactor thermally or plate-type reactor or bubbling reactor or falling film reactor or stirs a kind of in the bubbling reactor.
The principle of liquid phase catalytic oxidation is:
3, the advantage that compared with prior art had of present technique
1. the hydrogen phosphide that contains in the active height of catalyst of the present invention, good stability, the good yellow phosphoric tail gas of selectivity and the closed calcium carbide furnace tail gas is its difficult point of carrying out recycling as carbonizer's unstripped gas, and catalyst of the present invention can make the removal efficiency of hydrogen phosphide keep 100% for a long time in the purification of yellow phosphoric tail gas and closed calcium carbide furnace tail gas, the yellow phosphoric tail gas after the purification satisfy as in carbonizer's unstripped gas to the requirement of hydrogen phosphide content.The high activity, high stability and the high selectivity that possess as good catalyst have been shown;
2. catalyst of the present invention is prepared easily, the phosphine concentration scope that can adapt to broad, hydrogen phosphide removes in the tail gas containing phosphine that can be applicable to produce in yellow phosphoric tail gas, closed calcium carbide furnace tail gas, the preparation of magnesium powder, sodium hypophosphite production, acetylene production, feed fermentation, semi-conductor industry production and the fumigant insect killing process;
3. catalyst can be recycled, and has reduced the purification cost.
Four, description of drawings: Fig. 1 is the process chart of the inventive method one, and Fig. 2 is the process chart of method two.
Five, the specific embodiment
Embodiment 1: the tail gas of processing is yellow phosphoric tail gas, and its main component percent by volume consists of CO 85～90%, CO
21～4%, H
21～8%, N
22～5%, H
2O 2-5%, PH
3400～1400mg/m
3Get the 2.1kg copper chloride and be dissolved in the 5L water, the 0.2kg palladium bichloride is dissolved in the hydrochloric acid of 5L 10%, both is mixed again, and filters, and discards filter residue, obtains 10L mixed catalyst solution for standby.
Will be through being that main component, hydrogen phosphide content are 400～1260mg/m with the carbon monoxide after washing and the alkali cleaning
3Yellow phosphoric tail gas with 10m
3/ h flow velocity feeds in the tower from spraying bottom, absorption tower, and the mixed catalytic agent solution for preparing sprays into from spraying top, absorption tower with 2L/h, and gas-liquid conversed contact is in 20～40 ℃ of reactions down of tower temperature.The mixed catalytic agent solution that has absorbed hydrogen phosphide is sent into to stir in the bubbling reactor and is carried out oxidation, and the feeding flow velocity is 5m
3It is recycling that the air of/h, the absorption liquid after the oxidation pump into the spraying absorption tower with pump again.After measured, hydrogen phosphide content is 0mg/m in the yellow phosphoric tail gas behind the absorption cleaning of spraying absorption tower
3
Embodiment 2: the tail gas of processing is closed calcium carbide furnace tail gas, and its main component percent by volume consists of CO 80～85%, H
27%, CO
21.5%, O
22%, N
27%, PH
3200～950mg/m
3
Get in the hydrochloric acid that the 37.6g cupric oxide is dissolved in 5L 20%, the 50.0g palladium is dissolved in the 55L water, and both are mixed, and filters, and discards filter residue, and gained filtrate is the mixed catalyst solution for standby.
Will be through being that main component, hydrogen phosphide content are 200～950mg/m with the carbon monoxide after the dust removal process
3Closed calcium carbide furnace tail gas with 10m
3/ h flow velocity feeds from bottom, venturi absorption tower, and the mixed catalytic agent solution sprays into from absorbing cat head with the flow velocity of 2.5L/h, reacts under 32 ± 5 ℃.The mixed catalytic agent solution that has absorbed hydrogen phosphide is sent into and is stirred that to feed flow velocity in the bubbling reactor be 6m
3The air of/h is at 30 ℃ of following and air catalytic oxidations, and then blowback venturi absorption tower is recycling.After measured, hydrogen phosphide content is 0mg/m in the closed calcium carbide furnace tail gas after the venturi absorption tower purifies
3, and absorb operation continuously through 50h, after the purification of discharging by bubbling absorption column in the gas hydrogen phosphide content still be 0mg/m
3
Embodiment 3:
Get the 23.3g copper nitrate and be dissolved in the 0.9L water, 0.6g palladium simple substance is dissolved in the nitric acid of 0.1L 20%, and above-mentioned two kinds of solution are mixed, and filters, and obtains the mixed catalytic agent solution.It is standby in the bubble absorbing tower that the mixed catalytic agent solution is packed into.
Phosphine containing 600-860mg/m
3, contain O
2Percent by volume is 20% semi-conductor industry production tail gas, the mol ratio of oxygen content and hydrogen phosphide is greater than 2 in this tail gas, then the speed feeding bubble absorbing tower of this tail gas with 20L/min reacted with the mixed catalytic agent solution at 20 ± 5 ℃, hydrogen phosphide content remains 0mg/m in the tail gas after the purification in 9h
3
Claims (4)
1, a kind of method of liquid phase catalytic oxidation purifying tail gas containing phosphine is characterized in that: the present invention includes following technology contents, handling object is the tail gas of phosphine containing,
1) catalyst preparation: Cu-contained catalyst comprises a kind of in elemental copper, cupric oxide, copper sulphate, copper nitrate, copper chloride, the Schweinfurt green; Palladium-containing catalyst comprises a kind of in simple substance palladium, palladium sulfate, palladium nitrate, palladium, the palladium bichloride; Solvent is acid or water, and getting cupric and palladium-containing catalyst, to be dissolved in mass concentration respectively be that being made into the palladium mass concentration is 0.05～50g/L in 0～30% the acid or water, and copper mass concentration is the solution of 0.1～150g/L, and both mixings get the mixed catalytic agent solution;
2) with tail gas containing phosphine from lower to upper, the gas-liquid conversed from top to bottom way of contact of mixed catalytic agent solution feeds the absorption tower, in the absorption tower, under 4～100 ℃ of temperature, react with the mixed catalytic agent solution, generate palladium simple substance, phosphor-copper, phosphoric acid enters liquid phase, the mixed catalytic agent solution and the qualified tail gas of purification of phosphine containing not of hydrogen phosphide have been absorbed
3), the mixed catalytic agent solution that will absorb hydrogen phosphide is then sent into oxidizing tower and is carried out oxidation, in oxidizing tower, blast air or oxygen, make the hydrogen phosphide that is absorbed in the solution and oxygen generation oxidation reaction and become phosphoric acid, palladium simple substance then is oxidized to the divalence palladium ion, phosphor-copper is converted into phosphoric acid and bivalent cupric ion, mixed solution after the oxidation is discharged from oxidizing tower, sends into the absorption tower again and recycles.
2, the method for liquid phase catalytic oxidation purifying tail gas containing phosphine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described processing object is yellow phosphoric tail gas or closed calcium carbide furnace tail gas.
3, a kind of method of liquid phase catalytic oxidation purifying tail gas containing phosphine is characterized in that: the processing object is a tail gas containing phosphine, comprises following technology contents,
1), catalyst preparation is identical with claim 1;
2), regulate the mol ratio of oxygen and hydrogen phosphide in the tail gas containing phosphine enter the catalytic oxidation absorption tower greater than 2;
3), above-mentioned tail gas containing phosphine and the mixed catalytic agent solution that regulates oxygen content fed the absorption tower with the reverse way of contact, react in 4～100 ℃, hydrogen phosphide is oxidized to phosphoric acid and enters liquid phase in solution, realize removing from tail gas containing phosphine the purpose of hydrogen phosphide.
4, the method for liquid phase catalytic oxidation purifying tail gas containing phosphine according to claim 3 is characterized in that: a kind of in the tail gas that produces in the preparation of magnesium powder, sodium hypophosphite production, feed fermentation, semi-conductor industry production and the fumigant insect killing process of described processing object.
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Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101811682A (en) * | 2010-04-13 | 2010-08-25 | 昆明理工大学 | Heterogeneous catalytic oxidation method for treating tail gas generated in sodium hypophosphite preparation process from sludge phosphorus |
| CN102019141A (en) * | 2010-12-20 | 2011-04-20 | 昆明理工大学 | Process for purifying tail gas containing hydrothion by using liquid phase catalytic oxidation method |
| CN102059035A (en) * | 2010-11-26 | 2011-05-18 | 黄梅县联兴化工有限责任公司 | Method for preparing high-purity H2 and PH3 from tail gas from generation of tetrakis hydroxymethyl phosphonium sulfate |
| CN102240499A (en) * | 2011-07-15 | 2011-11-16 | 田琳 | Composite absorbing agent for processing hydrogen phosphide gas and preparation method thereof |
| CN101337157B (en) * | 2008-08-12 | 2012-01-11 | 昆明理工大学 | Purification method of low concentration phosphine waste gas |
| CN102380399A (en) * | 2011-09-08 | 2012-03-21 | 昆明理工大学 | Mixed catalyst and method for catalytic purification of waste gas containing hydrogen phosphide and hydrogen sulfide |
| CN102423720A (en) * | 2011-09-08 | 2012-04-25 | 昆明理工大学 | Ionic liquid catalyst and method for catalytic oxidation and purification of hydrogen phosphide-containing tail gas therewith |
| CN103406021A (en) * | 2013-07-25 | 2013-11-27 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for removing phosphine through double liquid phases |
| CN105797569A (en) * | 2016-03-29 | 2016-07-27 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for removing H2S and PH3 simultaneously |
| CN107626195A (en) * | 2017-10-19 | 2018-01-26 | 云南江磷集团股份有限公司 | The tail gas treatment process of red phosphorus purification |
| CN108341405A (en) * | 2018-01-16 | 2018-07-31 | 湖北兴福电子材料有限公司 | A kind of device and method that the phosphorous off-gas recovery of yellow phosphorus storage tank recycles |
| CN111362229A (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2020-07-03 | 西南化工研究设计院有限公司 | Method for preparing hydrogen for fuel cell from yellow phosphorus tail gas |
| CN112844006A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-05-28 | 马边长和电力有限责任公司 | Yellow phosphorus tail gas purification method |
| CN114602302A (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2022-06-10 | 湖北富博化工有限责任公司 | Nitromethane tail gas resource treatment method |
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| CN101337157B (en) * | 2008-08-12 | 2012-01-11 | 昆明理工大学 | Purification method of low concentration phosphine waste gas |
| CN101811682A (en) * | 2010-04-13 | 2010-08-25 | 昆明理工大学 | Heterogeneous catalytic oxidation method for treating tail gas generated in sodium hypophosphite preparation process from sludge phosphorus |
| CN102059035B (en) * | 2010-11-26 | 2012-10-17 | 黄梅县联兴化工有限责任公司 | Method for preparing high-purity H2 and PH3 from tail gas from generation of tetrakis hydroxymethyl phosphonium sulfate |
| CN102059035A (en) * | 2010-11-26 | 2011-05-18 | 黄梅县联兴化工有限责任公司 | Method for preparing high-purity H2 and PH3 from tail gas from generation of tetrakis hydroxymethyl phosphonium sulfate |
| CN102019141A (en) * | 2010-12-20 | 2011-04-20 | 昆明理工大学 | Process for purifying tail gas containing hydrothion by using liquid phase catalytic oxidation method |
| CN102240499B (en) * | 2011-07-15 | 2013-06-12 | 田琳 | Composite absorbing agent for processing hydrogen phosphide gas and preparation method thereof |
| CN102240499A (en) * | 2011-07-15 | 2011-11-16 | 田琳 | Composite absorbing agent for processing hydrogen phosphide gas and preparation method thereof |
| CN102380399A (en) * | 2011-09-08 | 2012-03-21 | 昆明理工大学 | Mixed catalyst and method for catalytic purification of waste gas containing hydrogen phosphide and hydrogen sulfide |
| CN102423720A (en) * | 2011-09-08 | 2012-04-25 | 昆明理工大学 | Ionic liquid catalyst and method for catalytic oxidation and purification of hydrogen phosphide-containing tail gas therewith |
| CN103406021A (en) * | 2013-07-25 | 2013-11-27 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for removing phosphine through double liquid phases |
| CN103406021B (en) * | 2013-07-25 | 2015-06-03 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for removing phosphine through double liquid phases |
| CN105797569B (en) * | 2016-03-29 | 2018-03-06 | 昆明理工大学 | It is a kind of to remove H simultaneously2S, PH3Method |
| CN105797569A (en) * | 2016-03-29 | 2016-07-27 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for removing H2S and PH3 simultaneously |
| CN107626195A (en) * | 2017-10-19 | 2018-01-26 | 云南江磷集团股份有限公司 | The tail gas treatment process of red phosphorus purification |
| CN108341405A (en) * | 2018-01-16 | 2018-07-31 | 湖北兴福电子材料有限公司 | A kind of device and method that the phosphorous off-gas recovery of yellow phosphorus storage tank recycles |
| CN111362229A (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2020-07-03 | 西南化工研究设计院有限公司 | Method for preparing hydrogen for fuel cell from yellow phosphorus tail gas |
| CN114602302A (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2022-06-10 | 湖北富博化工有限责任公司 | Nitromethane tail gas resource treatment method |
| CN114602302B (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2023-08-08 | 湖北富博化工有限责任公司 | Nitromethane tail gas recycling treatment method |
| CN112844006A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-05-28 | 马边长和电力有限责任公司 | Yellow phosphorus tail gas purification method |
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