CN101037986A - 用于风力涡轮的转子 - Google Patents
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
- F03G7/08—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for recovering energy derived from swinging, rolling, pitching or like movements, e.g. from the vibrations of a machine
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D17/00—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2220/00—Application
- F05B2220/70—Application in combination with
- F05B2220/709—Piezoelectric means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/80—Devices generating input signals, e.g. transducers, sensors, cameras or strain gauges
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/80—Devices generating input signals, e.g. transducers, sensors, cameras or strain gauges
- F05B2270/804—Optical devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
- H02N2/18—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators
- H02N2/186—Vibration harvesters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
Abstract
用于风力涡轮(10)的转子(16),其包括轮毂(20)和连接到轮毂的至少一个转子叶片(18)。转子还包括用于检测转子的至少一个物理值,例如机械应力的至少一个传感器(26),以及给至少一个传感器供电的电源(36)。电源包括一个机电转换器,当风力涡轮承受风负载时,例如在风力涡轮的工作过程中,其能将来自转子振动的机械能转化电能供给至少一个传感器。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于风力涡轮的转子,并且更具体地涉及一种给转子上至少一个用于检测转子的至少一个物理值的传感器供电的自动电源,以及涉及一种将电能自动供给到风力涡轮转子上的至少一个用于检测转子的至少一个物理值的传感器的方法。
背景技术
现代风力涡轮配备有多个不同的传感器用于在运行过程中观察风力涡轮当前的物理参数和特性。一些传感器布置在风力涡轮的转子叶片上,例如,用于测量转子叶片承受的物理应力。为了给传感器供电,需要提供相应的电缆。同样为了传输所检测到的数据或测量值,需要配备额外的电缆。通过电缆给传感器供电是不理想的,因为电缆有易遭雷击或相类似的缺点
发明内容
一方面,本发明提供一种用于风力涡轮的转子,其包括轮毂和连接到轮毂的至少一个转子叶片,至少一个用于检测转子的至少一个物理值,例如机械应力或其他类似值的传感器,以及用于将电能供应到至少一个传感器的电源。所述电源包括:当承受风负载时,例如在风力涡轮工作过程中,用于将来自转子的振动的机械能转换为电能供给到至少一个传感器的机电转换器。
本发明的另一方面中,提供一种将电能自动供给到布置在风力涡轮转子上的至少一个用于检测转子的至少一个物理值的传感器的方法。所述方法包括:当承受风负载时,例如在风力涡轮工作过程中,将来自转子振动的机械能转化为电能,并且将电能供给到至少一个传感器的步骤。
附图说明
图1示出了一种风力涡轮,其中转子叶片配备了具有自动电源的传感器;
图2是布置在风力涡轮的至少一个转子叶片上的传感器系统的电路图。
部件列表:
10:风力涡轮
12:塔
14:吊舱
16:转子
18:转子叶片
20:轮毂
22:传感器系统
24:箱体
26:传感器
28:数据存储装置
30:访问装置
32:电光转换器
34:光缆
36:电源
38:转换器
40:电阻
42:存储电容器
44:电阻
具体实施方式
本发明的一个实施例利用风力涡轮转子的振动,尤其是转子叶片的振动,来将机械能(例如振动动能)转化为电能。因此,风力涡轮的转子包括一种机电转换器,例如其可以是一种电磁或压电振动转换器,当风力涡轮承受风负载时它可以将来自转子振动的机械能,例如作用在转子上的机械应力或其他类似的力,转换为电能供给至少一个用于检测转子叶片的至少一个物理值的传感器。该自动电源使转子中不需要供电电缆。用于将机械能转化为电能的机电转换器在本领域是公知的。通常,所述转化器设计为MEMS(微电机系统,MicroElectrical Mechanical Systems)并且使用半导体技术制造。
在另一方面中,自动电源还包括能量存储电容器装置或可充电电池,作为备用能源。
此外,根据本发明的另一方面,还配备了数据存储装置,用于存储通过至少一个传感器检测到的物理值。电源给数据存储装置供电。此外,还配备了例如电磁或光学访问装置用于访问数据存储装置。电源给访问装置供电。访问装置使得连机或脱机读取数据存储装置中存储的物理值变得可能。如果访问装置是电磁的,那么在传感器的位置配备无线电发射机应答器或类似设备,所述无线电发射机应答器可以从外部初始化来传输所述物理值或所述无线电发射机应答器通过其本身传输所述存储的物理值。
在光学访问装置的实施例中,配备了一种电光转换器,用于将来自存储在数据存储装置中的数据的电信号转换为光信号,通过光缆传递到风力涡轮的另一个位置或其外部。
为了保护传感器,包括所述电源并且如果有的话还包括数据存储装置和访问装置,不受到高电场、磁场,或电磁场密度导致的损害,所述传感器系统容纳在一个金属箱或具有至少包括一个金属层的壁的箱体中。这样的箱体为传感器系统提供了EMC屏蔽。
尤其是图1示出了风力涡轮10的主要部件,包括一个塔12,用于支承可绕一根垂直轴转动的吊舱(nacelle)14。转子16安装在吊舱14上从而可绕一根水平轴转动。在该实施例中,所述转子16包括连接到转子16的轮毂20上的三个转子叶片18。需要注意的是本发明并不限于如图1所示的水平型转子并且还适用于沿垂直轴转动的转子。对于本发明而言转子叶片的数目也并不是关键。因此,本发明能够用于在风力涡轮领域公知的各种类型的转子上。
如图1所示,至少一个转子叶片18配备了传感器系统22,所述传感器系统22的结构和电路在图2中更详细的示出。传感器系统22用作检测由于风负载或其它空气动力负载所产生的由转子叶片承受的机械应力。
根据图2的传感器系统22配备了具有包括金属材料壁的EMC屏蔽箱体。在箱体24中布置有用于测量和检测转子叶片18的机械应力的传感器26。通过传感器26检测到的测量信号被存储到以IC芯片或其他形式提供的数据存储装置28中,但是也可以使用其它类型的数据存储装置。在图2中没有示出用于控制传感器26和数据存储装置28的控制系统,以能将数据存储到数据存储装置28中并且将数据从数据存储装置28中读出。传感器系统22的访问装置(interrogation means)30包括电光转换器32,用于将从数据存储装置28中读出的电信号转换为通过光缆34传递的光信号。因此,在不使用传感器系统22以外的电缆或其他设备的情况下从数据存储装置28中读出数据成为可能。在高电场和磁场密度下,例如雷击,所述的结构是十分有利的,因为此时传感器系统22不会受到损伤,因为场密度不能够通过光缆34传递并且由于金属箱体24包覆着光系统22。
本发明的一方面涉及传感器系统22的电源。传感器系统22配备有自动电源36,所述自动电源将从机械能转换来的电能供给到传感器26、数据存储装置28、以及包括电光转换器的访问装置30。自动电源36包括机电转换器38,所述机电转换器将来自转子振动的机械能转换为电能。适合的机电转换器可以是一种电磁的或压电振动的转换器。转换器38通过电阻40连接到存储电容42,或者,连接到可充电电池(未示出),这样就能存储通过转换器38转换来的电能,所述电能在以后用来给传感器26和传感器系统22的其它电子元件供电。如图2所示,电源36通过另一个电阻44连接到传感器系统22的剩余电子元件。
尽管参考了具体的实施例对本发明进行了说明和图示,但本发明并不限于所述示意性的实施例。本领域技术人员能意识到在不背离本发明的下列权利要求的保护范围的情况下能够作出修改和变形。因此本发明包括所有落入所附的权利要求和与其等同的范畴内的变形和修改。
Claims (10)
1、一种用于风力涡轮(10)的转子(16),包括:
轮毂(20)和连接到所述轮毂的至少一个转子叶片(18);
至少一个用于检测所述转子的至少一个物理值的传感器(26);以及
用于给所述至少一个传感器供电的电源(36),所述电源包括当风力涡轮承受风负载时,能将来自所述转子振动的机械能转化为电能供给到所述至少一个传感器的机电转换器。
2、根据权利要求1所述的转子(16),其中所述电源(36)还包括至少一个能量存储电容器(42)装置或一个可充电电池,连接到所述机电转换器和所述至少一个传感器(26)。
3、根据权利要求1所述的转子(16),其中所述机电转换器是电磁压电振动转换器的至少一种。
4、根据权利要求1所述的转子(16),其还包括一个数据存储装置(28),用于存储通过至少一个传感器(26)检测到的物理值;和一个访问装置(30),用于访问所述数据存储装置。
5、根据权利要求4所述的转子(16),其中所述访问装置(30)包括一个电光转换器(32),用于将来自存储在所述数据存储装置(28)的数据转换为光信号,通过光缆(34)传输到风力涡轮(10)的另一位置或其外部。
6、根据权利要求1所述的转子(16),其中所述至少一个传感器(26)和所述机电转换器布置在一个共用的壳体中。
7、根据权利要求5所述的转子(16),所述数据存储装置(28)和所述电光转换器(32)布置在一个共用的壳体中。
8、根据权利要求6所述的转子(16),所述数据存储装置(28)和所述电光转换器(32)布置在所述共用的壳体中。
9、一种给风力涡轮(10)转子(16)上的传感器(26)供电的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
当风力涡轮承受风负载时,将来自转子振动的机械能转化为电能;以及
将电能供给到传感器。
10、根据权利要求9所述的方法,其中将电能供给到传感器(26)的步骤包括将电能存储到电能存储装置中,以便将电能供给传感器。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US11/283,316 US7348683B2 (en) | 2005-11-17 | 2005-11-17 | Rotor for a wind energy turbine |
US11/283316 | 2005-11-17 |
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CN101037986A true CN101037986A (zh) | 2007-09-19 |
CN101037986B CN101037986B (zh) | 2012-04-04 |
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US (1) | US7348683B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1788240B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101037986B (zh) |
DK (1) | DK1788240T3 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2455516T3 (zh) |
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US7348683B2 (en) | 2008-03-25 |
ES2455516T3 (es) | 2014-04-15 |
EP1788240B1 (en) | 2014-03-05 |
EP1788240A2 (en) | 2007-05-23 |
US20070108770A1 (en) | 2007-05-17 |
DK1788240T3 (da) | 2014-04-22 |
CN101037986B (zh) | 2012-04-04 |
EP1788240A3 (en) | 2012-10-17 |
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