CN101037329A - Seepage type Ag-PbTiO3 composite ceramic film and preparation method therefor - Google Patents

Seepage type Ag-PbTiO3 composite ceramic film and preparation method therefor Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN101037329A
CN101037329A CN 200710068236 CN200710068236A CN101037329A CN 101037329 A CN101037329 A CN 101037329A CN 200710068236 CN200710068236 CN 200710068236 CN 200710068236 A CN200710068236 A CN 200710068236A CN 101037329 A CN101037329 A CN 101037329A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
film
colloidal sol
pbtio
titanate
pbtio3
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN 200710068236
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN100422110C (en
Inventor
杜丕一
唐立文
翁文剑
韩高荣
赵高凌
汪建勋
宋晨路
沈鸽
徐刚
张溪文
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Zhejiang University ZJU
Original Assignee
Zhejiang University ZJU
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Zhejiang University ZJU filed Critical Zhejiang University ZJU
Priority to CNB2007100682369A priority Critical patent/CN100422110C/en
Publication of CN101037329A publication Critical patent/CN101037329A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN100422110C publication Critical patent/CN100422110C/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Abstract

The invention discloses a seepage type Ag-PbTiO3 compound ceram film composed of 75-99.5 % by volume of PbTiO3 and 0.5-25% by volume of Ag. There are several steps: allocating the tetra-n-butyl titanate into Ti solution; dissolving the plumbi nitras in the hybrid solution having the lactic acid and citric acid as complex agent, glycol methyl ether as solvent to form a sol containing Pb; then mixing two sol and dissolving the silver nitrate for a sol precursor; firstly coating on the base plate by dipping lifting method, secondly obtaining a Ag-PbTiO3 compound film by reduction atmosphere heat treatment. The invention is simple and easily for an industrial production. The base dielectric phase of the compound film is lead titanate with a Ca-Ti mine phase. The metal conductive phase of the film is silver. It successfully controls the size of the metal grain in film and forms even-distributing and nano-level silver grain in the film. The film has an obvious seep effect and the dielectric coefficient may achieve 3-5 times to the pure lead titanate film.

Description

A kind of seepage flow type Ag-PbTiO 3Ceramic thin sheet and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to dielectric film and preparation method thereof, particularly a kind of seepage flow type silver (Ag)-lead titanate (PbTiO 3) dielectric ceramic thin sheet material and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
In recent years, metal-dielectric substance matrix material becomes an important research focus in Materials science and solid state physics field gradually.For metal-dielectric substance composite study mainly based on two basic characteristics: on the one hand, after metallic particles is reduced to nanoscale, metallic particles itself presents peculiar non-linear optical property and electromagnetic property, and the dielectric substance environment can be modulated these performances on every side; On the other hand, by the introducing of metallographic phase, can strengthen physicalies such as specific inductivity that dielectric substance itself has, toughness.These two characteristics make metal-dielectric substance matrix material be with a wide range of applications at optoelectronic areas and electromagnetism field, more have been subjected to paying close attention to widely in the potentiality aspect the exploitation high dielectric constant material with it.
Generally speaking, metal-dielectric substance composite block material adopts metallic particles and dielectric substance powder two-phase directly to be compounded to form usually, material exists following phenomenon: at metal volume content hour, be not in contact with one another between the metallic particles, matrix material shows the character of isolator, along with metal volume content increases gradually, form the network that is interconnected between the metallic particles gradually, finally make matrix material show property of conductor.In the ever-increasing process of metal content, the electricity of material is led with specific inductivity non-linear quick rising can occur when metal content approaches a certain threshold value, this phenomenon is called as seep effect, this is known as the seepage flow threshold value by isolator to the critical metal volume content value that conductor changes, and the size of seepage flow threshold value is subjected to the influence of the size of metallic particles, shape.Near the seepage flow threshold value, specific inductivity with the variation of conductor volume content can be with the seepage flow formulate: ε=ε 0| f c-f| -q, in the formula, f cBe the seepage flow threshold value of conductor, f is the volume fraction of conductor, ε 0Be the specific inductivity of insulating body, ε is the specific inductivity of compound system, and q then is a critical exponent of seepage flow system.From this formula as seen, as the volume fraction f＜f of conductor cAnd f → f cThe time, conductor-isolator compound system just can obtain the specific inductivity than high times of dielectric substrate.For the block composite diphase material, owing to be easy to control the particulate form and content reaches the seepage flow point, thereby can more easily realize seep effect and obtain very high specific inductivity.
Yet, for metal-dielectric substance ceramic thin sheet, the yardstick of film on thickness direction only is the hundreds of nanometer sometimes on the one hand, on the other hand since the generation essence of seep effect be by metallic particles in material, forms a series of surface areas greatly, the less relatively trimmer capacitor structure of spacing, thereby the material apparent dielectric constant is increased greatly.So, if still utilize the thinking of preparation block materials, also promptly utilize the method for tramp m. phase in film, the particle scale of its metallographic phase is suitable with the film yardstick generally speaking, just can't form a large amount of trimmer capacitor structures on the thicknesses of layers direction; Moreover the metal particle size in the film is bigger, and conductive phase granule with the upper/lower electrode conducting, as seen is difficult to the seepage flow type thin-film material that successfully acquisition has practical significance with regard to being easy to form conductive path on the film thickness direction.To reach the seepage flow threshold value and realize that in film seep effect also has a lot of work to do, and for example solves distribution, content and the globule size etc. of metallographic phase in the film by the metallographic phase content in the control film veritably.Thereby, in order to obtain truly to have the high dielectric constant film material of seep effect, must open up new thinking, seek more effective technology and method.
Sol-gel method is preparation film a kind of method commonly used, and the cost of sol-gel method own is low, and preparation is simple, can prepare homogeneity again even reach the material of molecular scale.At present, with Prepared by Sol Gel Method metal-ceramic laminated film two kinds of approach are arranged: a kind of is after preparing the metallic colloid particle of tensio-active agent parcel, to be introduced in the middle of the colloidal sol of body material; Another kind of approach is the method that original position forms metallic particles, and the form of metal with metal ion is incorporated in the body material colloidal sol, makes after the film, is reduced out in heat treated process.The former utilizes the parcel of tensio-active agent, the metallic colloid particle can keep narrower distribution of sizes, but acting on of this parcel introduced in matrix colloidal sol and the heat treated process, destroyed easily, thereby cause the reunion of metallic particles, the dispersiveness that is unfavorable for reducing the particle diameter of metallic particles and improves metallic particles; The The latter original position forms the method for metallic particles, then how to control to obtain appropriate metal volume per-cent, and suitable size will become the key that successfully breakthrough utilizes Prepared by Sol Gel Method seepage flow type metal-ceramic laminated film.In fact, when using the sol-gel method original position to form metal-dielectric substance laminated film, the adjusting of the selection of complexing agent, the adjusting of heat-treating atmosphere, hydrolysis degree and their Collaborative Control each other all can have influence on the formation and the distribution of metallic particles in the film, thereby have influence on the generation of seep effect and the preparation of high performance thin film.Work in coordination with the formation, distribution, content and the particle diameter that solve nano-metal particle in the film, real seep effect and the acquisition high dielectric property of producing in laminated film obviously is very necessary and have far-reaching.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of high-k silver (Ag)-lead titanate (PbTiO with seep effect 3) ceramic thin sheet and preparation method thereof.
Seepage flow type Ag-PbTiO of the present invention 3Ceramic thin sheet, its composition by volume percentage composition are:
PbTiO 3 75％～99.5％
Ag 0.5％～25％。
Seepage flow type Ag-PbTiO 3The preparation method of ceramic thin sheet, step is as follows:
1) under the room temperature, tetrabutyl titanate is splashed in the ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, after stirring,, be made into the stable Ti colloidal sol that contains to wherein adding a spot of nitric acid as stablizer;
Being dissolved into lead nitrate with lactic acid, citric acid is complexing agent, and ethylene glycol monomethyl ether is in the mixing solutions of solvent, forms to contain Pb colloidal sol, and wherein, the molar ratio of lactic acid/butyl (tetra) titanate is 1, and the molar ratio of citric acid/butyl (tetra) titanate is 1～5;
2) with the above-mentioned Pb of containing colloidal sol with contain Ti colloidal sol according to Pb: the Ti molar ratio is to mix at 1: 1, obtains Pb-Ti colloidal sol, as PbTiO 3The precursor colloidal sol of film is dissolved into PbTiO than the amount that is 0.5%～25% with Silver Nitrate according to Ag target volume in the film 3Precursor colloidal sol, the colloidal sol that obtains Ag-Pb-Ti is as Ag-PbTiO 3The precursor colloidal sol of laminated film;
3) with above-mentioned precursor colloidal sol, utilize dip-coating method to film on glass substrate, pull rate is 4cm/min;
4) reduction heat in the mixed atmosphere of water vapour and hydrogen of the glass after will filming is handled, and the throughput ratio of water vapour and hydrogen is 20～80, and thermal treatment temp is 400 ℃～600 ℃, and heat treatment time is 1～60min, obtains Ag-PbTiO 3Laminated film.
Above-mentioned tetrabutyl titanate, lead nitrate and Silver Nitrate powder are the commercial goods.
Among the present invention, Ag-PbTiO 3The thickness of laminated film is by filming-decision of number of times that heat treatment process is carried out repeatedly.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The matrix dielectric medium of laminated film of the present invention is uhligite phase lead titanate mutually, and the metallic conduction of film is silver mutually, has successfully controlled the size of metallic particles in the film, the metallic silver particles that formed nanometer scale in film, is evenly distributed; Film has obvious seep effect, and this laminated film specific inductivity can reach 3～5 times of pure lead titanate film.Preparation technology of the present invention is simple, is convenient to suitability for industrialized production, has good market outlook.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is seepage flow type Ag-PbTiO 3The XRD figure of ceramic thin sheet is visible as calcium titanium phase lead titanate film;
Fig. 2 is seepage flow type Ag-PbTiO 3The visible absorption spectrum of ceramic thin sheet has shown typical nanometer silver absorption peak at the 410nm place among the figure, formed the metallic silver particles of nanometer scale in the visible film;
Fig. 3 is seepage flow type Ag-PbTiO 3The specific inductivity of ceramic thin sheet changes collection of illustrative plates with silver content.As seen film microstructure is even, and agglomeration does not appear in nano-Ag particles.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
1) under the room temperature, tetrabutyl titanate is splashed in the ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, after stirring,, be made into the stable Ti colloidal sol that contains to wherein adding a spot of nitric acid as stablizer;
Being dissolved into lead nitrate with lactic acid, citric acid is complexing agent, and ethylene glycol monomethyl ether is in the mixing solutions of solvent, forms to contain Pb colloidal sol, and wherein, the molar ratio of lactic acid/butyl (tetra) titanate is 1, and citric acid/butyl (tetra) titanate molar ratio is 1;
2) with above-mentioned Pb colloidal sol and Ti colloidal sol according to Pb: the Ti molar ratio is to mix at 1: 1, obtains Pb-Ti colloidal sol, as PbTiO 3The precursor colloidal sol of film.Be respectively 0,3%, 5%, 10% according to Ag target volume ratio in the film, 15%, 20%, 25% amount is dissolved into PbTiO with Silver Nitrate 3Precursor solution, obtain Ag-Pb-Ti colloidal sol as Ag-PbTiO 3The precursor colloidal sol of laminated film.
3) with above-mentioned precursor colloidal sol, utilize dip-coating method plated film on glass substrate, pull rate is 4cm/min;
4) reduction heat in the mixed atmosphere of water vapour and hydrogen of the glass after will filming is handled, and the throughput ratio of water vapour and hydrogen is 20, and thermal treatment temp is 600 ℃, and heat treatment time is 1min, obtains Ag-PbTiO 3Laminated film.
With the specific inductivity of Keithley 3330 electric impedance analyzers survey institute made membrane, test result sees Table 1.From table 1, when metal A g grain volume fraction f is between 3%～25%, film obtains bigger specific inductivity, when f=25%, specific inductivity is near 90.13, be about 4.94 times with the pure lead titanate film for preparing under the condition, and specific inductivity meets the rule ε=ε of seepage theory with the variation of silver-colored volume content 0| f c-f| -q
Table 1
Argent volume fraction f 0 3％ 5％ 10％ 15％ 20％ 25％
Specific inductivity 18.23 19.96 21.34 25.91 33.34 47.76 90.13
Embodiment 2:
1) under the room temperature, tetrabutyl titanate is splashed in the ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, after stirring,, be made into the stable Ti colloidal sol that contains to wherein adding a spot of nitric acid as stablizer;
Being dissolved into lead nitrate with lactic acid, citric acid is complexing agent, and ethylene glycol monomethyl ether is in the mixing solutions of solvent, forms to contain Pb colloidal sol, and wherein, the molar ratio of lactic acid/butyl (tetra) titanate is 1, and citric acid/butyl (tetra) titanate molar ratio is 3;
2) with above-mentioned Pb colloidal sol and Ti colloidal sol according to Pb: the Ti molar ratio is to mix at 1: 1, obtains Pb-Ti colloidal sol, as PbTiO 3The precursor colloidal sol of film.Be respectively 0,2%, 4%, 6% according to Ag target volume ratio in the film, 8%, 10% amount is dissolved into PbTiO with Silver Nitrate 3Precursor solution, obtain Ag-Pb-Ti colloidal sol as Ag-PbTiO 3The precursor colloidal sol of laminated film.
3) with above-mentioned precursor colloidal sol, utilize dip-coating method plated film on glass substrate, pull rate is 4cm/min;
4) reduction heat in the mixed atmosphere of water vapour and hydrogen of the glass after will filming is handled, and the throughput ratio of water vapour and hydrogen is 40, and thermal treatment temp is 500 ℃, and heat treatment time is 20min, obtains Ag-PbTiO 3Laminated film.
With the specific inductivity of Keithley 3330 electric impedance analyzers survey institute made membrane, test result sees Table 2.From table 2, when metal A g grain volume fraction f is between 2%～10%, film obtains bigger specific inductivity, when f=10%, specific inductivity is near 83.78, be about 3.97 times with the pure lead titanate film for preparing under the condition, and specific inductivity meets the rule ε=ε of seepage theory with the variation of silver-colored volume content 0| f c-f| -q
Table 2
Argent volume fraction f 0 2％ 4％ 6％ 8％ 10％
Specific inductivity 21.12 24.59 29.57 37.31 51.15 83.78
Embodiment 3:
1) under the room temperature, tetrabutyl titanate is splashed in the ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, after stirring,, be made into the stable Ti colloidal sol that contains to wherein adding a spot of nitric acid as stablizer;
Being dissolved into lead nitrate with lactic acid, citric acid is complexing agent, and ethylene glycol monomethyl ether is in the mixing solutions of solvent, forms to contain Pb colloidal sol, and wherein, the molar ratio of lactic acid/butyl (tetra) titanate is 1, and citric acid/butyl (tetra) titanate molar ratio is 5;
2) with above-mentioned Pb colloidal sol and Ti colloidal sol according to Pb: the Ti molar ratio is to mix at 1: 1, obtains Pb-Ti colloidal sol, as PbTiO 3The precursor colloidal sol of film.Be respectively 0,0.5%, 1%, 1.5% according to Ag target volume ratio in the film, 2%, 3% amount is dissolved into PbTiO with Silver Nitrate 3Precursor solution, obtain Ag-Pb-Ti colloidal sol as Ag-PbTiO 3The precursor solution of laminated film.
3) with above-mentioned precursor colloidal sol, utilize dip-coating method plated film on glass substrate, pull rate is 4cm/min;
4) reduction heat in the mixed atmosphere of water vapour and hydrogen of the glass after will filming is handled, and the throughput ratio of water vapour and hydrogen is 80, and thermal treatment temp is 400 ℃, and heat treatment time is 60min, obtains Ag-PbTiO 3Laminated film.
With the specific inductivity of Keithley 3330 electric impedance analyzers survey institute made membrane, test result sees Table 3.From table 3, when metal A g grain volume fraction f is between 0.5%～3%, film obtains bigger specific inductivity, when f=3%, specific inductivity is near 69.34, be about 3.07 times with the pure lead titanate film for preparing under the condition, and specific inductivity is with the rule ε=ε of the compound seepage theory of variation of silver-colored volume content 0| f c-f| -q
Table 3
Argent volume fraction f 0 0.5％ 1％ 1.5％ 2％ 3％
Specific inductivity 22.56 25.13 28.47 33.01 39.55 69.34

Claims (2)

1, a kind of seepage flow type Ag-PbTiO 3Ceramic thin sheet, the composition that it is characterized in that this film by volume percentage composition is:
PbTiO 3 75％～99.5％
Ag 0.5％～25％。
2, seepage flow type Ag-PbTiO according to claim 1 3The preparation method of ceramic thin sheet is characterized in that step is as follows:
1) under the room temperature, tetrabutyl titanate is splashed in the ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, after stirring,, be made into the stable Ti colloidal sol that contains to wherein adding a spot of nitric acid as stablizer;
Being dissolved into lead nitrate with lactic acid, citric acid is complexing agent, and ethylene glycol monomethyl ether is in the mixing solutions of solvent, forms to contain Pb colloidal sol, and wherein, the molar ratio of lactic acid/butyl (tetra) titanate is 1, and the molar ratio of citric acid/butyl (tetra) titanate is 1～5;
2) with the above-mentioned Pb of containing colloidal sol with contain Ti colloidal sol according to Pb: the Ti molar ratio is to mix at 1: 1, obtains Pb-Ti colloidal sol, as PbTiO 3The precursor colloidal sol of film is dissolved into PbTiO than the amount that is 0.5%～25% with Silver Nitrate according to Ag target volume in the film 3Precursor colloidal sol, the colloidal sol that obtains Ag-Pb-Ti is as Ag-PbTiO 3The precursor colloidal sol of laminated film;
3) with above-mentioned precursor colloidal sol, utilize dip-coating method to film on glass substrate, pull rate is 4cm/min;
4) reduction heat in the mixed atmosphere of water vapour and hydrogen of the glass after will filming is handled, and the throughput ratio of water vapour and hydrogen is 20～80, and thermal treatment temp is 400 ℃～600 ℃, and heat treatment time is 1～60min, obtains Ag-PbTiO 3Laminated film.
CNB2007100682369A 2007-04-26 2007-04-26 Seepage type Ag-PbTiO3 composite ceramic film and preparation method therefor Expired - Fee Related CN100422110C (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CNB2007100682369A CN100422110C (en) 2007-04-26 2007-04-26 Seepage type Ag-PbTiO3 composite ceramic film and preparation method therefor

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CNB2007100682369A CN100422110C (en) 2007-04-26 2007-04-26 Seepage type Ag-PbTiO3 composite ceramic film and preparation method therefor

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN101037329A true CN101037329A (en) 2007-09-19
CN100422110C CN100422110C (en) 2008-10-01

Family

ID=38888531

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CNB2007100682369A Expired - Fee Related CN100422110C (en) 2007-04-26 2007-04-26 Seepage type Ag-PbTiO3 composite ceramic film and preparation method therefor

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN100422110C (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102061460A (en) * 2011-01-22 2011-05-18 浙江大学 Nanometer Ag particle-(Ba0.65, Sr0.35)TiO3 seepage-type composite ceramic film and preparation method thereof
CN102060529A (en) * 2011-01-22 2011-05-18 浙江大学 Nano Ag particle-Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 filtration type composite ceramic film and preparation method thereof
CN102176355A (en) * 2011-01-22 2011-09-07 浙江大学 Nano Ag particle-(Pb0.4Sr0.6)TiO3 solid solution seepage-type composite ceramic film and preparation method thereof
CN104671671A (en) * 2015-03-02 2015-06-03 浙江大学 Nano-silver/bismuth ferrite composite film and preparation method thereof

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH10139536A (en) * 1996-11-12 1998-05-26 Murata Mfg Co Ltd Dielectric porcelain composition
CN1260175C (en) * 2003-12-05 2006-06-21 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 Doped lead antimony manganese zirconia titanate piezoelectric ceramic materials suitable for industrial production and method for preparing same
JP2005170693A (en) * 2003-12-08 2005-06-30 Ngk Insulators Ltd Piezoelectric/electrostrictive ceramic composition, piezoelectric/electrostrictive material, and piezoelectric/electrostrictive film element
US20080171140A1 (en) * 2004-03-03 2008-07-17 Gerhard Hirmer Thin Film Ferroelectric Composites and Method of Making and Using the Same

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102061460A (en) * 2011-01-22 2011-05-18 浙江大学 Nanometer Ag particle-(Ba0.65, Sr0.35)TiO3 seepage-type composite ceramic film and preparation method thereof
CN102060529A (en) * 2011-01-22 2011-05-18 浙江大学 Nano Ag particle-Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 filtration type composite ceramic film and preparation method thereof
CN102176355A (en) * 2011-01-22 2011-09-07 浙江大学 Nano Ag particle-(Pb0.4Sr0.6)TiO3 solid solution seepage-type composite ceramic film and preparation method thereof
CN102176355B (en) * 2011-01-22 2013-05-22 浙江大学 Nano Ag particle-(Pb0.4Sr0.6)TiO3 solid solution seepage-type composite ceramic film and preparation method thereof
CN104671671A (en) * 2015-03-02 2015-06-03 浙江大学 Nano-silver/bismuth ferrite composite film and preparation method thereof
CN104671671B (en) * 2015-03-02 2017-03-22 浙江大学 Nano-silver/bismuth ferrite composite film and preparation method thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN100422110C (en) 2008-10-01

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
Phoon et al. A review of synthesis and morphology of SrTiO 3 for energy and other applications
Zhu et al. Highly efficient and stable transparent electromagnetic interference shielding films based on silver nanowires
EP3257091B1 (en) Optoelectronic devices comprising solution-processable metal oxide buffer layers
Mane et al. Nanocrystalline TiO2/ZnO thin films: fabrication and application to dye-sensitized solar cells
Lavery et al. Intense pulsed light sintering of CH3NH3PbI3 solar cells
Wu et al. All electrospray printing of carbon‐based cost‐effective perovskite solar cells
Ahmed et al. Simple and low-cost synthesis of Ba-doped CuO thin films for highly efficient solar generation of hydrogen
Marczak et al. Detailed investigations of ZnO photoelectrodes preparation for dye sensitized solar cells
An et al. Effect of sol-layers on Sb-doped SnO2 thin films as solution-based transparent conductive oxides
Deshmukh et al. Synthesis, spray deposition, and hot-press transfer of copper nanowires for flexible transparent electrodes
Xue et al. Architecturing lattice-matched bismuthene–SnO2 heterojunction for effective perovskite solar cells
CN101885508A (en) Method for preparing zinc oxide-doped nano powder controllably on large scale
Luo et al. High surface area antimony-doped tin oxide electrodes templated by graft copolymerization. applications in electrochemical and photoelectrochemical catalysis
CN100422110C (en) Seepage type Ag-PbTiO3 composite ceramic film and preparation method therefor
CN103396548B (en) A kind of preparation method of high dielectric polyimide/CaCu 3 Ti 4 O nanowire composite
Zhou et al. Manipulation of the Buried Interface for Robust Formamidinium‐based Sn− Pb Perovskite Solar Cells with NiOx Hole‐Transport Layers
Huang et al. Enhancement of All-Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells by Lead–Cerium Bimetal Strategy
Miao et al. Effect of oxygen vacancies in the electron transfer layer SiZnSnO on the performance of perovskite solar cells
Amarsingh Bhabu et al. Tungsten doped titanium dioxide as a photoanode for dye sensitized solar cells
Feng et al. Enhanced photovoltaic property and stability of perovskite solar cells using the interfacial modified layer of anatase TiO2 nanocuboids
Abraham et al. (002) oriented ZnO and ZnO: S thin films by direct ultrasonic spray pyrolysis: A comparative analysis of structure, morphology and physical properties
KR100582552B1 (en) Method for forming nanoparticle oxide electrode of plastic-type dye-sensitized solar cells using binder-free and high viscosity nanoparticle oxide pastes
Ma et al. Dielectric and conductivity relaxation of rGO@ CdS nanocomposites via in situ assembly of CdS nanoparticles on an rGO layer
CN108922654B (en) Low-temperature screen-printable carbon paste and high-conductivity carbon electrode
KR20170037572A (en) Electrical conductors, production methods thereof, electronic devices including the same

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
C10 Entry into substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
C14 Grant of patent or utility model
GR01 Patent grant
CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee
CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee

Granted publication date: 20081001

Termination date: 20170426