CN101036153A - Battery-assisted backscatter RFID transponder - Google Patents
Battery-assisted backscatter RFID transponder Download PDFInfo
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- CN101036153A CN101036153A CN 200580029414 CN200580029414A CN101036153A CN 101036153 A CN101036153 A CN 101036153A CN 200580029414 CN200580029414 CN 200580029414 CN 200580029414 A CN200580029414 A CN 200580029414A CN 101036153 A CN101036153 A CN 101036153A
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Abstract
A radio frequency transponder (28) includes at least one battery (60), which is coupled to provide electrical power for operating the transponder and at least one antenna (52), which is configured to receive and backscatter RF interrogation radiation from an interrogation device (32). An integrated circuit (56) is arranged to store a code including information and, powered only with energy provided by the battery, to vary a radiation characteristic of the antenna responsively to the code so as to modulate the information onto the backscattered radiation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to RF identification (RFID) system in general, specifically, the present invention relates to battery-assisted backscatter RFID transponder, their parts and for the manufacture of the method for RFID responder.
Background technology
RF identification (RFID) system is used for various application, and by automatic charging, range of application is controlled from the stock, and container is followed the trail of, and uses to automation supermarket cashier. In typical RFID system, the RF responder adheres to or merges on the target that will follow the tracks of. RF transmission between inquiry device or reader and responder is used for identification or control target, sense data, data writing or communicates by letter with this responder in addition.
Summary of the invention
The RF responder is generally classified according to the internal electric source of their usefulness. Passive balise does not have internal electric source, and uses the energy by the RF radiation (being called the inquiry radiation here) of reader transmission, is used to transponder circuit that power is provided, and is used for the responsive radiation transmission is turned back to this reader. (this responsive radiation typically comprises the information that is transferred to reader from responder, for example identification number). Active balise comprises such internal electric source, namely is used to this responder that power is provided and for generation of the RF energy that needs for transmitting this responsive radiation. Battery assists responder (being also referred to as half active or half passive balise) to comprise internal electric source. This inquiry radiation that is provided by this reader is provided the energy of this responsive radiation, and this transponder circuit provides power by this internal electric source. Some are called the auxiliary responder of " backscattering responder " battery by producing responsive radiation from this inquiry radiation of this transponder antenna backscattering. The backscattering responder typically arrives reader to communication by this backscattered radiation of modulation.
Such as the battery-assisted backscatter responder of describing in background technology, can use the part of the inquiry emittance of reception, be used to the transponder circuit in parallel with they internal cells that power is provided. This Structure Decreasing can be used for backscattered amount of energy, therefore reduced the accessible communication range of responder.
Embodiments of the invention provide improved battery-assisted backscatter RF responder structure, and this structure makes accessible communication range maximization, and prolong the life-span of internal electric source. Show hereinafter the typical performance test of this responder under various challenge test environments.
In certain embodiments, the integrated circuit in this responder (IC) utilizes backscattered modulation, and the information that be transferred to reader is modulated in the backscattering radiation. This IC modulates the radar cross section (RCS) of transponder antenna by the impedance that changes the antenna feed point place. Specifically, when extreme not mating is introduced into this antenna feed point, for example open a way, the energy that can be used in backscattered inquiry radiation is maximized, and therefore makes the communication range maximization of responder.
In certain embodiments, this antenna and this IC jointly optimize, in order to make the impedance mismatching maximization at the antenna feed point place, and make thus accessible communication range maximization. Additionally or selectively, the modulation depth (being expressed as Δ RCS) that is defined as ratio between different RCS values also is maximized.
The RF responder of here describing can operate under variety of protocol, for example rather than be confined to various responders-at first say (transponder-talks-first, TTF) agreement and reader-at first say (reader-talks-first, RTF) agreement. This agreement typically defines the different operation modes for responder. In certain embodiments, the operator scheme that the energy saving in this IC (saving battery) module arrangement becomes response to define in agreement starts and the part of inactive responder, in order to reduce the energy consumption from this internal electric source. In certain embodiments, this operator scheme of the overtime condition control responder that this energy saving module responds is predetermined consumes with further reduction energy.
Embodiments of the invention also are provided for making improving one's methods of RF responder. In certain embodiments, the power supply of this responder is thin and flexible battery, and this battery is printed on the identical substrate with this IC and antenna, as the part of this responder production process.
Therefore, according to embodiments of the invention, provide a kind of radio frequency (RF) responder, comprising:
At least one battery connects this battery and thinks the operation acknowledge device and power is provided;
At least one antenna, being arranged to of this antenna receives and backscattering the RF inquiry radiation from the inquiry device; And
Integrated circuit (IC), this integrated circuit are arranged to and store the code that comprises information, and only by the energy power supply that provides by battery, respond the radiation characteristic that this code changes this antenna, in order to the information in this backscattering radiation is modulated.
In certain embodiments, this responder comprises substrate, and this substrate has at least one IC disposed thereon, at least one antenna and at least one battery.
In disclosed embodiment, this at least one battery comprises at least anode layer, the dielectric substrate of printing and the cathode layer of printing of printing, and these layers are with coplanar structure and arrange one of at least in the surface texture altogether. Dielectric substrate is arranged between anode layer and the cathode layer. In another embodiment, this substrate is flexible.
In yet another embodiment, this responder has the thickness that is not more than 1 millimeter and is not more than 25 millimeters tortuous radius.
In one embodiment, this responder is attached on the object, and at least a portion of information is relevant with this object in this IC simultaneously. Can add or alternatively, this responder is suitable for fixing around the bight of object, so that at least one battery is with the first planar orientation, and this at least one antenna is to be different from second planar orientation on this first plane.
In another embodiment, this antenna is selected from following group, and this group comprises in one pole, tortuous one pole, bipolar, tortuous bipolar, paster, array antenna and its combination at least one. Can add or alternatively, this at least one antenna is arranged to the inquiry radiation one of in hyperfrequency (UHF) scope and microwave frequency range is received and backscattering. Can add or alternatively, the paired transverse-electromagnetic of this at least one antenna arrangement (TEM) radiation receives and backscattering.
In yet another embodiment, this at least one antenna comprises distributing point, and this radiation characteristic comprises the radar cross section (RCS) of at least one antenna, this IC is arranged to the distributing point change load impedance at this at least one antenna simultaneously, thereby changes the RCS of at least one antenna between two or more different RCS values. In going back an embodiment, this IC comprises the solid-state switch that operationally is connected with the distributing point of this at least one antenna, and the binary expression that this switch is arranged to this code of response switches the load impedance between the first impedance and the second impedance.
In one embodiment, this IC is arranged at the distributing point of this antenna and introduces the low ohmic load condition, in order to make at least one maximization in these two or more RCS values, thereby makes the communication range maximization of this responder. Can add or alternatively, this IC is arranged to and makes the modulation depth maximization, and this modulation depth is defined as the ratio between two in these two or more RCS values. Also can add or alternatively, this at least one antenna and this IC are arranged to the communication range maximization that jointly makes modulation depth and responder.
In one embodiment, have the first energy level by the inquiry radiation of this at least one antenna reception, and this at least one antenna and this IC are arranged to backscattering are carried out in the inquiry radiation greater than the second energy level of the first energy level 75%. In another embodiment, this second energy level is greater than 95% of this first energy level.
In yet another embodiment, this IC is arranged to and defers to the operating protocol that limits two or more operator schemes. Can add or alternatively, this IC comprises the energy saving module, this energy saving module arrangement becomes the operation response pattern to start and the part of inactive responder, in order to reduce the energy consumption from this at least one battery. In yet another embodiment, this agreement comprises in (RTF) agreement at least one of responder-at first say (TTF) and reader-at first say.
In one embodiment, this agreement comprises the RTF agreement, and this IC is arranged to being analyzed by the signal of this inquiry radiation carrying, and respond this analytic signal and little by little start the responder parts, in order to reduce the energy consumption from this at least one battery, and evaluate the correlation of this inquiry radiation and this responder according to analytic signal, simultaneously this responder is reacted to this inquiry radiation according to this correlation. Can add or alternatively, after detecting this inquiry radiation and existing, this IC is arranged to the one or more overtime conditions of assessment, and responds this overtime condition the predetermined parts of responder are stopped using.
In another embodiment, this IC comprises Battery Status Indicator, this Battery Status Indicator is arranged to indication from the validity of the enough electric energy of this at least one battery, this IC is arranged to so simultaneously, namely ring notifiable enough energy content of battery ineffectivities of determining by this Battery Status Indicator, obtain electric energy from this inquiry radiation.
In yet another embodiment, this responder comprises at least one sensor, and this IC is arranged to the indication that is received near the field condition responder from this at least one sensor.
In going back an embodiment, this responder comprises power conversion circuits, when excess energy can be utilized, this power conversion circuits is arranged to from this inquiry radiation and obtains this excess energy, and utilizes the excess energy obtain to provide power to this IC and to one of carrying out at least in this at least one battery charging.
In one embodiment, this IC is arranged to by the inquiry decoding data of this inquiry radiation carrying with react, and these inquiry data comprise the order relevant with transponder operated and one of will be written in the input data of this responder at least.
According to embodiments of the invention, a kind of radio frequency (RF) responder also is provided, comprising:
Battery connects this battery and thinks the operation acknowledge device and power is provided;
Antenna, this antenna are arranged to the RF inquiry radiation from the inquiry device are received and backscattering;
Integrated circuit (IC), this integrated circuit are arranged to and store the code that comprises information, and by the energy power supply that provides by battery, respond the radiation characteristic that this code changes this antenna, in order to the information in this backscattering radiation is modulated; And
Substrate, battery, IC and antenna arrangement are on this substrate, and the bight that is suitable for around object of this substrate is fixed simultaneously, so that battery is with the first planar orientation, and this antenna is to be different from second planar orientation on this first plane.
Further, according to embodiments of the invention, provide a kind of radio frequency (RF) responder, comprising:
Antenna, this antenna are arranged to from the inquiry device and are received in the inquiry radiation of the first energy level, and to carrying out backscattering in the inquiry radiation greater than the second energy level of this first energy level 75%; And
Integrated circuit (IC), this integrated circuit are arranged to store and comprise the code of information, and respond the radiation characteristic that this code changes this antenna, in order to the information in this backscattering radiation is modulated.
In one embodiment, this second energy level is greater than 95% of this first energy level.
According to embodiments of the invention, a kind of radio frequency (RF) responder is provided in addition, comprising:
Antenna, this antenna are arranged to from the inquiry device and receive a RF radiation of carrying signal, and respond a RF radiation delivery the 2nd RF radiation;
Battery, this battery that is coupled is thought the operation acknowledge device and power is provided; And
Integrated circuit (IC), and this IC is according to reader-at first say (RTF) protocol operation, and be arranged to the existence that detects a RF radiation, so that the signal that is carried by this first radio-frequency radiation is analyzed, and respond this analytic signal and little by little start the responder parts, in order to reduce the energy consumption from this at least one battery, and evaluate the correlation of this first radio-frequency radiation and this responder according to analytic signal, simultaneously this responder is transmitted to this second radio-frequency radiation according to this correlation.
In one embodiment, this IC is arranged to the correlation of evaluating a RF radiation by one of carrying out in the following steps at least, namely detects in RF radiation form and determines addressing information in a RF radiation. In another embodiment, the correlation that this IC responds a RF radiation is arranged to one of to be carried out in the following steps at least, and namely refusal is not that RF radiation and the refusal that produces by the RF reader is not the RF radiation of this responder of access.
According to embodiments of the invention, also be provided for transmission from the method for the information of radio frequency (RF) responder, comprising:
Be provided for operating the battery of this responder;
The configuration antenna is to carry out backscattering to the RF inquiry radiation from the transmission of inquiry device;
Respond the radiation characteristic that this information changes this antenna, in order to the code in this backscattering radiation is modulated. The energy that is used for the change radiation characteristic is not to derive from this inquiry radiation.
In one embodiment, provide the step of battery to comprise printed battery is attached on the substrate, wherein this substrate has IC disposed thereon and at least one in the antenna. In another embodiment, this cell thickness is not more than 1 millimeter.
In yet another embodiment, this battery comprises that thin layer of soft layer opens wide the liquid condition electrochemical cell, this battery comprises undissolved negative pole ground floor, do not dissolve the 3rd layer of the anodal second layer and aqueous electrolyte, and the 3rd layer is arranged between these first and second layers, and comprises:
(a) remain the deliquescence material that this open type battery (open cell) is moist;
(b) be used for need obtaining the electricity of ionic conductivity to activate soluble substance; And
(c) be used for obtaining these the first and second layers water-soluble polymer that needs viscosity that adheres on the 3rd layer.
According to embodiments of the invention, be provided in addition making the method for radio frequency (RF) responder, comprising:
Be provided for operating the battery of this responder;
The configuration antenna is to carry out backscattering to the RF inquiry radiation from the transmission of inquiry device;
On substrate, wherein this substrate is arranged to and allows this responder to stick around the bight of object battery and antenna arrangement, so that battery is with the first planar orientation, and this antenna is to be different from second planar orientation on this first plane.
According to embodiments of the invention, further be provided for transmission from the method for the information of radio frequency (RF) responder, comprising:
Configuration antenna, this antenna are arranged to from the inquiry device and are received in the inquiry radiation of the first energy level, and to carrying out backscattering in the inquiry radiation greater than the second energy level of this first energy level 75%;
Storage comprises the code of this information; And
Respond the radiation characteristic that this code changes this antenna, in order to the code in this backscattering radiation is modulated.
In one embodiment, the second energy level is greater than 95% of the first energy level.
According to embodiments of the invention, be provided in addition making the method for radio frequency (RF) responder, comprising:
Substrate is provided;
Be suitable for radio frequency (RF) is carried out backscattered antenna in this substrate application;
Integrated circuit (IC) is applied on this substrate, and this IC that is coupled to be to change the radiation characteristic of antenna, in order to the information in this backscattering radiation is modulated, and
Battery is printed on the surface of substrate, in order to be provided for electric energy into the responder energy supply.
In one embodiment, printed battery comprises: use the ink comprise the battery layers material, to print one of at least one or more battery layers in common surface (co-facial) structure and copline (co-planar) structure. In another embodiment, this layer material comprises zinc, manganese dioxide (MnO2) and zinc chloride (ZnCl2) in one of at least.
In yet another embodiment, printed battery comprises:
Form the first battery component, comprising: at substrate surface printing the first electrode layer; Apply electrolyte at this first electrode layer; And partition layer is sticked on the electrolyte of this first electrode layer;
Form the second battery component, comprising: the second electrode lay with this first electrode layer opposite polarity is printed on the second substrate; And apply electrolyte at the second electrode lay; And
This first battery component and the second battery component are combined, so that these layers are stacked, and the electrolyte of this second electrode lay and the common Surface Contact of this partition layer.
In yet another embodiment, using antenna comprises this antenna is printed on this substrate. In another embodiment, this IC includes organic polymer IC, uses simultaneously this IC and comprises and utilize printing technology to stick this IC. Can add or alternatively, use this antenna and this IC and print this battery and comprise and print complete printable responder.
According to embodiments of the invention, also be provided for reducing the energy consumption that comes battery in comfortable radio frequency (RF) responder, and this responder comprises according to reader-say that at first (RTF) agreement operates:
The existence of detection RF radiation in this responder;
To analyzing by the signal of detected RF radiation carrying;
Respond the parts that this analytic signal starts this responder gradually, thereby reduce energy consumption;
Assess the correlation of RF radiation and responder according to this analytic signal; And
According to this correlation, make responder to RF radiation react.
According to embodiments of the invention, a kind of RF identification (RFID) system also is provided, comprising:
At least one inquires device, and this inquiry device is arranged to RF inquiry radiation delivery to the RF responder, and responds this inquiry radiation the backscattering-chopped radiation from this RF responder is received the decode;
At least one radio frequency (RF) responder comprises:
At least one battery connects this battery and thinks the operation acknowledge device and power is provided;
The inquiry radiation that at least one antenna, this antenna are arranged at least one inquiry device from this receives and backscattering; And
Integrated circuit (IC), this integrated circuit are arranged to and store the code that comprises information, and only by the energy power supply that provides by battery, respond the radiation characteristic that this code changes this antenna, in order to the information in this backscattering radiation is modulated; And
At least one data processing equipment, for the treatment of such data, this data communication device is crossed this at least one inquiry device to decoded from this backscattered modulation radiation.
According to embodiments of the invention, be provided in addition transmission from the antenna of the information of radio frequency (RF) responder. This antenna is arranged to the RF in the first energy level that receives from the inquiry device and inquires radiation, with in this inquiry radiation backscattering greater than the second energy level of this first energy level 75%, this antenna has variable radiation characteristic simultaneously, and this variable radiation characteristic can be by this responder control, in order to the information in this backscattering radiation is modulated. In one embodiment, this second energy level is greater than 95% of this first energy level.
According to embodiments of the invention, also be provided for reducing the energy saving circuit from the energy consumption of battery in radio frequency (RF) responder, comprising:
State machine, this state machine is arranged to the existence that detects in the RF of this responder radiation, so that the signal that is carried by the radio-frequency radiation that detects is analyzed, and respond this analytic signal and little by little start the responder parts, in order to reduce energy consumption, and evaluate the correlation of this first radio-frequency radiation and this responder according to analytic signal, according to this correlation this responder is transmitted to this radio-frequency radiation simultaneously; And
One or more time-out circuits, this circuit arrangement become the overtime condition of assessment, in order to respond the predetermined parts that this analytic signal starts this responder.
Further, according to embodiments of the invention, also provide a kind of radio frequency (RF) responder, comprising:
At least one battery connects this battery and thinks the operation acknowledge device and power is provided;
At least one antenna, this antenna of t are arranged to the RF inquiry radiation from the inquiry device are received and backscattering; And
Integrated circuit (IC), this integrated circuit is arranged to and stores the code that comprises information, and by the energy that provides by battery with from one of at least power supply in the excess energy of this inquiry radiation, respond the radiation characteristic that this code changes antenna, in order to the information in this backscattering radiation is modulated.
From the detailed description below in conjunction with the inventive embodiments of accompanying drawing, invention will be more fully understood, wherein:
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of rfid system according to an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is block diagram according to an embodiment of the invention, schematically shows a RFID system;
Fig. 3 A and 3B are according to embodiments of the invention, schematically show the geometric graph of RFID transponder antenna;
Fig. 3 C is for according to one embodiment of present invention, at the schematic diagram of the folding RFID label of object edge;
Fig. 4 A schematically shows the schematic diagram of the radiation diagram of RFID transponder antenna for according to one embodiment of present invention;
Fig. 4 B schematically shows the image of RFID transponder antenna coverage for according to one embodiment of present invention;
Fig. 5 A-5C is according to embodiments of the invention, schematically shows the image of RFID transponder antenna backscattering value;
Fig. 6 A and Fig. 6 B schematically show the flow chart for the method for communicating by letter according to embodiments of the invention between reader and RFID responder;
Fig. 7 is for according to one embodiment of present invention, schematically shows in reader-at first the say state diagram of energy saving operation under the pattern;
Fig. 8 is the signal exploded view of RFID responder according to an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 9 schematically shows the flow chart for the manufacture of the method for RFID responder for according to one embodiment of present invention;
Figure 10 A is the signal exploded view of printed battery according to an embodiment of the invention; And
Figure 10 B schematically shows the flow chart for the manufacture of the method for responder printed battery for according to one embodiment of present invention.
The specific embodiment
System is described
Fig. 1 is for showing the schematic diagram according to the rfid system 20 of the embodiment of the invention with illustration. System 20 in these examples is the warehouse stock tracking system, but never is limited to this, wherein is stored in the warehouse and follows the tracks of such as packing case 24. The RF responder 28 that is generally label or label adheres to each packing case 24 or is integrally formed with it. The term " responder " that here uses includes, but are not limited to various responder forms, such as label, label, adhesive sticker, watchband, smart card, disk or coin, glass responder, plastic jacket responder, watch dial responder with and any combination. This term comprises the responder device of any size, thickness, shape and form. This term comprises integrated and non-integrated device, such as, but not limited to being integrated into the device in the packing objects case or being integrated into this object or product itself. This term comprises responder, and this responder includes but not limited to printing technology by any proper technology manufacturing.
In the memory of responder 28, can form and store and comprise and packing case 24 and/or responder 28 code for information about. Generally speaking, this code comprises any information that is transferred to reader 32 from responder 28. For example, this information can comprise the id number that identifies packing case 24. Can add or alternatively, this code can comprise by with the data of the sensor measurement of this responder coupling, perhaps should be transferred to any other data of reader 32.
Inquire that such as the inquiry unit handle of reader 32 the RF radiation-emitting is to responder 28, to inquire about its information. Usually, this inquiry radiation comprises transverse-electromagnetic (TEM) ripple. This inquiry radiation can comprise the inquiry data that are transferred to this responder, such as the sign of the sign of reader or the responder that is queried. Use the method that will explain in detail below, by code modulated is responded in the RF radiation to back scattering, this responder is accepted inquiry radiation and response. This reader receives backscattered radiation, and the code that sends by responder is carried out demodulation. Information in this code can be transferred to processing unit 36. In certain embodiments, can use at least one repeater 42, be used for the communication between reader 32 and processing unit 36, for example between reader and processing unit, not have in the installation of stadia hairs.
In the example of Fig. 1, can see that forklift is entering in the warehouse, delivers new packing case 24 to be stored. In this example, be configured to the reader 32 of a reader, the responder 28 that is attached on the packing case 24 is inquired about, in order to automatically upgrade inventory database, have the packing case that newly arrives, wherein this inventory database is kept by processing unit 36.
Structure shown in Figure 1 is that typical RFID uses, and selects from the purpose of clear concept merely. System 20 can comprise any other rfid system, and wherein the RFID responder is coupled on the tracked object. For example, system 20 can comprise packing material tracking system, automatically toll payment system, the books tracking system in the library, airdrome luggage tracking system, automatic cashier at the supermarket, animal tracking, people's tracking, follows the tracks of or Armed Forces' tracking, supply chain management, access control, assets control, total assets observability, license, product exchange, logistics management, movement and theft alarm such as but not limited to the baby in hospital. System 20 of the present invention can valuable object, packing case, packing material and container be used at warehouse and rickyard and in transit the time monitoring they.
Pattern and the functional of each pattern of responder 28 operations can define according to any suitable agreement, standard or interoperability interface all EPCglobal as mentioned above and ISO standard.
In certain embodiments, system 20 can comprise a plurality of readers 32. These a plurality of readers can be synchronous or asynchronous. These a plurality of readers can be connected on single processing unit 36 or a plurality of processing unit. Inquiry radiation from an above reader can produce the problem that interferes with each other. In certain embodiments, the reader 32 of system 20 can use " listem-before-talk (Listen before talk) " agreement, interferes with each other avoiding. Can add or alternatively, reader 32 can use synchronous or asynchronous frequency agility, be used for making minimum interference, this is known in this area.
The responder 28 of here describing is the auxiliary backscatter RFID transponder of battery. Term " backscattering responder " refers to that responsive radiation is produced by the backscattering effect, inquires that wherein the RF energy part of radiation reflects back into reader from transponder antenna. In addition, responder 28 does not extract electric current in the battery internally, is used for producing the RF energy that this backscattering radiation of emission needs, thereby has prolonged the life-span of battery and responder.
Term " battery is assisted responder " (sometimes being also referred to as " half active " or " half is passive " responder) refers to move responder 28 and the electric energy that needs stems from for example internal electric source of battery. On the contrary, passive balise does not utilize internal electric source. Be used to that transponder circuit provides the energy of power to stem from the inquiry radiation in passive balise, this reduces communication range effectively.
Other responders that are called " active balise " use the electric energy of internal cell, for generation of responsive radiation. Although this structure can be expanded the communication range of responder, the power consumption of active balise is compared obviously higher with the auxiliary responder of battery. The power consumption of higher increase usually refers to active balise or can have the obviously short life-span perhaps have obviously large size, to be used for than macrocell. Larger battery has also increased the cost of responder.
Background technology has been described half active balise, wherein by some Energy transfers of the inquiry radiation of antenna reception to responder, be absorbed or oppose mutually that backscattering can not utilize. Since such structure decrease be used for the energy that backscattering can be used, therefore reduced the communication range of responder. Yet among the embodiment that here describes, the control circuit of responder only provides power by internal cell. As long as this battery can in requisition for energy, the energy of inquiry radiation just is not used for providing energy for responder. Therefore all inquiry emittance of being received by antenna substantially can be used for backscattering. Therefore, the structure of here describing makes the backscattering communication range maximization between responder and the reader.
In certain embodiments, responder 28 is arranged to can be from approximately-20 ℃ operating under about 65 ℃ temperature range, and operating under about 95% non-condensing humidity range from about 5%. In certain embodiments, responder 28 can be resisted liquid and other non-corrosive material. In certain embodiments, and exist RF to absorb and the material of the reflection passive balise in existing is compared, responder 28 helps the communication that improves.
The code that is stored in the responder 28 can be consistent with any appropriate configuration, standard or pact. For example, this code can be according to a kind of by EPCglobal, the industrial drives standard of Inc. exploitation, Electronic Product Code(TM) The further details that relates to this standard can find at www.epcglobalinc.org. Typical Product Identifying pact is the EAN.UCC standard. Relate to this standard details canwww.ean-ucc.orgOn obtain. In certain embodiments, except reading code, reader 32 can be written to the input data in the responder 28, as the part of inquiry process. In inquiry subsequently, data writing can be read by identical or different readers subsequently.
In certain embodiments, inquiry radiation and backscattering radiation be generally about 300 and approximately hyperfrequency (UHF) scope between the 3000MHz be launched, yet also can use for example other suitable higher or lower frequency ranges of microwave. Here, never invention disclosed here is constrained in the UHF segment limit and operates. The special selection of frequency can be depending on the restriction of national spectrum disposition and other regulations and function. For example, typical frequency band is about 800-900MHz scope in Europe, and is about 900-950MHz scope in North America, and in certain embodiments, identical responder can be arranged to and can operate at the different frequency band according to landform. Similarly, the present invention promotes easily the more seamless operation of passing the earth.
When reader 32 is launched information or other orders to responder, can transmit with any suitable modulation type, for example amplitude shift keying (ASK), frequency shift keying (FSK), single-side belt (SSB), double-side band (DSB) and phase-shift keying (PSK) are regulated.
Fig. 2 is for schematically showing the block diagram according to the details of the rfid system 20 of the embodiment of the invention. Responder 28 comprises substrate 48, and this substrate 48 is as the basis that various responder parts are installed. 52 pairs of inquiry radiation by reader 32 emissions of antenna receive and backscattering. In certain embodiments, this responder can comprise two or more antennas for improvement of coverage.
The integrated circuit (IC) 56 that is typically application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) is carried out various processing and the logic function of responder 28. In certain embodiments, utilization is arranged in some functions that realize IC56 on the substrate 48 as the discrete component of this responder production process part.
In certain embodiments, this responder is usually less than 1 millimeters thick and have tortuous radius less than 25 millimeters. In certain embodiments, this responder is less than 0.6 millimeters thick. In certain embodiments, this responder has the tortuous radius less than 50 millimeters.
In certain embodiments, this thin and soft battery comprises the first undissolved negative pole, the second undissolved positive pole, and the aqueous electrolyte between this negative pole positive pole. This dielectric substrate usually comprises: the easy deliquescence material that (a) is used for remaining this open cell (open cell) humidity; (b) be used for need obtaining the electricity of ionic conductivity to activate soluble substance; And (c) be used for to obtain this electrolyte is adhered to the water-soluble polymer that needs viscosity on the electrode. In certain embodiments, two electrode layers and dielectric substrate are usually with the structural configuration of relative orientation. Alternatively, two electrode layers and dielectric substrate can also coplanar structure be arranged. The battery that produces can help to form even thinner responder.
In other embodiments, battery 60 comprises the thin and soft battery of describing as in the 20030165744A1 U.S. Patent Application Publication file, and wherein this document disclosure is here introduced with reference to ground.
In certain embodiments, as being described in more detail below, when battery 60 was thin and soft as mentioned above battery, as the part of responder production process, the different layers of this battery was deposited on the substrate 48. In embodiment optionally, the thin and soft battery applications of previous assembling in or be attached on the substrate 48.
In certain embodiments, battery 60 can inactive state keep, to increase this battery life. Untapped responder 28 needs this situation for making still also. Can use the method for any suitable promotion inactive state, such as but not limited to the use of thin slice above battery.
In certain embodiments, control module 64 comprises the microcontroller core of the suitable software of operation that is connected with memory with peripheral logic. What can select maybe can to add is, control module 64 can be included in logic function and the management function that realizes in the hardware as an IC56 part. Memory 66 can comprise the memory of any non-volatile or battery support (battery-backed) suitably, for example EEPROM (E2PROM). Owing to have lower operating voltage and electric current and low cost, battery backed memory is favourable sometimes.
In certain embodiments, memory 66 comprises: read memory part 67, therein module 64 storage codes and read it during it is sent to reader; And write memory part 69, using for when the data that send to this responder from reader are stored. In certain embodiments, this read-write memory part can be activated and stop using according to circumstances and independently, to reduce the energy that obtains from battery 60.
In certain embodiments, this code is by write memory 66 for good and all, as the IC manufacture process or as the part of responder production process. In other embodiments, during operation, this code can write and revise by reader 32, in certain embodiments, this code is written to the utilization that needs password in the memory or suitable security code. The code modulated that this modulator handle is given for change is to the backscattering radiation, and this backscattering radiation is backscattered to reader 32 from antenna 52. Be described in more detail below this modulator approach.
In certain embodiments, responder 28 comprises to be differentiated and/or encryption device, is used for verification responder and/or tracked object and the homogeneity of reader.
IC56 also can comprise energy saving module 70. According to the operator scheme of responder, the different hardware function of 70 pairs of responders 28 of module and parts start and end, in order to make the electric current that obtains from battery 60 minimize and prolong its life-span. Module 70 can be used Battery Status Indicator 72, is used for estimating the state of battery 60. Module 70 usually utilizes hardware, software or both combinations to realize with state-machine. In following Fig. 6 A, 6B and 7, show in detail the operation of module 70.
In certain embodiments, IC 56 comprises real-time clock (RTC) 74. In certain embodiments, this responder reads RTC, and time mark is added on the code that sends to reader. In certain embodiments, responder 28 utilizes one or more external sensor 78 to survey one or more local conditional. For example, near sensor 78 detectable temperature or other environmental conditions responder 28. Sensor 78 also can comprise motion sensor, distort sensor (tamper sensors), impact/vibrating sensor, humidity sensor, radiation sensor, chemical sensor, gas or Smoke Sensor, weight sensor, medicine (drugs) sensor, explosives sensor or any other suitable sensor.
Some had numerals in these sensors 78 or discrete output, and other sensors can have simulation output. In certain embodiments, IC56 comprises analog-digital converter (ADC) 76, and output signal sampling and a numerical value of sampling of 76 pairs of analog sensors of this analog-digital converter offer control module 64. In some cases, for example at least one sensor of temperature sensor can be realized in IC. In certain embodiments, at least one sensor can be in the outside realization of IC56.
In certain embodiments, the combination of the information of sensor 78 and RTC74 is to provide the alert consitions relevant with the time. For example, if local temperature surpasses the predetermined threshold of predetermined time interval, then IC56 can send alarm to reader. The alarm of this report can also comprise the time-stamp of indicating event time. In certain embodiments, when tracked object is outside the reader communication scope, can in memory 66, record the distribution of the measurement value sensor that changes along with the time. For example the sensor location of Time-temperature distribution is important in the application of for example FF packing, medical supplies, medicine and any other responsive to temperature commodity, in certain embodiments, control module 64 can also be according to starting from the instruction of reader, stop using or controlling the parts of tracked object.
In certain embodiments, this IC comprises electrification reset (POR) and WatchDog Timer (WD) module 80. When applying electric energy, this POR usually resets to control module 64. When using such microcontroller, the microcontroller in some software failure scheme of usually resetting of this WatchDog Timer in control module 64.
In certain embodiments, the function of IC 56 can also be carried out by parts special-purpose by two or more or general purpose.
Fig. 3 A-3C is for schematically showing the schematic diagram according to the antenna 52 different illustrative embodiments of the embodiment of the invention. Usually, the antenna system of selection with and structure and size depend on the size and shape of operating frequency and responder expection. Be suitable for responder 28 special structures, antenna 52 can comprise one pole, bipolar, patch, array or any other suitable antenna type. In certain embodiments, the part of this antenna can be tortuous or not so be directed being fit in the allocation space on the substrate 48.
Fig. 3 A shows exemplary dipole antenna 90, and this dipole antenna 90 comprises two elements with tortuous end, and this end is at distributing point 92 feeds. This embodiment is optimized with the frequency at 900 MHz maximum backscattering and maximum modulation depth is provided, and in this embodiment, each element is 102 millimeters long, and wherein 42 millimeters angles with 90 degree are tortuous. In exemplary embodiments optionally, also be optimized to operate at 900MHz, the total length of each element remains 102 millimeters, and this meanders is longer, for example is 67 millimeters. In selective embodiment, the different length of different total lengths and tortuous end can be used for being fit to the responder size of expection. If have sufficient length at substrate 48, then can also use does not have the directly bipolar of tortuous end.
Fig. 3 B shows the exemplary unipole antenna that comprises active component 94 and ground plane 96. The active component bottom of distributing point 92 between element 94 and ground plane 96. The total length of element 94 also is 102 millimeters, to make the maximization of backscattering and modulation depth under the operating frequency of 900MHz. As dipole antenna 90, as seen the end of the active component 94 of this unipole antenna is tortuous, in the geometry that is fit to responder 28 distribution. If have sufficient length, then can also use different tortuous amounts and particularly not have tortuous straight one pole.
Fig. 3 C shows the replacing structure of responder 28, and wherein the parts of responder 28 are positioned on two different surfaces of packing case 24. In some actual conditions, desirable be antenna 52 be arranged on this packing case (or other objects) narrow surperficial 97 on, wherein should the surface too narrow and can not be fit to whole responder. For example, although the surface 98 that width enough is fit to this responder also sometimes made by the metal material that interferes with antenna 52 radiation diagrams. Two this typical case are CD (CD) packing box and some medicine package boxes. In another kind of situation, tracked object can not comprise any surface that enough is fit to whole responder.
In these situations, responder 28 can be mounted to around the bight of packing case 24. As shown in the figure, therefore this responder is attached on two different surfaces of this package. As illustrating below, substrate 48 and the general enough softness of responder 28 other layers that comprises antenna 52 and battery 60, thus to illustrate or to surround this bight in any other suitable mode, this can help to form improved radiation diagram. In the example of Fig. 3 C, be positioned on narrow surperficial 97 with IC56 for the antenna 52 of straight dipole antenna in this case. Battery 60 is positioned on the surface 98, and is interconnected on this IC. In other embodiments, this IC can separate with antenna, and is positioned on the surface identical with battery.
In certain embodiments, the part of tracked object can be made by suitable material, and this material can be used as antenna 52 or its part. In a unrestricted example, the part that responder 28 is attached to metal box wherein can be used as radiated element or as the ground plane of antenna.
When arranging the antenna 52 of responder 28, general desirable is that this antenna radiation pattern can be as far as possible near spherical. In given communication range, spherical radiation figure makes reader in any direction communicate by letter with this responder. In certain embodiments, antenna 52 directions are insensitive, so it can be with respect to this reader antenna direction in any position operation. Zero usually causes " the blind angle of radiation " in antenna radiation pattern, and wherein the communication range between reader and responder reduces significantly. In certain embodiments, as being described below, antenna 52 is optimized, so that maximum RCS and maximum percentage modulation (Δ RCS) to be provided during backscattered modulation.
Fig. 4 A is for schematically showing the schematic diagram according to antenna 52 three-dimensional radiation Figure 100 of the embodiment of the invention. Among Fig. 3 B the unipole antenna radiation diagram has been shown in the above. For at three-dimensional each incline direction, the figure shows the attainable read range between reader 32 and responder 28. In many practical devices, pure spherical radiation figure is difficult to realize, and often causes the remarkable loss that gains. In certain embodiments, for example the circular chart of Figure 100 is considered to preferably approximation usually.
Fig. 4 B is for schematically showing the figure according to the unipole antenna covering of the embodiment of the invention. Figure 102 shows the percentage of the three-dimensional perspective that is covered by Fig. 4 A radiation diagram of each communication range. For example, at 6.7 meters communication range, 95% three-dimensional perspective covers, and in other words, when the distance between reader 32 and the responder 28 is 6.7 meters, can communicate in 95% of possibility reader direction. 19.3 meters distance, about 30% direction covers.
Backscattered modulation
The modulator 68 of responder 28 can receive the serial binary ordered series of numbers from control module 64, and this serial binary ordered series of numbers represents to expect to be transferred to the information of reader. This binary sequence of modulator responses is modulated the RCS of antenna 52. As a result, the amplitude of this backscattering radiation is therefore modulated. When this Antenna/RCS of modulators modulate, can use any suitable bit rate. For example, EPCglobal above-mentioned defines the bit rate in the 40-640 kilobits/second, is used for responder to reader. Lower bit rate in about 1-3 kilobits/second scope is used in other application scenarios. Selectively, can use any other suitable bit rate.
As in the following detailed description of, when inquiring that radiation does not detect by responder, then control module 64 and modulator 68 usually do not start, and specifically, only carry out backscattered modulation when the inquiry radiation exists. Reader 32 receives the backscattered modulation radiation, and demodulation is also extracted code, and this information is sent to processing unit 36.
Usually, modulator 68 switches in and is called the RCS between two values of " RCS is high " and " RCS is low ", and wherein 1 and 0 of these two values and the binary sequence that represents code is corresponding. Usually, modulator 68 uses binary system amplitude shift keying (ASK) to modulate the value of Antenna/RCS. Can select among the embodiment, this modulator can utilize plural value to modulate Antenna/RCS. For example use quaternary ASK modulation.
When responder 28 is carried out backscattered modulation, only inquire that the energy of radiation is for generation of the backscattering radiation. Specifically, 28 of responders use the electric energy of battery 60, are used for the modulation Antenna/RCS, rather than the energy that needs for generation of backscattering, thereby have prolonged the life-span of battery and responder.
Usually, modulator 68 changes the RCS of antenna 52 by the impedance that changes distributing point 92. Set the first resistance value, thereby from the backscattered energy minimization of antenna, therefore provide " RCS is low " state. Set the second resistance value, thereby to by the backscattered energy maximization of antenna, therefore form " RCS is high " state. In one embodiment, this modulator provides " RCS is high " state by form open circuit at antenna terminal. Open-circuit condition makes basically all energy by the inquiry radiation of antenna reception be reversed scattering. Therefore, the maximization of the communication range between responder and reader.
The impedance that is controlled at antenna 52 distributing points can make the absolute RCS value of modulator control antenna, and the ratio between " RCS is high " and " RCS is low " value. This ratio is expressed as Δ RCS, sometimes is also referred to as modulation depth.
In certain embodiments, antenna and modulator are united arrangement, in order to meet simultaneously two conditions. Make backscatter power amount (being also referred to as " backscatter gain " or " backscattering value ") maximization at " RCS is high " state, make the maximization of responder communication range. Simultaneously, modulation depth (Δ RCS) maximization can make reader transmission 1 and 0 between distinguish so that demodulation is from the code of backscattering radiation reliably. In general, only in the geometrical constraint and effective dimensions of responder 28, this antenna energy optimization is used for making RCS and Δ RCS maximization.
In passive and auxiliary responders of battery at some that background technology is described, wherein these responders use the inquiry emittance to be used for this responder of operation, and the circuit that is connected with antenna also comprises the device of adjusting or not so extracting from the energy of inquiry radiation. In other words, this antenna loads by responder power source or power conversion circuits. This power conversion circuits is usually crossed antenna and is introduced additional parallel resistance and electric capacity, and this reduces the backscattering performance of antenna significantly. On the other hand, responder 28 is not extracted as the energy of IC energy supply from antenna 52. Therefore, but antenna 52 and its match circuit optimization, for not having to make backscattering efficient and modulation depth maximization in the additional constraint situation.
In certain embodiments, the backscattering efficient of responder 28 usually is higher than 75%, and as a rule than 95% height. The backscattering definitions of efficiency is at the ratio between backscattered gross energy and the inquiry radiation gross energy received by antenna from antenna. In other words, 95% backscattering efficient refer to 5% by antenna reception to the inquiry emittance be invalid for backscattering, and 95% received energy is reversed scattering.
In certain embodiments, this modulator comprises solid-state switch, and wherein this switch is operationally at distributing point 92 or be coupled with antenna terminal in its vicinity. This switch changes the resistance value that loads this antenna at antenna 52 distributing points, therefore modulates like that as explained above the RCS of antenna.
The switch that switch 82 can comprise field-effect transistor (FET), GaAs switch, pin diode switch or utilize any other suitable switching technique to make. The conversion time of this switch is usually below 50ns. In some cases, can have by the input impedance that makes IC low Payload (being low resistance) and form high RCS. Usually low RCS can have to load with effective (resistance) of the impedance matching of this antenna by loaded antenna and obtains. Yet, it should be noted that the actual size of this antenna has major effect to the RCS value that can reach. The typical impedance value that is used for switch 82 is as follows:
| RCS is high | RCS is low | |
| Impedance | ≤10Ω | ≥1000Ω |
| Shunt capacitance | ≤1pF | ≤025pF |
Being assumed to half-wavelength antenna, this resistance value forms respectively approximately-1dB and approximately " RCS is high " and " RCS is low " value of-20 dB. Alternatively, can use any other suitable resistance value.
Consider the radiation diagram of antenna 52, should " RCS is high " make antenna 52 have two different backscattering values at any incline direction with " RCS is low " backscattered modulation state. Communication range between responder 28 and reader 32 usually along with reader with respect to the azimuth of this transponder antenna and the elevation angle and change.
Fig. 5 A-5C is for schematically showing " RCS is high " and the image of " RCS is low " backscattering value according to the RFID transponder antenna of the embodiment of the invention, wherein this backscattering value function that is frequency. Fig. 5 A shows the backscattering value of tortuous dipole antenna 90 shown in Fig. 3 A (having 42 millimeters tortuous ends) in the above. Figure 106 shows bipolar 90 the backscattering value under " RCS is high " state of drawing as frequency function. Compare with desirable isotropic radiator, the backscattering value represents with dBi or dB. Figure 108 shows the backscattering value of identical dipole antenna when switching to " RCS is low " state by modulator, when research Figure 106, can see, this antenna and its circuit arrangement that matches become that backscatter gain is maximized under " RCS high " state under the 900MHz operating frequency, be approximately-7.5dB. In curve 106 and 108, can find out that Δ RCS (in the curve 106 of CF and the difference between curve 108 values) also in 900 MHz maximization, is about 4dB.
Fig. 5 B shows the backscattering value of the tortuous dipole antenna 90 with 67 millimeters tortuous ends. Figure 110 shows the backscattering value of antenna under " RCS is high " state, and curve 112 shows the backscattering value under " RCS is low " state. This gain is also drawn as frequency function, and represents with dBi. As among Fig. 5 A, can find out that the backscattering value maximizes at 900MHz5 under " RCS is high " state, be approximately-12dB. This Δ RCS value also is maximized at 900MHz, is approximately 6dB.
Fig. 5 C shows the backscattering value of unipole antenna shown in top Fig. 3 B. Figure 114 shows the backscattering value at " RCS is high " state lower monopole antenna, and curve 116 shows the backscattering value under " RCS is low " state. Δ RCS and backscattering value under " RCS is high " state are maximized under 900MHz, are approximately respectively-8dBi and 75dB.
Operator scheme and energy conservation
Fig. 6 A and Fig. 6 B are for schematically showing the flow chart that is used for the method for communication between reader 32 and RFID responder 28 according to the embodiment of the invention. Responder 28 as rfid system 20 parts can operation under various operator schemes and order. For example, this operator scheme can define by specific protocol or the standard of system's 20 usefulness, and these agreements or standard for example are EPCglobal standard above-mentioned. The generally definition in the control module in IC56 64 and the energy conservation module 70 of the certain operational modes group that responder 28 and various trigger use or the condition that between these patterns, changes.
Although following Fig. 6 A and 6B have described two possible operation modal sets, yet these patterns only illustrate as understanding example. Many other patterns limit and program can be carried out in responder 28 and system 20 usually. This restriction will become apparent to those skilled in the art that and thinks within the scope of the invention. Specifically, Fig. 6 A and 6B are used for illustrating the operation of energy conservation module 70 in IC 56. For the operator scheme that is responder 28 definition, the hardware capability that 70 startup responders of module 28 need, thus the electric current that obtains from battery 60 is minimized.
In general, responder 28 and reader 32 can operate in two different modes or agreement, namely are called responder-at first say (TTF) and reader-at first say (RTF). In the TTF operation, when this responder was surveyed existence inquiry radiation, it began usually with its code of random interval transmission. In RTF (being sometimes referred to as challenger-at first say, perhaps ITF) operation, this reader must be indicated its code of responder transmission clearly, as the part of query processing.
Fig. 6 A shows the method into typical TTF operation. The method at first is in " sleep pattern " beginning in the step 120 of awaiting orders with responder 28. At detecting step 118 and reader detecting step 119, whether responder is verified continuously the inquiry radiation and is existed. Until before detecting this existence, this responder remains at sleep pattern. Usually, when in sleep pattern, 70 of energy conservation modules start minimum hardware capability, and extract minimum electric current from battery 60. For about different energy conservation states and the operation of module 70, see also following Fig. 7. Responder comprises among the embodiment of RTC74 therein, even when this responder is in sleep pattern, RTC74 also can come energy supply by this responder battery all the time.
In certain embodiments, this rf detector in detector/demodulator 62 is arranged between noise and TEM radiation and distinguishes. By detection, differentiation and the horizontal survey of noise and signal, this RF detector its detection sensitivity of can therefore bringing about changes easily for example changes the signal detection reference levels relevant with noise. Equally, this rf detector assurance device can not operate by noise, and avoids from battery 60 unnecessary the obtaining of energy.
When detecting the inquiry radiation in step 119, this responder can enter half active mode in half active operating procedure 121. In half active expiration step 122, verifiable half active overtime whether expiration of this responder is if overtime expiration then can turn back to sleep pattern at this responder of step 120.
After entering half active mode, reading setting up procedure 123, this responder can start the memory portion 67 that reads in the memory 66. Start this read memory so that this responder reads its code from memory 66. At code transmitting step 124, responder can also can utilize backscattered modulation that it is transmitted into reader by reading code from memory 66. This responder to be repeating transmission code at random or with the pseudorandom interval, to avoid and transmission collision from other responders. Alternatively, can adopt any other suitable anticollision protocol by responder. Module 70 comprises code transmission time-out count device, and this counter is identified for maximum time interval or the maximum number of repetitions of transmission code. In case code transmits overtime termination, then can turn back to sleep pattern at this responder of step 120.
After its code is transferred to reader, in data check step 125, the verifiable input inquiry data from reader of this responder. If this data exist, then at inquiry receiving step 126, this responder can receive this inquiry data. These inquiry data can comprise the input data that will write memory 66, perhaps affect the order of transponder operated.
Verify step 127 in sleep, this responder is verified these inquiry data and whether is comprised " falling asleep " order. If fallen asleep by instruction, then this responder can turn back to step 120. Effectively verify step 128 at code, whether verifiable these inquiry data of responder comprise is confirmed to receive (ACK) code by reader, and the message (being also referred to as " ID is effective " message) finished of responder function. If receive order, then can continue this inquiry data decode at this responder of step 126.
In addition, writing verification step 129, this responder is verified these inquiry data and whether is comprised " writing " order. If detect this order, the simultaneously overtime not expiration of write mode, then in write-enable step 132, this responder can be enabled in the write memory part 69 in the memory 66. In data check step 130, this responder is verified from the follow-up data of reader transmission. If receive this data, then in write step 133, this responder writes data in the memory 66. Then, then turn back to sleep pattern at step 120 responder. In the communication failure situation, the overtime timer of write mode of verifying step 131 verification in write mode can limit this write mode duration.
If countless certificates are detected, then this responder turns back to step 124, and continues its code of transmission and verify data or order, until in the overtime expiration of half active mode of module 70. Then, turn back to sleep pattern at this responder of step 120.
But Fig. 6 B shows the system of selection that represents the RTF operation. Difference between TTF and RTF operation is, in RTF, exists in case detect reader, and then this responder begins to listen to reader, and verifies data or order.
In the step 120 of awaiting orders, the method is in " sleep pattern " beginning with responder 28. When step 119 detects reader, this responder can enter half active mode in half active operating procedure 121. If the overtime expiration of this half active mode by half active termination step 122 is verified then turns back to sleep pattern at this responder of step 120.
In addition, in decoding step 134, this responder begins the inquiry data by the reader transmission are received the decode. If the inquiry data that receive comprise " falling asleep " order of verifying as verified step 135 by sleep, then can turn back to sleep pattern at this responder of step 120. In addition, reading verification step 136, this responder is verified these inquiry data and whether is comprised " reading " order. If receive " reading " order, then this responder is verified this reading order in address verification step 137 and whether is addressed to it or it group. If " reading " of receiving order is not addressed to special responder 28 or its group, it turns back to decoding step 134, and continues this inquiry data decode.
Search out rightly special responder or its group if " read " order, then stop verifying step 138 at read mode, this responder can be examined the overtime not expiration of read mode in module 70. If expiration then turns back to sleep pattern at step 120 responder. In addition, in read step 139, this responder can start the read memory part 67 of memory 66, and can be from reading code wherein. At code transmitting step 140, then responder utilizes backscattered modulation that code is transmitted into reader. After sending code, this responder turns back to step 134 and continues inquiry data decode to this input.
Verify step 141 in validity, this responder is verified these inquiry data and whether is comprised affirmation (a kind of " ID receives and be effective ") message. If receive this order, then continue this inquiry data decode at this responder of step 134.
If there are not data detected, then this responder turns back to step 134, and continues to this inquiry data check and to its decoding, until in the overtime expiration of half active mode of module 70. Then, turn back to sleep pattern at this responder of step 120.
In certain embodiments, IC56 has the " fall back " mode" of operation, and wherein when battery 60 can not provide enough energy to come for this IC energy supply, this responder can operate similarly with passive balise. In these embodiments, this IC comprises the power conversion circuits 63 with rectifier, capacitor or similar power conversion, and/or memory circuit is used for extracting energy from this inquiry radiation. IC56 usually comprises for one or more switch that opens and closes when needed power conversion circuits 63. (as mentioned above such, this power conversion circuits usually reduces the backscattering efficient of antenna 52. Therefore, often desirable is shut-off circuit under normal battery auxiliary operation, and only has and use it when not using battery).
Fig. 6 A and 6B show respectively the example operation program of typical TTF and RTF operation. In some alternative embodiments, this responder can use and be suitable for TTF and RTF and operate both unified operation sequences. In such an embodiment, after detecting reader and existing, this responder is usually verified by what reader showed to be needed pattern or whether operates RTF or TTF, and carries out special-purpose operation sequence.
In certain embodiments, Battery Status Indicator 130 can comprise that close beta (built in test, BIT) or BIT can be parts separately. Battery status includes but not limited to close beta parameter and the weak warning of battery. The close beta parameter include, but are not limited to " battery is strong " indication, " battery weak " indication, " battery needs to change " indication, with the estimation of battery possible operation and calculate number with and combination. In certain embodiments, the transmission of battery status is along with as each transmission of the responder 28 of a code part and carry out. Alternatively, this battery status of transmission under reader 32 requests.
In some versions, the inquiry radiation have excess energy, exceed for the needed energy of reader reliable communication. For example, when the distance between reader and responder hour, this condition can occur. In certain embodiments, when this inquiry radiation had excess energy, power conversion circuits 63 can be inquired extraction some or all excess energy the radiation from this. For example, responder can use excess energy, is used to the IC56 in parallel with battery 60 that power is provided. Can add or alternatively, it is battery 60 chargings that this responder can utilize this excess energy. Also can add or alternatively, this responder can inquire that the radiation excess energy carries out any other suitable utilization to this.
Yet, should be emphasized that when utilizing the energy of this inquiry radiation, first priority is to make in the maximization of the communication range between reader and responder under the designated communication reliability. Therefore developing this excess energy is restricted in the situation that wherein responder communication range and communication reliability do not damage.
Energy saving in the RTF operation
As required, for example by EPCglobal standard above-mentioned, when responder 28 operates, there are special needs in effective energy saving under the RTF pattern. No matter when detect the inquiry radiation, the RTF agreement all needs responder to listen to continuously and verify data and order. Because general rfid system comprises a plurality of responders and sometimes comprises a plurality of readers, specific responder is the time detecting inquiry radiation of percentage quite. Great majority are usually used for other responders in these inquiries. If no matter when inquire radiation exist, responder all starts its circuit fully, and then its battery life will reduce significantly.
In certain embodiments, at the some energy saving states of module 70 definition. Each transponder operated pattern of the different mode of for example describing among Fig. 6 A and the 6B in the above is relevant with concrete energy saving state. Utilize different energy saving states, module 70 starts and the hardware capability of the minimal amount that each operator scheme of stopping using needs. In an exemplary embodiment, in module 70, defined five different energy management states according to following form:
| The energy saving state | The responder function | Active hardware | General electric current |
| A | Verify the existence of inquiry emittance | RF detector in detector/ | ＜0.25μA |
| B | The header of retrieval in the inquiry radiation | Detector/ | ＜3μA |
| C | Separate code acquisition data and order | Identical with above-mentioned B, in | ＜5μA |
| C | Read mode (operates whole logic circuits | Identical with above-mentioned C, add at memory | ＜10μA |
| With reading code from memory) | | ||
| E | Write mode (operate whole logic circuits and write data in the memory) | Identical with above-mentioned D, add write memory in | ＜15μA |
Fig. 7 finishes by module 70 under the RTF pattern for schematically showing the state diagram according to the exemplary sequence that is used for energy saving of the embodiment of the invention.
When responder 28 detection inquiry radiation exist, the program of calling graph 7. For example behind reader detecting step 119, can call this program in Fig. 6 B method in the above, and the step 119-134 in replaceable the method.
Behind the inquiry radiation detection, at formal verification state 240, responder 28 verifiable in this inquiry radiation the tentation data form whether exist. The purpose of step 240 is to avoid starting unnecessary hardware element, until the energy source that confirm to detect is in effective inquiry radiation of reader, rather than derives from noise or interference. At state 240, module 70 is energy saving state B (as definition in the form in the above), and the electric current that obtains from battery 60 in the time of 1.5 volts is generally below the 3 μ A. Therefore state 240 can screen many false alarm events, obtains simultaneously minimum electric current from this battery.
In case after detecting effective form, confirm state 242 in the address, but the header of this responder 28 demodulation inquiry radiation, and verify specific addressing. The purpose of state 242 is to filter out the inquiry that is not this concrete responder of addressing, and therefore should ignore. At state 242, module 70 is energy saving state C, and the electric current that obtains from battery 60 in the time of 1.5 volts is generally below the 5 μ A. If do not detect access at predetermined timeout interval, then this responder turns back to state 240.
Be addressed to concrete responder in case find this inquiry, then module 70 can start demodulation and all inquires the needed hardware of data, and receives these data in inquiry demodulation state 244. At state 244, module 70 is in energy saving state D, and is generally below the 10 μ A from the electric current that 1.5 voltaic elements 60 obtain.
Can be from being understandable that the device as mentioned above, only have when be sure oing to expect that effective inquiry radiation for particular transponder is being received, just to reach state 244. Therefore, in the RTF operation, reduce significantly the average current that from battery 60, obtains by utilizing this state machine device.
In certain embodiments, responder 28 can also respond the operator scheme of being scheduled to overtime condition and changing it. This condition is by the 70 evaluated and startups of energy saving module. For example:
If detect the inquiry radiation for predetermined lasting time, but within this duration, do not detect mode then this responder the energy that detects as noise or interference. After such event, at predetermined time interval, the inquiry that module 70 can force responder to be ignored subsequently detects.
If detect mode but do not detect addressing to this particular transponder in predetermined lasting time, then at predetermined time interval, the inquiry that module 70 can force this responder to be ignored subsequently detects.
After inquiry and exchanges data successful between responder and the reader, for certain period, this responder can conclude that this reader can not inquire it again. In this case, predetermined time interval after the inquiry of success, module 70 forces responder to detect with the inquiry of ignoring subsequently. (this condition shows that in some cases, overtime condition can be utilized the knowledge of the special RTF agreement of use, with save battery power. )
By utilizing overtime condition, consuming under the less power state, this responder can spend the time of higher percent, has therefore reduced the average power drawn from battery 60. This overtime condition is combined with above state machine device shown in Figure 7, reduces significantly from the average current consumption of battery 60. Lower power consumption can be used for the life-span of this prolongation responder, perhaps reduces the size of battery 60 and further makes the responder miniaturization.
RFID responder frame for movement
Fig. 8 is the decomposing schematic representation according to the RFID responder 28 of the embodiment of the invention. In this example, responder 28 is taked thin and soft label form. In unrestricted example, this label has about 3 and takes advantage of 5 inches size, and this label is less than 1 millimeter thickness simultaneously. Identical Basic Design structure can be used for the auxiliary RFID responder of battery of multi-form and size. The upside of Fig. 8 is attached to a side of tracked object corresponding to label.
The figure shows substrate 48, wherein this substrate 48 selectively can be any suitable substrate described above. In certain embodiments, substrate is polyester, has rather than is confined to 75 microns of polyester. Antenna 52 is deposited on the substrate 48. Antenna in this example is the unipole antenna shown in Fig. 3 B, and wherein this antenna is printed on the substrate 48 as metal level. Can be clear that in the drawings active component 94 and ground plane 96 both. Except antenna, in case also comprising battery 60 and antenna 52, this printed metal layer is attached on this substrate and wire with the IC56 interconnection of this battery 60 and antenna 52. Battery 60, Power Paper cell type STD-3 or STD-4 are attached to the appropriate location on ground plane 96 tops in this case. By suitable jockey, for example by using suitable electroconductive binder 185, battery terminal is connected on the printed circuit cable. IC 56 is fixed on the appropriate location of this substrate, and interconnects with this battery and antenna.
For example utilize double-sided adhesive 187, substrate and parts mounted thereto are attached on the lining 186 such as but not limited to silicone liner. In the time of on responder 28 being fixed to package 24 or other tracked objects, this silicone liner can be stripped from, and responder utilizes double-sided adhesive to be attached on the object.
In certain embodiments, be applied with for example extra play (not shown in FIG.) of adhesive layer, wherein this adhesive layer is arranged to and is convenient to this responder label and has uniform thickness.
In alternative embodiment, release liner 186 can be arranged in the distally of substrate 48. Yet owing to the package of antenna 52 near tracked object, thereby this structure is always unsuitable.
The responder structure that forms is less, smooth and soft, it is attached on the different objects easily, and adapts with this body form. At enough larger volumes, this label low price is also abandoned after use.
Fig. 9 is for schematically showing the flow chart for the manufacture of RFID responder 28 methods according to the embodiment of the invention. At substrate supplying step 190, substrate 48 is set. Substrate 48 is usually made by the material of for example polyester or paper. Other examples of backing material comprise combination or any other suitable material of braided material, non-woven material, polymer, conductive material, non-conducting material, cardboard, plastics, synthetic material, natural material, fabric, metal, timber, glass, lucite, these materials. (here)
Alternatively, substrate 48 can be comprised of a plurality of substrate base layer, and wherein these substrate base layer are by the stacking or connection with coplanar generation of any suitable adherence method. Substrate 48 comprises that among the embodiment of a plurality of basic units, each all selectively is attached on the different substrate base layer in antenna, IC and the battery therein. Alternatively, substrate 48 can be any suitable size, shape or color.
In one embodiment, substrate 48 can form with tracked object or its package integral body. For example, substrate 48 can be used as the inalienable part of cardboard case, wooden case, metal box, plastic box, metal can, automobile etc. In this way, responder 28 can be formed directly on the manufactured goods material, and then this material is selectively further processed, to form tracked object or its package. This embodiment promotes integrated RFID responder to form.
In certain embodiments, substrate 48 can be arranged to and comprise suitable attachment device, and this just promotes easily that responder 28 is fixed on tracked object or its package. This attachment device can include, but are not limited to viscosity, label, hook and the ring fixed system (Velcro for example that adheres certainly), magnetic adherence part, adsorption fastener, belt with and combination.
At antenna deposition step 192, antenna 52 is deposited on the substrate 48. Can deposit by the following method antenna: namely utilize thick-film deposition method, etching process, by the fixing metal paper tinsel or be cut into the template of suitable shape, by printing suitable conductive ink, utilize method of evaporating or utilizing any other suitable deposition process. In certain embodiments, utilize suitable printed circuit board (PCB) (PCB) manufacturing process that antenna 52 is deposited on the substrate. In these embodiments, substrate 48 comprises the suitable PCB material with metal level disposed thereon.
In IC deposition step 194, IC56 is positioned on the substrate 48. This IC can weld, pastes or utilize any other suitable mode to be attached on the substrate. In one embodiment, utilize in " flip-chip " known in the art technology this IC and the wire interconnects that is arranged on the substrate. In this embodiment, this flip chip interconnects part also plays the effect of mechanical attachment means. In step 192, wire can be deposited on the substrate with antenna. Usually, the position of IC is chosen to the distributing point 92 of as close as possible antenna 52, in order to keep the impedance matching of demand or do not mate, and the loss of signal is minimized.
In alternative embodiment, IC 56 is included in organic polymer electronic chip known in the art. This polymer chip is printable, and can directly be printed on the substrate 48. Use this chip can be convenient to whole manufacturing of printing responder, wherein this battery, connector, antenna and chip can be printed on this substrate.
In another alternative embodiment, can replace IC 56 with a plurality of discrete components. This discrete component preferably can utilize the printing technology manufacturing, and can be printed onto on the substrate 48. This printable discrete component is convenient to whole manufacturing of printing responder.
Apply step 196 at battery, this battery 60 is applied on the substrate 48. This battery can and utilize in any suitable position any suitable attachment means mechanically to be attached on the substrate, such as utilizing the means such as stickup, constraint or welding. In certain embodiments, the position of battery 60 is chosen to make the interference with antenna 52 radiation diagrams to minimize. For example, in above frame for movement shown in Figure 8, this battery is attached on the zone of ground plane 96, thereby the impact on the unipole antenna radiation diagram is minimized.
In certain embodiments, when battery 60 for example comprised the thin and soft battery of Power Paper battery as mentioned above, the different layers of this battery 60 can deposit or be printed onto on the substrate 48, as responder production process inalienable part. In an exemplary embodiments, the substrate 48 of this responder is as the substrate of battery 60 one of them electrode, and another substrate is used for the second electrode. Representative cells has been shown and for the manufacture of the method for this battery in following Figure 10 A and Figure 10 B. Alternatively, thin and soft battery can be assembled separately, then is attached on the substrate 48.
Select among the embodiment at one, the part of this battery can be used as the part of antenna 52 or replaces this antenna 52. For example, one of in this cell electrode layer or both conductive materials can be used as the part of antenna.
After on the substrate, in interconnection step 198, these three parts are interconnected antenna, IC and cell deposition. The interconnection of this IC can be used any suitable IC interconnection means, for example " flip-chip " method and Bonding. Use the PCB wire or use any other suitable connection means, battery 60 can interconnect by direct welding and other responder parts.
In certain embodiments, at testing procedure 200, antenna, IC and battery be interconnection in a single day, and this responder just is activated and tests.
Alternatively, in encapsulation step 202, extra play adds on the responder. For example, can increase top and bottom liner, with the mechanical durability of raising responder, and help responder adhering to tracked object. In certain embodiments, extra play is attached to below the substrate 48, to introduce additional spacer between antenna 52 and tracked body surface. For example, when tracked object is metal, can need the spacer that adds, be used for reducing the interference of tracked object and antenna radiation pattern. In some cases, outer laminate is applied on this responder. In this stage, also can increase the addition item of bar code for example or figure label.
Alternatively, in ID write step 204, this code is written in the memory 66 of responder. Alternatively, in the back the stage, this code can be programmed in advance in the memory or be kept in this memory.
Notice that above step 190-204 can different order carry out. For example, when battery 60 is made as a responder production process part, step 196 nature with carry out simultaneously with step 198. As another example, when responder was assembled fully, testing procedure 200 also can be in encapsulation step 202 rear execution.
In certain embodiments, responder 28 is specially adapted to utilize continuous, complete automatically printing drying and lamination process manufacturing. In certain embodiments, use reel-to-reel (roll-to-roll) technique. This reel-to-reel technique can be made responder 28 effectively on a large scale. The method that above step 190-204 describes adapts to different responder structures and different manufacturing quantity and technology easily.
Figure 10 A is the signal exploded view according to the printed battery of the embodiment of the invention. Printed battery is thin and soft 1.5V battery among Figure 10 A, and this battery can be used as the battery 60 of responder 28. Some cell devices print with the ink that some has the demand chemical composition. In above-mentioned the 5th, 652, No. 043, the 5th, 897, No. 522 and the 5th, 811, No. 204 United States Patent (USP)s, describe similar battery and manufacture method in detail.
In this embodiment, battery 60 comprises two current collectors 205 that apply on substrate 206. Anode layer 207 applies on a current collector, and cathode layer 208 applies on another current collector. Electrolyte 209 applies on anode layer 207, cathode layer 208 or both. Partition layer 210 is inserted between anode and the cathode layer.
Figure 10 B is for schematically showing the flow chart for the manufacture of the typical method of battery 60 among Figure 10 A according to the embodiment of the invention. Method as described below can be used for realizing the battery applications step 196 of responder production method among above Fig. 9. In certain embodiments, battery is made individually, then is integrated in the responder. In other embodiments, this battery printing and being manufactured on the substrate identical with responder 28, as responder production method inalienable part.
At current collector print steps 211, the method comprises printing current collector 205. Usually, print two current collectors, one is used for collecting anode current, and another is used for collecting cathode current. Current collector is printed on the suitable substrate 206, for example polyester substrate. (when as the part of responder production process and during printed battery, the substrate 48 of this responder can be used as one of them substrate 206). In certain embodiments, this current collector comprises the current collector ink layer, the Current Collector Ink 2501 that makes of Power Paper Co., Ltd for example, P/N 0002.25.01. This current collector usually uses such as suitable drying devices such as drying boxes afterwards in printing and is dried.
At electrode print steps 212, anode layer 207 and cathode layer 208 are printed on the current collector top. Anode layer 207 usually comprises for example zinc anode ink Anode Ink2101 of Power Paper Co., Ltd manufacturing, the suitable anode ink of P/N 0002.21.01. Cathode layer 208 usually comprises for example manganese dioxide (MnO2) the Cathode Ink 2201 that makes of ink such as Power Paper Co., Ltd, P/N 0002.22.01. This anode and cathode layer usually use such as suitable drying devices such as drying boxes afterwards in printing and are dried.
In electrolyte applying step 214, electrolyte 209 is employed by any suitable mode. Electrolyte can be applied on anode layer 207, cathode layer 208 or both. In certain embodiments, specifically, in using Solder-Paste Printing (stencil printing) technique, electrolyte 209 can comprise the Electrolyte2301 that is for example made by Power Paper Co., Ltd, the electrolyte ink of P/N 0002.23.01. In other embodiments, specifically, when using serigraphy (screen printing), electrolyte 209 comprises for example SP Electrolyte2302 of Power Paper Co., Ltd manufacturing, the electrolyte ink of P/N 0002.23.02. In certain embodiments, dielectric substrate 208 comprises zinc chloride. Alternatively, can use any other suitable electrolyte.
In spacer inserting step 216, partition layer 210 is positioned on anode layer or any one dielectric substrate of the cathode layer top. Partition layer allows anode layer and cathode layer isolation ion to conduct electricity between electrode simultaneously. Usually, this partition layer comprises the porous insoluble substance, for example rather than be confined to filter paper, plastic foil, cellulose membrane, fabric or non-woven material (for example cotton fiber).
In alternative embodiment, as the reaction between the material and/or interactive result in two dielectric substrates, but partition layer 210 forms self.
In 218 assembled batteries of battery number of assembling steps. In certain embodiments, this step comprises uses the viscosity framework, pressure-sensitive stickup framework for example, and wherein this framework is placed on the edge of single-cell for electrolyzation substrate. This step also comprises this electrode layer and this partition layer is pressed onto on the relative electrode layer that does not have a spacer. In this mode, substrate, current collector, electrode, electrolyte and partition layer are stacking in mode shown in top Figure 10 A. In certain embodiments, for example rather than the forcing press that is confined to hot press be used for extruding and paste framework, be used for the optimal adhesion that this pastes framework.
In certain embodiments, connector can be attached on the current collector, as the part of battery number of assembling steps or follow thereafter. This connector for example can comprise sheet metal or bar, two-sided electroconductive binder band and heat-sealing connector.
Example
With reference now to two following examples,, these two examples show invention with above-mentioned specification with non-limited way. Following form provides the ideal format according to the responder 28 of the embodiment of the invention:
| Parameter | Specification |
| Operating frequency | 860-880 and 902-928MHz |
| The frequency hopping operation | For the reader mandate |
| Optimal antenna RCS | For 10 * 10 labels zone, σ/λ2 ＝1m 2 |
| Optimal antenna Δ RCS | Δσ/λ 2＝0.9RCS |
| Have reader EIRP (EIRP)=4 watt free space read and writing range | 30m |
| Reader is modulated to responder | ASK, DSB, SSB, PSK or PSK |
| Responder is modulated to reader | ASK or PSK |
| Reader is to transponder data speed | 4.8-128 kilobits/second |
| Responder is to reader data speed | 4.5-512 kilobits/second |
| Reader is to the responder code | NRZ, Miller, PIE or PWM |
| Responder is to reader code | Directly or subcarrier NRZ, FMO or Miller |
| Substantially non-volatile (EEPROM) storage arrangement: UID system storage password and CRC user memory | 64- |
| Operating temperature | -20-+60℃ |
| Non-infringement RF input at antenna terminal | ≤+20dbm |
Representative instance with the responder 28 of label form is tested under the different operating environment. Under each environment, measure reading reliability (percentage that success is inquired) and read range. Following form shows the unrestricted example for test result under some challenge environment. The reader 32 with individual antenna has been used in all tests. Specifically, some test environments are included near the paillon foil of responder and other metal objects. Yet, in form, can see, under nearly all environment, all realized 100% reading reliability:
| Tracked object | Testing scheme | Reading reliability (% that label reads) | Read range (foot) |
| The canister of fragrancing liquid is housed | Outdoor load/unload | 100％ | Up to 30 feet |
| The aluminium foil juice box | Distribution Center; Reading on | 100％ | 10 feet |
| Device; 100 the casees on the metallic roll container; Container-level distinguishing label | |||
| Tinned food | Distribution Center; Reader on truck doors; 100 the casees on the metallic roll container; Container- | 100％ | 10 feet |
| Ice cream (at-30 ℃) | Distribution Center; Reader on truck doors; 100 the casees on the metallic roll container; Container- | 100％ | 10 feet |
| Mixed cargo (for example pasta condiment, metal coffee can, the spices condiment in aluminium foil) | Reader/door scheme. In the chest of several labels on tray or on every | 100％ | 10 feet |
| Washing agent | Reader/door scheme. Label be positioned at the chest that holds detergent box around | 100％ | 10 feet |
| Baby's wiper | Label holder is single | 100％ | 10 feet |
| Between the project | |||
| Cigar bag (aluminium foil) | Project level; Label of every bag; The moving | 98％ | N/A |
| Beverage (grape wine, soda cans etc.) | Project level; Label of every bottle/ | 100％ | N/A |
| Lubricating oil bottle | The tray rank of beginning a project in which | 100％ | The 23-30 foot |
| Compression dog grain (22 pounds packed) | | 100％ | 32 feet |
| Wooden unit | At the staggered a plurality of labels of three grades of | 100％ | Up to 40 feet |
Although the method and apparatus of here describing relates generally to the auxiliary UHF backscatter RFID transponder of battery, principle of the present invention can be used for other application scenario too. This application scenario for example comprises thief-proof (EAS) system of electronics and the application of the discriminating in the EAS system.
Therefore be understandable that aforesaid embodiment illustrates that by means of example simultaneously the present invention is not limited in the content that above specifically illustrates and describe. On the contrary, scope of the present invention is included in combination and the subgroup of above-described various features and closes both and variation and remodeling, and these combinations and subgroup are closed and change and remodeling can be expected after the description on read by the person skilled in the art, and can not disclose in the prior art.
Claims (143)
1. a radio frequency (RF) responder comprises:
At least one battery connects this battery, to be provided for the electric energy of operation acknowledge device;
At least one antenna disposes this antenna, to receive and backscattering RF inquiry radiation from an inquiry device; And
Integrated circuit (IC), arrange this integrated circuit, contain the code of information with storage, and only use the energy that is provided by battery to provide power to this integrated circuit, change the radiation characteristic of antenna to respond this code, so that information is modulated in this backscattered radiation.
2. according to claim 1 responder also comprises the substrate with at least one IC, and this at least one antenna and at least one battery arrangement are thereon.
3. according to claim 1 or 2 responder, wherein this at least one battery comprises at least one printed anode layer, printing dielectric substrate and printed cathode layer, these layers are with at least one layout at least copline (co-planar) and the copline (co-facial), and wherein this dielectric substrate is arranged between anode layer and the cathode layer.
4. the responder of any claim according to claim 1-3, wherein this substrate is flexible.
5. the responder of any claim according to claim 1-4, wherein this responder has the thickness that is not more than 1 millimeter and is not more than 25 millimeters tortuous radius.
6. the responder of any claim according to claim 1-5, wherein this responder is attached on the object, and wherein in this IC at least a portion of information relevant with this object.
7. the responder of any claim according to claim 1-6, wherein this responder is suitable for being attached one jiao that centers on an object, like this with at least one battery with the first planar orientation, and be second plane different from this first plane with this at least one antenna orientation.
8. the responder of any claim according to claim 1-7, wherein this at least one antenna is from by selecting at least one one pole, tortuous one pole, bipolar, tortuous bipolar, paster, array antenna and its group that forms.
9. the responder of any claim according to claim 1-8, wherein this at least one antenna configuration one of becomes in hyperfrequency (UHF) scope and microwave frequency range reception and backscattering inquiry radiation.
10. the responder of any claim according to claim 1-9, wherein this at least one antenna is arranged to that radiation receives and backscattering to transverse-electromagnetic (TEM).
11. the responder of any claim according to claim 1-10, wherein this at least one antenna comprises distributing point, comprise the radar cross section (RCS) of at least one antenna with this radiation characteristic, and wherein this IC is arranged to change load impedance with the distributing point place at this at least one antenna, so that change this RCS of at least one antenna between two or more different RCS values.
12. responder according to claim 11, wherein this IC comprises the solid-state switch that operationally is connected with the distributing point of this at least one antenna, this switch is arranged to the load impedance of changing between the first impedance and the second impedance, responds the binary expression of this code.
13. according to claim 11 or 12 responder, wherein this IC is arranged at the distributing point of this at least one antenna and introduces the low ohmic load condition, so that with at least one maximization in these two or more RCS values, thereby the communication range of this responder is maximized.
14. the responder of any claim according to claim 11-13 wherein arranges this IC to make the modulation depth maximization, this modulation depth is defined as the ratio between two in these two or more RCS values.
15. responder according to claim 14, wherein this at least one antenna and this IC are arranged to modulation depth and the communication range maximization that jointly makes responder.
16. the responder of any claim according to claim 1-15, wherein the inquiry radiation by this at least one antenna reception has the first energy level, and wherein with this at least one antenna and the inquiry radiation of this IC arrangement with backscattering the second energy level place, this second energy level is greater than 75% of the first energy level.
17. responder according to claim 16, wherein this second energy level is greater than 95% of this first energy level.
18. the responder of any claim according to claim 1-17, the operating protocol that wherein this IC is configured to observe two or more operator schemes of definition.
19. responder according to claim 18, wherein this IC comprises an energy saving module, and this energy saving module arrangement is become a part of operation response pattern of startup and inactive responder, so that reduce energy consumption from this at least one battery.
20. according to claim 18 or 19 responder, wherein this agreement comprises that responder says that at first (transponder-talks-first, TTF) and reader at first say at least one in (reader-talks-first, RTF) agreement.
21. responder according to claim 20, wherein this agreement comprises the RTF agreement, and wherein dispose this IC to analyze the signal by this inquiry radiation carrying, little by little to start this analytic signal of responder unit response, so that reduce energy consumption from this at least one battery, being radiated to the correlation of this responder according to this inquiry of signal evaluation of this analysis, and so that this responder can realize, thereby according to this correlation this inquiry radiation is reacted.
22. according to claim 20 or 21 responder, wherein detect the existence of this inquiry radiation after, this IC is arranged to assess one or more overtime conditions, and makes the predetermined parts of responder this overtime condition of response of stopping using.
23. the responder of any claim according to claim 1-22, wherein this IC comprises Battery Status Indicator, this Battery Status Indicator is configured to indicate validity from the enough electric energy of this at least one battery, and wherein this IC is arranged with, namely ring notifiable enough energy content of battery ineffectivities of determining by this Battery Status Indicator, obtain electric energy from this inquiry radiation.
24. the responder of any claim according to claim 1-23, and comprise at least one sensor wherein is arranged to this IC the indication that is received near the field condition responder from this at least one sensor.
25. the responder of any claim according to claim 1-24, and comprise power conversion circuits, wherein when excess energy can be utilized, with this power conversion circuits arrangement from this inquiry radiation, to obtain this excess energy, and utilize the excess energy obtain, with realize to this IC provide power and in this at least one battery charging at least one.
26. the responder of any claim according to claim 1-25, wherein this IC is arranged with to by the inquiry decoding data of this inquiry radiation carrying with react, these inquiry data comprise the order relevant with transponder operated and one of will be written in the input data of this responder at least.
27. a radio frequency (RF) responder comprises:
A battery connects this battery, to be provided for the electric energy of operation acknowledge device;
An antenna arranges this antenna, to receive and backscattering RF inquiry radiation from an inquiry device;
An integrated circuit (IC), arrange this integrated circuit, contain the code of information with storage, and use the energy that is provided by battery to provide power to this integrated circuit, change the radiation characteristic of antenna to respond this code, so that information is modulated in this backscattered inquiry radiation; And
A substrate, battery, IC and antenna arrangement are on this substrate, and this substrate is suitable for being fixed around one jiao of an object, like this with this battery with the first planar orientation, and be second plane different from this first plane with this antenna orientation.
28. a radio frequency (RF) responder comprises:
An antenna arranges to be received in the inquiry radiation of the first energy level from the inquiry device with this antenna, and should inquire radiation in the second energy level place backscattering greater than this first energy level 75%;
An integrated circuit (IC) stores the code that contains information with this integrated circuit arrangement, and responds the radiation characteristic that this code changes this antenna, so that information is modulated in this backscattered radiation.
29. responder according to claim 28, wherein this second energy level is greater than 95% of this first energy level.
30. according to claim 28 or 29 responder, and comprise the flexible substrate with this antenna He this IC disposed thereon.
31. the responder of any claim according to claim 28-30, wherein this responder has the thickness that is not more than 1 millimeter and is not more than 25 millimeters tortuous radius.
32. the responder of any claim according to claim 28-31, wherein this responder is attached on the object, and wherein in this IC at least a portion of information relevant with this object.
33. responder according to claim 32, comprise the battery for this responder of operation, wherein this responder is fit to be attached around this object one jiao, like this with this battery with the first planar orientation, and be second plane different from this first plane with this antenna orientation.
34. the responder of any claim according to claim 28-33, wherein this antenna is from selecting by containing at least one one pole, tortuous one pole, bipolar, tortuous bipolar, paster, array antenna and its group that forms.
35. the responder of any claim according to claim 28-34, the reception and the backscattering that one of wherein this antenna configuration are become in hyperfrequency (UHF) scope and microwave frequency range should inquiry radiation.
36. the responder of any claim according to claim 28-35, wherein the paired transverse-electromagnetic of this antenna arrangement (TEM) radiation receives and backscattering.
37. the responder of any claim according to claim 28-36, wherein this antenna comprises distributing point, wherein this radiation characteristic comprises a radar cross section (RCS) of this antenna, and wherein this IC is configured to change load impedance at this distributing point place of this antenna, so that change this RCS of this antenna between two or more different RCS values.
38. responder according to claim 37, wherein this IC comprises the solid-state switch that operationally is connected with the distributing point of this antenna, and this switch is configured, and to change the load impedance between the first impedance and the second impedance, responds the binary expression of this code.
39. according to claim 37 or 38 responder, wherein this IC is configured with the distributing point place at this antenna and introduces the low ohmic load condition, so that make at least one maximization in these two or more RCS values, therefore make the communication range maximization of this responder.
40. the responder of any claim according to claim 37-39 wherein arranges this IC, makes the modulation depth maximization, the ratio between this modulation depth is defined as in these two or more RCS values.
41. responder according to claim 40, wherein this antenna and this IC are configured, jointly to make the communication range maximization of modulation depth and responder.
42. the responder of any claim according to claim 28-41, and contain at least one sensor wherein arranges this IC, to be received near the indication of the field condition responder from this at least one sensor.
43. the responder of any claim according to claim 28-42, also comprise power conversion circuits, when excess energy when being obtainable, this power conversion circuits is arranged, from this inquiry radiation, to obtain excess energy, and utilize the excess energy obtain, with realize to this IC provide power and in this battery charging one of at least.
44. the responder of any claim according to claim 28-43, wherein this IC is arranged, with to by the inquiry decoding data of this inquiry radiation carrying with react, these inquiry data comprise the order relevant with transponder operated and one of will be written in the input data of this responder at least.
45. a radio frequency (RF) responder comprises:
An antenna is arranged to this antenna from the inquiry device and receives a RF radiation carrying signal, and responds a RF radiation delivery the 2nd RF radiation;
A battery is coupled this battery to be provided for the electrical power of operation acknowledge device; And
An integrated circuit (IC), and this IC is according to reader-at first say (RTF) protocol operation, and be arranged to the existence that detects a RF radiation, so that the signal that is carried by this first radio-frequency radiation is analyzed, and respond the parts that this analytic signal little by little starts responder, in order to reduce the energy consumption from this battery, in order to evaluate the correlation of a RF radiation and this responder according to the signal of analyzing, and in order to this responder is transmitted according to this correlation to the 2nd RF radiation.
46. responder according to claim 45, wherein this IC is arranged to the correlation of assessing a RF radiation by one of carrying out in the following steps at least, namely detects the form in a RF radiation and determines addressing information in a RF radiation.
47. according to claim 45 or 46 responder, wherein this IC responds the correlation of a RF radiation, be arranged to and one of carry out in the following steps at least, namely refusal is not that RF radiation and the refusal that produces by the RF reader is not the RF radiation that is addressed to responder.
48. the responder of any claim according to claim 45-47, wherein after detecting a RF radiation and existing, this IC is arranged to the one or more overtime conditions of assessment, and responds this overtime condition the predetermined parts of responder are stopped using.
49. the responder of any claim according to claim 45-48, wherein this IC comprises Battery Status Indicator, this Battery Status Indicator is arranged to indication from the validity of the enough electric energy of this at least one battery, and wherein this IC is arranged to like this, namely respond and determined by this Battery Status Indicator, the ineffectivity of energy content of battery report is obtained electric energy from a RF radiation.
50. the responder of any claim according to claim 45-59 also comprises at least one sensor, wherein this IC is arranged to the indication that is received near the local condition responder from this at least one sensor.
51. the responder of any claim according to claim 45-50, also comprise power conversion circuits, wherein when excess energy can be utilized, this power conversion circuits is arranged to from this inquiry radiation and obtains this excess energy, and in the execution following steps one of at least, namely utilize the excess energy of obtaining to provide power to this IC and to this battery charging.
52. the responder of any claim according to claim 45-51, wherein this IC is arranged to by the inquiry decoding data of this inquiry radiation carrying with react, and these inquiry data comprise in the order that relates to transponder operated and the data that will be written to this responder at least one.
53. a method that is used for from radio frequency (RF) responder transmission information comprises:
Be provided for operating the battery of this responder;
The configuration antenna is to carry out backscattering to the RF inquiry radiation from the transmission of inquiry device; And
The radiation characteristic that changes this antenna responds this information, in order to this information is modulated in this backscattering radiation, the energy that wherein is used for the change radiation characteristic is not to derive from this inquiry radiation.
54. 3 method according to claim 5 wherein provides the step of battery to comprise printed battery is applied on the substrate, this substrate has IC disposed thereon and at least one in the antenna.
55. 3 or 54 method according to claim 5, wherein this battery is not more than 1 millimeters thick.
56. 5 method according to claim 5, wherein this battery comprises that thin layer of soft layer opens wide the liquid condition electrochemical cell, this battery comprises insoluble solution negative pole ground floor, do not dissolve the 3rd layer of the anodal second layer and aqueous electrolyte, and the 3rd layer is arranged between these first and second layers, and comprises:
(a) remain the hygroscopy material of open type battery humidity;
(b) electricity for the ionic conductivity that need to obtain activates soluble substance; And
(c) be used for obtaining these the first and second layers water-soluble polymer that needs viscosity that adheres on the 3rd layer.
57. the method for any claim among the 3-56 according to claim 5 wherein provides the step of battery and configuration antenna to comprise battery and antenna arrangement on flexible substrate.
58. 7 method according to claim 5, wherein this responder has the thickness that is not more than 1 millimeter and is not more than 25 millimeters tortuous radius.
59. the method for any claim among the 3-58 comprises responder is fixed on the object according to claim 5, wherein at least a portion of this information is relevant with this object.
60. 9 method according to claim 5, the step of wherein fixing this responder comprise, fix this responder around the bight of object, so that battery is with the first planar orientation, and this at least one antenna is to be different from second planar orientation on this first plane.
61. comprising, the method for any claim among the 3-60 according to claim 5, the step that wherein disposes this antenna provide in one pole, tortuous one pole, bipolar, tortuous bipolar, paster, array antenna and its combination at least one.
62. the method for any claim among the 3-61 according to claim 5 wherein disposes this antenna and comprises the inquiry radiation one of in hyperfrequency (UHF) scope and microwave frequency range is received and backscattering.
63. the method for any claim among the 3-62 wherein connects this antenna and comprises that radiation receives and backscattering to transverse-electromagnetic (TEM) according to claim 5.
64. the method for any claim among the 3-63 according to claim 5 wherein changes this radiation characteristic and comprises that the radar cross section (RCS) to this antenna modulates.
65. the method for 4 any claims wherein changes this radiation characteristic and comprises that the load impedance to this antenna feed point changes, thereby the Antenna/RCS between two or more different RCS values is modulated according to claim 6.
66. 5 method wherein changes this load impedance and comprises the binary expression that responds this code according to claim 6, and the load impedance between the first impedance and the second impedance is switched.
67. 5 or 66 method wherein changes this load impedance and comprises the low ohmic load condition that is introduced in antenna feed point according to claim 6, in order to make at least one maximization in these two or more RCS values, thereby makes the communication range maximization of this responder.
68. the method for any claim among the 5-67 according to claim 6 wherein changes this load impedance and comprises and make the modulation depth maximization that this modulation depth is defined as the ratio between two in these two or more RCS values.
69. 8 method wherein changes this load impedance and comprises the communication range maximization that jointly makes modulation depth and responder according to claim 6.
70. the method for any claim among the 3-69 also comprises: when this battery can not be provided for operating enough electric energy of this responder, obtain electric energy also with the step of the electric energy that obtains for this responder power supply from this inquiry radiation according to claim 5.
71. the method for any claim among the 3-70 according to claim 5, and comprise when excess energy when being obtainable, obtain excess energy from this inquiry radiation, and one of carry out in the following steps at least, namely utilize the excess energy of obtaining to provide power for this IC and to this battery charging.
72. the method for any claim among the 3-71 according to claim 5, wherein this inquiry radiation backscattering is comprised to by the inquiry decoding data of this inquiry radiation carrying with react that these inquiry data comprise the order relevant with transponder operated and one of will be written in the input data of this responder at least.
73. a method that is used for from radio frequency (RF) responder comprises:
Be provided for operating the battery of this responder; The configuration antenna is to carry out backscattering to the RF inquiry radiation from the transmission of inquiry device;
On substrate, wherein this substrate is arranged to and allows this responder to stick around the bight of object battery and antenna arrangement, so that this battery is with the first planar orientation, and this antenna is to be different from second planar orientation on this first plane.
74. a method that is used for from radio frequency (RF) responder transmission information comprises:
The configuration antenna to be being received in the inquiry radiation of the first energy level from the inquiry device, and to carrying out backscattering in the inquiry radiation greater than the second energy level of this first energy level 75%;
Storage comprises the code of this information; And
Respond the radiation characteristic that this code changes this antenna, to this information is modulated in this backscattering radiation.
75. 4 method according to claim 7, wherein this second energy level is greater than 95% of this first energy level.
76. 4 or 75 method wherein disposes this antenna and comprises this antenna arrangement on flexible substrate according to claim 7.
77. the method for any claim among the 4-76 according to claim 7, wherein this responder has the thickness that is not more than 1 millimeter and is not more than 25 millimeters tortuous radius.
78. the method for any claim among the 4-77 also comprises responder is fixed on the object according to claim 7, wherein at least a portion of this information is relevant with this object.
79. 8 method according to claim 7, wherein this responder comprises battery, and wherein fix this responder and comprise that the bight around object fixes this responder, so that this battery is with the first planar orientation, and this antenna is to be different from second planar orientation on this first plane.
80. comprising, the method for any claim among the 4-79 according to claim 7, the step that wherein disposes this antenna provide in one pole, tortuous one pole, bipolar, tortuous bipolar, paster, array antenna and its combination at least one.
81. the method for any claim among the 4-80 according to claim 7 wherein disposes this antenna and comprises the inquiry radiation one of in hyperfrequency (UHF) scope and microwave frequency range is received and backscattering.
82. the method for any claim among the 4-81 wherein disposes this antenna and comprises that radiation receives and backscattering to transverse-electromagnetic (TEM) according to claim 7.
83. the method for any claim among the 4-82 according to claim 7 wherein changes this radiation characteristic and comprises that the radar cross section (RCS) to this antenna modulates.
84. the method for any claim among the 4-83 wherein changes this radiation characteristic and comprises that the load impedance to this antenna feed point changes, thereby the Antenna/RCS between two or more different RCS values is modulated according to claim 7.
85. 4 method wherein changes this load impedance and comprises the binary expression that responds this code according to claim 8, and the load impedance between the first impedance and the second impedance is switched.
86. 4 or 85 method wherein changes this load impedance and comprises the low ohmic load condition that is introduced in antenna feed point according to claim 8, in order to make at least one maximization in these two or more RCS values, thereby makes the communication range maximization of this responder.
87. the method for any claim among the 4-86 according to claim 8 wherein changes this load impedance and comprises and make the modulation depth maximization that this modulation depth is defined as the ratio between two in these two or more RCS values.
88. 7 method wherein changes this load impedance and comprises the communication range maximization that jointly makes modulation depth and responder according to claim 8.
89. the method for any claim among the 4-88 according to claim 7, comprise when excess energy is obtainable, obtain excess energy from this inquiry radiation, and one of carry out in the following steps at least, namely utilize the excess energy of obtaining to provide power for this IC and to this battery charging.
90. the method for any claim among the 4-89 according to claim 7, wherein receive this inquiry radiation, this inquiry radiation comprises by the inquiry decoding data of this inquiry radiation carrying with react, and these inquiry data comprise the order relevant with transponder operated and one of will be written in the input data of this responder at least.
91. a method that is used for from radio frequency (RF) responder comprises:
Substrate is provided;
Antenna applications on this substrate, is suitable for radio frequency (RF) is carried out backscattering;
Integrated circuit (IC) is applied on this substrate, and connects this IC to change the radiation characteristic of antenna, in order to this information is modulated in this backscattering radiation, and
Battery is printed on this substrate, thereby is provided for electric energy into responder power supply.
92. 1 method is according to claim 9 wherein printed this battery and is comprised: use the ink that comprises the battery layers material, in common surface texture and coplanar structure one of at least in one or more battery layers of printing.
93. 2 method according to claim 9, wherein this layer material comprises zinc, manganese dioxide (MnO2) and zinc chloride (ZnCl2) in one of at least.
94. 2 or 93 method is according to claim 9 wherein printed this battery and is comprised:
Form the first battery component, comprising: at substrate surface printing the first electrode layer; Apply electrolyte at this first electrode layer; And partition layer is applied on the electrolyte of this first electrode layer;
Form the second battery component, comprising: the second electrode lay with this first electrode layer opposite polarity is printed on the second substrate; And apply electrolyte at the second electrode lay; And
This first battery component and the second battery component are combined, so that these layers are stacked, and the electrolyte of this second electrode lay and the common Surface Contact of this partition layer.
95. the method for any claim among the 1-94 is according to claim 9 wherein used this antenna and is comprised this antenna is printed on this substrate.
96. the method for any claim among the 1-95 according to claim 9, wherein this IC includes organic polymer IC, uses simultaneously this IC and comprises and utilize printing technology to use this IC.
97. 6 method is according to claim 9 wherein used this antenna and this IC and is printed this battery and comprises and print complete printable responder.
98. the method for any claim among the 1-97 according to claim 9, wherein this substrate is flexible.
99. the method for any claim among the 1-98 according to claim 9, wherein this responder has the thickness that is not more than 1 millimeter and is not more than 25 millimeters tortuous radius.
100. the method for any claim among the 1-99 according to claim 9, wherein this responder is suitable for adhering to around the bight of object, so that this battery is with the first planar orientation, and this antenna is to be different from second planar orientation on the first plane.
101. the method for any claim among the 1-100 according to claim 9, wherein this antenna operates one of in hyperfrequency (UHF) scope and microwave frequency range.
102. one kind is used for reducing the method that consumes from the energy content of battery at radio frequency (RF) responder, wherein this responder is according to reader-at first say (RTF) protocol operation, and the method comprises:
The existence of detection RF radiation in this responder;
To analyzing by the signal of detected RF radiation carrying;
Respond the parts that this analytic signal starts this responder gradually, thereby reduce energy consumption;
Assess the correlation of RF radiation and responder according to this analytic signal; And
According to this correlation, make responder to RF radiation react.
103. 2 method according to claim 10, wherein analytic signal comprises and one of carrying out in the following steps at least, namely detects the form in the RF radiation and determines address information in this RF radiation.
104. 2 or 103 method is according to claim 10 wherein assessed correlation and is comprised and one of carrying out in the following steps at least that namely refusal is not that RF radiation and the refusal that produces by the RF reader is not the RF radiation of this responder of addressing.
105. the method for any claim among the 2-104 comprises one or more overtime condition of assessment, in order to respond the predetermined parts that this analytic signal starts this responder according to claim 10.
106. the method for any claim among the 2-105 according to claim 10 also comprises: when this battery can not be provided for operating enough electric energy of this responder, obtain electric energy and power for this responder with the electric energy that obtains from this radio-frequency radiation.
107. a RF identification (RFID) system comprises:
At least one inquires device, and this inquiry device is arranged to RF inquiry radiation delivery to the RF responder, and responds this inquiry radiation the backscattering-chopped radiation from this RF responder is received the decode;
At least one radio frequency (RF) responder comprises: at least one battery, this battery that is coupled are thought the operation acknowledge device and power are provided;
The inquiry radiation that at least one antenna, this antenna are arranged at least one inquiry device from this receives and backscattering;
And integrated circuit (IC), this integrated circuit is arranged to and stores the code that comprises information, and only by the energy power supply that provides by battery, responds the radiation characteristic that this code changes this antenna, in order to this information is modulated in the backscattering radiation; And
At least one data processing equipment, for the treatment of such data, this data communication device is crossed this at least one inquiry device decoding, from this backscattered modulation radiation.
108. 7 system according to claim 10, wherein this at least one responder comprises substrate, and this substrate has at least one IC disposed thereon, at least one antenna and at least one battery.
109. 8 system according to claim 10, wherein this at least one battery comprises at least one printed anode layer, dielectric substrate and printed cathode layer, is arranged on the substrate top of each other.
110. 8 or 109 system according to claim 10, wherein this substrate is flexible.
111. the system of any claim among the 7-110 according to claim 10, wherein this at least one responder has the thickness that is not more than 1 millimeter and is not more than 25 millimeters tortuous radius.
112. the system of any claim among the 7-111 according to claim 10, wherein this at least one responder is attached on the object, and at least a portion of information is relevant with this object in this IC simultaneously.
113. 2 system according to claim 11, wherein this at least one responder is suitable for fixing around the bight of object, so that this at least one battery is with the first planar orientation, and this at least one antenna is to be different from second planar orientation on this first plane.
114. the system of any claim among the 7-113 according to claim 10, wherein this at least one antenna is selected from following group, and this group comprises in one pole, tortuous one pole, bipolar, tortuous bipolar, paster, array antenna and its combination at least one.
115. the system of any claim among the 7-114 according to claim 10, wherein this at least one antenna is arranged to the inquiry radiation one of in hyperfrequency (UHF) scope and microwave frequency range is received and backscattering.
116. the system of any claim among the 7-115 according to claim 10, wherein the paired transverse-electromagnetic of this at least one antenna arrangement (TEM) radiation receives and backscattering.
117. the system of any claim among the 7-116 according to claim 10, wherein this at least one antenna comprises distributing point, and wherein this radiation characteristic comprises the radar cross section (RCS) of at least one antenna, simultaneously wherein the distributing point that is arranged at this at least one antenna of this IC changes load impedance, thereby changes the RCS of the antenna between two or more different RCS values.
118. 7 system according to claim 11, wherein this IC comprises operationally the solid-state switch with the distributing point coupling of this at least one antenna, this switch is arranged to the binary expression of this code of response, and the load impedance between the first impedance and the second impedance is switched.
119. 7 or 118 system according to claim 11, wherein this IC is arranged at the distributing point of this at least one antenna and introduces the low ohmic load condition, in order to make at least one maximization in these two or more RCS values, thereby make the communication range maximization of this at least one responder.
120. the system of any claim among the 7-119 according to claim 11, wherein this IC is arranged to and makes the modulation depth maximization, and this modulation depth is defined as the ratio between two in these two or more RCS values.
121. 0 system according to claim 12, wherein this at least one antenna and this IC are arranged to the communication range maximization that jointly makes modulation depth and this at least one responder.
122. the system of any claim among the 7-121 according to claim 10, wherein the inquiry radiation by this at least one antenna reception has the first energy level, and wherein this at least one antenna and this IC are arranged to backscattering is carried out in the inquiry radiation greater than the second energy level of the first energy level 75%.
123. 2 system according to claim 12, wherein this second energy level is greater than 95% of this first energy level.
124. the system of any claim among the 7-123 according to claim 10, wherein this at least one responder is arranged to and meets the operating protocol that limits two or more operator schemes.
125. 4 system according to claim 12, wherein this IC comprises the energy saving module, and this energy saving module arrangement becomes the operation response pattern to start and the part of inactive system, in order to reduce the energy consumption from this at least one battery.
126. 5 system according to claim 12, wherein this agreement comprises in (RTF) agreement at least one of system-at first say (TTF) and reader-at first say.
127. 6 system according to claim 12, wherein this agreement comprises the RTF agreement, and wherein this IC is arranged to being analyzed by the signal of this inquiry radiation carrying, and respond this analytic signal and little by little start this at least one responder, in order to reduce the energy consumption from this at least one battery, evaluating the correlation of this inquiry radiation and this at least one responder according to analytic signal, and this at least one responder is reacted to this inquiry radiation according to this correlation.
128. 6 or 127 system according to claim 12, wherein after detecting this inquiry radiation and existing, this IC arranges to assess one or more overtime conditions, and to respond this overtime condition the predetermined parts of this at least one responder is stopped using.
129. the system of any claim among the 7-128 according to claim 10, wherein this IC comprises Battery Status Indicator, this Battery Status Indicator is arranged to indication from the validity of the enough electric energy of this at least one battery, this IC is arranged to so simultaneously, the ineffectivity that enough energy contents of battery that i.e. response is determined by this Battery Status Indicator are reported is obtained electric energy from this inquiry radiation.
130. the system of any claim among the 7-129 according to claim 10, wherein this at least one responder comprises sensor, and this sensor arrangement becomes to survey near the local conditional this at least one responder, and this local conditional is indicated to this IC.
131. antenna that is used for from radio frequency (RF) responder transmission information, wherein this antenna is arranged to the RF in the first energy level that receives from the inquiry device and inquires radiation, with in this inquiry radiation backscattering greater than the second energy level of this first energy level 75%, and wherein this antenna has variable radiation characteristic, and this variable radiation characteristic can be by this responder control, to this information is modulated in this backscattering radiation.
132. 1 antenna according to claim 13, wherein this second energy level is greater than 95% of this first energy level.
133. 1 or 132 antenna according to claim 13, wherein this antenna is selected from following group, and this group comprises in one pole, tortuous one pole, bipolar, tortuous bipolar, paster, array antenna and its combination at least one.
134. the antenna of 1-133 according to claim 13, wherein this antenna is arranged to the inquiry radiation one of in hyperfrequency (UHF) scope and microwave frequency range is received and backscattering.
135. the antenna of any claim among the 1-134 according to claim 13, wherein the paired transverse-electromagnetic of this antenna arrangement (TEM) radiation receives and backscattering.
136. the antenna of any claim among the 1-135 according to claim 13, wherein this antenna comprises distributing point, and this radiation characteristic comprises the radar cross section (RCS) of antenna, and wherein this antenna can be controlled, modulate this information in response to the variation of this antenna feed point load impedance, thereby change the RCS between two or more different RCS values.
137. 6 antenna according to claim 13, wherein this antenna is arranged to the low ohmic load condition that response acts on this antenna feed point, so that at least one maximization in these two or more RCS values, thereby the communication range of this antenna is maximized.
138. 6 or 137 antenna according to claim 13, wherein this antenna is arranged to and makes the modulation depth maximization, and this modulation depth is defined as the ratio between two in these two or more RCS values.
139. 8 antenna according to claim 13, wherein this antenna is arranged to the communication range maximization that jointly makes modulation depth and antenna.
140. one kind is used for reducing the energy saving circuit that consumes from the energy content of battery at radio frequency (RF) responder, comprises:
State machine, this state machine is arranged to the existence that detects in the RF of this responder radiation, so that the signal that is carried by the radio-frequency radiation that detects is analyzed, and respond this analytic signal and little by little start the responder parts, in order to reduce energy consumption, and according to this radio-frequency radiation of radio signal assessment of analyzing and the correlation of this responder, according to this correlation this responder is reacted to this radio-frequency radiation simultaneously; And
One or more time-out circuits, this circuit arrangement become the overtime condition of assessment, in order to respond the predetermined parts that this analytic signal starts this responder.
141. 0 circuit according to claim 14, wherein this state machine is arranged to by one of carrying out in the following steps at least and evaluates correlation, namely detects in this RF radiation form and determines addressing information in this RF radiation.
142. 0 or 141 circuit according to claim 14, wherein state machine one of is arranged to carry out in the following steps at least, and namely refusal is not that RF radiation and the refusal that produces by the RF reader is not the RF radiation of this responder of addressing.
143. a radio frequency (RF) responder comprises:
At least battery, this battery that is coupled is to provide power to be used for the operation acknowledge device;
At least one antenna, this antenna are arranged to the RF inquiry radiation from the inquiry device are received and backscattering; And
Integrated circuit (IC), this integrated circuit is arranged to and stores the code that comprises information, and by the energy that provides by battery with from one of at least power supply in the excess energy of this inquiry radiation, respond the radiation characteristic that this code changes antenna, in order to the information in this backscattering radiation is modulated.
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US58414104P | 2004-07-01 | 2004-07-01 | |
| US60/584,141 | 2004-07-01 | ||
| US60/602,342 | 2004-08-18 | ||
| US60/608,118 | 2004-09-09 | ||
| US60/614,552 | 2004-10-01 | ||
| US60/649,561 | 2005-02-04 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101036153A true CN101036153A (en) | 2007-09-12 |
Family
ID=38731734
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200580029414 Pending CN101036153A (en) | 2004-07-01 | 2005-06-30 | Battery-assisted backscatter RFID transponder |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN101036153A (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102460479A (en) * | 2009-05-08 | 2012-05-16 | 康芬戴斯有限公司 | RFID transponder and method for producing the same |
| CN104682988A (en) * | 2013-11-28 | 2015-06-03 | 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院 | Wireless communication equipment and wireless communication method |
| CN105722456A (en) * | 2013-09-16 | 2016-06-29 | 威里利生命科学有限责任公司 | Device with dual power sources |
| CN105762518A (en) * | 2010-06-21 | 2016-07-13 | 诺瓦特安斯集团有限公司 | Antenna for use in THz transceivers |
| CN109154999A (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2019-01-04 | 西门子股份公司 | Answering machine, especially RFID answering machine and operation answering machine, the method for especially RFID answering machine |
| CN111147109A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-05-12 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Wireless energy-carrying communication system with scattering communication and voltage monitoring functions |
| US11133602B2 (en) | 2019-01-25 | 2021-09-28 | Corning Incorporated | Antenna stack |
| CN113892213A (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2022-01-04 | 斑马技术公司 | Apparatus, system, and method associated with an RFID tag reader assembly for use in a bar code reader |
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2005
- 2005-06-30 CN CN 200580029414 patent/CN101036153A/en active Pending
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102460479A (en) * | 2009-05-08 | 2012-05-16 | 康芬戴斯有限公司 | RFID transponder and method for producing the same |
| CN102460479B (en) * | 2009-05-08 | 2016-08-03 | 康芬戴斯有限公司 | RFID transponder and method for producing the same |
| CN105762518A (en) * | 2010-06-21 | 2016-07-13 | 诺瓦特安斯集团有限公司 | Antenna for use in THz transceivers |
| CN105722456A (en) * | 2013-09-16 | 2016-06-29 | 威里利生命科学有限责任公司 | Device with dual power sources |
| CN104682988A (en) * | 2013-11-28 | 2015-06-03 | 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院 | Wireless communication equipment and wireless communication method |
| CN104682988B (en) * | 2013-11-28 | 2018-10-30 | 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院 | Wireless telecom equipment and wireless communications method |
| CN109154999A (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2019-01-04 | 西门子股份公司 | Answering machine, especially RFID answering machine and operation answering machine, the method for especially RFID answering machine |
| CN109154999B (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2020-07-17 | 西门子股份公司 | Transponder, in particular RFID transponder, and method for operating a transponder, in particular an RFID transponder |
| US11133602B2 (en) | 2019-01-25 | 2021-09-28 | Corning Incorporated | Antenna stack |
| CN113892213A (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2022-01-04 | 斑马技术公司 | Apparatus, system, and method associated with an RFID tag reader assembly for use in a bar code reader |
| CN113892213B (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2022-03-22 | 斑马技术公司 | Apparatus, system, and method associated with an RFID tag reader assembly for use in a bar code reader |
| CN111147109A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-05-12 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Wireless energy-carrying communication system with scattering communication and voltage monitoring functions |
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Correction item: Applicant address Correct: Peta Tikva Israel False: Italy Peta Tikva Number: 37 Page: The title page Volume: 23 Correction item: Applicant address Correct: Peta Tikva Israel False: Italy Peta Tikva Number: 37 Page: 953 Volume: 23 |
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