CN101035059A - Method for improving the classification searching speed of the three-folded content addressable memory message - Google Patents
Method for improving the classification searching speed of the three-folded content addressable memory message Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for raising ternary content-addressable memory (TCAM) -based message classifying and searching rate, applied to implement TCAM-based access control list (ACL) matching on network equipment, and characterized in that: it uses a method of trading space for time to raise TCAM message classifying and searching rate, concretely able to be implemented by keyword buffering technique, parallel searching technique and/or logic table splitting technique. And the method can largely raise the TCAM' rate of searching ACL/QoS, meeting the requirements for line rate of message classifying and multi-searching in high speed network. And the method is simple, reliable, flexible and easy to apply.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of the computer network, relate in particular to and use TCAM (Ternary ContentAddressable Memory, Ternary Content Addressable Memory) realizes ACL/QoS (Access ControlList/Quality of Service, Access Control List (ACL)/service quality) technology of aspect, be mainly used in router, switch, fire compartment wall, the network equipments such as intruding detection system.
Background technology
In the network equipment now, all need to realize ACL/QoS mostly, now give an example with ACL, traditional ACL is made of five-tuple: source IP address, purpose IP address, source port number, destination slogan, agreement.In the general realization, prefix matching is used in the IP address, and agreement is used accurately coupling, and port is scope of application coupling then.Realize that at present ACL mainly contains two kinds of approach, a kind of software that is to use realizes that most typical is exactly RFC (Recursive Flow Classification, recursive-flow category) algorithm; Another kind just is to use hardware to realize that most typical is exactly TCAM.Certainly the hardware realization is fast more a lot of than software certainly, especially in some express networks, generally all uses hardware to quicken.
TCAM is a kind of special-purpose Ternary Content Addressable Memory, can carry out fast a large amount of parallel searches.In the time of search, clauses and subclauses all in the memory compare with search key simultaneously, and Search Results is exactly the physical address of occurrence.When carrying out entries match, each position of clauses and subclauses can be 0,1, three kinds of states of x, if x, this position does not participate in comparison so, and acquiescence is success, otherwise the corresponding positions of keyword and clauses and subclauses compares, if identical then successfully otherwise fail.In comparison procedure, if certain position does not match, this entries match failure so; If all mate all positions, this entries match success so.Three step responses of TCAM make it be well suited for doing the ACL/QoS rule match.
In the network equipment now, the business of supporting is also more and more, Port ACL (port ACL) is typically arranged, uRPF (Unicast Reverse Path Forwarding, reversal path of unicast is transmitted), RouteMap (tactful route)), NAT (Network Address Translation, network address translation), QoS (Quality of Service, service quality) etc., all related to ACL in these business, so a packet often needs to carry out repeatedly acl lookup, so just very high requirement has been proposed seek rate, especially in express network.Now for example with the 10G network, under the 10G flow, the little packet rate of 64 bytes approximately is 16MPPS, and the prestissimo of present TCAM single look-up under 576bit is 33.25MSPS, but because the hardware designs factor is searched sudden and other influence, actual prestissimo can only reach 25MSPS, the linear speed that can only finish an ACL is searched like this, carries out repeatedly acl lookup if desired, does not reach linear speed so certainly.In addition for network processing unit, generally all be to link to each other with TCAM by the LA-1 interface, LA-1 is a kind of and interface QDR SRAM compatibility, and the peak bandwidth under 250MHZ is 2GBPS at present, but the normal performance of SRAM is approximately about 70% of peak value, is 1.4GBPS.Like this under 16MPPS, each packet allows the byte number of input under linear speed be 87, and when carrying out 576bit when searching, needing the key length of input is 76 bytes, according to this numerical value, so also can only satisfy the linear speed of an ACL and search.
Use multi-disc TCAM to shunt the technology of searching during application number is 200510011511, publication number is 1674557 Chinese patent application " based on the parallel I P bag grader and the method for the solution commensurate in scope of TCAM " and quickened searching of TCAM, though it is fine on this theoretical method, but the complexity of implementing, the Content Management of the renewal complexity of control plane and TCAM is also very complicated simultaneously, still not too is suitable for for realizing the reliable network equipment of simple and stable.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention be to provide a kind of raising TCAM that is applicable to the network equipment realize the ACL/QoS seek rate simple, reliable, flexibly, the method easily implemented.
For realizing above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, the invention provides a kind of method of the TCAM of raising message classification seek rate, be applicable to the coupling that on the network equipment, realizes based on the access control list ACL of TCAM, wherein, usage space exchanges time method for and improves TCAM message classification searching speed, specifically can be by buffer memory keyword technology, parallel search technology and/or logic submeter technology realizes.
Wherein, improve TCAM message classification searching speed by buffer memory keyword technology, the keyword of importing during specifically by cache lookup is realized.
Described method, wherein, the step of the keyword of importing during described cache lookup further realizes or realizes by a TCAM transducer is set between network processing unit and TCAM device by importing a special look-up command, wherein be provided with the keyword buffer memory parts that are used for the buffer memory keyword in described TCAM transducer.
Described method, wherein, described TCAM transducer uses ASIC/FPGA (ApplicationSpecific Integrated Circuit/Field Programmable Gate Array, application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC)/field programmable gate array) to realize, is provided with in it:
LA-1 (Look Aside, the side is looked) interface is used to connect network processing unit;
Context (thread) manager is used for order of automatic network processor in the future and command queue and the data queue that data are put into corresponding context;
Scheduler, the command queue and the result queue that are used for dispatching context;
The command analysis device is used to discern the order of current execution and operates accordingly according to different orders;
Command execute unit is used for the command format with the command conversion city TCAM device of current needs execution;
The ASIC/FPGA interface is used for being connected with TCAM, carries out order is sent to TCAM;
The result obtains parts, is used to obtain the execution result of TCAM and gives scheduler with it.
Described method, wherein, described buffer memory by TCAM transducer realization keyword further comprises:
Step 401, order that network processing unit sends and data arrive the context manager;
Step 402, described context manager will be ordered and data are put into corresponding command queue and data queue;
Step 403, the described command queue of scheduler schedules, and when fill order, command information passed to the command analysis device;
Step 404, the command analysis device is discerned the order of current execution, judges when command information during for search command again the keyword of taking-up respective cache from keyword buffer memory device, and, transfer to the search command parts again and carry out according to the Key Word Adapted ACL field of described buffer memory;
Step 405, the command conversion that command execute unit will be carried out becomes the command format of TCAM device, and by the ASIC/FPGA interface order is sent to the TCAM execution;
Step 406 after TCAM executes order, as is returned execution result, and then the result obtains parts and obtains described execution result and transfer to scheduler handle;
Step 407, scheduler are sent into described execution result in the result queue of context and are obtained for network processing unit.
Described method, wherein, described step 404 further comprises when the order of the current execution of judgement is not again search command, judges further whether the order of current execution is search command; In this way, then send the command execution request to command execute unit, and the value of the keyword of corresponding context in the trasaction key buffer memory device; As not, then directly transfer to command execute unit and carry out.
The present invention further provides the parallel technology of searching and improved TCAM message classification searching speed, wherein, specifically by using parallel the searching of multi-disc TCAM to realize.
Described method, wherein, the described parallel multi-disc TCAM that searches, the content of every storage is just the same.
The present invention further provides logic submeter technology and improved TCAM message classification searching speed, wherein, specifically by the ACL table logically is divided into a plurality of tables, each clauses and subclauses uses a plurality of ACL fields to use for a plurality of ACL sublists respectively, a plurality of different ACL fields is set in keyword when searching realizes once checking in a plurality of results.
Described method, wherein, the content of the described a plurality of table storages that are divided in logic can identical or complete difference.
Above-mentioned three kinds of technology all are to adopt the space to exchange time method for, and they can use separately, also can combination in any use, and can use very flexibly.
Adopt method of the present invention can improve the seek rate that TCAM realizes ACL/QoS greatly, satisfy and under express network, realize the linear speed requirement that message classification is repeatedly searched.Method practicality of the present invention is very strong, and alternative mode is also a lot, and flexibility is also very good.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that reduces repeatedly search key input number;
Fig. 2 is the TCAM entry format of once searching a plurality of ACL results;
Fig. 3 is that the TCAM converter reference is realized schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is multi-disc TCAM shunting principle figure;
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of once searching a plurality of ACL results.
Embodiment
Be described in further detail below in conjunction with the enforcement of accompanying drawing technical scheme.
Length imported in the keyword that one embodiment of the invention are used Key Capture (keyword seizure) to reduce and repeatedly searched.Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that reduces repeatedly search key input number.As Fig. 1, when a packets need is carried out repeatedly acl lookup, except the ACL extra, other field all is the same, so can adopt a kind of Key Capture mechanism to make searching of back only need input to get final product for ACL number, whole keywords all not imported one time and do not need to search all at every turn.This is a kind of Cache (buffering) technology.Some TCAM equipment is supported special look-up command, the characteristics of order are as follows: the key of preceding look-up command use is carried out the part replacement search then, the use prerequisite of noting this order be preceding once must be look-up command, we call Key Capture to this function, and it is a kind of cache technology.If TCAM equipment is supported this similar command, so just can use this order to realize this function, if do not support, can use a TCAM transducer to realize so, referring to Fig. 3.
Fig. 3 is that the TCAM converter reference is realized schematic diagram.As shown in Figure 3, this device can use ASIC/FPGA (Application Specific Integrated Circuit/Field Programmable GateArray, application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC)/field programmable gate array) realizes, the one end uses LA-1 (LookAside, the side is looked) interface 2 connection network processing units 1, the other end uses the special-purpose ASIC/FPGA interface 8 the same with TCAM to connect TCAM equipment 10.TCAM transducer 11 is inner main Key Cache parts (keyword buffer memory parts) 9, and each context of this parts buffer memory (thread) searches the keyword of use for the last time.Because LA-1 interface 2 bandwidth that network processing unit 1 uses are very low and processor all is to support multi-thread programming, so this device inside has a context manager 3, each context represents a visitor (also being thread).When network processing unit 1 when TCAM transducer 11 sends look-up command, order and data at first arrive context manager 3, put into 13 li of (the CMD FIFO) 12 of command queue of corresponding context and data queues (DAT FIFO) by it then.At this moment scheduler (Scheduler) 4 can be dispatched the command queue among all context, order of every scheduled for executing will be passed to command analysis device (CMD Parser) 5 to command information, what this command analysis device can be discerned current execution is any order: if ReSearch (search again) order 14, arrive so and take out the key (keyword) of buffer memory among the Key Cache 9 corresponding context, revise high 16/8 place value (ACL field) then and transfer to Search order parts again and carry out; If Search (search) order 15 should order at first send the command execution request to command execute unit (Execute CMD) 7 so, upgrade the key value of corresponding context among the Key Cache then at once; If other order is so directly transferred to command execute unit 7 and is carried out.Command execute unit 7 can become the current command conversion that need carry out the command format of concrete TCAM device, by special ASIC/FPGA interface 8 order is sent to TCAM 10 then and carries out.After TCAM 10 executes order, if order has return results, the result obtains parts (Execute Result) 6 and can get access to execution result so, transferring to scheduler 4 then handles, scheduler can be delivered to the result in the result queue (RES FIFO) 16 of context, and at this moment network processing unit 1 just can obtain Query Result among the corresponding context from TCAM transducer 11.
Thereby the major function of this TCAM transducer is exactly the function of existing TCAM device to be expanded can support more User Defined function in fact.This TCAM transducer is a very general framework, and it is not limited in function recited above, and the user can increase other function according to the needs of oneself.
Another embodiment of the present invention is used multi-disc TCAM to walk abreast and is searched.When the seek rate of a slice TCAM can't meet the demands, can use multi-disc TCAM scheme, at this moment every TCAM can walk abreast and carry out different acl lookups, thereby improves seek rate, and this is a kind of technology that increases degree of parallelism.Referring to Fig. 4, use two TCAM (TCAM1 and TCAM2) to shunt here, the content of every TCAM storage is just the same, and design philosophy is to increase degree of parallelism.Because the content of every TCAM storage is just the same, so the result who searches does not need to change, can directly use, can in any one TCAM, search for any one ACL number in addition.When packet arrives, suppose to carry out 4 acl lookups, can search mean allocation in each TCAM with these 4 times so, each TCAM only need carry out searching for 2 times like this.Utilize the advantage of multi-disc TCAM shunting to be that performance doubles, can search flexibly, implement fairly simple.But waste the TCAM space.
Another embodiment of the present invention uses MultiSearch (repeatedly searching) once to search a plurality of ACL results, can improve single look-up speed.A lot of TCAM products are all supported the MultiSearch function, and it can use same key once to check in two results in two different tables.Logic submeter technology among this embodiment utilizes the MultiSearch function of TCAM to realize, can improve the speed of single look-up.The present invention uses a kind of logic submeter technology can be so that use ACL number two different key to check in two results in same ACL table.The method that realizes is to use two ACL fields in the TCAM entry format, the ACL table logically is divided into two tables in the left side and the right, in the rule of left side table second ACL number for " * " promptly second do not participate in coupling ACL number, do not participate in mating for first ACL number for " * " is for first ACL number in the rule of the right table.In key, write when searching two different ACL numbers, will look in the ACL table of on the left side for first ACL number, second ACL number will be on the right the ACL table in look into, so just can once check in two ACL results, be respectively first result (1st Result) and second result (2nd Result).Fig. 2 is the TCAM entry format of once searching a plurality of ACL results.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of once searching a plurality of ACL results.As Fig. 5, can store identical content in two logic submeters, the advantage of doing like this is: any one ACL number can any one the table in search, promptly can carry out combination in any and search, performance is very high.Notice that second lookup result need deduct N/2; Shortcoming is: the table space that can only use half.Also can be in two logic submeters according to professional store different contents, such as the basic Port/uRPF ACL of table 0 storage, table 1 is stored NAT, QoS ACL etc.The advantage of this way is: whole table space can utilize; Shortcoming: can only carry out limited combination and search, performance is not very high.Similarly, the logic submeter can be a plurality of tables that are divided into more than two, and each clauses and subclauses uses a plurality of ACL fields to use for a plurality of ACL sublists respectively, a plurality of different ACL fields is set in keyword when searching realizes once checking in a plurality of results.
Three embodiment of the present invention improve the seek rate that TCAM realizes message classification from three different aspects, they can use separately, also can combination in any use.The essential technical characterictic of three embodiment all is to use the space to exchange the time for: first embodiment uses the cache technology, and it gets up the key buffer memory (space), thereby can reduce input time, improves seek rate (time); Second embodiment adopts the method that increases degree of parallelism, and it uses multi-disc TCAM (space) to search simultaneously, thereby improves seek rate (time); The 3rd embodiment uses logic submeter technology, and it is provided with 2 ACL fields (space) in key, once checks in 2 results, thereby improves seek rate (time).
Beneficial effect of the present invention is to adopt the method for the invention can improve the seek rate that TCAM realizes ACL/QoS greatly, satisfies and realize the linear speed requirement that message classification is repeatedly searched under express network.Method practicality of the present invention is very strong, and alternative mode is also a lot, and flexibility is also very good.
Certainly; the present invention also can have other various embodiments; under the situation that does not deviate from spirit of the present invention and essence thereof; those of ordinary skill in the art work as can make various corresponding changes and distortion according to the present invention, but these corresponding changes and distortion all should belong to the protection range of the appended claim of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of method that improves the three-folded content addressable memory message classification seek rate, be applicable to the coupling that on the network equipment, realizes based on the access control list ACL of Ternary Content Addressable Memory, it is characterized in that, usage space exchanges time method for and improves the three-folded content addressable memory message classification searching speed, specifically by buffer memory keyword technology, parallel search technology and/or logic submeter technology realizes.
2, method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the step of the keyword of importing when described buffer memory keyword technology comprises cache lookup, specifically realize or realize, wherein in described Ternary Content Addressable Memory transducer, be provided with the keyword buffer memory parts that are used for the buffer memory keyword by a Ternary Content Addressable Memory transducer is set between network processing unit and Ternary Content Addressable Memory device by importing a special look-up command.
3, method according to claim 2 is characterized in that, described Ternary Content Addressable Memory transducer uses application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC)/field programmable gate array to realize, is provided with in it:
LA-1 is other to look interface, is used to connect network processing unit;
Thread manager is used for order of automatic network processor in the future and command queue and the data queue that data are put into its respective thread;
Scheduler is used for the command queue and the result queue of scheduling thread;
The command analysis device is used to discern the order of current execution and operates accordingly according to different orders;
Command execute unit is used for the command conversion that current needs are carried out is become the command format of Ternary Content Addressable Memory device;
Application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC)/field programmable gate array interface is used for being connected with Ternary Content Addressable Memory, carries out order is sent to Ternary Content Addressable Memory;
The result obtains parts, is used to obtain the execution result of Ternary Content Addressable Memory and gives scheduler with it.
4, method according to claim 3 is characterized in that, described buffer memory by Ternary Content Addressable Memory transducer realization keyword further comprises:
Step 401, order that network processing unit sends and data arrive thread manager;
Step 402, described thread manager will be ordered and data are put into corresponding command queue and data queue;
Step 403, the described command queue of scheduler schedules, and when fill order, command information passed to the command analysis device;
Step 404, the command analysis device is discerned the order of current execution, judges when command information during for search command again the keyword of taking-up respective cache from keyword buffer memory device, and, transfer to the search command parts again and carry out according to the Key Word Adapted ACL field of described buffer memory;
Step 405, the command conversion that command execute unit will be carried out becomes the command format of Ternary Content Addressable Memory device, and by application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC)/field programmable gate array interface order is sent to the Ternary Content Addressable Memory execution;
Step 406 after Ternary Content Addressable Memory executes order, as is returned execution result, and then the result obtains parts and obtains described execution result and transfer to scheduler handle;
Step 407, scheduler are sent into described execution result in the result queue of thread and are obtained for network processing unit.
5, method according to claim 4 is characterized in that, described step 404 further comprises when the order of the current execution of judgement is not again search command, judges further whether the order of current execution is search command; In this way, then send the command execution request to command execute unit, and the value of the keyword of its respective thread in the trasaction key buffer memory device; As not, then directly transfer to the step that command execute unit is carried out.
6, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the described parallel technology of searching is specifically by using parallel the searching of multi-disc Ternary Content Addressable Memory to realize.
According to right 6 described methods, it is characterized in that 7, the content of every storage in the described parallel multi-disc Ternary Content Addressable Memory of searching is the same.
8, method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described logic submeter technology is specifically by logically being divided into a plurality of tables with the ACL table, each clauses and subclauses uses a plurality of ACL fields to use for a plurality of ACL sublists respectively, a plurality of different ACL fields is set in keyword when searching realizes once checking in a plurality of results.
According to right 8 described methods, it is characterized in that 9, the content of the described a plurality of table storages that are divided in logic can identical or complete difference.
10, according to right 1 described method, it is characterized in that, described buffer memory keyword technology, parallel search technology and/or logic submeter technology can be used separately, also can combination in any make to be used for improving seek rate.
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| WO2009070994A1 (en) * | 2007-11-30 | 2009-06-11 | Hangzhou H3C Technologies Co., Ltd. | A method and device for matching message rule |
| CN101895479A (en) * | 2010-08-17 | 2010-11-24 | 上海交通大学 | System for increasing speed of route lookup |
| CN102402611A (en) * | 2011-12-12 | 2012-04-04 | 盛科网络（苏州）有限公司 | Method for quickly searching keywords and reading lists by using ternary content addressable memory (TCAM) |
| US8527694B2 (en) | 2010-06-11 | 2013-09-03 | Beijing Star-Net Ruijie Networks Co., Ltd. | Method and apparatus for updating table entries of a ternary content addressable memory |
| WO2014201902A1 (en) * | 2013-06-19 | 2014-12-24 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Tcam-based table query processing method and apparatus |
| CN104718731A (en) * | 2012-06-27 | 2015-06-17 | 华为技术有限公司 | Ternary content-addressable memory assisted packet classification |
| CN105591914A (en) * | 2014-10-21 | 2016-05-18 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Openflow flow table look-up method and device |
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| CN109344222A (en) * | 2018-09-12 | 2019-02-15 | 盛科网络（苏州）有限公司 | A kind of lookup of high bandwidth TCAM and storage method and device |
| CN110808963A (en) * | 2019-10-17 | 2020-02-18 | 新华三信息安全技术有限公司 | Security policy rule matching method and device and firewall equipment |
| CN113392039A (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2021-09-14 | 新华三信息安全技术有限公司 | Data storage and search method and device |
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| WO2009070994A1 (en) * | 2007-11-30 | 2009-06-11 | Hangzhou H3C Technologies Co., Ltd. | A method and device for matching message rule |
| US8527694B2 (en) | 2010-06-11 | 2013-09-03 | Beijing Star-Net Ruijie Networks Co., Ltd. | Method and apparatus for updating table entries of a ternary content addressable memory |
| CN101895479A (en) * | 2010-08-17 | 2010-11-24 | 上海交通大学 | System for increasing speed of route lookup |
| CN101895479B (en) * | 2010-08-17 | 2013-03-27 | 上海交通大学 | System for increasing speed of route lookup |
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| CN103475584B (en) * | 2012-06-07 | 2017-08-01 | 南京中兴软件有限责任公司 | Three-state content addressing memory (TCAM) querying method and device |
| CN104718731B (en) * | 2012-06-27 | 2017-08-29 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method, device and the network router for the bag classification that ternary content addressable internal memory is assisted |
| CN104718731A (en) * | 2012-06-27 | 2015-06-17 | 华为技术有限公司 | Ternary content-addressable memory assisted packet classification |
| WO2014201902A1 (en) * | 2013-06-19 | 2014-12-24 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Tcam-based table query processing method and apparatus |
| CN105591914A (en) * | 2014-10-21 | 2016-05-18 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Openflow flow table look-up method and device |
| CN105591914B (en) * | 2014-10-21 | 2020-07-03 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Openflow flow table lookup method and device |
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