CN101030052B - Liquid developer and image forming apparatus - Google Patents

Liquid developer and image forming apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101030052B
CN101030052B CN2007100799480A CN200710079948A CN101030052B CN 101030052 B CN101030052 B CN 101030052B CN 2007100799480 A CN2007100799480 A CN 2007100799480A CN 200710079948 A CN200710079948 A CN 200710079948A CN 101030052 B CN101030052 B CN 101030052B
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oil
liquid
liquid developer
ester
fatty
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CN101030052A (en
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秋冈宏治
井熊健
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Seiko Epson Corp
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Seiko Epson Corp
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts

Abstract

The present invention provides a liquid developer which includes toner particles formed of a resin material and a coloring agent, and an insulation liquid in which the toner particles are dispersed, the insulation liquid containing ester-exchange oil obtained by an ester-exchange reaction of soybean oil and at least one of semidrying oil and nondrying oil. It is preferred that the insulation liquid further contains fatty acid monoester. Further, it is preferred that the amount of the fatty acid monoester contained in the insulation liquid is in the range of 5 to 50 wt%.

Description

Liquid developer and image forming apparatus
Technical field
The present invention relates to liquid developer and image forming apparatus.
Background technology
Known have two types be used to develop and be formed on the developer of the electrostatic latent image on the latent image carrier.One type developer is known as dry toner, and it forms by comprising such as the colorant of pigment etc. and the material of resin glue, and such dry toner uses under its dry status.
The toner of another kind of type is known as liquid developer, and it obtains (example of such liquid toner is disclosed in JP-A-7-152256) by toner particle is suspended in the carrier liquid with electrical insulating property.
In the developing method that uses dry toner, because use the solid state q-switched toner, so with regard to its operability, have advantage.But on the other hand, the method comprises following problem: toner powder may cause the detrimental effect to human body; Disseminating of toner powder can cause pollution; And toner particle may lump in box.
In addition, in such dry toner, because the reunion of toner particle may take place in the production run of toner particle, so be difficult to obtain all to have separately the toner particle of enough little diameter.This means to be difficult to form and have high-resolution toner image.
In addition, also there are the following problems: when the size of toner particle is made into hour, the problem that is caused by the dry toner of powder type described above becomes more serious.
On the other hand, in the developing method that uses liquid developer, because the reunion of the toner particle in the liquid developer prevented effectively, thus very fine toner particle can be used, and can use the have low softening point resin glue of (low softening temperature).
Therefore, use the method for liquid developer to have following advantage: good reproduction, good color tone reappearance and the good color reproducibility of the image that constitutes by fine rule.In addition, the method for using liquid developer also is preferred as the method that is used for forming at a high speed image.
But because the iknsulating liquid that is used for traditional liquid developer is mainly by the hydrocarbon composition based on oil, so there are following misgivings, if promptly this iknsulating liquid flows out image forming apparatus, then it may cause adverse effect to environment.
In addition, usually, when using liquid developer, in the fixing of toner particle, iknsulating liquid adheres on the surface of each toner particle.Therefore, in traditional liquid developer, there are the following problems, and the iknsulating liquid that promptly adheres to the surface of toner particle has reduced the fixing strength of toner particle.
Like this, in order to improve the fixing strength of toner particle, can expect under higher temperature, heating for a long time toner particle.But this method is difficult to satisfy at the image such as higher speed and forms and saving the up-to-date needs that require in image under the condition of the energy image formation field forming.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of liquid developer and a kind of image forming apparatus, described liquid developer environmental sound, and have the excellent storage stability and an excellent photographic fixing characteristic of toner particle, the liquid developer that described image forming apparatus uses environmental sound and has the excellent photographic fixing characteristic of excellent storage stability and toner particle.
A first aspect of the present invention relates to a kind of liquid developer.This liquid developer comprises: toner particle, and described toner particle is formed by resin material and colorant; And iknsulating liquid, wherein, described toner particle is dispersed in the described iknsulating liquid, and described iknsulating liquid comprises ester-exchanged oil, and described ester-exchanged oil obtains by the ester exchange reaction one of at least of soybean oil and semi-drying oil and non-drying oil.
In above-mentioned liquid developer, preferably, described iknsulating liquid also comprises fatty-acid monoester.
In above-mentioned liquid developer, preferably, the amount of the described fatty-acid monoester that comprises in the described iknsulating liquid is 5wt%-50wt%.
In above-mentioned liquid developer, preferably, when the amount of the described ester-exchanged oil that in the described iknsulating liquid of X (wt%) expression, comprises, the amount of the described fatty-acid monoester that comprises in the described iknsulating liquid of Y (wt%) expression, satisfy the relation of 1.0≤X/Y≤5.0.
In above-mentioned liquid developer, preferably, described fatty-acid monoester comprises fatty acid and has the ester of the alkylol of 1-4 carbon atom.
In above-mentioned liquid developer, preferably, be by weight 100 in the mixing ratio of soybean oil described in the described ester exchange reaction and described semi-drying oil: 5-100: 500.
In above-mentioned liquid developer, preferably, be by weight 100 in the mixing ratio of soybean oil described in the described ester exchange reaction and described non-drying oil: 5-100: 300.
In above-mentioned liquid developer, preferably, described semi-drying oil comprises sunflower oil, rapeseed oil or safflower oil.
In above-mentioned liquid developer, preferably, described non-drying oil comprises olive oil, castor oil or peanut oil.
In above-mentioned liquid developer, preferably, the iodine number of described iknsulating liquid is 30-220.
In above-mentioned liquid developer, preferably, described liquid developer also comprises antioxidant.
In above-mentioned liquid developer, preferably, described liquid developer also comprises the oxidative polymerization accelerator of the oxidative polymerization that is used to quicken described ester-exchanged oil.
In above-mentioned liquid developer, preferably, described oxidative polymerization accelerator is included in the described iknsulating liquid under by encapsulated situation.
A second aspect of the present invention relates to and a kind ofly is used to use the aforesaid liquid developer that image is formed into image forming apparatus on the recording medium.Described image forming apparatus comprises: the liquid developer storage area is used for storage of liquids developer therein; The development part is used to use the described liquid developer from the supply of described liquid developer storage area to come developed image; Transfer section, the described image that is used for forming on the described part of developing is transferred to recording medium, to form the image through transfer printing thereon; With the photographic fixing part, the described image fixing through transfer printing that is used for forming on described recording medium is to described recording medium, wherein, described liquid developer comprises iknsulating liquid and the toner particle that is dispersed in the described iknsulating liquid, described iknsulating liquid comprises ester-exchanged oil, and described ester-exchanged oil obtains by the ester exchange reaction one of at least of soybean oil and semi-drying oil and non-drying oil.
According to above-mentioned liquid developer, the liquid developer that a kind of environmental sound can be provided and have the excellent photographic fixing characteristic of excellent storage stability and toner particle.In addition, according to above-mentioned image forming apparatus, can provide the image forming apparatus of the liquid developer of the excellent photographic fixing characteristic of using environmental sound and having excellent storage stability and toner particle.
In conjunction with the drawings to the description of embodiment and embodiment, above-mentioned these and other purpose, structure and technique effect etc. of the present invention will become distinct.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 shows the viewgraph of cross-section that is arranged on according to an example of the contact-type liquid development unit in the image forming apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows the skeleton view that is arranged on according to an example of the end of a thread exposed portion in the image forming apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the viewgraph of cross-section of getting along its sub scanning direction of the end of a thread exposed portion.
Fig. 4 shows the viewgraph of cross-section that is arranged on according to an example of the non-contact type liquid development unit in the image forming apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 5 shows the viewgraph of cross-section that is arranged on according to an example of the fixation unit in the image forming apparatus of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below, with the preferred embodiment that is described in detail with reference to the attached drawings according to liquid developer of the present invention and image forming apparatus.
Liquid developer of the present invention comprises iknsulating liquid and the toner particle that is dispersed in the iknsulating liquid.
Iknsulating liquid
At first, iknsulating liquid is described.In the present invention, iknsulating liquid comprises the oil (ester-exchanged oil) that obtains by the ester exchange reaction one of at least in soybean oil and semi-drying oil and the non-drying oil.In addition, iknsulating liquid preferably comprises fatty-acid monoester.
At this, semi-drying oil is to comprise the unsaturated fat acid constituents and have 90 or higher but be lower than the oil of 120 iodine number.On the other hand, non-drying oil has the oil that is lower than 90 iodine number.In addition, soybean oil generally is classified into drying oil (that is, have 120 or the oil of higher iodine number).
Soybean oil, semi-drying oil and non-drying oil are respectively the oil that derives from plant.These oil are materials of environmental sound.Therefore, be used as at these oil under the situation of iknsulating liquid, can reduce to leak the environmental pressure that causes by iknsulating liquid publish picture as forming device and to abandon that the used liquid developer may bring by iknsulating liquid.
In addition, soybean oil and semi-drying oil are the components that can improve the photographic fixing characteristic of toner particle to the recording medium.Particularly, soybean oil and semi-drying oil itself are the components that (especially, by the heat that applies in fixing etc.) solidifies because oxidative polymerization, thereby have the function of the photographic fixing characteristic of improving toner particle.
But, under these oil are used alone or are used in combination situation as iknsulating liquid, the problem below existing.That is, under soybean oil was used alone situation as iknsulating liquid, fixing strength can be enhanced, but the storage stability of liquid developer descends, because the relatively easy oxidized and polymerization of soybean oil.
On the other hand, under semi-drying oil was used alone situation as iknsulating liquid, the storage stability of liquid developer can fully be improved.But, need higher energy to come to solidify semi-drying oil, and need the long time to carry out oxidative polymerization by oxidative polymerization.This make can not be under low temperature with the toner particle photographic fixing to recording medium, and can not carry out flying print.
In addition, can expect that the potpourri that uses soybean oil, semi-drying oil, non-drying oil is as iknsulating liquid.In the case, each in these oil can not show its feature in liquid developer.Therefore, be difficult to obtain the liquid developer that not only has excellent storage stability but also have excellent photographic fixing characteristic all the time.
The inventor has carried out a large amount of explorations and research to iknsulating liquid.The result, the inventor has been found that by using the component of ester-exchanged oil as iknsulating liquid, the liquid developer that can obtain not only have excellent storage stability but also have excellent toner particle photographic fixing characteristic, wherein, described ester-exchanged oil obtains by the ester exchange reaction one of at least in soybean oil and semi-drying oil and the non-drying oil.
Promptly, according to the present invention, by using the component of ester-exchanged oil as iknsulating liquid, liquid developer with excellent storage stability and excellent toner particle photographic fixing characteristic to the recording medium can be provided, wherein, described ester-exchanged oil obtains by the ester exchange reaction one of at least in soybean oil and semi-drying oil and the non-drying oil.
In addition, the ester-exchanged oil that obtains by the ester exchange reaction one of at least in soybean oil and semi-drying oil and the non-drying oil is for environmentally friendly material.Therefore, can reduce to leak the environmental pressure that causes by iknsulating liquid publish picture as forming device and to abandon that the used liquid developer may bring by iknsulating liquid.The liquid developer of environmental sound can also be provided as a result.
At this, the ester-exchanged oil that obtains by ester exchange reaction comprises glyceride (triglyceride), and this glyceride has the fatty acid component (unsaturated fat acid constituents) that contains in the fatty acid component (unsaturated fat acid constituents) that contains in the soybean oil and semi-drying oil and/or the non-drying oil in its molecule.
Like this, according to the present invention, the simple mixtures that is not to use soybean oil and semi-drying oil and/or non-drying oil is as insulating oil, and is to use the triglyceride that has the fatty acid component that contains in the fatty acid component that contains in the soybean oil and semi-drying oil and/or the non-drying oil in its molecule as insulating oil.This makes it possible to achieve effect of the present invention,, realizes excellent storage stability and the excellent toner particle photographic fixing characteristic to the recording medium simultaneously that is.
The example of semi-drying oil comprises sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, safflower oil, cottonseed oil, sesame oil, corn wet goods.In these oil, each in sunflower oil, rapeseed, the safflower oil has especially excellent storage stability between its storage or storage life.Therefore, any or multiple being used as under the semi-drying oil condition in these oil has the especially liquid developer of the storage stability of excellence when can be provided in the photographic fixing characteristic that keeps excellent.
On the other hand, the example of non-drying oil comprises olive oil, castor oil, peanut oil, avocado oil and fibert wet goods.In these oil, at least a being used as under the situation of non-drying oil in olive oil, castor oil and peanut oil, liquid developer can have especially excellent storage stability.
In addition, preferably, the iodine number of each in semi-drying oil and the non-drying oil is less than the iodine number of soybean oil, and the difference between each the iodine number in the iodine number of soybean oil and semi-drying oil and the non-drying oil is equal to, or greater than 20.This makes liquid developer to have more excellent storage stability in the photographic fixing characteristic that keeps excellence.
At this, above-mentioned ester exchange reaction can realize by known method.The example of such known method comprises the method for using enzyme, the method for using heat under the condition of catalyzer etc.
Under the situation of the ester exchange reaction of carrying out soybean oil and semi-drying oil, the mixing ratio of soybean oil and semi-drying oil is preferably 100: 5 to 100: 500 by weight, more preferably by weight 100: 10 to 100: 200, and even more preferably by weight 100: 30 to 100: 100.Be set in the above-mentioned scope by mixing ratio, the liquid developer of the photographic fixing characteristic with especially excellent storage stability and excellence can be provided soybean oil and semi-drying oil.
In addition, under the situation of the ester exchange reaction of carrying out soybean oil and non-drying oil, the mixing ratio of soybean oil and non-drying oil is preferably 100: 5 to 100: 300 by weight, and more preferably by weight 100: 10 to 100: 150, and even more preferably by weight 100: 30 to 100: 90.Be set in the above-mentioned scope by mixing ratio, the liquid developer of the photographic fixing characteristic with especially excellent storage stability and excellence can be provided soybean oil and non-drying oil.
The amount of the ester-exchanged oil that comprises in the iknsulating liquid is preferably 50wt% or more, and more preferably 50wt% is to 80wt%, and even more preferably 50wt% to 75wt%.Amount by the ester-exchanged oil that will comprise in the iknsulating liquid is set in the above-mentioned scope, and the liquid developer with especially excellent storage stability and excellent photographic fixing characteristic can be provided.
In addition, iknsulating liquid preferably comprises fatty-acid monoester.Below fatty-acid monoester will be described.Fatty-acid monoester is the ester of fatty acid and single hydroxyl alcohol.
Fatty-acid monoester has the effect (plastifier effect) that is used at fixing plasticizing toner particle.Generally speaking, known various esters have the plastifier effect for the resin Composition of Polyvinylchloride etc. and so on, and the plastifier effect is owing to heat strengthens.
Therefore, the ester compounds such as fatty-acid monoester, ester-exchanged oil, fatty acid triglyceride etc. can plastify the resin Composition (resin material) that comprises in the toner particle owing to the heat that applies in fixing.As a result, in fixing, toner particle can be plastified by ester compounds on the whole.
In these ester compounds, the fatty acid monoesters has less molecular weight.Therefore, fatty-acid monoester can easily be contained in the resin Composition that is comprised in the toner particle, shows the plastifier effect thus especially effectively.Therefore, fatty-acid monoester can plastify toner particle more reliably in fixing.
The result, when toner particle in fixing is heated and is stamped on the recording medium, the fatty-acid monoester that is present in the near surface of toner particle penetrates in the toner particle easily, so toner particle is plastified easily owing to fatty-acid monoester.The toner particle that is plastified can adhere to recording medium securely like this.
In addition, because fatty-acid monoester still penetrates into the component in the recording medium easily, so when toner particle contact history medium in fixing, the fatty-acid monoester that adheres to surfaces of toner particles penetrates in the recording medium immediately.
In addition, fatty-acid monoester has high affinity for the resin Composition that comprises in the toner particle.Therefore, when fatty-acid monoester self penetrates in the recording medium, fatty-acid monoester with the part in each toner particle (promptly, the resin Composition that comprises in the toner particle) is dragged in the recording medium the plasticized effect of the part in described toner particle plasticizing and the heat fusion during by photographic fixing.
That is, the part of resin Composition also penetrates in the recording medium with fatty-acid monoester.The resin Composition that infiltrates shows the grappling effect for recording medium, has further improved the fixing strength of toner particle for recording medium thus.
In addition, fatty-acid monoester also has the high affinity for ester-exchanged oil.Therefore, when fatty-acid monoester self penetrated in the recording medium, the part that fatty-acid monoester also will be present near the ester-exchanged oil the surfaces of toner particles was dragged in the recording medium.
That is, a part that is present near the ester-exchanged oil the surfaces of toner particles also penetrates in the recording medium with fatty-acid monoester.Then, the ester-exchanged oil of infiltration is oxidized and polymerization (oxidative polymerization) in recording medium, produces its oxidative polymerization product thus in recording medium.
Therefore, penetrate into resin Composition in the recording medium can be owing to these oxidative polymerization products by photographic fixing to recording medium.As a result, the photographic fixing more firmly of toner particle quilt is to recording medium.
Owing to these reasons, use the liquid developer of the iknsulating liquid comprise fatty-acid monoester can have the photographic fixing characteristic of especially excellent toner particle to the recording medium.In addition, because fatty-acid monoester can plastify toner particle at a lower temperature, so, use the liquid developer of the iknsulating liquid comprise the fatty acid monoesters can have the photographic fixing characteristic of enough toner particles to the recording medium even at low-temperature space.
In addition, because toner particle can be plastified in fixing fully, so fuse reliably each other by the contact between them through the toner particle of plasticizing.Therefore, utilizing multiple color toner particle to form under the situation of image, adjacent different colours particle is fused reliably.
Therefore, mixed by the multiple color that different colour particles obtain in the zone that the different colours particle of recording medium is fused, make this zone can present the middle color of this multiple color reliably.As a result, by using above-mentioned liquid developer to form under the situation of image, can obtain the desirable tone of this image more reliably with multiple color.
And, because fatty-acid monoester is the component of environmental sound, so can reduce to leak the environmental pressure that causes by iknsulating liquid publish picture as forming device and to abandon that the used liquid developer may bring by iknsulating liquid.The liquid developer of environmental sound can be provided as a result.
The viscosity of fatty-acid monoester is 10mPas or littler, and 5mPas or littler more preferably.At this, should notice that in this manual viscosity is the value of measuring down at 25 ℃.Like this, be set at enough low scope by the viscosity with fatty-acid monoester, fatty-acid monoester can more effectively penetrate in the recording medium.Therefore, the fatty-acid monoester of infiltration can be more effectively the part of resin Composition of the toner particle that heat fused during with plasticized effect plasticizing and by photographic fixing and a part that is present near the ester-exchanged oil the surfaces of toner particles be dragged in the recording medium.Therefore as a result, obtain above-mentioned grappling effect more reliably, can improve the photographic fixing characteristic of toner particle to the recording medium.
The amount of the fatty-acid monoester that comprises in the iknsulating liquid is preferably 5-50wt%, more preferably is 10-45wt%, even 20-45wt% more preferably.If the amount of fatty-acid monoester is an above-mentioned lower limit or bigger,,, fatty-acid monoester sticks on the surface of toner particle so can having big chance then because the absolute magnitude of the fatty-acid monoester that comprises in the iknsulating liquid is enough high.As a result, more effectively obtain by the plastifier effect of fatty-acid monoester, so the resin Composition of toner particle can penetrate in the recording medium more reliably for toner particle.
In addition, because the absolute magnitude of the fatty-acid monoester that comprises in the iknsulating liquid is enough high, so ester-exchanged oil can penetrate in the recording medium more reliably with fatty-acid monoester.Owing to these reasons have obtained above-mentioned grappling effect more reliably, thereby can improve the photographic fixing characteristic of toner particle to the recording medium, can be so that the fixing strength of formed toner image be especially excellent.
In addition, because can in fixing, plastify toner particle fully, so fuse each other by the contact between them through the toner particle of plasticizing.As a result, can form toner image with especially excellent smooth surface.
In addition, utilizing multiple color toner particle to form under the situation of image, adjacent different colours particle is fused reliably.Therefore, mixed by the multiple color that different colour particles obtain in the zone that the different colours particle of recording medium is fused, make this zone can present the middle color of this multiple color reliably.As a result, by using above-mentioned liquid developer to form under the situation of image, can obtain the desirable tone of this image more reliably with multiple color.
On the other hand, if the amount of fatty-acid monoester is an above-mentioned higher limit or littler, then because the absolute magnitude of the fatty-acid monoester that comprises is suitable value in the iknsulating liquid, so can prevent the parts that in liquid development unit as described below, are provided with or the deterioration of member.This makes the life-span can prolong the liquid development unit, and the wideer selection for the profit material that is used for parts or member can be provided.
On the contrary, if the amount of fatty-acid monoester is less than above-mentioned lower limit, then there is following situation, promptly, can not obtain the effect that will obtain by fatty-acid monoester, being fatty-acid monoester is dragged to the effect in the recording medium and/or the effect of fatty-acid monoester plasticizing toner particle with the part of the resin Composition of toner particle and ester-exchanged oil, and this depends on the composition of liquid developer.
For example, if toner particle can not fully be plastified, then exist the resin Composition of toner particle can not enter into situation as the gap between the paper fiber of the paper of recording medium.In the case, there are the misgivings that can fully not obtain desired anchoring effect.
In addition, if the situation that the amount of fatty-acid monoester less than above-mentioned lower limit then depend on the composition of iknsulating liquid, exists the viscosity of iknsulating liquid to become too high.Under these circumstances, exist fatty-acid monoester and ester-exchanged oil can not suitably penetrate into misgivings in the recording medium.Under these circumstances, have following misgivings, that is, ester-exchanged oil can not contact the oxygen of the needed q.s of its oxidative polymerization, makes its oxidative polymerization not carry out effectively.
As a result, there is following situation, that is, can not obtains fully because the improvement of the grappling effect that brings of above-mentioned oxidative polymerization product, make the photographic fixing characteristic (that is the photographic fixing characteristic of toner particle to the recording medium) of liquid developer not improve.
On the other hand, if the amount of fatty-acid monoester surpasses above-mentioned higher limit, then there is following situation, promptly, fatty-acid monoester penetrates in the toner particle between the storage of liquid developer or storage life, makes toner particle because fatty-acid monoester and by mistake being plastified.Under these circumstances, have such misgivings, that is, toner particle condenses etc., but makes the keeping quality of liquid developer reduce.
Should be noted that in this manual, by term " between the storage or storage life of liquid developer " the represented time period comprise liquid developer be placed in image forming apparatus by but be used for the state of image before forming at it.The example of such state comprises that image forming apparatus does not have the state of operation and the idle condition of image forming apparatus.
In addition, if the amount of fatty-acid monoester surpasses above-mentioned higher limit, then there is following situation, promptly, depend on and constitute each parts be arranged in the liquid development or the material of member, between the storage or storage life of liquid developer, fatty-acid monoester penetrates in the parts or member such as developer roll, blade etc.Under these circumstances, described parts or member may be by swelling or corrosion, thus by deterioration.Therefore, existence can not freely select to constitute each eight misgivings that are arranged on the material of each parts in the liquid development unit (image forming apparatus) or member.
The ester-exchanged oil that comprises in the iknsulating liquid and the mixing ratio of fatty-acid monoester have no particular limits, but preferred satisfied relation of plane down.Promptly, the amount of the ester-exchanged oil that comprises in iknsulating liquid is defined as X (wt%), when the amount of the fatty-acid monoester that comprises in the iknsulating liquid is defined as Y (wt%), the preferred relation that satisfies 1.0≤X/Y≤5.0, more preferably satisfy the relation of 1.2≤X/Y≤4.5, even more preferably satisfy the relation of 1.5≤X/Y≤4.5.By satisfying such relation, can be so that the keeping quality of liquid developer be more excellent, and make toner particle excellent especially to the fixing strength on the recording medium.
Kind for the fatty-acid monoester that can be used for liquid developer of the present invention has no particular limits.The example of such fatty-acid monoester comprises the unsaturated fatty acid alkyl monoester, saturated fatty acid alkyl monoester etc.At this, " alkyl " comprises methyl, ethyl, propyl group, butyl etc.These fatty-acid monoesters can use separately or two kinds or more kinds of being used in combination in them.
At this, the example of unsaturated fatty acid comprises oleic acid, palmitoleic acid, castor oil acid (recinoleic acid), linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, gamma-Linolenic acid, a peanut olefin(e) acid, DHA (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) etc.On the other hand, the example of saturated fat acid-proof comprises butyric acid, caproic acid, sad, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachic acid, mountain Yu acid, lignoceric acid etc.
As such fatty-acid monoester, the preferred use has the unsaturated fat acid monoester of unsaturated fat acid constituents as its fatty acid component.The unsaturated fat acid constituents is to be used to improve the component of toner particle to the fixing performance of recording medium.
And therefore more specifically, unsaturated fat acid monoester self, can especially improve the fixing strength of toner particle to the recording medium because its oxidative polymerization is solidified in fixing.As a result, because not only the unsaturated fat acid glyceride penetrates in the recording medium, and the unsaturated fat acid monoester can have contribution to oxidative polymerization, so can obtain especially excellent fixing strength.
In addition, as mentioned above, the unsaturated fat acid monoester also has the plastifier effect in fixing.As a result, above-mentioned multiple effect synergy obtains the especially photographic fixing characteristic of excellent liquid developer thus.
The amount of the unsaturated fat acid constituents that comprises in all fatty acid components of fatty-acid monoester is preferably 50wt% or more, and 60wt% or more more preferably.Thus, above-mentioned effect can be shown more reliably, and therefore especially high fixing strength can be obtained.
In addition, preferably, the fatty acid component of fatty-acid monoester mainly is fine into by unsaturated fatty acid, but it can comprise the part of saturated fatty acid as it.This can further improve the keeping quality and the storage stability of iknsulating liquid.
Fatty-acid monoester is the ester of fatty acid and single hydroxyl alcohol, and wherein preferably, this alcohol is that carbon number is the alkylol of 1-4.By using such ester, can be so that the chemical stability excellence of liquid developer, and can be so that the keeping quality of liquid developer and storage stability are excellent more.
In addition, the viscosity that this can also suitably set iknsulating liquid makes liquid developer suitably to penetrate in the recording medium.The example of such alcohol comprises methyl alcohol, ethanol, propyl alcohol, butanols, isobutyl alcohol etc.
At this, more preferably, the fatty-acid monoester that comprises in the iknsulating liquid is to be that the ester exchange reaction of the single hydroxyl alcohol of 1-4 obtains by fatty glyceride and carbon number.By using such fatty-acid monoester, can increase the compatibility between fatty-acid monoester and the fatty glyceride (ester-exchanged oil).
Therefore, the viscosity of iknsulating liquid is more suitably set, and makes liquid developer more suitably to penetrate in the recording medium.As a result, because can be so that toner particle to the fixing strength excellence of recording medium, can be preferred at a high speed following image formation so comprise the liquid developer of such iknsulating liquid.
In addition, liquid developer (iknsulating liquid) can also comprise antioxidant, is used for preventing or control the ester-exchanged oil that iknsulating liquid comprises and the oxidation of fatty-acid monoester.This can prevent the ester-exchanged oil in the liquid developer and the oxidation of not expecting of fatty-acid monoester.
As a result, can prevent the deterioration that liquid developer (iknsulating liquid) waits in time, and make the dispersiveness of toner particle and toner particle keep excellent especially for a long time to the photographic fixing characteristic on the recording medium.That is, can be so that the storage stability of liquid developer is excellent especially.
The example of such antioxidant comprises: vitamin E, such as tocopherol, d-tocopherol, dl-alpha-tocopherol, acetate alpha-tocopherol, acetate dl-alpha-tocopherol, tocopherol acetate and alpha-tocopherol; Vitamin C is such as dibutyl hydroxy toluene (BHT), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), ascorbic acid, ascorbate and ascorbyl stearate; Green-tea extract; Raw coffee bean extract etc.These antioxidants can use or individually with two kinds in them or more kinds of being used in combination.
In addition, in these materials, but when using dibutyl hydroxy toluene (BHT), can prevent the oxidation of ester-exchanged oil and fatty-acid monoester especially effectively.In addition, the oxidation product that oxidation produced by dibutyl hydroxy toluene only produces little influence for liquid developer.As a result, can be so that the storage stability of liquid developer and toner particle be excellent especially to the photographic fixing characteristic on the recording medium.
In addition, in these materials, when using vitamin E, can obtain following effect.That is, vitamin E is the material of environmental sound, and it only produces little influence by the oxidation product that oxidation produced for liquid developer, can obtain the liquid developer more harmless to environment thus.
In addition, because vitamin E is the material that has high dispersiveness in above-mentioned iknsulating liquid, so it can be used as preferred anti-oxidants.As a result, can be so that the storage stability of liquid developer and toner particle be especially excellent to the photographic fixing characteristic on the recording medium.
In addition, in above-mentioned material, when using vitamin C, can obtain following effect.That is, identical with above-mentioned vitamin E, vitamin C is the material of environmental sound, and it only produces little influence by the oxidation product that oxidation produced for liquid developer, can obtain the liquid developer more harmless to environment thus.
In addition, because vitamin C is the material with low heat decomposition temperature, so it can have enough as antioxidant function between the storage of liquid developer or storage life, in fixing, descend simultaneously, make that the oxidative polymerization of ester-exchanged oil and fatty-acid monoester is promoted as antioxidant function.
Preferably, the heat decomposition temperature of antioxidant is lower than the fixing temperature in the fixing.This makes the deterioration can more effectively prevent iknsulating liquid between the storage of liquid developer or storage life.
In addition, the antioxidant that comprises in the iknsulating liquid on the surface that adheres to toner particle thermal decomposition in fixing thus can be so that ester-exchanged oil and fatty-acid monoester solidify effectively by oxidative polymerization.As a result, can be so that toner particle be enough excellent to the photographic fixing characteristic on the recording medium.
The heat decomposition temperature of antioxidant preferably is equal to or less than 200 ℃, and more preferably is equal to or less than 180 ℃.This makes antioxidant can show its function fully.In addition, can also improve the fixing strength of toner particle effectively.
The amount of the antioxidant that comprises in the iknsulating liquid is preferably the iknsulating liquid 0.01-5 part weight with respect to 100 parts of weight, 0.01-4 part weight more preferably, even more preferably 1-3 part weight.
This makes and can work as when needing (, in fixing) promote the oxidative polymerization (curing) of ester-exchanged oil and fatty-acid monoester effectively, prevented the deterioration of the liquid developer that causes by the oxidation of ester-exchanged oil at the preservation of liquid developer or memory period simultaneously.
In addition, liquid developer can comprise oxidative polymerization accelerator (curing accelerator), is used to quicken above-mentioned ester-exchanged oil and the oxidative polymerization of fatty-acid monoester (curing reaction).
This makes and can work as when needing (, in the fixing of toner particle) and solidify ester-exchanged oil and fatty-acid monoester effectively by oxidative polymerization.As a result, can so that toner particle by photographic fixing to recording medium the time its fixing strength excellent especially.
Comprise at liquid developer under the situation of oxidative polymerization accelerator, preferably, the oxidative polymerization of not obvious acceleration ester-exchanged oil of oxidative polymerization accelerator and fatty-acid monoester between the storage of liquid developer or storage life, and (, in the fixing of toner particle) oxidative polymerization accelerator quickens the oxidative polymerization (curing) of ester-exchanged oil and fatty-acid monoester when needs.
This can be so that the storage stability excellence of liquid developer can also make toner particle excellent especially to the fixing strength on the recording medium.
The example of such oxidative polymerization accelerator comprises following material, and this material has at the oxidative polymerization (curing reaction) that quickens ester-exchanged oil and fatty-acid monoester under the situation that applies heat can not quicken the function of the oxidative polymerization (curing reaction) of ester-exchanged oil and fatty-acid monoester under about room temperature.
That is, wherein can be used as the oxidative polymerization accelerator for the higher material of energy of activation of the oxidative polymerization (curing reaction) of ester-exchanged oil and fatty-acid monoester.
The example of such material comprises the various slaines of fatty acid etc.These materials can be individually or with two kinds in them or more kinds of being used in combination.By using such oxidative polymerization accelerator, can in fixing, promote the oxidative polymerization of ester-exchanged oil and fatty-acid monoester, keep the storage stability of liquid developer simultaneously.
Because the slaine of fatty acid can quicken in fixing the oxidative polymerization that undertaken by supply oxygen, thus can be under the situation that applies heat (for example, in fixing) quicken the oxidative polymerization of ester-exchanged oil and fatty-acid monoester effectively.
Therefore, can in fixing, more effectively quicken the oxidative polymerization of ester-exchanged oil and fatty-acid monoester, simultaneously the oxidative polymerization that prevents ester-exchanged oil and fatty-acid monoester more reliably at the preservation or the memory period of liquid developer.
In addition because the slaine of fatty acid has higher dispersiveness in ester-exchanged oil, so can with the slaine homogeneous phase of fatty acid be dispersed in the iknsulating liquid, the result, can be in fixing accelerated oxidation polyreaction effectively on the whole.
The slaine that the example of such fatty acid metal salts comprises colophonic acid (resin acid) (for example, its cobalt salt, manganese salt and lead salt), linolenic slaine (for example, its cobalt salt, manganese salt and lead salt), sad slaine (for example, its cobalt salt, manganese salt, lead salt, zinc salt and calcium salt), the slaine (for example, its zinc salt and calcium salt) of naphthenic acid.The slaine of these fatty acid can be individually or with two kinds in them or more kinds of being used in combination.
The oxidative polymerization accelerator can be comprised in the iknsulating liquid under by encapsulated situation.The oxidative polymerization that can obviously not quicken ester-exchanged oil and fatty-acid monoester at the preservation or the memory period of liquid developer through encapsulated oxidative polymerization accelerator like this, and in the fixing of toner particle, quicken the oxidative polymerization (curing) of ester-exchanged oil and fatty-acid monoester.
That is the generation that, can be more reliably prevents oxidative polymerization at the preservation or the memory period of liquid developer.In addition, because the capsule of oxidative polymerization accelerator is by the predetermined pressure disintegration that is applied when the fixing, cause contacting between oxidative polymerization accelerator and ester-exchanged oil and the fatty-acid monoester thus, so can quicken the oxidative polymerization of ester-exchanged oil and fatty-acid monoester reliably.
In addition, use through encapsulated oxidative polymerization accelerator and provide wider selection as the material of oxidative polymerization accelerator.In other words, even can use oxidative polymerization accelerator (can quicken the oxidative polymerization accelerator of the oxidative polymerization of ester-exchanged oil and fatty-acid monoester at a lower temperature), and can be so that toner particle is excellent especially to the fixing strength on the recording medium with high response.
The amount of the oxidative polymerization accelerator that comprises in the iknsulating liquid is preferably the iknsulating liquid 0.01-10 part weight with respect to 100 parts of weight, 0.05-7 part weight more preferably, even more preferably 0.1-5 part weight.
This makes the oxidative polymerization can quicken ester-exchanged oil and fatty-acid monoester in fixing more reliably, simultaneously the generation that prevents oxidative polymerization fully at the preservation or the memory period of liquid developer.
In addition, iknsulating liquid can comprise the annexing ingredient except that said components.The example of annexing ingredient comprises: mineral oil, such as ISOPER E, ISOPER G, ISOPER H, ISOPER L (" ISOPER " is the ProductName of Exxon Mobile Chemical), SHELLSOL 70, SHELLSOL 71 (" SHELLSOL " is the ProductName of Shell Chemical Japan Ltd.), Amsco OMS, (" Amsco " is Spirit Co. to Amsco 460 solvents, Ltd. ProductName), low viscosity or high viscosity liquid paraffin are (by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. produce) and analog, saturated fatty acid glyceride, glycerine, the degradation products of fatty glyceride (for example fatty acid etc.), octane, isooctane, decane, isodecane, decahydronaphthalenes, nonane, 12 carbon alkane, different 12 carbon alkane, cyclohexane, cyclooctane, cyclodecane, benzene, toluene, dimethylbenzene, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene etc.These annexing ingredients can be individually or with two kinds in them or more kinds of being used in combination.
The resistivity of above-mentioned iknsulating liquid under room temperature (20 ℃) preferably equals or is higher than 1 * 10 9Ω cm more preferably equals or is higher than 1 * 10 11Ω cm, even more preferably equal or be higher than 1 * 10 13Ω cm.In addition, the specific inductive capacity of iknsulating liquid preferably is equal to or less than 3.5.
In addition, the iodine number of iknsulating liquid is preferred but be not limited to 30 to 220, and more preferably 80 to 220.This makes the oxidative polymerization can quicken ester-exchanged oil and fatty-acid monoester effectively, prevents the chemical deterioration of iknsulating liquid simultaneously fully, and can be at toner particle in the fixing strength that is improved toner particle by photographic fixing to recording medium the time.
Toner particle
To be described toner particle below.The toner particle that comprises in the liquid developer of the present invention (toner) comprises resin glue (resin material) and colorant at least.
1. resin material (resin glue)
The toner particle that comprises in the liquid developer constitutes by comprising the material of resin material (resin) as its key component.
In the present invention, the kind for employed resin (resin glue) is not specifically limited.The example of such resin (resin glue) comprising: styrene base resin (containing substituent homopolymer of styrene or styrene or multipolymer), such as polystyrene, poly alpha methylstyrene, the chloro polystyrene, styrene-chloro-styrene copolymer, the styrene-propene multipolymer, Styrene-Butadiene, styrene-vinyl chloride copolymer, styrene-vinyl acetate copolymer, styrene-maleic acid copolymer, copolymer in cinnamic acrylic ester, styrene-methacrylate copolymer, cinnamic acrylic ester-methacrylate copolymer, styrene-methyl multipolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile-acrylate copolymer and styrene-ethylene base methyl ether multipolymer; Vibrin; Epoxy resin; Polyurethane modified epoxy resin; The silicone modified epoxy; Vestolit; Abietyl modified maleic acid resin; The phenyl resin; Polyvinyl resin; Polypropylene; Ion exchange resin; Urethane resin; Silicone resin; Ketone resin; Ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer; Xylene resin; Polyvinyl butyral resin; Terpene resin; Phenolics and fat or alicyclic hydrocarbon resin.These resin glues can be individually or are used in combination with in them two or more.
In these resins, because vibrin has high affinity for above-mentioned ester-exchanged oil and fatty-acid monoester, so can be so that the dispersiveness of toner particle in liquid developer is excellent especially.In addition, because vibrin has the high transparency, so be used as at vibrin under the situation of resin glue, it is excellent that the color development of the image that is obtained becomes.
The softening point of resin (resin material) specifically is not defined as any specific value, but is preferably 50 to 130 ℃, and more preferably 50 to 120 ℃, even more preferably 60 to 115 ℃.In this instructions, it is that 5 ℃/minute and die throat diameter are the temperature that begins to soften under the condition of 1.0mm that term " softening point " is illustrated in the high-rise flowing test instrument (being made by Shimadzu Corporation) programming rate.
2. colorant
The toner particle of liquid developer also comprises colorant.As colorant, can use pigment, dyestuff etc.The such pigment and the example of dyestuff comprise carbon black, spirit black, dim (C.I.No.77266), magnetite black, titanium is black, chrome yellow, cadmium yellow, the colour-fast Huang of mineral, the navel orange Huang, naphthol yellow S, Hansa Yellow G, lasting yellow NCG, benzidine yellow, quinoline yellow, tartrazine lake, chrome orange, molybdate orange, lasting orange GTR, pyrazolone orange, Benzidine orange G, cadmium red, lasting red 4R, Watching Red calcium salt, eosine lake, bright fuchsin 3B, manganese violet, colour-fast purple B, the methyl violet color lake, Prussian blue, cobalt blue, alkali blue lake, the Victoria blue color lake, colour-fast sky blue, indanthrene blue BC, ultramarine blue, aniline blue, phthalocyanine blue, the copper oil blue, chrome green, chromium oxide, Pigment Green B, malachite green forms sediment, phthalocyanine green, Final Yellow Green G, rhodamine 6G, quinoline a word used for translation ketone, Rose Bengal (C.I.No.45432), C.I.Direct Red 1, C.I.Direct Red 4, C.I.Acid Red 1, C.I.Basic Red 1, C.I.Mordant Red 30, C.I.Pigment Red 48:1, C.I.Pigment Red 57:1, C.I.Pigment Red 122, C.I.Pigment Red 184, C.I.Direct Blue 1, C.I.Direct Blue 2, C.I.Acid Blue9, C.I.Acid Blue 15, C.I.Basic Blue 3, C.I.Basic Blue 5, C.I.MordantBlue 7, C.I.Pigment Blue 15:1, C.I.Pigment Blue 15:3, C.I.Pigment Blue5:1, C.I.Direct Green 6, C.I.Basic Green 4, C.I.Basic Green 6, C.I.Pigment Yellow 17, C.I.Pigment Yellow 93, C.I.Pigment Yellow 97, C.I.Pigment Yellow 12, C.I.Pigment Yellow 180, C.I.Pigment Yellow 162, and aniline black byestuffs (C.I.No.50415B); Metal oxide is such as metal complex dyes, monox, aluminium oxide, magnetic oxide, di-iron trioxide (meghemite), various ferrite, cupric oxide, nickel oxide, zinc paste, zirconia, titanium dioxide, magnesium oxide etc.; And magnetic material, comprise magnetic metal such as Fe, Co and Ni etc.These pigment and dyestuff can be individually or with two kinds in them or more kinds of being used in combination.
3. other component
In toner particle, can comprise the annexing ingredient except that said components.The example of other component like this comprises wax, charge control agent, Magnaglo etc.
The example of such wax comprises: chloroflo, such as unformed wax, ceresine, paraffin, microcrystalline wax, micro-crystallization wax, vaseline, Fischer-Tropsch wax etc.; Ester type waxes is such as Brazil wax, rice wax, lauric acid methyl ester, myristic acid methyl ester, palmitic acid methyl ester, methyl stearate, butyl stearate, wax rhimba wax, cotton wax, Japan tallow, beeswax, lanolin wax, montan wax, fatty acid ester etc.; Alkene wax is such as Tissuemat E, polypropylene wax, oxidized polyethlene wax and its chlorinated polypropylene wax etc.; Amide waxe is such as 12-hydroxyl stearmide, stearmide, phthalimide etc.; Ketone wax is such as laurone, octadecane ketone etc.; Ether wax etc.These waxes can be individually or two or more be used in combination.
The example of charge control agent comprises benzoic acid slaine, salicylic acid metal salt, alkylated salicylamide acid metal salt, catechol slaine, metallic bisazo dye, aniline black byestuffs, boric acid four phenyl ester derivants, quaternary ammonium salt, Fixanol, polyester chloride, nitro humic acid etc.
In addition, the example of Magnaglo comprises the powder of being made by the magnetic material that comprises metal oxide and/or magnetic metal, described metal oxide is such as being magnetic oxide, the red iron of magnetic, various ferrite, cupric oxide, nickel oxide, zinc paste, zirconia, titanium dioxide, magnesium oxide etc., and described magnetic metal is such as being Fe, Co or Ni.
In addition, except above-mentioned component, toner (toner particle) can also comprise zinc stearate, zinc paste, cerium oxide, monox, titanium dioxide, iron oxide, aliphatic acid or aliphatic acid slaine etc.
The shape of toner particle
The average particle size (diameter) of the toner particle that is made of above-mentioned material is preferably 0.1-5 μ m, 0.1-4 μ m more preferably, and even 0.5-3 μ m more preferably.If the average particle size of toner particle then can be so that the performance change of toner particle be enough little in above-mentioned scope.As a result, can make liquid developer can have high reliability on the whole so that the resolution of the toner image that is formed by liquid developer (liquid toner) is enough high.
In addition, preferably, the standard deviation of the particle size in the toner particle that comprises in the liquid developer is 1.0 μ m or littler, 0.1-1.0 μ m more preferably, even 0.1-0.8 μ m more preferably.When the standard deviation of particle size is in the above-mentioned scope, can further improve the global reliability of liquid developer thus so that the performance change of toner particle is especially little.
In addition, further preferably, be 0.85 or higher by the leveled circular sphericity of following formula (I) expression, 0.90-0.99 more preferably, even 0.92-0.99 more preferably.
R＝L 0/L 1 (I)
Wherein, L 1(μ m) expression is as the girth of the projected image of the toner particle of object under test, L 0(μ m) expression area with as the toner particle of object under test the perimeter L of the standard round (youngster what learn perfect round) that equates of area 0
When the leveled circular sphericity R of toner particle is in the above-mentioned scope, can be so that the transfer efficiency of toner particle and physical strength excellence, simultaneously can be so that the particle size of toner particle is enough little.
In the case, preferably, the standard deviation of the leveled circular sphericity between these toner particles is 0.15 or littler, more preferably 0.001-0.10, even more preferably 0.001-0.05.When the standard deviation of the leveled circular sphericity between these toner particles was in the above-mentioned scope, the variation of charging performance, photographic fixing characteristic etc. was especially little, has further improved the liquid developer whole reliability thus.
Above-mentioned liquid developer can form by the whole bag of tricks.For example, in a method, grind toner materials,, then toner particle is dispersed in the iknsulating liquid, obtain liquid developer thus to obtain toner particle by Ginding process.In another approach, use the dispersion liquid that is obtained by being distributed to toner materials in the dispersion medium, make liquid developer (referring to for example JP-A-2004-370231).
Then will can be described with the preferred embodiment of thereon image forming apparatus liquid developer of the present invention.Image forming apparatus comprises: the liquid development unit is used for toner image is formed into recording medium; And fixation unit, the toner image that is used for forming on recording medium is to recording medium.
Fig. 1 shows the viewgraph of cross-section that is arranged on according to an example of the contact-type liquid development unit in the image forming apparatus of the present invention.Liquid development unit P1 comprises developer reservoir (liquid developer storage area) P11, the photoreceptor P2 with cylindrical drum form, developer P10 and intermediate transfer rollers P18.
Liquid developer is stored among the developer reservoir P11.Image (toner image) is developed on the photoreceptor P2.In addition, developer P10 is fed to photoreceptor P2 with liquid developer from developer reservoir P11.The image that intermediate transfer rollers P18 will develop on photoreceptor P2 is transferred on the recording medium, makes transferred image (toner image) be formed on the recording medium.
Liquid development unit (liquid development part) P1 comprises the photoreceptor P2 with cylindrical drum form.By after the charging device P3 uniform charging of making by epichlorohydrin rubber or analog, utilize the end of a thread exposed portion P4 to carry out exposure on the surface of photoreceptor P2, form electrostatic latent image thus corresponding to information to be recorded with organic EL original paper etc.
Developer P10 has the roller of applying P12 and developer roll P13, and wherein, a described part that applies roller P12 is immersed among the developer reservoir P11.Apply the gravure roll that roller P12 makes by for example stainless steel etc. and form, it rotates with respect to developer roll P13.On the surface that applies roller P12, form liquid developer applied layer P14, and the thickness of this layer is suitable for keeping constant by quantitative blade P15.
In addition, liquid developer is transferred to developer roll P13 from applying roller P12.Developer roll P13 by metallic roll core component P16, be arranged on the soft silicone rubber layer on the metallic core member P16 and be formed on constituting on the silicone rubber layer by the resin bed made of conduction PFA (teflon-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether multipolymer), wherein, described metallic roll core component P16 is made by stainless steel etc.
Developer roll P13 is suitable for the speed rotation identical with photoreceptor P2, liquid developer is transferred to the sub-image part.The partially liq developer that remains in after liquid developer is transferred to photoreceptor P2 on the developer roll P13 is removed by developer roll cleaning blade P17, is collected in then among the developer reservoir P11.
At this, should be noted that photoreceptor P2, developer P10 and other relevant element constitute the development part, described development partly utilizes from the liquid developer of liquid developer storage part branch supply and comes the charge image developing toner image.
In addition, with image (toner image) after photoreceptor P2 is transferred to intermediate transfer rollers P18, make photoreceptor P2 discharge with discharge lamp P21, and cleaning blade P22 will not have transfer printing and the toner that remains on the photoreceptor P2 is removed, described cleaning blade P22 is made by urethane rubber etc.
The image (toner image) that is formed on the photoreceptor P2 is transferred to intermediate transfer rollers P18.Then, the transfer printing electric current is supplied to secondary transfer roll P19, and the toner image that is transferred at intermediate calender rolls P18 is transferred on the recording medium F5, and described recording medium F5 passes through between intermediate transfer rollers P18 and secondary transfer roll P19.
That is, intermediate transfer rollers P18, secondary transfer roll P19 and other related elements constitute transfer section, and the image that described transfer section is used for forming on the part of developing is transferred to recording medium, with the transferred image that forms thereon.
Similarly, be not transferred and remain in toner on the intermediate transfer rollers P18 blade P23 that is cleaned and remove after toner image is transferred on the recording medium F5, described cleaning blade P23 is made by urethane rubber etc.
After this, utilize fixation unit as described below (photographic fixing part), will the toner image on the recording medium F5 (transferred image) photographic fixing to it on.
Referring now to Fig. 2 the end of a thread exposed portion P4 is described.Fig. 2 shows the schematic enlarged perspective of the end of a thread exposed portion P4.
According to the end of a thread exposed portion P4, the light-emitting device array P42 with a plurality of organic ELs is installed on the glass plate P43, and in the organic EL each is driven by thin film transistor (TFT) (TFT) P48 that is formed in a similar manner on the glass plate P43.
Refractive index distribution type rod lens array P45 constitutes Focused Optical system, and successively stacked by the refractive index distribution type rod lens P45 ' of the front that is arranged in light-emitting device array P42.
Around the housing P41 stacked coated glass sheets P43, and its side towards photoreceptor P2 is an opening.Like this, light is transmitted into photoreceptor P2 from refractive index distribution type rod lens P45 '.The opposite face of the end face with glass plate P43 of housing P41 is provided with light-absorbing member (coating).
Fig. 3 is the viewgraph of cross-section that the end of a thread exposed portion P4 gets along its sub scanning direction.The end of a thread exposed portion P4 is provided with: be in the light-emitting device array P42 among the housing P41, it has organic EL and is mounted to towards the back of refractive index distribution type rod lens array P45; Containment member P44 is used for sealed light emitting element arrays P42; And opaque lid P46, be used for from the light-emitting device array P42 of the back shield shell P41 of light-emitting device array P42.
In addition, by covering the back side that P46 is pressed to housing P41 by stator spring P47, the inside of housing P41 is with the sealed sealing of lighttight mode.In other words, by stator spring P47, glass plate P43 by optics shielding hermetically in housing P41.
Therefore, by preventing total reflection in the end of glass plate P43, can efficient absorption light.Stator spring P47 is arranged on a plurality of parts longitudinally of housing P41 (it is shown among Fig. 3 and is omitted).
In Fig. 3, light absorbing material, synthetic resin such as black polystyrene for example, the aluminium of handling through Almite etc. is used to comprise the housing P41 of opaque member.In addition, the end face on the thickness direction of the both sides of glass plate P43, in other words, housing P41 with the coating that is coated with black color along the relative face of the end face on thickness direction of sub scanning direction, to improve absorbing properties.
Like this, by using organic EL as light-emitting component, light-emitting component can easily be formed on the glass plate.Therefore, the shape of light-emitting component can be made of arbitrary shape, has therefore realized low-cost manufacturing.In addition, by such the end of a thread exposed portion P4 is set, can provide the insignificant image forming apparatus of deterioration of image in the liquid development unit.
Fig. 4 shows the viewgraph of cross-section that is arranged on according to an example of the non-contact type liquid development unit in the image forming apparatus of the present invention.In such non-contact type liquid development unit, developer roll P13 is provided with charging blade 24, and charging blade 24 is that the phosphor bronze sheet of 0.5mm forms by thickness.
Charging blade 24 has by the contact liq developer layer makes the function that it is charged.In addition, be gravure roll because apply roller P12, so the developer layer that has with the corresponding scrambling of lip-deep scrambling of gravure roll is formed on the developer roll P13.
Charging blade 24 also has the function that makes the scrambling homogenising that is formed on the developer roll P13.The oriented phase of charging blade 24 is in the other direction or is tow direction for the sense of rotation of developer roll.In addition, charging blade 24 can be the form of roller rather than the form of blade.
Preferably, being formed with width between developer roll P13 and photoreceptor P2 is the gap of 200 μ m-800 μ m, and the AC voltage that is superimposed upon on the dc voltage of 200-800V is applied between developer roll P13 and the photoreceptor P2, and described AC voltage has the frequency of Vpp and the 50-3000Hz of 500-3000.Those of other structure of this non-contact type liquid development unit and contact-type liquid development unit shown in Figure 1 are identical.
In front the image that is undertaken by the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 and 4 is formed and be described, wherein used a kind of liquid developer of color.But, need not many speeches, when the color toner that uses multiple color forms image, can form coloured image by using the image of assigning to form each color corresponding to a plurality of liquid developer storage areas and the development section of each color.
Fig. 5 shows the viewgraph of cross-section that is arranged on according to an example of the fixation unit in the image forming apparatus of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 5, fixation unit (photographic fixing part) F40 generally is made up of heat fixing roll F1, backer roll F2, thermal resistance band F3, band take up member F4, cleaning element F6, framework F7, ultraviolet emission device F8 and spring F9.
Heat fixing roll (after this abbreviating " fixing roller " as) F1 has: roller matrix F1b, and it is formed by pipe component; Elastic body F1c, it covers the periphery of roller matrix F1b; And a pair of Halogen lamp LED F1a, it is arranged on the inside of roller matrix F1b.Each Halogen lamp LED F1a has cylindrical shape, and serves as thermal source.Heat fixing roll F1 with said structure can be along being rotated by the counterclockwise shown in the arrow among the figure.
In addition, the backer roll F2 elastic body F2c that has the roller matrix F2b that forms by pipe component and cover the periphery of roller matrix F2b.Backer roll F2 can be along by the rotation clockwise shown in the arrow among the figure.On the outside surface of the elastic body F1c of heat fixing roll F1, be formed with the PFA layer.
Constitute heat fixing roll F1 and backer roll F2 as described above, even the thickness of the elastic body F1c of heat fixing roll F1 is different from the thickness of the elastic body F2c of backer roll F2, basic elastic deformation uniformly still takes place in elastic body F1c and elastic body F2c, sandwiches to form so-called level.In addition, because do not have difference between the travelling speed of the peripheral speed of heat fixing roll F1 and following thermal resistance band F3 or recording medium F5, so can be with stable manner photographic fixing image extremely.
In addition, as mentioned above, in the inside of heat fixing roll F1, be provided with two Halogen lamp LED F1a, F1a, wherein each has cylindrical shape and serves as thermal source.These Halogen lamp LEDs F1a, F1a are respectively arranged with heating element, and these heating elements are arranged in different positions.Utilize such layout, light any one or both among Halogen lamp LED F1a, the F1a by selectivity, can be easily under different conditions (such as, uses wide recording medium or use the situation of narrow recording medium, and/or thermal resistance band F3 sandwiches part that part slidably contacts heated situation or band take up member F4 with heat fixing roll F1 at its place with heated situation at its place around the photographic fixing of heat fixing roll F1) carry out temperature and control.
Backer roll F2 is arranged to towards heat fixing roll F1, makes moulding pressure be applied on the recording medium F5 by thermal resistance band F3, is formed with the toner image of not photographic fixing on described recording medium F5.The recording medium F5 of the toner image by not photographic fixing is arranged on it applies moulding pressure, and iknsulating liquid is penetrated among the recording medium F5 effectively.
Toner image by heating not photographic fixing and as described below to the toner image emission ultraviolet ray of not photographic fixing, ester-exchanged oil that comprises in the iknsulating liquid and fatty-acid monoester can be solidified in recording medium F5 more reliably.As a result, produce above-mentioned grappling effect, thus with toner image F5a photographic fixing more firmly on recording medium F5.
In addition, as mentioned above, the elastic body F2c that backer roll F2 has the roller matrix F2b that is formed by pipe component and covers the periphery of roller matrix F2b.Backer roll F2 can be along by the rotation clockwise shown in the arrow among the figure.
Basic elastic deformation uniformly takes place in the elastic body Flc of heat fixing roll F1 and the elastic body F2c of backer roll F2, sandwiches to form so-called level.In addition, because do not have difference between the travelling speed of the peripheral speed of heat fixing roll F1 and following thermal resistance band F3 or recording medium F5, so can be with stable manner photographic fixing image extremely.
Thermal resistance band F3 is annular endless belt, and it makes it can remain under pressured state between the heat fixing roll F1ization backer roll F2 and move simultaneously around the periphery of backer roll F2 and band take up member F4.
Thermal resistance band F3 is that 0.03mm or thicker solid drawn tube form by thickness.In addition, this solid drawn tube has double-layer structure, and wherein, its surface (surface that it contacts with recording medium F5) formed by PFA, and its opposite surfaces (that is, itself and backer roll F2 and the surface of being with take up member F4 to contact) is formed by polyimide.
But the structure of thermal resistance band F3 is not limited to above-mentioned structure, and it can be formed by other material.The example of the pipe that is formed by other material comprises the metal tube such as stainless-steel tube or nickel electric smelting cast tube, such as thermal resistance pitch tube of silicone tubing etc.
The photographic fixing that band take up member F4 is arranged between heat fixing roll F1 and the backer roll F2 sandwiches the upstream side of part along recording medium F5 transporting direction.In addition, band take up member F4 rotatably is arranged to and can moves along arrow R around the turning axle F2a of backer roll F2.
Band take up member F4 is constructed such that at recording medium F5 and does not sandwich by photographic fixing under the state of part that thermal resistance band F3 extends along the tangential tensioning of heat fixing roll F1.When entering initial position photographic fixing pressure that photographic fixing sandwiches part at recording medium F5 when big, there is following situation, recording medium F5 can not successfully enter photographic fixing and sandwich part, and photographic fixing is carried out under the partially folded state of sandwiching of recording medium F5 thus.
But, in this embodiment, as mentioned above, band take up member F4 is configured such that thermal resistance band F3 extends along the tangential tensioning of heat fixing roll F1, formed the lead-in portion that is used for successfully importing recording medium F5, made recording medium F5 to be directed to photographic fixing and sandwich part with stable manner.
Band take up member F4 is roughly semicircular member, is used for guiding slidably thermal resistance band F3 (in other words, thermal resistance band F3 moves on band take up member F4 slidably).Band take up member F4 is installed to the inboard of thermal resistance band F3, to apply tension force with backer roll F2 cooperation thermotropism stopband F3.Band take up member F4 is arranged in as upper/lower positions, and in this position, by forming and sandwich part the part of thermal resistance band F3 being pressed to heat fixing roll F1 on the pressures partially on tangent line L, in described pressurization part office, heat fixing roll F1 is compressed against on the backer roll F2.
Outstanding wall F4a is formed on any side or the both sides that are positioned at its end surfaces on axially of band take up member F4.Outstanding wall F4a is set at thermal resistance band F3 and is partial under the situation of any side by not deviating to a side against restriction thermal resistance band F3 with it.
In addition, spring F9 be set at framework and outstanding wall F4a between the end of a side opposite, pressing slightly on the heat fixing roll F1 with the outstanding wall F4a of take up member F4 with heat fixing roll F1.Like this, band take up member F4 is to locate with respect to heat fixing roll F1 with the heat fixing roll F1 way of contact slidably.
The position that band take up member F4 slightly presses heat fixing roll F1 is set to and sandwiches reference position, and the backer roll F2 position of pressing heat fixing roll F1 is set to and sandwiches final position.
Line pressure for recording medium F5 is strong sandwiching on the final position, and promptly backer roll F2 is preferably 500g/cm or lower by force for the line pressure of recording medium F5, and more preferably 300g/cm or lower.Even line pressure is set to above-mentioned lower scope by force, the liquid developer of the application of the invention, toner particle also can be by photographic fixing securely to recording medium F5.In addition, by line pressure is set at lower scope by force, can use low electric power to drive heat fixing roll F1 and backer roll F2.This can reduce to be used to drive the energy of fixation unit (image forming apparatus).
In fixation unit F40, the recording medium F5 that utilizes above-mentioned liquid development unit to form the toner image F5a of not photographic fixing on it enters photographic fixing and sandwiches part from sandwiching reference position, between thermal resistance band F3 and heat fixing roll F1, pass through then, discharge from sandwiching final position then, like this, be formed on the toner image F5a of the not photographic fixing on the recording medium F5 by photographic fixing.After this, form the recording medium 2 of toner image on it towards the tangential L output of backer roll F2 to the pressures partially of heat fixing roll F1.
Ultraviolet emission device F8 has the ultraviolet function of surface emitting to the recording medium F5 that exports as mentioned above, and wherein, toner image F5a is formed on the described surface.Therefore, by be formed on the toner image F5a of the not photographic fixing on the recording medium F5 by power heat fixing roll F1 heating, ultraviolet to the toner image F5a of not photographic fixing emission from ultraviolet emission device F8 then, the ester-exchanged oil and the fatty-acid monoester that penetrate in the recording medium can be by oxidation and polymerizations (oxidative polymerization) reliably.
As a result, because ester-exchanged oil that solidifies and fatty-acid monoester produce above-mentioned grappling effect, make that toner particle can be by photographic fixing securely on recording medium.By utilizing following oxidative polymerization, toner particle can be by photographic fixing securely on recording medium, and need not heat toner image under very high temperature by heat fixing roll F1.
Cleaning element F6 is arranged between backer roll F2 and the band take up member F4.Cleaning element F6 is set for by the inside surface of thermal contact resistance band F3 slidably and cleans foreign matter or wear debris on the inside surface of thermal resistance band F3.
By cleaning foreign matter and wear debris by this way, can upgrade thermal resistance band F3, to eliminate above-mentioned labile factor for friction factor.In addition, band take up member F4 is formed with recessed portion F4f, and this recessed portion F4f is preferred for collecting foreign matter or the wear debris of being eliminated from thermal resistance band F3.
For under the state that twines backer roll F2 and band take up member F4 at thermal resistance band F3 by backer roll F2 stabilized driving thermal resistance band F3, the friction factor between backer roll F2 and the thermal resistance band F3 is set to greater than the friction factor between band take up member F4 and the thermal resistance band F3.
But, there is following situation, promptly, owing to entering foreign matter between thermal resistance band F3 and the backer roll F2 or between thermal resistance band F3 and band take up member F4, perhaps owing to the wearing and tearing of the compression section between thermal resistance band F3 and backer roll F2 or the band take up member F4, these frictions absorb and become unstable.
Therefore, thermal resistance band F3 is set to the winding angle with respect to backer roll F2 less than thermal resistance band F3 with respect to the winding angle of band take up member F4, and the diameter of band take up member F4 is set to the diameter less than backer roll F2.
Utilize such structure, the distance that thermal resistance band F3 moves on band take up member F4 shortens, and makes because the labile factor that deterioration in time and disturbance cause can be avoided or reduce.As a result, can drive thermal resistance band F3 by backer roll F2 with stable manner.
Toner particle sandwiches the required time of part (in other words, sandwiching the time) by photographic fixing and is preferably 0.02-0.2 second, more preferably 0.03-0.1 second.Even toner particle sandwiches the required time of part by photographic fixing and is set to above-mentioned short time range, the liquid developer of the application of the invention, toner particle still by photographic fixing fully to recording medium F5.This makes can be with higher speed print image.
Be used for photographic fixing not the temperature of the toner image of photographic fixing be preferably 80-200 ℃, and more preferably 80-180 ℃.In the time of in fixing temperature is in above-mentioned scope, above-mentioned antioxidant can easily be decomposed.As a result, can more effectively increase the fixing strength of toner particle.
In addition, in the time of in fixing temperature is in above-mentioned scope, can carry out the oxidative polymerization (curing reaction) of ester-exchanged oil and fatty-acid monoester effectively.When comprising the oxidative polymerization accelerator in liquid developer, such trend shows clearly.
In addition, by fixing temperature being set at above-mentioned scope, the deterioration of pigment and resin material (resin Composition) can be suppressed.As a result, can obtain to have the toner image of desired picture quality reliably.Especially form under the situation of image at the toner particle that uses multiple color, can obtain to have the toner image of the toner of desired color reliably.
The present invention has been described based on preferred embodiment in the front, but the invention is not restricted to these embodiment.In addition, liquid developer of the present invention is not limited to be used for the liquid developer of above-mentioned image forming apparatus.
Example
＜1〉production of liquid developer
Example 1
The production of toner particle
At first, prepare vibrin (its softening point T of 80 parts of weight fBe 99 ℃, its molecular weight is 7500), and the green pigment of 20 parts of weight (" Pigment Blue 15:3 " is by Dainichiseika Color ﹠amp; Chemicals Mfg.Co., Ltd. produces) as colorant.Use the Henschel mixer of 20L to mix these components, obtain to be used to produce the material of toner particle.
Then, utilize the twin shaft kneading extruder to mediate material (potpourri).Being cooled that port extrudes of extruding from the twin shaft kneading extruder through mediating material.Use the hammer-mill corase grind above-mentioned cooled off through mediating material, so that it is formed into the powder (through abrasive substance) with 1.0mm or littler average particle size.
Then, the toluene of 250 parts of weight is added in the rough material through mediating of 100 parts of weight, uses ultrasonic homogenizer (output: 400 μ A) it is carried out handling in 1 hour, be dissolved in wherein solution to obtain vibrin through mediating material then.In this solution, the pigment quilt is fine dispersion equably.
In addition, the neopelex of 1 part of weight is mixed with the water through ion-exchange of 700 parts of weight as spreading agent, to obtain water fluid.Stir water fluid with homogenizing mixer (producing), stir number of times simultaneously and be conditioned by PRIMIXCorporation.
Above-mentioned solution (in other words, through mediating the toluene solution of material) is splashed in the water fluid, stirs simultaneously, to obtain water-base emulsion, wherein, by average particle size be the dispersion homogeneous phase formed of the particle of 3.0 μ m be dispersed in this water-base emulsion.
After this, be that 100 ℃ and ambient pressure are that the condition of 80kPa is gone down except that the toluene in the water-base emulsion in temperature, then with its cool to room temperature, obtain the solid fine particle thus and be dispersed in wherein water base suspending liquid.In the water base suspending liquid that obtains like this, there is not residual toluene substantially.
The concentration of the solid constituent of the water base suspending liquid that obtains like this (dispersion) is 30.5wt%.In addition, the average particle size that is dispersed in the particle of the dispersion (solid fine particle) in the suspending liquid is 1.4 μ m.
Use laser diffraction/scatter-type particle size distribution measuring equipment (" LA-920 " produced by HORIBA Ltd.) to average the measurement of particle size.
By the dry suspending liquid that obtains like this of spray drying process.As a result, dispersion medium is removed from the liquid of the water base suspending liquid that ejects, obtains dry toner particle thus.
The preparation of iknsulating liquid
Prepare iknsulating liquid as described below.
At first, prepare the soybean oil (" soybean refined oil " of 120 parts of weight, by The NisshinOilliO Group, Ltd. produce, and its iodine number is 120), and the rapeseed oil of 90 parts of weight (by The Nisshin OilliO Group, Ltd. produces, and its iodine number is 100) is as semi-drying oil.
Then, these oil are mixed, under reduced pressure fully dry then.Then, the sodium methide of 1.2 parts of weight joins in the potpourri of drying as catalyzer, and will contain mixture of catalysts 100 ℃ of following stirrings 1 hour, makes the ester exchange reaction of soybean oil and rapeseed oil carry out.
The liquid filtering that will obtain by ester exchange reaction to remove catalyzer, carries out drying by hypobaric drying method then, obtains the ester-exchanged oil as iknsulating liquid thus.
At this, the resistivity of the iknsulating liquid that obtains like this under room temperature (20 ℃) is 2.0 * 10 13Ω cm.In addition, the iodine number of the iknsulating liquid that is obtained is 111.
Encapsulated
Prepare in the following manner through encapsulated oxidative polymerization accelerator.
At first, the zinc octoate of 10g is dissolved in the acetone of 15ml as the oxidative polymerization accelerator, and absorbs the solution that obtains like this, obtain core body thus by porous hydrophilic silica gel.Then, polyglycol (PEG) heating and mixing with such core body that obtains of 10g and 20g obtain its potpourri thus.
After this, potpourri is placed in the solvent (" AF6 " produced by NIPPONMITSUBISH OIL CORPORATION) of 400ml, and it is well dispersed in the solvent, then it is progressively cooled off, make PEG precipitate with the homogenizing mixer.Then, remove solvent, obtain thus through encapsulated oxidative polymerization accelerator by filter element.
The dispersion of toner particle and oxidative polymerization accelerator
Iknsulating liquid with such acquisition of 505 parts of weight, the chlorination dodecyl trimethyl ammonium of 1 part of weight is as surfactant, 1.25 part weight through encapsulated oxidative polymerization accelerator (wherein, the amount of oxidative polymerization accelerator is 1 part of weight), and the toner particle of 75 parts of weight mixes, use homogenizing mixer (producing) to stir then 10 minutes, obtain liquid developer thus by PRIMIX Corporation.
In the liquid developer that is obtained, the average particle size of toner particle is 1.4 μ m, and the leveled circular sphericity of toner particle is 0.96 μ m.
Example 2-5
In in example 2-5 each, with example 1 in identical mode produce liquid developer, difference is that the amount of soybean oil and rapeseed oil is changed into the amount shown in the table 1.
Example 6
In example 6, with example 1 in identical mode produce liquid developer, difference is, use sunflower oil (" high-oleic sunflower oil ", by Showa Sangyo Co., Ltd. produces, and its iodine number is 90) as semi-drying oil, rather than use rapeseed oil.
Example 7
In example 7, with with example 1 in identical mode produce liquid developer, difference is, use safflower oil (" high-oleic safflower oil ", by The Nisshin OilliO Group, Ltd. produce, and its iodine number is 110) as semi-drying oil, rather than use rapeseed oil.
Example 8
In example 8, with example 1 in identical mode produce liquid developer, difference is, uses olive oil (by The Nisshin OilliO Group, Ltd. produces, and its iodine number is 80) as non-drying oil, rather than uses rapeseed oil.
Example 9-12
In in example 9-12 each, with example 8 in identical mode produce liquid developer, difference is that the amount of soybean oil and olive oil is changed into the amount shown in the table 1.
Example 13
In example 13, with example 8 in identical mode produce liquid developer, difference is, uses castor oil (by Kokura Synthetic Industries, Ltd. produces, and its iodine number is 85) as non-drying oil, rather than uses olive oil.
Example 14
In example 14, with example 8 in identical mode produce liquid developer, difference is, uses peanut oil (by The Nisshin OilliO Group, Ltd. produces, and its iodine number is 87) as non-drying oil, rather than uses olive oil.
Comparison example 1
In comparison example 1, with example 1 in identical mode produce liquid developer, difference is, uses ISOPER G as iknsulating liquid.
Comparison example 2
In comparison example 2, with example 1 in identical mode produce liquid developer, difference is, uses the iknsulating liquid of being made up of soybean oil.
Comparison example 3
In comparison example 3, with example 1 in identical mode produce liquid developer, difference is that the ester exchange reaction of soybean oil and rapeseed oil is omitted, and the potpourri that uses soybean oil and rapeseed oil is as iknsulating liquid.
Comparison example 4
In comparison example 4, with example 8 in identical mode produce liquid developer, difference is that the ester exchange reaction of soybean oil and olive oil is omitted, and the potpourri that uses soybean oil and olive oil is as iknsulating liquid.
For the liquid developer of example 1-14 and comparison example 1-4, the component of each in the iknsulating liquid and the type that is used for the oil of ester exchange reaction are shown in following table 1.
Table 1
Iknsulating liquid
The oil that is used for ester exchange reaction Iodine number
Drying oil Semi-drying oil/non-drying oil
The kind of oil Consumption [weight portion] Iodine number I 1 The kind of oil Oil classification Consumption [weight portion] Iodine number I 2
Example 1 Soybean oil 120 120 Rapeseed oil Semi-drying oil 90 100 111
Example 2 Soybean oil 90 120 Rapeseed oil Semi-drying oil 120 100 109
Example 3 Soybean oil 60 120 Rapeseed oil Semi-drying oil 150 100 106
Example 4 Soybean oil 150 120 Rapeseed oil Semi-drying oil 60 100 114
Example 5 Soybean oil 180 120 Rapeseed oil Semi-drying oil 30 100 117
Example 6 Soybean oil 120 120 Sunflower oil Semi-drying oil 90 90 107
Example 7 Soybean oil 120 120 Safflower oil Semi-drying oil 90 110 116
Example 8 Soybean oil 120 120 Olive oil Non-drying oil 90 80 103
Example 9 Soybean oil 90 120 Olive oil Non-drying oil 120 80 97
Example 10 Soybean oil 60 120 Olive oil Non-drying oil 150 80 91
Example 11 Soybean oil 150 120 Olive oil Non-drying oil 60 80 109
Example 12 Soybean oil 180 120 Olive oil Non-drying oil 30 80 114
Example 13 Soybean oil 120 120 Castor oil Non-drying oil 90 85 105
Example 14 Soybean oil 120 120 Peanut oil Non-drying oil 90 87 106
Comparison example 1 - - - - - - - -
Comparison example 2 - - - - - - - 120
Comparison example 3 - - - - - - - 111
Comparison example 4 - - - - - - - 103
＜2〉review
For the various liquid developers of being produced as mentioned above, estimate fixing strength and storage stability.
＜2.1〉fixing strength
The liquid developer of producing among example 1-14 and the comparison example 1-4 is placed liquid development unit shown in Figure 1 respectively, the toner image of photographic fixing is not formed on recording medium (" JPaper " then, by Fuji Xerox Office Supply Co., Ltd. produces) on.
Then, utilize fixation unit as shown in Figure 5 to incite somebody to action the toner image of not photographic fixing on recording medium.At this, fixation unit comprises heat fixing roll and backer roll.In addition, heat fixing roll has the releasing layer of the periphery of the cored bar that formed by pipe component and cover tape plug.
Cored bar is formed by aluminium, has the external diameter of φ 30mm, the length of 240mm, the thickness of 1mm.In addition, releasing layer is formed by tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer (PFA), and has the thickness of 30 μ m.And backer roll is formed by the heat cure silicone rubber, and has the external diameter of φ 30mm, the length of 240mm and the thickness of 7mm.
In addition, Halogen lamp LED is set in the heat fixing roll as thermal source.Halogen lamp LED has the radiating portion length of 240mm, the total length of 292mm and the power of 850W.Backer roll is to the crimp force of heat fixing roll and sandwich width and be set as 4kg and about 8mm respectively.
Fixing temperature is set as 180 ℃, and fixation unit is set as 30/minute for the travelling speed of recording medium.In addition, (its power is 100W/cm to high-pressure sodium lamp 2) be used as the ultraviolet emission device.Distance between high-pressure sodium lamp and the recording medium is set as 2cm.
Utilize sand eraser (" LION 261-11 " produced by LION OFFICE PRODUCTSCORP.) with 1.0kgf/cm 2Pressure load to twice of the fusing toner image wiping on each recording medium.Then, measure the remaining rate of image color on each recording medium by colorimeter (" X-Rite model 404 ", by X-RiteIncorporated produce), and according to 5 following standard evaluation measurement results.
AA: the remaining rate of image color is 95% or higher
A: the remaining rate of image color is 90% or higher, but is lower than 95%
B: the remaining rate of image color is 80% or higher, but is lower than 90%
C: the remaining rate of image color is 70% or higher, but is lower than 80%
D: the remaining rate of image color is lower than 70%
＜2.2〉storage stability
The liquid developer that will obtain in example 1-14 and comparison example 1-4 places under the atmosphere, under 35 ℃ temperature and 65% the relative humidity 6 months.After this, the situation of visualization liquid developer, and by 5 following standard evaluation observationss.
AA: the viscosity of at all not observing liquid developer increases and change color
A: the viscosity of not observing liquid developer substantially increases and change color
B: the viscosity of observing liquid developer slightly increases and change color, but this variation is not in-problem degree when using liquid developer
C: the viscosity of clearly observing liquid developer increases and change color
D: the viscosity of observing liquid developer significantly increases and change color
These results are shown in following table 2.
Table 2
Fixing strength Storage stability
The remaining rate [%] of image color Estimate
Example 1 96 AA AA
Example 2 92 A AA
Example 3 92 A AA
Example 4 95 AA A
Example 5 97 AA A
Example 6 96 AA AA
Example 7 98 AA AA
Example 8 95 AA AA
Example 9 91 A AA
Example 10 86 B AA
Example 11 95 AA AA
Example 12 96 AA AA
Example 13 96 AA AA
Example 14 98 AA AA
Comparison example 1 60 D B
Comparison example 2 87 B D
Comparison example 3 82 B C
Fixing strength Storage stability
The remaining rate [%] of image color Estimate
Comparison example 4 73 C C
As shown in table 2, have excellent fixing strength and excellent storage stability according to liquid developer of the present invention (liquid developer of example 1-14 in other words).On the contrary, in the liquid developer of comparison example 1-4, can not obtain gratifying result.
In addition, the fixing temperature of fixation unit is changed and is made as respectively 160 ℃, 140 ℃, 120 ℃, 100 ℃ and 80 ℃, and for the various liquid developers of in example and comparison example, producing, to estimate fixing strength with identical as mentioned above mode.As a result, can obtain essentially identical result.
These results show that liquid developer of the present invention is applicable to the situation that toner particle carries out at low temperatures to the photographic fixing on the recording medium.In addition, these results show that the temperature range that can suitablely carry out photographic fixing is very wide.
In addition, fixation unit is made as 40/minute, 50/minute and 60/minute respectively to the travelling speed of recording medium, replacing 30/minute, and for the various liquid developers of in example and comparison example, producing, to estimate fixing strength with identical as mentioned above mode.As a result, can obtain essentially identical result.These results show that liquid developer of the present invention is applicable to the situation of flying print.
In addition, produce and those above-mentioned identical liquid developers, difference is to use Pigment red 122, Pigment yellow 180 and carbon black (" Printex L ", produce by DegussaAG) as colorant, with the pigment of replacement based on cyanogen, and mode same as described above is estimated it.As a result, can obtain essentially identical result.
＜3〉production of liquid developer
Example 15
The production of toner particle
At first, prepare vibrin (its softening point T of 80 parts of weight fBe 99 ℃, its molecular weight is 7500), and the green pigment of 20 parts of weight (" Pigment Blue 15:3 " is by Dainichiseika Color ﹠amp; Chemicals Mfg.Co., Ltd. produces) as colorant.Use the Henschel mixer of 20L to mix these components, obtain to be used to produce the material of toner particle.
Then, utilize the twin shaft kneading extruder to mediate material (potpourri).Being cooled that port extrudes of extruding from the twin shaft kneading extruder through mediating material.Use the hammer-mill corase grind above-mentioned cooled off through mediating material, so that it is formed into the powder (through abrasive substance) with 1.0mm or littler average particle size.
Then, the toluene of 250 parts of weight is added in the rough material through mediating of 100 parts of weight, uses ultrasonic homogenizer (output: 400 μ A) it is carried out handling in 1 hour, be dissolved in wherein solution to obtain vibrin through mediating material then.In this solution, the pigment quilt is fine dispersion equably.
In addition, the neopelex of 1 part of weight is mixed with the water through ion-exchange of 700 parts of weight as spreading agent, to obtain water fluid.Stir water fluid with homogenizing mixer (producing), stir number of times simultaneously and be conditioned by PRIMIXCorporation.
Above-mentioned solution (in other words, through mediating the toluene solution of material) is splashed in the water fluid, stirs simultaneously, to obtain water-base emulsion, wherein, by average particle size be the dispersion homogeneous phase formed of the particle of 3.0 μ m be dispersed in this water-base emulsion.
After this, be that 100 ℃ and ambient pressure are that the condition of 80kPa is gone down except that the toluene in the water-base emulsion in temperature, then with its cool to room temperature, obtain the solid fine particle thus and be dispersed in wherein water base suspending liquid.In the water base suspending liquid that obtains like this, there is not residual toluene substantially.
The concentration of the solid constituent of the water base suspending liquid that obtains like this (dispersion) is 30.5wt%.In addition, the average particle size that is dispersed in the particle of the dispersion (solid fine particle) in the suspending liquid is 1.4 μ m.
Use laser diffraction/scatter-type particle size distribution measuring equipment (" LA-920 " produced by HORIBA Ltd.) to average the measurement of particle size.
By the dry suspending liquid that obtains like this of spray drying process.As a result, dispersion medium is removed from the liquid of the water base suspending liquid that ejects, obtains dry toner particle thus.
The preparation of iknsulating liquid
Prepare the ester-exchanged oil and the fatty-acid monoester that comprise in the iknsulating liquid as described below.
The preparation of ester-exchanged oil
At first, prepare the soybean oil (" soybean refined oil " of 120 parts of weight, by The NisshinOilliO Group, Ltd. produce, and its iodine number is 120), and the rapeseed oil of 90 parts of weight (by The Nisshin OilliO Group, Ltd. produces, and its iodine number is 100) is as semi-drying oil.
Then, these oil are mixed, under reduced pressure fully dry then.Then, the sodium methide of 1.2 parts of weight joins in the potpourri of drying as catalyzer, and will contain mixture of catalysts 100 ℃ of following stirrings 1 hour, makes the ester exchange reaction of soybean oil and rapeseed oil carry out.
The liquid filtering that will obtain by ester exchange reaction to remove catalyzer, carries out drying by hypobaric drying method then, obtains as ester-exchanged oil thus.
The preparation of fatty-acid monoester
Then, (" soybean refined oil " is by The Nisshin OilliO Group to carry out soybean oil, Ltd. produce, and its iodine number is 120) and the ester exchange reaction of methyl alcohol, remove the glycerine that reaction thus produces then, obtain the liquid of mainly forming thus by fatty-acid monoester.After this, by this liquid of further refining, obtain 99.9wt% or the higher fatty-acid monoester that contains methyl soyate.
The fatty-acid monoester of Huo Deing is mainly by forming such as the unsaturated fat acid monoester of methyl oleate, methyl linoleate, linoleic acid α-methyl esters etc. with such as the saturated fat acid monoester of methyl hexadecanoate, methyl stearate etc. like this.The amount of the unsaturated fat acid monoester that comprises in fatty-acid monoester is 84wt%.
The ester-exchanged oil of 150 parts of weight and the fatty-acid monoester of 60 parts of weight are mixed, to obtain iknsulating liquid.At this, the resistivity of the iknsulating liquid that obtains like this under room temperature (20 ℃) is 8.5 * 10 12Ω cm.In addition, the iodine number of the iknsulating liquid that is obtained is 114.
Encapsulated
Prepare in the following manner through encapsulated oxidative polymerization accelerator.
At first, the zinc octoate of 10g is dissolved in the acetone of 15ml as the oxidative polymerization accelerator, and absorbs the solution that obtains like this, obtain core body thus by porous hydrophilic silica gel.Then, polyglycol (PEG) heating and mixing with such core body that obtains of 10g and 20g obtain its potpourri thus.
After this, potpourri is placed in the solvent (" AF6 " produced by NIPPONMITSUBISH OIL CORPORATION) of 400ml, and it is well dispersed in the solvent, then it is progressively cooled off, make PEG precipitate with the homogenizing mixer.Then, remove solvent, obtain thus through encapsulated oxidative polymerization accelerator by filter element.
The dispersion of toner particle and oxidative polymerization accelerator
Iknsulating liquid with such acquisition of 505 parts of weight, the chlorination dodecyl trimethyl ammonium of 1 part of weight is as surfactant, 1.25 part weight through encapsulated oxidative polymerization accelerator (wherein, the amount of oxidative polymerization accelerator is 1 part of weight), 1.5 the dibutyl hydroxy toluene of part weight is as antioxidant, and the mixing of the toner particle of 75 parts of weight, use homogenizing mixer (producing) to stir then 10 minutes by PRIMIX Corporation, obtain liquid developer thus.
In the liquid developer that is obtained, the average particle size of toner particle is 1.4 μ m, and the leveled circular sphericity of toner particle is 0.96 μ m.
Example 16
In example 16, with example 15 in identical mode produce liquid developer, difference is, the ester-exchanged oil of 202 parts of weight and the fatty-acid monoester of 8 parts of weight are mixed to obtain iknsulating liquid.
Example 17
In example 17, with example 15 in identical mode produce liquid developer, difference is, the ester-exchanged oil of 195 parts of weight and the fatty-acid monoester of 15 parts of weight are mixed to obtain iknsulating liquid.
Example 18
In example 18, with example 15 in identical mode produce liquid developer, difference is, the ester-exchanged oil of 170 parts of weight and the fatty-acid monoester of 40 parts of weight are mixed to obtain iknsulating liquid.
Example 19
In example 19, with example 15 in identical mode produce liquid developer, difference is, the ester-exchanged oil of 125 parts of weight and the fatty-acid monoester of 85 parts of weight are mixed to obtain iknsulating liquid.
Example 20
In example 20, with example 15 in identical mode produce liquid developer, difference is, the ester-exchanged oil of 100 parts of weight and the fatty-acid monoester of 120 parts of weight are mixed to obtain iknsulating liquid.
Example 21
When the preparation fatty-acid monoester, carry out safflower oil (" high-oleic safflower oil; by The Nisshin OilliO Group; Ltd. produces; and its iodine number is 110) and the ester exchange reaction of methyl alcohol; remove the glycerine that reaction thus produces then, obtain the main liquid of forming by fatty-acid monoester thus.After this, by this liquid of further refining, obtain 99.9wt% or the higher fatty-acid monoester that contains the safflower oil fatty acid methyl ester.
In this example 21, with example 15 in identical mode produce liquid developer, difference is, uses the safflower oil fatty acid methyl ester that obtains like this as fatty-acid monoester, rather than uses methyl soyate.
Example 22
When the preparation fatty-acid monoester, carry out the ester exchange reaction of rapeseed oil (by The Nisshin OilliO Group, Ltd. produces, and its iodine number is 100) and methyl alcohol, remove the glycerine that reaction thus produces then, obtain the liquid of mainly forming thus by fatty-acid monoester.After this, by this liquid of further refining, obtain the fatty-acid monoester of 99.9wt% or higher oil-containing rapeseed oil fatty acid methyl esters.
In this example 22, with example 15 in identical mode produce liquid developer, difference is, uses the safflower oil fatty acid methyl ester that obtains like this as fatty-acid monoester, rather than uses methyl soyate.
Example 23
When the preparation fatty-acid monoester, carry out the ester exchange reaction of olive oil (by The Nisshin OilliO Group, Ltd. produces, and its iodine number is 80) and methyl alcohol, remove the glycerine that reaction thus produces then, obtain the liquid of mainly forming thus by fatty-acid monoester.After this, by this liquid of further refining, obtain 99.9wt% or the higher fatty-acid monoester that contains the olive oil fatty acid methyl ester.
In this example 23, with example 15 in identical mode produce liquid developer, difference is, uses the olive oil fatty acid methyl ester that obtains like this as fatty-acid monoester, rather than uses methyl soyate.
Real row 24
When the preparation fatty-acid monoester, carry out the ester exchange reaction of soybean oil and ethanol, remove the glycerine that reaction thus produces then, obtain the liquid of mainly forming thus by fatty-acid monoester.After this, by this liquid of further refining, obtain 99.9wt% or the higher fatty-acid monoester that contains the soya fatty acid ethyl ester.
In this example 24, with example 15 in identical mode produce liquid developer, difference is, uses the soya fatty acid ethyl ester that obtains like this as fatty-acid monoester, rather than uses methyl soyate.
Example 25
When the preparation fatty-acid monoester, carry out the ester exchange reaction of soybean oil and isobutyl alcohol, remove the glycerine that reaction thus produces then, obtain the liquid of mainly forming thus by fatty-acid monoester.After this, by this liquid of further refining, obtain 99.9wt% or the higher fatty-acid monoester that contains the soya fatty acid isobutyl ester.
In this example 25, with example 15 in identical mode produce liquid developer, difference is, uses the soya fatty acid isobutyl ester that obtains like this as fatty-acid monoester, rather than uses methyl soyate.
Example 26
When the preparation fatty-acid monoester, carry out the ester exchange reaction of soybean oil and butanols, remove the glycerine that reaction thus produces then, obtain the liquid of mainly forming thus by fatty-acid monoester.After this, by this liquid of further refining, obtain 99.9wt% or the higher fatty-acid monoester that contains the soya fatty acid butyl ester.
In this example 26, with example 15 in identical mode produce liquid developer, difference is, uses the soya fatty acid butyl ester that obtains like this as fatty-acid monoester, rather than uses methyl soyate.
Example 27-30
In in example 27-30 each, with example 15 in identical mode produce liquid developer, difference is, is used for the soybean oil of ester exchange reaction and the amount of rapeseed oil and is changed into the amount shown in the table 3.
Example 31
In example 31, with with example 15 in identical mode produce liquid developer, difference is, by using sunflower oil (" high-oleic sunflower oil ", by Showa SangyoCo., Ltd. produces, and its iodine number is 90) as semi-drying oil, rather than the use rapeseed oil, prepare ester-exchanged oil.
Example 32
In example 32, with with example 15 in identical mode produce liquid developer, difference is, by using safflower oil (" high-oleic safflower oil ", by The Nisshin OilliOGroup, Ltd. produces, and its iodine number is 110) as semi-drying oil, rather than the use rapeseed oil, prepare ester-exchanged oil.
Example 33
In example 33, with example 15 in identical mode produce liquid developer, difference is, by using olive oil (by The Nisshin OilliO Group, Ltd. produces, and its iodine number is 80) as non-drying oil, rather than the use rapeseed oil, prepare ester-exchanged oil.
Example 34
In example 34, with example 15 in identical mode produce liquid developer, difference is, by using castor oil (by Kokura Synthetic Industries, Ltd. produces, and its iodine number is 85) as non-drying oil, rather than the use rapeseed oil, prepare ester-exchanged oil.
Example 35
In example 35, with example 15 in identical mode produce liquid developer, difference is, by using peanut oil (by The Nisshin OilliO Group, Ltd. produces, and its iodine number is 87) as non-drying oil, rather than the use rapeseed oil, prepare ester-exchanged oil.
Example 36
In example 36, with example 15 in identical mode produce liquid developer, difference is that vitamin C is used as antioxidant, rather than uses dibutyl hydroxy toluene.
Example 37
In example 37, with example 15 in identical mode produce liquid developer, difference is that vitamin E is used as antioxidant, rather than uses dibutyl hydroxy toluene.
Comparison example 5
In comparison example 5, with example 15 in identical mode produce liquid developer, difference is, uses ISOPER G as iknsulating liquid.
Comparison example 6
In comparison example 6, with example 15 in identical mode produce liquid developer, difference is, uses the iknsulating liquid of being made up of soybean oil.
Comparison example 7
In comparison example 7, with with example 15 in identical mode produce liquid developer, difference is that the ester exchange reaction of soybean oil and rapeseed oil is omitted, and the potpourri of rapeseed oil that uses the soybean oil of 120 parts of weight and 90 parts of weight is as iknsulating liquid.
Comparison example 8
In comparison example 8, with with example 15 in identical mode produce liquid developer, difference is that the ester exchange reaction of soybean oil and olive oil is omitted, and the potpourri of olive oil that uses the soybean oil of 120 parts of weight and 90 parts of weight is as iknsulating liquid.
Comparison example 9
In comparison example 9, with with example 15 in identical mode produce liquid developer, difference is, the ester exchange reaction of soybean oil and rapeseed oil is omitted, and use the soybean oil of 85 parts of weight, the potpourri of the methyl soyate of the rapeseed oil of 65 parts of weight and 60 parts of weight is as iknsulating liquid.
Comparison example 10
In comparison example 10, with with example 15 in identical mode produce liquid developer, difference is, the ester exchange reaction of soybean oil and olive oil is omitted, and use the soybean oil of 85 parts of weight, the potpourri of the methyl soyate of the olive oil of 65 parts of weight and 60 parts of weight is as iknsulating liquid.
Comparison example 11
In comparison example 11, with example 15 in identical mode produce liquid developer, difference is, uses the iknsulating liquid of being made up of methyl soyate.
For the liquid developer of example 15-37 and comparison example 5-11, the component of each in the iknsulating liquid and the type that is used for the oil of ester exchange reaction are shown in following table 3.At this, the vegetable oil of the not process ester exchange reaction of using in comparison example 6-10 is shown in the hurdle of " ester-exchanged oil ".
Table 3
Iknsulating liquid
Ester-exchanged oil Fatty-acid monoester Iodine number
Drying oil Semi-drying oil/non-drying oil Transesterification Consumption (Wt%) The kind of oil Consumption (Wt%) Unsaturated fat ester (Wt%) Iodine number I 3
The kind of oil Consumption (Wt%) Iodine number I 1 The kind of oil Oil classification Consumption (Wt%) Iodine number I 2
Example 15 Soybean oil 41.0 120 Rapeseed oil Semi-drying oil 30.5 100 Be 71.4 Methyl soyate 28.6 84 120 114
Example 16 Soybean oil 54.8 120 Rapeseed oil Semi-drying oil 41.4 100 Be 96.2 Methyl soyate 3.8 84 120 112
Example 17 Soybean oil 52.9 120 Rapeseed oil Semi-drying oil 40.0 100 Be 92.9 Methyl soyate 7.1 84 120 112
Example 18 Soybean oil 46.2 120 Rapeseed oil Semi-drying oil 34.8 100 Be 81.0 Methyl soyate 19.0 84 120 113
Example 19 Soybean oil 33.8 120 Rapeseed oil Semi-drying oil 25.7 100 Be 59.5 Methyl soyate 40.5 84 120 115
Example 20 Soybean oil 24.3 120 Rapeseed oil Semi-drying oil 18.6 100 Be 42.9 Methyl soyate 57.1 84 120 116
Example 21 Soybean oil 41.0 120 Rapeseed oil Semi-drying oil 30.5 100 Be 71.4 The safflower oil fatty acid methyl ester 28.6 82 110 111
Example 22 Soybean oil 41.0 120 Rapeseed oil Semi-drying oil 30.5 100 Be 71.4 The rapeseed oil fatty acid methyl ester 28.6 91 100 108
Example 23 Soybean by 41.0 120 Rapeseed oil Semi-drying oil 30.5 100 Be 71.4 The olive oil fatty acid methyl ester 28.6 85 80 102
Example 24 Soybean oil 41.0 120 Rapeseed oil Semi-drying oil 30.5 100 Be 71.4 The soya fatty acid ethyl ester 28.6 84 118 113
Example 25 Soybean oil 41.0 120 Rapeseed oil Semi-drying oil 30.5 100 Be 71.4 The soya fatty acid isobutyl ester 28.6 84 114 112
Example 26 Soybean oil 41.0 120 Rapeseed oil Semi-drying oil 30.5 100 Be 71.4 The soya fatty acid butyl ester 28.6 84 114 112
Example 27 Soybean oil 10.0 120 Rapeseed oil Semi-drying oil 61.4 100 Be 71.4 Methyl soyate 28.6 84 120 108
Example 28 Soybean oil 20.5 120 Rapeseed oil Semi-drying oil 51.0 100 Be 71.4 Methyl soyate 28.6 84 120 110
Example 29 Soybean oil 51.0 120 Rapeseed oil Semi-drying oil 20.5 100 Be 71.4 Methyl soyate 28.6 84 120 116
Example 30 Soybean oil 61.4 120 Rapeseed oil Semi-drying oil 10.0 100 Be 71.4 Methyl soyate 28.6 84 120 118
Example 31 Soybean oil 41.0 120 Sunflower oil Semi-drying oil 30.5 90 Be 71.4 Methyl soyate 28.6 84 120 111
Example 32 Soybean oil 41.0 120 Safflower oil Semi-drying oil 30.5 110 Be 71.4 Methyl soyate 28.6 84 120 117
Example 33 Soybean oil 41.0 120 Olive oil Non-drying oil 30.5 80 Be 71.4 Methyl soyate 28.6 84 120 108
Example 34 Soybean oil 41.0 120 Castor oil Non-drying oil 30.5 85 Be 71.4 Methyl soyate 28.6 84 120 109
Example 35 Soybean oil 41.0 120 Peanut oil Non-drying oil 30.5 87 Be 71.4 Methyl soyate 28.6 84 120 112
Example 36 Soybean oil 41.0 120 Rapeseed oil Semi-drying oil 30.5 100 Be 71.4 Methyl soyate 28.6 84 120 114
Example 37 Soybean oil 41.0 120 Rapeseed oil Semi-drying oil 30.5 100 Be 71.4 Methyl soyate 28.6 84 120 114
Comparison example 5 - - - - - - - - 0 - - - - -
Comparison example 6 Soybean oil 100 120 - - - - - 100 - - - - 120
Comparison example 7 Soybean oil 57.1 120 Rapeseed oil Semi-drying oil 42.9 100 No 100 - - - - 111
Comparison example 8 Soybean oil 57.1 120 Olive oil Non-drying oil 42.9 80 No 100 - - - - 103
Comparison example 9 Soybean oil 41.0 120 Rapeseed oil Semi-drying oil 30.5 100 No 71.4 Methyl soyate 28.6 84 120 114
Comparison example 10 Soybean oil 41.0 120 Olive oil Non-drying oil 30.5 80 No 71.4 Methyl soyate 28.6 84 120 108
Comparison example 11 - - - - - - - - 0 Methyl soyate 100.0 84 120 120
＜4〉review
For the various liquid developers of being produced as mentioned above, estimate fixing strength and storage stability.
＜4.1〉fixing strength
The liquid developer of producing among example 15-37 and the comparison example 5-11 is placed liquid development unit shown in Figure 1 respectively, the toner image of photographic fixing is not formed on recording medium (" JPaper " then, by Fuji Xerox Office Supply Co., Ltd. produces) on.
Then, utilize fixation unit as shown in Figure 5 to incite somebody to action the toner image of not photographic fixing on recording medium.At this, fixation unit comprises heat fixing roll and backer roll.In addition, heat fixing roll has the releasing layer of the periphery of the cored bar that formed by pipe component and cover tape plug.
Cored bar is formed by aluminium, has the external diameter of φ 30mm, the length of 240mm, the thickness of 1mm.In addition, releasing layer is formed by tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer (PFA), and has the thickness of 30 μ m.And backer roll is formed by the heat cure silicone rubber, and has the external diameter of φ 30mm, the length of 240mm and the thickness of 7mm.
In addition, Halogen lamp LED is set in the heat fixing roll as thermal source.Halogen lamp LED has the radiating portion length of 240mm, the total length of 292mm and the power of 850W.Backer roll is to the crimp force of heat fixing roll and sandwich width and be set as 4kg and about 8mm respectively.
Fixing temperature is set as 160 ℃, and fixation unit is set as 30/minute for the travelling speed of recording medium.In addition, (its power is 100W/cm to high-pressure sodium lamp 2) be used as the ultraviolet emission device.Distance between high-pressure sodium lamp and the recording medium is set as 2cm.
Utilize sand eraser (" LION 261-11 " produced by LION OFFICE PRODUCTSCORP.) with 1.3kgf/cm 2Pressure load to twice of the fusing toner image wiping on each recording medium.Then, measure the remaining rate of image color on each recording medium by colorimeter (" X-Rite model 404 ", by X-RiteIncorporated produce), and according to 5 following standard evaluation measurement results.
AA: the remaining rate of image color is 95% or higher
A: the remaining rate of image color is 90% or higher, but is lower than 95%
B: the remaining rate of image color is 80% or higher, but is lower than 90%
C: the remaining rate of image color is 70% or higher, but is lower than 80%
D: the remaining rate of image color is lower than 70%
＜4.2〉storage stability
The liquid developer that will obtain in example 15-37 and comparison example 5-11 places under the atmosphere, under 35 ℃ temperature and 65% the relative humidity 6 months.After this, the situation of visualization liquid developer, and by 5 following standard evaluation observationss.
AA: the viscosity of at all not observing liquid developer increases and change color
A: the viscosity of not observing liquid developer substantially increases and change color
B: the viscosity of observing liquid developer slightly increases and change color, but this variation is not in-problem degree when using liquid developer
C: the viscosity of clearly observing liquid developer increases and change color
D: the viscosity of observing liquid developer significantly increases and change color
＜4.3〉since with contacting of iknsulating liquid to the influence of the parts of liquid development unit
Preparation is arranged in the liquid development unit shown in Fig. 1 and the parts that contact with liquid developer.These parts are immersed in each liquid developer of being produced among example 15-37 and the comparison example 5-11, are 20-28 ℃ following 6 months of atmosphere with liquid developer with such state temperature that is placed in one then.
After this, the surface of each parts of visualization, and by 4 following standard evaluation observationss.At this, should be noted that the developer roll that will be formed by nitrile rubber carries out this evaluation test as parts.
Near A: do not observe parts surface swelling or corrosion.
Near B: do not observe parts surface swelling or corrosion substantially.
Near C: observe parts surface swelling or corrosion slightly.
Near D: clearly observe parts surface swelling or corrosion.
These results are shown in following table 4.
Table 4
Fixing strength Storage stability The submergence test evaluation of the parts of liquid development unit
The remaining rate [%] of image color Estimate
Example 15 96 AA AA A
Example 16 89 B AA A
Example 17 92 A AA A
Example 18 94 A AA A
Example 19 97 AA AA A
Example 20 98 AA A B
Example 21 94 A AA A
Example 22 96 AA AA A
Example 23 95 AA AA A
Example 24 95 AA AA A
Example 25 94 A AA A
Example 26 96 AA AA A
Fixing strength Storage stability The submergence test evaluation of the parts of liquid development unit
The remaining rate [%] of image color Estimate
Example 27 90 A AA A
Example 28 91 A AA A
Example 29 96 AA A A
Example 30 95 AA A A
Example 31 94 A AA A
Example 32 93 A AA A
Example 33 95 AA AA A
Example 34 94 A AA A
Example 35 95 AA AA A
Example 36 95 AA A A
Example 37 96 AA A A
Comparison example 5 50 D B B
Comparison example 6 76 C D A
Comparison example 7 73 C C A
Comparison example 8 58 D C A
Comparison example 9 84 B D A
Comparison example 10 76 C D A
Comparison example 1 96 AA D D
As shown in table 4, have excellent fixing strength and excellent storage stability according to liquid developer of the present invention (in other words, each of example 15-37 all contains the liquid developer of fatty-acid monoester).On the contrary, in the liquid developer of comparison example 5-11, can not obtain gratifying result.
In addition, though fixing strength evaluation test＜4.1〉than fixing strength evaluation test＜2.1〉carry out under the stricter condition, the liquid developer that comprises fatty-acid monoester of example 15-37 has especially excellent fixing strength.
In addition, the fixing temperature of fixation unit is changed and is made as respectively 180 ℃, 140 ℃, 120 ℃, 100 ℃ and 80 ℃, and for the various liquid developers of in example and comparison example, producing, to estimate fixing strength with identical as mentioned above mode.As a result, can obtain essentially identical result.
These results show that liquid developer of the present invention is applicable to the situation that toner particle carries out at low temperatures to the photographic fixing on the recording medium.In addition, these results show that the temperature range that can suitablely carry out photographic fixing is very wide.
In addition, fixation unit is made as 40/minute, 50/minute and 60/minute respectively to the travelling speed of recording medium, replacing 30/minute, and for the various liquid developers of in example and comparison example, producing, to estimate fixing strength with identical as mentioned above mode.As a result, can obtain essentially identical result.These results show that liquid developer of the present invention is applicable to the situation of flying print.
In addition, produce and those above-mentioned identical liquid developers, difference is to use Pigment red 122, Pigment yellow 180 and carbon black (" Printex L ", produce by DegussaAG) as colorant, with the pigment of replacement based on cyanogen, and mode same as described above is estimated it.As a result, can obtain essentially identical result.
In the same manner as described above, use various liquid developer of the present invention to print two point character.As a result, can print distinct character.
At last, should be noted that the invention is not restricted to the embodiments described and example, and under the situation of the spirit that does not depart from claims of the present invention and limited, can carry out many interpolations and modification.
Cross-reference to related applications
The application requires the right of priority of Japanese patent application No.2006-050891 that submitted on February 27th, 2006 and the Japanese patent application No.2006-314883 that submitted on November 21st, 2006, and these two applications are contained in this by quoting in full.

Claims (9)

1. liquid developer comprises:
Toner particle, described toner particle is formed by resin material and colorant; With
Iknsulating liquid; Wherein, Described toner particle is dispersed in the described iknsulating liquid; Described iknsulating liquid comprises ester-exchanged oil; Described ester-exchanged oil obtains by the ester exchange reaction one of at least of soybean oil and semi-drying oil and nondrying oil; Described semi-drying oil comprises the unsaturated fat acid constituents and has 90 or higher but be lower than 120 iodine number; Described nondrying oil comprises the unsaturated fat acid constituents and has and is lower than 90 iodine number; The amount of the described fatty-acid monoester that comprises in the described iknsulating liquid is 5wt%-50wt%
Wherein, when the amount of the described ester-exchanged oil that in the described iknsulating liquid of X (wt%) expression, comprises, the amount of the described fatty-acid monoester that comprises in the described iknsulating liquid of Y (wt%) expression, satisfy the relation of 1.0≤X/Y≤5.0,
When comprising described semi-drying oil in the described iknsulating liquid, be by weight 100 in the mixing ratio of soybean oil described in the described ester exchange reaction and described semi-drying oil: 5-100: 500, and/or
When comprising described non-drying oil in the described iknsulating liquid, be by weight 100 in the mixing ratio of soybean oil described in the described ester exchange reaction and described non-drying oil: 5-100: 300.
2. liquid developer as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described fatty-acid monoester comprises fatty acid and has the ester of the alkylol of 1-4 carbon atom.
3. liquid developer as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described semi-drying oil comprises sunflower oil, rapeseed oil or safflower oil.
4. liquid developer as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described non-drying oil comprises olive oil, castor oil or peanut oil.
5. liquid developer as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the iodine number of described iknsulating liquid is 30-220.
6. liquid developer as claimed in claim 1 also comprises antioxidant.
7. liquid developer as claimed in claim 1 also comprises the oxidative polymerization accelerator of the oxidative polymerization that is used to quicken described ester-exchanged oil.
8. liquid developer as claimed in claim 7, wherein, described oxidative polymerization accelerator is included in the described iknsulating liquid under by encapsulated situation.
9. image forming apparatus comprises:
The liquid developer storage area is used for storage of liquids developer therein;
The development part is used to use the described liquid developer from the supply of described liquid developer storage area to come developed image;
Transfer section, the described image that is used for forming on the described part of developing is transferred to recording medium, to form the image through transfer printing thereon; With
Photographic fixing part, the described image fixing through transfer printing that is used for forming on described recording medium be to described recording medium,
Wherein, Described liquid developer comprises iknsulating liquid and the toner particle that is dispersed in the described iknsulating liquid; Described iknsulating liquid comprises ester-exchanged oil; Described ester-exchanged oil obtains by the ester exchange reaction one of at least of soybean oil and semi-drying oil and nondrying oil; Described semi-drying oil comprises the unsaturated fat acid constituents and has 90 or higher but be lower than 120 iodine number; Described nondrying oil comprises the unsaturated fat acid constituents and has and is lower than 90 iodine number; The amount of the described fatty-acid monoester that comprises in the described iknsulating liquid is 5wt%-50wt%
Wherein, when the amount of the described ester-exchanged oil that in the described iknsulating liquid of X (wt%) expression, comprises, the amount of the described fatty-acid monoester that comprises in the described iknsulating liquid of Y (wt%) expression, satisfy the relation of 1.0≤X/Y≤5.0,
When comprising described semi-drying oil in the iknsulating liquid, be by weight 100 in the mixing ratio of soybean oil described in the described ester exchange reaction and described semi-drying oil: 5-100: 500, and/or
When comprising described non-drying oil in the iknsulating liquid, be by weight 100 in the mixing ratio of soybean oil described in the described ester exchange reaction and described non-drying oil: 5-100: 300.
CN2007100799480A 2006-02-27 2007-02-27 Liquid developer and image forming apparatus Expired - Fee Related CN101030052B (en)

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JP2006-050891 2006-02-27
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JP2006314883A JP2008129363A (en) 2006-11-21 2006-11-21 Liquid developer and image forming apparatus
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JP5636958B2 (en) * 2010-12-29 2014-12-10 富士ゼロックス株式会社 Liquid developer, developer cartridge, image forming method, and image forming apparatus
US9523938B2 (en) * 2012-10-17 2016-12-20 Toyo Ink Sc Holdings Co., Ltd. Polymeric dispersant for liquid developer, liquid developer, and printed matter
JP2014163986A (en) * 2013-02-21 2014-09-08 Konica Minolta Inc Liquid developer
JP2014163985A (en) * 2013-02-21 2014-09-08 Konica Minolta Inc Liquid developer
JP6677002B2 (en) * 2016-02-16 2020-04-08 富士ゼロックス株式会社 Liquid developer supply device, developing device, and image forming device
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