CN101029466A - Planar crossing with large-proportional through-capacity improvement - Google Patents

Abstract

A plane crossing design is of at least one more driveway near the crossing at each intersection than traditional design which has the same numbers of driveways. This design makes the crossing work like an accelerate cushion. With the new design, the passing rate at the crossing can be increased by 40% to 100%.

Description

But vast scale improves the grade crossing of traffic volume

Technical field:

The present invention relates to the grade crossing of signal lamp control.Be associated with the increase of urban road network flow.

Background technology:

Grade crossing mainly comprises the crossroad, forks in the road such as T type or Y type, double-T shaped crossing, five crossings and five intersections that cross more than the crossing.Grade crossing mainly by the passage that turns round between motor vehicle track, the crossing road, the track, outlet Accreditation Waiting Area and the track, inlet region at each crossing, also has formations such as zebra stripes, bicycle track, sidewalk, point duty island.On each track of Accreditation Waiting Area, the mark of regulation vehicle heading is arranged.

For a long time, the track quantity of discrepancy intersection is following " waiting the track " Design Mode that equates with road amount track quantity always.Watch various countries' urban road with Google Earth software,, pass the road of intersection, all the constant belt of image width degree except intersecting the occupancy expansion of the passage that turns round between the road.Motor vehicle increases sharply, " average speed per hour of arterial highway, Beijing has only half before 10 years ".The crossing of traffic lights control has become a succession of bottleneck of the most frequent experience retardance of wagon flow, and current flow is influenced deeply, and traffic congestion has been the city common fault.

Summary of the invention:

The object of the invention: improve the traffic volume of intersection with prompt method vast scale, improve the flow and the average speed of road network thus.

In setting up Mathematical Modeling, quantitative research, find that the road utilization factor is quite low to road network.The connotation of this coefficient comprises: because the red light retardance adds the average speed drop, vehicle is in idling mode in the most of the time.The intersection of two waveband green light structure, even unimpeded, the road utilization factor is often less than 20%, the intersection of " waiting the track " pattern has further reduced the current flow of road.[annotate 1, " two waveband green light ": with the crossroad is example, aspectant two crossings, and greensignal light has two types, and two wave bands are respectively arranged.The first kind: first ripple green light that branch turns round about having clearance two-way and the second ripple green light of letting pass two-way straight.Second type: only the let pass rolling stock at single crossing of the first ripple green light, the vehicle at crossing, opposite then meets with red light; When changing the second ripple green light, state exchanges each other.]。Focus is that road is tending towards saturated, and the intersection becomes bottleneck.

Core of the present invention: the intersection is become the acceleration buffer area of vehicle flowrate increase-volume,, " spurt " at a high speed and go out the wagon flow that a ripple one ripple can be expired lanes then as the picture pulsed motor.Thoroughly overturn the attribute that the intersection is a bottleneck thus.Measure is, the width of intersection is widened in the part, increases track more than 1 section or 1 section [below be referred to as " adding seat " track] at the relevant crossing of intersection.Road should not wait the theory of width also can apply to other places of road network system, such as the pool station of vehicle.

Picture and text of the present invention are followed right lateral system rule.This paper will turn round smoothly, and promptly curved all being called for a short time of turning right in the right lateral system turns round, and curved all being called greatly of will turning left turns round.So, can make description that the contradiction that two kinds of standards take place on direction does not take place.When the present invention was used for left lateral system road network, each figure will make mirror image processing.As: Figure 12 does to become Figure 13 after the image copying, promptly can be used for left lateral system; The part of Fig. 9 becomes Figure 14 after duplicating as mirror, promptly can be used for left lateral system.

Description of drawings:

Fig. 1 is the crossroad of traditional double to 6 tracks [being the 3x2 track].

Fig. 2 is the crossroad in traditional two-way 6 tracks that street-crossing safety island is arranged.

Fig. 3 is the crossroad that two-way 6 tracks " add 3 ".

Fig. 4 is that [dotted outline figure] amplified in the part of idling mode motor vehicle.

Fig. 5 is that amplify the part of transport condition motor vehicle.

Fig. 6 is among the embodiment 1, the situation schematic diagram that the second class green light is let pass.

Fig. 7 is the crossroad that has two-way 6 tracks of safety island " to add 2 ".

Fig. 8 is the crossroad that two-way 6 tracks " double ".

Fig. 9 is the T type fork in the road that two-way 6 tracks " double ".

Figure 10 crossroad that to be the two-way 4 track roads back that " adds 1 " cross after " adding 2 " with two-way 6 track roads.

Figure 11 is the crossroad that has two-way 8 tracks of safety island " to add 3 ".

Figure 12 is the crossroad that two-way 10 tracks " add 3 ".

Figure 13 is the image copying figure of Figure 12.

Figure 14 is the image copying figure of Fig. 9 part.

Figure 15 is the intersection that existing two-way 6 tracks six tunnel cross.

Figure 16 is six tunnel intersections that two-way 6 tracks " add [(3+2) X2=10] ".

Label declaration:

1 dotted ellipse [quantity in chain and road unidirectional specified (motor vehicle) track]; 2 dotted ellipse [whole (motor vehicle) track of chain and outlet area]; 3 broken circles [whole tracks of chain and inlet region]; The line of demarcation line of 4 two-way lanes; 5 zebra stripes; 6 point duty islands; The flat ellipse of 7 dotted lines [4 of two-way craspedodrome bursts of wagon flows among chain and Fig. 1]; 8 (crossing the street) safety island; 9 dashed boundary line [after the intersection widens, the boundary line of widened section.]; 10 dotted ellipse [6 of two-way craspedodrome bursts of wagon flows among chain and Fig. 3]; One wagon flow that also may increase among 11 Fig. 6; The mark in 12 permissions or the craspedodrome or the track of turning round for a short time; The 2nd burst of wagon flow that also may increase among 13 Fig. 6; 14 can add the passage and the zone of quick tune; 15 dotted ellipse [4 bursts of wagon flows among chain and Fig. 7]; 16 dotted ellipse [9 bursts of wagon flows among chain and Fig. 8]; 17 dotted ellipse [the medium and small 3 bursts of wagon flows of turning round of chain and Fig. 8]; 18 broken circles [the medium and small 3 bursts of wagon flows of turning round of chain and Fig. 9]; 19 dotted ellipse [6 bursts of wagon flows among chain and Fig. 9]; 20 frame of broken lines [image is done to become Figure 14 after the image copying in the frame]; Highway section, two-way 4 track among 21 Figure 10; 22 dotted ellipse [turn round the greatly track and the direct lane in chain and exit, Figure 10 southern side]; 23 safety islands (Figure 10); 24 tracks (Figure 10) of turning round for a short time; 25 safety islands (Figure 10); 26 dotted ellipse [can enter the wagon flow at crossing, southern side among chain and Figure 10]; 27 dotted ellipse [6 bursts of wagon flows of keeping straight on and turning round greatly among chain and Figure 11]; 28 dotted ellipse [6 bursts of wagon flows that among chain and Figure 11 keep straight in face-to-face crossing]; 29 dotted ellipse [10 bursts of wagon flows among chain and Figure 12]; 30 dotted ellipse [6 bursts of wagon flows among chain and Figure 12]; Compass among each figure of N.

Other adds 4 sections explanations:

Provide Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 for ease of the comparison of embodiment.Among each figure, the line of demarcation [replacing yellow double solid line] of thick dashed line 4 expression two-way lanes; The line of demarcation in different tracks is represented in double dot dash line; Fine line is represented the boundary line in the former track of road; Chain-dotted line represents to pass the track of intersection.The present invention has accompanied each other the intersection wide, and for ease of comparison, each schemes the boundary line that with dashed lines is all drawn widened section, with label 9.In addition, owing to do not influence the elaboration of theme, nonmotorized vehicle lane and sidewalk have all been omitted among each figure.

Fig. 1 is traditional two-way 6[3 * 2] crossroad in track.The direction of traffic mark is arranged on the track.The quantity in dotted ellipse 1 chain and the unidirectional specified track of road [the specified track quantity of 4 both sides, two-way lane line of demarcation equates, thus only therein a side add dotted ellipse 1.], the unidirectional specified track quantity of this figure is 3, two-wayly has 6 tracks.The outlet area at crossing has 4 tracks, is reached by dotted ellipse 2 chains, and there are 2 tracks the inlet region, is reached by broken circle 3 chains; (4+2=3 * 2) i.e. simple relation of ([2]+[3])=([1] * 2) is quantitatively arranged.This crossroad also comprises zebra stripes 5, and formation such as point duty island 6.

Fig. 2 is the crossroad in traditional two-way 6 tracks that street-crossing safety island is arranged.For a short time the track of turning round at crossing all has only 1, and pedestrian and bicycle pass and enter safety island 8 after it and waited for the street.The red light that turns round is not for a short time often established in this crossroad.

Among Fig. 1, when east-west direction is let pass, there are 4 direct lanes [2 * 2] current, reach by dotted ellipse 7 chains, and the capacity of road are 6 tracks, have " reception " track quantity and the unmatched problem of " output " track quantity.The crossroad of Fig. 2 also exists track, inlet region quantity and the unmatched problem of outlet area track quantity.One side vehicle of intersection is crowded, and opposite side but has track more than needed; Not matching is the existing ubiquitous gene staging error in intersection.

Further set forth below in conjunction with embodiment.

The specific embodiment

Embodiment 1: Fig. 3 is the crossroad that two-way 6 tracks of the present invention " add 3 ".The structure at 4 crossings is identical, and for reducing map sheet, part has been omitted a crossing.Omit gimmick and also be used for other embodiment.Accreditation Waiting Area at each crossing has all increased by 3 sections " adding seat " tracks.Like this, after road stretches into the crossroad, be increased to 9 tracks.The length in track can equal the length of Accreditation Waiting Area " to add seat ".Long " adding seat ", the raising of more favourable road network flow; The crossing that distance between the intersection is long, longer " adding seat " more helps the increase of flow.Hereinafter, the intersection in 3 sections " adding seat " tracks of every increase all belongs to " adding 3 " scheme; In like manner, " add n " and just belong to " adding n " scheme.

Use the formation of car mould among Fig. 3 and intuitively express running status.The dolly of dotted outline is represented the vehicle [referring to Fig. 4 of part amplification] of dead ship condition; The vehicle of transport condition is referring to Fig. 5 of part amplification.

Contrast Fig. 3, each inlet has 3 tracks, equals the unidirectional specified track of road, keeps straight on and waits for 3 in track, turns round greatly and waits for 2 in track, turns round for a short time and waits for 1 in track.Compared to Figure 1, the quantity of splitting wagon flow is increased to 6 strands [dotted ellipse 10 chains reach], track quantity recruitment 50%, and vehicle flowrate also may increase by 50%, helps reducing the length of vehicle queue in the respective stretch, and is favourable to the overall situation.In addition, when vehicle was not arranged single-line battle array, the length of vehicle square formation can reduce 2/3rds in the Accreditation Waiting Area, meaned that this square formation vehicle spends the time on boundary and can shorten 67%, and being equivalent to other red lights can close in advance, and system benefits for the 2nd time.Therefore, the actual amplification of flow might be greater than 50%.Take turns to the left and right vehicle that turns round when letting pass, positive effect is also arranged.

The crossroad of embodiment 1 uses the situation of the second class two waveband green light referring to Fig. 6.When if the pedestrian at crossing, north side crosses zebra stripes, crossing, east side clearance vehicle, the craspedodrome wagon flow has 3 strands; The wagon flow of turning round greatly has 2 strands, and together with crossing, the west side wagon flow of coming out 1 strand to turn round for a short time, the inlet wagon flow at west, two crossings, south all reaches 3, means that the road of this both direction can " full track " operation.Add come out 1 strand the wagon flow of turning round for a short time of crossing, southern side, east, west, south one have 7 bursts of wagon flows.And corresponding Fig. 1 can only have 5 bursts of wagon flows, and the quantity in the labour track among Fig. 3 has increased by 40%." full track " can improve flow.

Another kind of situation, [when concentrating the clearance pedestrian, the motor vehicle at each crossing all stops if " concentrate and let pass " implemented to the pedestrian that will go across the road in the crossroad.]。In the green light period of above-mentioned wave band, the crossing, east side can increase one wagon flow 11 of turning round for a short time.Further again, a sidecar road in the direct lane, the mark 12 that can make travel direction can keep straight on into and also can turn round, like this, the crossing, north side can also increase the 2nd burst of wagon flow 13 of turning round for a short time and enter.The time that this helps reducing the corresponding vehicle queuing, help the gain of the self adaptation and the system effectiveness of system.Moreover, because the crossing enlarges, just can set up the bigger tune passage 14 of turning radius in the region, center of intersection, this measure also can be used for other embodiment.Tune turning radius among Fig. 6 can reach 7.8 meters, and more vehicle is able to fast speeds and finishes tune.In the more intersection of quantity, specified track, the tune turning radius is bigger.

In addition, when carrying out " concentrate and let pass ", the inlet region increases by 1 " adding seat " track again, and better effect will be arranged.

Embodiment 2: Fig. 7 is the crossroad that the present invention has two-way 6 tracks of safety island " to add 2 ".2 " adding seat " tracks have been increased than Fig. 2.All there are 6 tracks [disregarding the track of turning round] at crossing between per 2 adjacent safety islands 8; There are 4 [2 * 2] tracks each Accreditation Waiting Area, and there are 2 tracks each inlet region.The medium and small flow that turns round of Fig. 7 is the same with Fig. 2, but the quantity in the track of keeping straight on and turn round has greatly all increased by one times: the craspedodrome at the crossing, east side of letting pass at the same time reaches when turning round vehicle greatly, has the wagon flow in 4 tracks to leave, dotted ellipse 15 chains and this 4 bursts of wagon flows.The related side to road [half of east side, half of west side, half of southern side] realize " full track " operation, thereby obvious augmented flow.

Embodiment 3: Fig. 8 is the crossroad that two-way 6 tracks of the present invention " double ".The track quantity at each crossing doubles 6 * 2=12.At each crossing, the track quantity of each travel direction comprises the track quantity of Way in, all equals the unidirectional specified track quantity of road.When let pass entirely in the crossing, east side, the inlet of corresponding north, west, 3 directions in south can " full track " operation, totally 9 bursts of wagon flows [being that 16 chains of dotted ellipse reach].Simultaneously, the inlet in east side can be expired the adjacent 3 bursts of wagon flows of turning round for a short time of track reception [for dotted ellipse 17 chains reach].Road can reach 75% in the ratio of labour area.

Embodiment 4: Fig. 9 is the T type fork in the road that two-way 6 tracks " double ".The track quantity at three crossings all reaches 12 tracks.When let pass entirely in the crossing, southern side, track acceptance can be expired from adjacent 3 bursts of wagon flows of turning round for a short time in its inlet region, for 18 chains of broken circle reach.All the other 2 crossings can be expired the track and be accepted 3 * 2=6 thigh wagon flow, dotted ellipse 19 chains and this 6 bursts of wagon flows of leaving in the southern side.Road can reach 83.3%[(6+6+3 in the ratio of labour area)/(6+6+6)].

The fork in the road of other types, such as Y type fork in the road, feature is similar to the T type all, is not repeated in this description.

The interval that frame of broken lines 20 is surrounded sees below about the explanation of Figure 14.

For the very high road network of road saturation ratio, the intersection of embodiment 3 and embodiment 4 can become the buffer area of vehicle flowrate dilatation.In the green light period of each ripple, the intersection can both be beneficial to the increase of road network speed and flow at a high speed by increasing the wagon flow of 2 multiple amounts.

" doubling " pattern is most effective pattern, is applicable to the crossroad and the fork in the road of the two-way multilane of other quantity.

Embodiment 5: Figure 10 crossroad that to be two-way 4 tracks [2 * 2] the road back that " adds 1 " cross after " adding 2 " with two-way 6 track roads.Dotted ellipse 21 chains and be positioned at the road in these two-way 4 tracks in southern side increase by 1 " adding seat " track at its crossing; Track and 1 direct lane turn round greatly for 1 in dotted ellipse 22 chains and exit thereof.Other 3 crossings, each increases by 2 " adding seat " tracks.Crossroad southern half side is provided with 2 safety islands 23 and 25.Because the vehicle flowrate in highway section, southern side is less than other crossings, red light is not established in the track 24 of turning round for a short time of safety island 23 sides, to increase the flow that turns round for a short time.Different green light wave bands respectively have 2 bursts of wagon flows to enter the crossing, southern side, and dotted ellipse 26 chains have reached the wagon flow that these two different green light periods enter.For a short time the track of turning round on safety island 25 sides keeps the red control of Denging.Figure 10 scheme can realize the full track turnover of the two-way two-way traffic in southern side, thereby increases flow.

The crossroad that it all is two-way 4 tracks that above-mentioned " adding 1 " scheme can be applicable to 4 crossings.Inlet region at 4 crossings all can increase a track.

The scheme that " adds 1 " also can be used for the crossroad of other two-way multilanes.Particularly, in the regulation of old town road network, be used for the very limited intersection of expanding area, " adding 1 " also can obtain the benefit of many percentage points.

Embodiment 6: Figure 11 is the crossroad that has two-way 8 tracks of safety island " to add 3 ".The track quantity at each crossing is 8+3=11, and red light is not established in the track of turning round for a short time.The direct lane of each Accreditation Waiting Area all is 3 with the track of turning round greatly.Entrance lane between the safety island also is 3.When the 2nd class green light is let pass, dotted ellipse 27 chains and 6 bursts of wagon flows of keeping straight on and turning round greatly.When the 1st class green light was let pass, keep straight in the crossing face-to-face 6 bursts of wagon flows, by dotted ellipse 28 chains and; When turning round about taking turns to, 6 bursts of tracks are arranged also.Road under the corresponding green light can be realized full track operation [comprising the wagon flow of turning round for a short time].The quantity of the craspedodrome and the wagon flow of turning round greatly all increases by 50%.

Embodiment 7: Figure 12 is the crossroad that two-way 10 tracks " add 3 ".Do not establish safety island.The track quantity at each crossing is 10+3=13.All there are 8 tracks each Accreditation Waiting Area, turn round for a short time 2, keeps straight on and what turn round greatly all is 3.

When the 2nd class green light is let pass, when combination is concentrated the control model of letting pass to the pedestrian, 10 bursts of wagon flows in dotted ellipse 29 chains and turnover east side.The east side road is realized the operation of full track.Have 2.5 roads in the labour operation, the motor vehicle of road reaches 62.5% in the ratio of labour area.The quantity in the craspedodrome and the track of turning round has greatly all increased by 50%.

When the 1st class green light was let pass, the wagon flow quantity of crossing craspedodrome had 6 strands face-to-face, by dotted ellipse 30 chains and this 6 bursts of wagon flows; At this moment, the zebra stripes of south, North Road mouth are let pass to the pedestrian.If also take the pedestrian is implemented to concentrate the pattern of letting pass, then also can increase by 8 bursts of wagon flows, have 2.8 roads in the labour operation, road reaches 70% in the ratio of labour area.Thing both sides road all can be realized the operation of full track.The increment of bulk flow will be more some more.

Embodiment 8: Figure 15 is the intersection [background as embodiment 8 compares] that existing two-way 6 tracks six tunnel cross.The intersection that crosses more than 5 road and 5 tunnel, efficient and flow are minimum.During crossing, clearance east side, can only leave 3 bursts of wagon flows, add 4 bursts of wagon flows of turning round for a short time that can also increase, altogether 7 bursts of wagon flows.

Figure 16 is six tunnel intersections that two-way 6 tracks " add [(3+2) * 2=10] ", and [also can at each crossing] increases by 10 " adding seat " tracks at relevant crossing.The implication of [(3+2) * 2=10] is, 3 original tracks of each exit can increase by 2 " adding seat " tracks earlier, makes exit lane be increased to [6-1]=5.If area space allows, these 5 tracks are doubled, make the crossing, east side have 13 tracks [3+10=13].Like this, moving traffic can be increased to 16 strands altogether, is original 228.6%.Obviously be highly advantageous to and be in the road of saturation state.If area space also allows, can also take the scheme of " adding [(3+2) * 3=15] ".

If Figure 16 is two-way 8 tracks, corresponding " addition " can change into " (4+2) * 2=12 " and " (4+2) * 3=18 ".By that analogy, the place that can be used for two-way more multilane.

Embodiment 9: for the intersection that 5 two-way 6 track roads cross, can correspondingly adopt " adding [(3+1) * 2=8] " also can take the scheme of " adding [(3+1) * 3=12] ".Above-mentioned " addition " is suitable for equally.

Figure 13 is the image copying figure of Figure 12, and Figure 14 is the part that frame of broken lines 20 is surrounded among Fig. 9, makes the mirror image figure after the image copying.Doing image copying, is in order to allow Figure 13,14 can be used for " left lateral system ".By Figure 13 and Figure 14, illustrate that the present invention also is applicable to " left lateral system ".

For unidirectional multilane or contain the intersection of unidirectional multilane, equally can increase the vehicle flowrate of intersection by increasing the approach in " adding seat " track

The range of application of embodiment 1,3,4,7 can expand.

Earlier with embodiment 1, the explanation of deducing is " expansions " how: breed as cell division, if each track all splits into 2 tracks, each motor vehicle all splits into 2 cars, the crossroad that on behalf of two-way 12 tracks, Fig. 3 or Fig. 6 can " add 6 ".In like manner, if all splitting into 3, each car, each track all divides 3 ones, the crossroad that on behalf of two-way 18 tracks, Fig. 3 or Fig. 6 can " add 9 ".

Like this, embodiment 3, and the crossroad that two-way 12 tracks " double " can be deduced in the crossroad that two-way 6 tracks of Fig. 8 " double ", also can deduce into the crossroad that two-way 18 tracks " double "; Embodiment 4, and the fork in the road that two-way 12 tracks " double " can be deduced in the fork in the road that two-way 6 tracks of Fig. 9 " double "; Embodiment 7, and the crossroad that two-way 20 tracks " double " can be deduced in the crossroad that two-way 10 tracks of Figure 12 " double ".

Planning, the construction of the present invention except being used for Xincheng District also is suitable for the transformation of intersection, old town.Have that land used is few, cost saving, instant effect, the superiority such as wide of being benefited.

Claims (10)

1, a kind of grade crossing that signal lamp control is arranged, comprise the fork in the road, double-T shaped crossing, the crossroad, five crossings and five intersections that cross more than the crossing, described grade crossing is mainly by multilane motor vehicle track, the passage that turns round, bicycle track, sidewalk, street-crossing safety island, formations such as the exit lane at zebra stripes, each crossing and entrance lane thereof, it is characterized in that: the width of intersection is widened in the part, increases " adding seat " track more than 1 section or 1 section at the relevant crossing of intersection.

2, according to the said crossroad of claim 1, it is characterized in that: relevant crossing at the parting of the ways increases by 1 section " adding seat " track.

3, the crossroad according to said two-way 6 tracks that safety island arranged of claim 1 " add 3 " is characterized in that: each crossing at the parting of the ways increases by 2 sections " adding seat " tracks.

4, the crossroad according to said two-way 6 tracks of claim 1 " add 3 " is characterized in that: each crossing at the parting of the ways increases by 3 sections " adding seat " tracks.

5, the crossroad according to said two-way 6 tracks of claim 1 " double " is characterized in that: each crossing at the parting of the ways increases by 6 sections " adding seat " tracks.

6, the fork in the road according to said two-way 6 tracks of claim 1 " double " is characterized in that: increase by 6 sections " adding seat " tracks at each crossing of fork in the road.

7, the crossroad according to said two-way 8 tracks that safety island arranged of claim 1 " add 3 " is characterized in that: each crossing at the parting of the ways increases by 3 sections " adding seat " tracks.

8, the crossroad according to said two-way 10 tracks of claim 1 " add 3 " is characterized in that: each crossing at the parting of the ways increases by 3 sections " adding seat " tracks.

9, six tunnel intersections according to said two-way 6 tracks of claim 1 " add 10 " is characterized in that: increase by 10 sections " adding seat " tracks at the relevant crossing of intersection.

10, according to the said intersection of claim 1, it is characterized in that: be provided with tune passage [14] in the region, center of intersection.

Images