CN101027224A - 包装材料 - Google Patents
包装材料 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101027224A CN101027224A CNA2005800288910A CN200580028891A CN101027224A CN 101027224 A CN101027224 A CN 101027224A CN A2005800288910 A CNA2005800288910 A CN A2005800288910A CN 200580028891 A CN200580028891 A CN 200580028891A CN 101027224 A CN101027224 A CN 101027224A
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- starch
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- oxidant
- polyolefin
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- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000003244 pro-oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- -1 talc Chemical compound 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002025 wood fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 240000008564 Boehmeria nivea Species 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000004579 marble Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 241000385250 Epioblasma triquetra Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical group CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000391 smoking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002261 Corn starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008120 corn starch Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940099112 cornstarch Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-M hexadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940049964 oleate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 5
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims 1
- SZINCDDYCOIOJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);octadecanoate Chemical compound [Mn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O SZINCDDYCOIOJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 235000004240 Triticum spelta Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910021532 Calcite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 241001327284 Sorghastrum nutans Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 10
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- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004594 Masterbatch (MB) Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
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- SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N (-)-Nicotine Chemical compound CN1CCC[C@H]1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000003183 Manihot esculenta Species 0.000 description 1
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- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 description 1
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- 244000098338 Triticum aestivum Species 0.000 description 1
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- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005660 hydrophilic surface Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000214 mouth Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960002715 nicotine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nicotine Natural products CN1CCCC1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 210000002706 plastid Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940075065 polyvinyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003856 thermoforming Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08L23/06—Polyethene
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D65/00—Wrappers or flexible covers; Packaging materials of special type or form
- B65D65/38—Packaging materials of special type or form
- B65D65/46—Applications of disintegrable, dissolvable or edible materials
- B65D65/466—Bio- or photodegradable packaging materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/01—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients characterized by their specific function
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/0008—Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
- C08K5/0033—Additives activating the degradation of the macromolecular compound
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/09—Carboxylic acids; Metal salts thereof; Anhydrides thereof
- C08K5/098—Metal salts of carboxylic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L3/00—Compositions of starch, amylose or amylopectin or of their derivatives or degradation products
- C08L3/02—Starch; Degradation products thereof, e.g. dextrin
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/012—Additives improving oxygen scavenging properties
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
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- C08L1/02—Cellulose; Modified cellulose
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
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- C08L23/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
- C08L23/12—Polypropene
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L97/00—Compositions of lignin-containing materials
- C08L97/02—Lignocellulosic material, e.g. wood, straw or bagasse
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y10T428/1348—Cellular material derived from plant or animal source [e.g., wood, cotton, wool, leather, etc.]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种聚烯烃聚合物包装材料,其包含加入的以至少一种选自Mn、Fe、Cu、Co和Ni的金属的盐形式存在的助氧化剂,从而所述聚烯烃含有矿物质形式的填料,如碳酸钙、滑石、碎大理石、白垩、包括它们的纳米颗粒、方解石、硅石、和纳米颗粒粘土,天然纤维形式的填料,例如纤维素纤维、木纤维、粉末状木材或苎麻、斯卑尔脱稻和淀粉。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种由于自破坏而具有有限寿命的聚合物包装材料,所述包装材料基本上由聚烯烃,如聚乙烯和/或聚丙烯制成。
发明背景
烟草工业遭受抨击不仅因为其销售的产品对健康有害,而且因为其消费者散播废弃的包装和产品残留物。
因此,烟制品的包装相当复杂,通常由内衬、外包装以及最外透明保护层组成。
如果将它们弃于自然界,由纸制成的内衬破坏相当快,而通常由聚合物材料制成或涂覆有聚合物材料的外包装和透明层则破坏较慢。香烟难以破坏的另一部分是过滤嘴部分,它可以在自然界中存留很长时间。
在一些国家,特别是在瑞典,口服鼻烟(oral snuffing)的习惯十分普遍。因此,鼻烟装在鼻烟盒中出售,以前的鼻烟盒由硬纸、或厚纸板制成,但如今,这种鼻烟盒由聚烯烃,例如聚丙烯制成。这种鼻烟盒较硬,弃于自然界中很长时间都难以破坏。
而且,现代吸鼻烟使用剂量包装的鼻烟,也就是说,鼻烟以由非织造纤维材料制成的小袋的形式包装和服用,所述非织造纤维材料能够使烟碱提取物渗透进入口腔。然而,“用尽的”鼻烟袋容易吐出,而且也不能容易地由自然界破坏。为了满足提取期间在口腔润湿时的机械耐久性,鼻烟袋由非织造纤维聚合物制备。
因此,大自然与烟制品废弃物之间紧密相连,至少从美学观点来看,所述烟制品废弃物将引起环境问题。这已经、并且将成为烟草工业的问题。
本发明上下文中,烟制品包装材料包括上述香烟包装材料、香烟过滤嘴、鼻烟盒、鼻烟袋、小雪茄包装材料、嚼烟包装材料、烟斗用烟丝包装材料、待卷烟草包装材料、以及雪茄包装材料,但后者不如前者普遍。
大多数聚合物包装材料可以通过以下三种基本方法中的一种或多种进行回收,它们是:材料重复利用、材料的生物降解和将材料用作燃料实现能量回收。
一般,各种包装材料通常被弃于自然界中并引起环境问题,或者,它们作为有机堆肥程序的一部分弃于自然界中。不管怎样,它们通过气象条件(雨、冰、雪、受热和受冷)、通过紫外线辐射、微生物、能够从聚合物和它们的剩余产品获得营养的不同生物、通过机械手段、和其它因素进行生物降解。
如今使用的大多数包装材料,如大量各种各样的食品包装材料重达约20g(不依赖其尺寸大小)。其中包括运送食物及其它家用物品的袋子,食品包装材料如肉用槽(meat trough)、包装膜、袋及其它,花盆及植物盆和花用包装材料(通常为流延聚丙烯膜),蔬菜用包装材料(聚乙烯和流延聚丙烯膜),糖果袋和零食袋。
通常,聚烯烃如聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚醋酸乙烯酯和聚苯乙烯用于制备这些包装材料。这些聚合物可以不同方法制备,包括吹胀或发泡形式以提供用于隔离(冲击或温度)目的的大容积终端产品。
Polymer Degradation and Stability 80(2003)39-43,I.Jakubowicz,“Evaluation of degradability of biodegradablepolyethylene(PE)”公开了含有助氧化剂的聚乙烯膜在氧浓度参数随之变化的三个不同温度下热氧化降解的研究。该文章披露了所述聚烯烃是憎水性烃类聚合物,因而它们抗水解并且不能水-生物降解。作为商品,由于存在抗氧化剂和稳定剂,所述聚烯烃更加抗氧化和抗生物降解。
然而,通过使用助氧化剂添加剂可以使聚烯烃能够氧-生物降解。这种助氧化剂可以基于能够产生具有相似稳定性且其氧化值相差一个单位(例如,Mn2+/Mn3+)的两种金属离子的金属结合物。从而,所述材料在包括大气氧的条件下通过自由基链反应而降解。主要产物是能够在助氧化剂的催化作用下发生热解或光解而导致断链和产生低分子量氧化产物如羧酸、醇、酮和低分子量烃蜡的氢过氧化物。过氧化作用还引起亲水性表面改性;这对能够生物吸收低分子量氧化产物的微生物是有利的。还指出,由于低的氧分压,含助氧化剂的PE的堆肥降解非常缓慢。在50、60和70℃的温度下进行测试。该文章表明,如果假定25℃为使用温度,那么,使用确定的活化能,将达到10000分子量的时间定义为所测试膜材料的计算寿命,结果发现,其中一种材料达到该规定将花费约4.5年,而另一种材料(含有双倍量的助氧化剂)需要约2.5年。
发明概述
本发明涉及一种聚烯烃聚合物包装材料,特别是烟草包装材料,尤其涉及可破坏的聚烯烃烟草包装材料。
发明的详细说明
特别地,本文涉及由聚烯烃制成的包装材料,通过加入助氧化剂使所述聚烯烃(一种或多种)可破坏,当经受生物降解和通常气候条件时提供短的破坏时间。
更特别的是,本发明涉及一种聚烯烃聚合物包装材料,其包括加入的以至少一种选自Mn、Fe、Cu、Co和Ni的金属的盐形式存在的助氧化剂,从而所述聚烯烃含有矿物质形式的填料,例如碳酸钙、滑石、碎大理石、白垩、包括它们的纳米颗粒、方解石、硅石和纳米颗粒粘土,天然纤维形式的填料,例如纤维素纤维、木纤维、粉末状木材或者苎麻、斯卑尔脱稻(rice spelt)和淀粉。
根据优选实施方案,聚烯烃是聚丙烯。
根据优选实施方案,聚烯烃是聚乙烯。
根据优选实施方案,金属盐是羧酸盐。
根据优选实施方案,羧酸盐选自硬脂酸盐、油酸盐、棕榈酸盐或它们的混合物。
根据优选实施方案,所述包装材料是注塑或者热塑的鼻烟盒。
根据优选实施方案,所述包装材料是由非织造纤维材料形成的鼻烟罐。
根据本发明,淀粉也被用作一种填料。淀粉可以是助氧化剂添加剂的1-30wt%和高达聚合物总量的60wt%。其可以是不同类型的淀粉,但通常是已证实在聚烯烃聚合物中具有优异性质的玉米淀粉。所述淀粉也可以预处理和形成热塑化淀粉、塑性淀粉、或甘油和水处理的淀粉。
淀粉是谷类植物的主要化学成分。淀粉形成体转变为糖,导致淀粉以颗粒形式集中存在于谷物中。
玉米是淀粉原料的主要来源(83%),然后是小麦(6%)、马铃薯(6%)、木薯(4%)、和其它作物-主要是稻(1%)。
当使用较少聚合物(聚烯烃)时,淀粉与商品塑料共混产生的产品相比仅使用聚烯烃的产品更加可持续。
淀粉具有热塑性,当天然颗粒在热-机械环境中在溶液(增塑剂)存在下分解时,热塑性将释出。作为这种分解的结果,得到了与塑料具有相似性质的热塑性淀粉(TPS)的均质混合物,其可以通过使用标准塑料成型法加工成型。
在与聚烯烃如PE的混合物中,淀粉分解,而不可生物降解的剩余的PE则不分解。如果将AddiFlex混入到共混物中,PE也将在温度、氧和/或紫外线的参与下开始发生生物降解。
淀粉颗粒的粒度从纳米(nm)尺寸至几百微米(my)。
根据优选实施方案,所述包装材料是香烟包装材料。
根据优选实施方案,所述包装材料产品是香烟过滤嘴。
根据优选实施方案,所述包装材料是可折叠袋形式的吸烟用烟草包装材料。
本发明的一个主要优点是任何包装材料都能够重复利用、生物降解、或通过燃烧实现能量回收。因此,所述包装材料不局限于一种回收方式。
下面将参考实施例对本发明进行详细描述,但不限制于所述实施例。
鼻烟盒由聚丙烯制成,并具有以下典型尺寸(以mm计):
·底0.7-1.0
·注塑拱顶0.6-0.9
·主边缘1.0-1.5
·封接边缘重叠部分0.45-0.65
·盖0.65-0.95
·盖帽(lid cover)0.90-1.35
·连接部分2.00-2.50(盖中的容器,用于储存使用过的鼻烟罐)。
鼻烟罐(袋)聚丙烯(PP)非织造材料,具有以下典型特征:
PP(PP切段纤维(spun fiber)) 69-74(%),(包含色母粒)
AddiFlex(助氧化剂混合物) 6(%)和
碳酸钙(填料),如OMYALENE 25(%)。
典型香烟过滤嘴,由以下组分组成:
聚合物 69-74(%),
AddiFlex(助氧化剂混合物) 6(%)和
碳酸钙,如OMYALENE 25(%)。
作为上述方案的替换方案,可以如下加入木纤维/纤维素:
PP(包含色母粒) 44wt%
AddiFlex 6%(w/w)
OMYALENE 25%(w/w)
木质颗粒(纤维素) 25%(w/w)。
AddiFlex是瑞典Add-X Biotech AB的一个商标。OMYALENE是瑞士Omya AG的一个商标。
另一种组合物如下所示:
PP(包含色母粒) 44wt%
AddiFlex 6%(w/w)
淀粉,热塑化的 50%(w/w)。
AddiFlex是瑞典Add-X Biotech AB的一个商标。OMYALENE是瑞士Omya AG的一个商标。
助氧化剂混合物,上述组合物的AddiFlex,包括以下组分:
wt%
金属盐(例如,Fe、Mn、Co或Cu的羧酸盐) 0.5-15
淀粉 1.0-30
CaCO3 2.0-50
聚合物(PE或者PP) 25-85。
助氧化剂混合物或添加剂可以1-25%的比例与主要的聚合物基料混合,因此,在上述实施例中含有6%的添加剂,金属盐的含量约为0.03%-1%。
为了更好地混合,碳酸钙和淀粉组分可以调理或预配混。木纤维、粉末状木材或纤维素纤维也可以预配混。
更通常地,以下组分可以混入最终混合物:
wt%
CaCO3 10-70
木纤维/纤维素 10-80
淀粉 1-60
聚烯烃 25-85。
淀粉增强了聚合物制品最初的分解。
聚合物,PE和PP,可以通过注塑或热成型来制备鼻烟盒、或纺丝形成用于非织造纤维pod的纤维。
本发明的聚合物材料可以用于任何成型方法,例如注塑、成型模塑、热塑、薄膜流延、吹塑、冷模塑、袋模塑、真空热成型、压塑、缝口模头挤塑或纺丝成型(span forming)。
从下表可以看到:由聚合物、碳酸钙和助氧化剂(金属羧酸盐)组成的聚合物包装材料将很快老化。
筛选实验-PP+Addiflex+Omyalene对分解周期的影响注塑 | ||||||||
配方 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 13 | |||
g/cm3 | ||||||||
聚丙烯 | 0.905 | 97 | 93 | 87 | 63 | 100 | ||
Addiflex | 1.000 | 3 | 7 | 3 | 7 | |||
OMYALENE | 2.160 | 1O | 30 | |||||
混合物的密度 | g/cm3 | 0.91 | 0.91 | 0.96 | 1.10 | 0.91 | ||
最初说明 DIN 单位 样品 DIN 53 455 1:4 | ||||||||
挠曲模量,拉伸,临时 | 527 | ISO | N/mm2 | 1205 | 1297 | 1373 | 1594 | 1257 |
屈服拉伸强度 | 527 | ISO | N/mm2 | 39 | 38 | 36 | 32 | 39 |
屈服伸长率 | 527 | ISO | % | 9 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 9 |
拉伸强度 | 527 | ISO | N/mm2 | 46 | 43 | 40 | 32 | 47 |
伸长百分率 | 527 | ISO | % | 559 | 471 | 480 | 5 | 568 |
断裂拉伸强度 | 527 | ISO | N/mm2 | 45 | 43 | 39 | 28 | 47 |
断裂伸长率 | 527 | ISO | % | 563 | 475 | 483 | 291 | 572 |
80℃、老化8天后的力学性质 | ||||||||
挠曲模量,拉伸(=0.05-0.25%) | 53457 | DIN | N/mm2 | 1336 | 1413 | 1505 | 1584 | 1340 |
屈服拉伸强度 | 527 | ISO | N/mm2 | 42 | 41 | 40 | 32 | 43 |
屈服伸长率 | 527 | ISO | % | 10 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
拉伸强度 | 527 | IS0 | N/mm2 | 42 | 41 | 40 | 32 | 43 |
伸长百分率 | 527 | IS0 | % | 10 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 158 |
断裂拉伸强度 | 527 | ISO | N/mm2 | 29 | 32 | 31 | 27 | 36 |
断裂伸长率 | 527 | ISO | % | 198 | 81 | 75 | 41 | 286 |
从上表可以明显看出:在80℃老化8天将明显改变聚合物的力学性质,但特别地,含有碳酸钙和助氧化剂的聚合物的断裂伸长率和伸长百分率已经发生了显著变化。在热氧化老化后,所述聚合物几乎丧失了其所有的聚合物特性。
本发明的聚合物包装材料不仅经受热氧化降解,而且还经受紫外线辐射降解。上述的一些助氧化剂将由紫外线引发,并在其氧化反应中在紫外线的支持作用下使聚合物分解。
在同时使用纤维素纤维的情况下,老化对力学强度具有更加显著的影响。
明显地,本发明的聚合物包装材料在较高温度下相当迅速地分解,例如那些商业堆肥厂中的温度,其中,40-80℃的温度是相当普遍的。
Claims (16)
1、一种聚烯烃聚合物包装材料,其包含加入的以至少一种选自Mn、Fe、Cu、Co和Ni的金属的盐形式存在的助氧化剂,从而所述聚烯烃含有矿物质形式的填料,如碳酸钙、滑石、碎大理石、白垩、包括它们的纳米颗粒、方解石、硅石、和纳米颗粒粘土,天然纤维形式的填料,例如纤维素纤维、木纤维、粉末状木材或苎麻、斯卑尔脱稻和淀粉。
2、根据权利要求1所述的包装材料,其中聚烯烃是聚丙烯。
3、根据权利要求1所述的包装材料,其中聚烯烃是聚乙烯。
4、根据权利要求1-3中一个或多个权利要求所述的包装材料,其中金属盐是羧酸盐。
5、根据权利要求4所述的包装材料,其中羧酸盐选自硬脂酸盐、油酸盐、棕榈酸盐或它们的混合物。
6、根据前述一个或多个权利要求所述的包装材料,其中包装材料是烟草包装材料。
7、根据权利要求8所述的包装材料,其中包装材料是注塑的鼻烟盒。
8、根据权利要求8所述的包装材料,其中包装材料是由非织造纤维材料形成的鼻烟罐。
9、根据权利要求1所述的包装材料,其中淀粉是玉米淀粉。
10、根据权利要求9所述的包装材料,其中淀粉是热塑化淀粉。
11、根据权利要求1和9-10所述的包装材料,其中包装材料中的淀粉含量高达约60wt%。
12、根据权利要求8所述的包装材料,其中包装材料是香烟包装材料。
13、根据权利要求8所述的包装材料,其中包装材料产品是香烟过滤嘴。
14、根据权利要求8所述的包装材料,其中包装材料是可折叠袋形式的吸烟用烟草包装材料。
15、根据前述一个或多个权利要求所述的包装材料,其中聚合物是聚丙烯,填料是碳酸钙和纤维素纤维,以及助氧化剂是硬脂酸亚铁/铁,其中碳酸钙以高达70wt%的量存在,纤维素纤维以高达80wt%的量存在,以及助氧化剂以0.2-6wt%的量存在,其余部分是聚丙烯聚合物。
16、根据权利要求1-14中一个或多个权利要求所述的包装材料,其中聚合物是聚丙烯,填料是碳酸钙和淀粉,以及助氧化剂是硬脂酸亚铁/铁、和/或硬脂酸锰,其中碳酸钙和淀粉以高达70wt%的量存在,以及助氧化剂以0.2-6wt%的量存在,其余部分是聚丙烯聚合物。
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2004
- 2004-07-19 SE SE0401877A patent/SE530267C3/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
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2005
- 2005-07-06 CN CN2005800288910A patent/CN101027224B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-07-06 WO PCT/SE2005/001117 patent/WO2006009502A1/en active Application Filing
- 2005-07-06 EP EP05757433A patent/EP1773679A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-07-06 BR BRPI0513538-9A patent/BRPI0513538A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2007
- 2007-01-19 US US11/624,756 patent/US7767283B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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CN104995251A (zh) * | 2012-08-24 | 2015-10-21 | 特里斯塔诺私人有限公司 | 包含热塑性淀粉的聚烯烃组合物 |
CN106536616A (zh) * | 2014-06-30 | 2017-03-22 | Sabic环球技术有限责任公司 | 增强的热塑性聚合物组合物 |
CN106536616B (zh) * | 2014-06-30 | 2019-08-27 | Sabic环球技术有限责任公司 | 增强的热塑性聚合物组合物 |
CN106496730A (zh) * | 2016-10-13 | 2017-03-15 | 常德金鹏印务有限公司 | 一种香烟盒及其制造方法 |
CN110214114A (zh) * | 2017-01-20 | 2019-09-06 | 聚合材料有限公司 | 可降解片材 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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SE530267C2 (sv) | 2008-04-15 |
SE0401877D0 (sv) | 2004-07-19 |
EP1773679A4 (en) | 2009-12-30 |
US7767283B2 (en) | 2010-08-03 |
SE0401877L (sv) | 2006-01-20 |
EP1773679A1 (en) | 2007-04-18 |
BRPI0513538A (pt) | 2008-05-06 |
SE530267C3 (sv) | 2008-05-13 |
WO2006009502A1 (en) | 2006-01-26 |
CN101027224B (zh) | 2010-08-04 |
US20070243350A1 (en) | 2007-10-18 |
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