CN101025715A - Power-fail protection method based on two continuous logical blocks for non-volatile memory - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a data power-off protection method, especially relating to a power-off protection method based on two continuous logic blocks in a nonvolatile memory, adding one or more backup blocks in a memory area and on the basis of the original logic block number, adding state flag bit of logic block, and comprising trans-block data power-off safety rewrite course and after-power-on data recovery course. By adding backup blocks, the invention assures the data is uneasy to lose at power off while rewriting multiple data blocks, largely improving data storage reliability and safety, and effectively avoiding frequently erasing some erase block so as to prolong Flash memory service life.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for power fail safeguard of data, relate in particular to a kind of power-off protection method based on two continuous logical blocks in the nonvolatile memory.
Background technology
Along with developing rapidly and widespread use of memory device, need in a large number a kind ofly can to realize repeatedly programming, capacity is big, read and write, wipe quick and easy, simple, the memory device that peripheral components is few, cheap.Flash memory (Flash Memory) storage medium arises at the historic moment under this demand.Flash memory is based on semi-conductive storer, still can keep internal information after having system's power down, and online functional characteristics such as erasable, is a kind of novel storer of alternative EEPROM storage medium.Because its read or write speed is faster than EEPROM, cost is lower under the situation of same capability, therefore the storage card that constitutes with flash memory (Flash storer) at present replaces flexible plastic disc just gradually, and is used for equipment such as portable computer, digital camera, MP3, MP4 player in a large number.
Nonvolatile memory refers to still can effectively preserve memory of data after the power down in the long duration, as EEPROM, and EPROM, Flash etc.Have non-volatile characteristics based on the Flash storer, in its information safety devices of being everlasting as the carrier of firmware program or data.Information safety devices is a kind of small hardware device that has processor and storer, and it can be connected with computing machine by the data communication interface by computing machine, has the key systematic function, but and the safe storage key, can preset the cryptographic algorithm function.The intelligent key apparatus computing relevant with key be fully at the device internal operation, and intelligent key apparatus has anti-characteristic of attacking, and security is high.The characteristic that flash memory is different from other storage medium mainly contains following:
1) the minimum addressing unit of Flash storer is a byte, rather than the sector on the disk.This means can be from any skew read data of a flash memory, but does not show that operation also is that unit carries out with the byte to flash memory wiping/writing.
2) (be wiped free of, but also do not have write operation to take place) when a Flash memory block is in clean state, each on this piece Flash all is a logical one.
3) each on the Flash storer can be set to logical zero by write operation.Logical zero is set to logical one and but can not step-by-step operates, and can only be that unit carries out erasable operation by erasable block.When in an erasable block, storing,, to change over 1 again, then must wipe whole earlier, could revise then in case a certain position in a certain erasable block is write 0.From the upper strata, the erasable function of finishing is exactly interior each of erasable block all to be reseted be set to logical one.
In the prior art, each on the Flash storer also exists each can directly be set to logical one by write operation situation except can directly being set to the logical zero by write operation.The characteristic of this Flash storer and above-mentioned characteristic 3) on the contrary, promptly logical one being set to logical zero can not operate in step-by-step, and can only be that unit carries out erasable operation by erasable block, when in an erasable block, storing, in case to writing 1 in a certain position in a certain erasable block, to change over 0 again, then must wipe whole earlier, could revise then, therefore, in this special Flash storer, the function that write operation is finished is exactly interior each of erasable block all to be reseted be set to logical zero.
4) be limited the serviceable life of Flash storer.Specifically, be that maximum erasable number of times by erasable block decides its serviceable life.Surpassed maximum erasable number of times, this erasable block has just become bad piece.Therefore excessively erasable for fear of certain erasable block quilt, to such an extent as to it reaches maximum erasable number of times prior to other erasable block, we should be evenly distributed on each erasable block erasable operation under the little prerequisite that influences performance of trying one's best, and reduce by the erasable abrasion that brings to piece.
Yet some characteristics of Flash storer have caused its deficiency, particularly its read-write operation on using to do anti-power down protection and have handled the never well solution of this difficult problem.Because flash media inherent characteristic, file system operates at present when will be rewritten the sector of a block device on the flash memory, normally these erasable block ground, place, sector data are read in the internal memory, be placed in the buffer memory, then content corresponding with this sector in the buffer memory is replaced with new content, again this erasable block is carried out erasable operation, the data in will cushioning at last write back this erasable block.
The shortcoming of this implementation is clearly: efficient is low, will rewrite data on the whole erasable block to the renewal of a sector, also causes the very big waste of memory headroom; Abrasion equilibration is not provided, and those data place erasable blocks by frequent updating will at first become bad piece.
The data save method of unexpected power down generally has two kinds of countermeasures when realizing utilizing the Flash storer to carry out data manipulation in the prior art: the one, keep the single-chip microcomputer continuous firing with back-up source, and be called hard protection; Another kind is the data that keep the scene intact before power supply complete failure, resumes work after powering on again, and is called soft protection.Hard holding circuit of the prior art is comparatively loaded down with trivial details, complex circuit designs, and not easy of integration.And existing soft guard method in the prior art: read corresponding fileinfo according to file header information; in the middle of internal memory, the data that need in the data volume to revise are changed into the data content of needs then; the revised file header; again look at last one not use or wiped the back not have the memory block of using; amended content in the internal memory is write relevant position in this new memory block by the file organization form; normally at a kind of safety read-write method of individual data piece, can only protect a content in the data block before promptly each power supply complete failure.
Yet there are some significant datas information safety devices inside as file header, PIN related data, KEY related data, these data need occupy two logical address continuous data block in the Flash storer usually, these data are in renewal process, in case generation power down, will bring great potential safety hazard to the user, this sudden power down is unacceptable for information safety devices.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the objective of the invention is to propose a kind of guard method of data power down.Generally speaking, has only a backup block in the Flash storer, the present invention is by increasing one or more backup blocks in the memory block, and on the basis of original logical block number (LBN), increase the status indicator position of logical block, comprise the power down safety rewriting process of striding blocks of data and the back data recovery procedure that powers on:
The power down safety rewriting process of striding blocks of data comprises:
Step 1: the content in the data block that arrangement is rewritten in internal memory, amended data are write respectively in the sky piece, make described empty piece become backup block;
Step 2: described data block is become the sky piece;
Step 3:, the logical block number (LBN) of described backup block is rewritten as the logical block number (LBN) of described data block by rewriting the status indicator position;
The back data restore operation that powers on comprises:
Step 1 ': the system scan data storage area, judge whether whether complete and/or described backup block exists described data block;
Step 2 ': if described data block is complete, and described backup block do not exist, then system finishing data recovery tasks; If described data block is complete, and find described backup block, then wipe described backup block system finishing data recovery tasks; If described data block lacks, then the logical block number (LBN) of described backup block is revised as the logical block number (LBN) of described data block.
Stride in the power down safety rewriting operation process of blocks of data, described data block of being rewritten comprises the logical address continuous data block.
Stride in the power down safety rewriting operation process of blocks of data, described empty piece comprises the data block of three kinds of states: the piece that data content is wiped free of, logical block number (LBN) are 0 piece entirely entirely for the piece of F, logical block number (LBN);
Stride in the power down safety rewriting operation process of blocks of data, described status indicator position is the part of described logical block number (LBN), and described backup block is set up corresponding relation by described status indicator position and described data block.
Stride in the power down safety rewriting operation process of blocks of data, rewriting the status indicator position is specially: when realizing striding the power down protection of two or three data blocks and recovering, high two or the Senior Three position of the logical block number (LBN) of described backup block are set to the status indicator position, and the different conditions setting by described high two or Senior Three position, make itself and the data block of being rewritten set up corresponding relation, become the backup block of the data block of being rewritten; The rest may be inferred, a plurality of data protection and recovery in the time of can realizing power down.
In method provided by the invention, the data length in the described data block of being rewritten does not exceed the storage space of described data block.
Utilize method provided by the invention; described status indicator not necessarily must take the data bit of logical block number (LBN), also can be used for the state of presentation logic piece in other position, can realize the purpose of data cut-off protection and recovery equally; method is the same, does not repeat them here.
The back system that powers on realizes searching by the logical block number (LBN) that rescans the data storage area, and carries out the respective handling that the back data that power on are recovered according to different lookup results.
In the back data restore operation process that powers on, described step 2 ' also comprise: described data block disappearance, wipe the described data block corresponding that finds with described backup block.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: method provided by the invention is applicable to the Flash storer of different qualities, promptly be not only applicable to logical one is set to directly step-by-step operation of logical zero, and logical zero is set to logical one can only be the Flash storer that unit carries out erasable operation by erasable block, also is applicable to the Flash storer that characteristic is opposite therewith.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following superior effect:
1. in the prior art, generally have only a backup block in the memory block of Flash storer, the present invention has guaranteed to rewrite at the same time in the process of a plurality of data blocks by increasing backup block, and data were difficult for losing when power down took place.
2. under the situation that power down takes place; can guarantee the consistance and the integrality of data; the situation that also can not occur the piece confusion after recovery powers on; make that reliability of data storage and security are improved significantly, realized the purpose of power down protection when the inner significant data of intelligent key apparatus upgrades effectively.
3. the data after change is all wiped and then write again to the erasable block of rewriting some data and will storing these data have been no longer necessary for, but the switching by data block and backup block, effectively avoided frequent erasable some erasable blocks, reached and improve the effect in serviceable life of Flash storer.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a method synoptic diagram of rewriting flag in the embodiment of the invention 1;
Fig. 2 is the particular flow sheet of data processing during power down in the embodiment of the invention 1;
Fig. 3 is the back Data Recovery Process figure that powers in the embodiment of the invention 1;
Fig. 4 is a method synoptic diagram of rewriting flag in the embodiment of the invention 2;
Fig. 5 is the particular flow sheet of data processing during power down in the embodiment of the invention 2;
Fig. 6 is the back Data Recovery Process figure that powers in the embodiment of the invention 2.
Embodiment
The present invention proposes a kind of power-off protection method based on two continuous logical blocks in the nonvolatile memory.Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, be example when power down taking place when the write data in storer with the user, the invention will be further described, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Be example with two continuous data blocks of logical address in the present embodiment, specifically introduce the process of data protection and recovery after the power down.In the present embodiment, with two bytes promptly four sexadecimal numbers come presentation logic piece number, deposited user's PIN code in the data block of rewriting.In the present embodiment, select for use two data blocks of having wiped in the Flash memory block as backup block, and high two of backup block logical block number (LBN) are made as the status indicator position, backup block is represented in the status indicator position and the corresponding relation of the data block of being rewritten by rewriting.
As shown in Figure 1, in the present embodiment, by the piece of the data block of being rewritten number is 0000 and 0001, utilize the characteristic of Flash storage simultaneously, promptly when being in clean state, a Flash memory block (was wiped free of, but also do not have write operation to take place), all be that on logical one and the Flash storer each can directly be changed to logical zero by write operation on this piece Flash each, and needn't realize by monoblock is erasable.Therefore in the present embodiment, the storage block that with logical block number (LBN) is FFFF is as piece fully, and high two of logical block number (LBN) are made as the status indicator position.When being 10 for high two, represent that this piece is the logical block number (LBN) backup block of data block the preceding in two continuous data blocks of logical address, when being 11 for high two, represent this piece be in two continuous data blocks of logical address logical block number (LBN) after the backup block of data block, simultaneously, with all the other 14 positions of backup block logical block number (LBN) for back 14 identical data of the data block of being rewritten.Because each on the Flash storer can directly be changed to logical zero by write operation, it is comparatively convenient therefore to operate.
As can be seen from the figure, logical block number (LBN) is 0000 data block, and the piece of its backup block number is 8000; Logical block number (LBN) is 0001 data block, and the piece of its backup block number is C001.Like this, just feasible data block of being rewritten and its backup block have been set up and have been got in touch.
Fig. 2 is described to be in the embodiment of the invention 1, the particular flow sheet of the processing of data when realizing power down, and step is as follows:
Step 201, RAM district arrangement logical block number (LBN) is 0000 data, the data of putting in order is write in the backup block, and the piece of backup block number is revised as 8000;
The data of step 202, RAM district arrangement piece 0001 write the data of putting in order in the backup block, and the piece of backup block number is revised as C001;
Step 203, to wipe logical block number (LBN) be that 0000 piece and logical block number (LBN) are 0001 piece;
Step 204, modification logical block number (LBN) 8000 are 0000, and revising logical block number (LBN) C001 is 0001, and so far, power down safety is rewritten and finished.
To step 204, described backup block is meant that logical block number (LBN) is the data block of FFFF in step 201, the piece of this backup block for having wiped.
Shown in Figure 3 is in the embodiment of the invention 1, the back Data Recovery Process figure that powers on, and concrete steps are:
Logical block number (LBN) is searched and is 0000 data block and logical block number (LBN) and be 8000 data block in step 301, system scan data storage area;
Step 302, decision logic piece number are that 0000 data block and logical block number (LBN) are whether 8000 data block all exists, if all there is then execution in step 303, otherwise execution in step 304 or step 305 or step 306;
Step 303, logical block number (LBN) are that 0000 data block and logical block number (LBN) are that 8000 data block all exists system finishing data recovery tasks.
Step 304, only to find piece number be 0000 piece, and promptly modified block C001 is that 0001 step power down takes place when not carrying out as yet in the step 204, and then modified block C001 is 0001;
Step 305, only to find piece number be 0001 piece, and power down takes place when promptly the step of erase block 0001 is not carried out as yet in the step 203, and then erase block 0001, then piece numbers 8000 is revised as 0000, and C001 is revised as 0001 with piece;
Step 306, piece number are that 0000 piece and piece number are that 0001 piece does not all find, and power down takes place after promptly step 203 is finished, and then modified block numbers 8000 is 0000, and modified block C001 is 0001.
Embodiment 2
Be example with three continuous data blocks of logical address in the present embodiment, specifically introduce the process of data protection and recovery after the power down.In the present embodiment, with two byte representation logical block number (LBN)s, deposited user's key data in the data block of rewriting.In the present embodiment, select for use three data blocks of having wiped in the Flash memory block as backup block equally, and high two of backup block logical block number (LBN) are made as the status indicator position, backup block is represented in the status indicator position and the corresponding relation of the data block of being rewritten by rewriting.
As shown in Figure 4, in the present embodiment, number be 0000,0001,0002 by the piece of the data block of being rewritten, the storage block that with logical block number (LBN) is FFFF is as piece fully, and the Senior Three position of logical block number (LBN) is made as the status indicator position.When the Senior Three position is 100, represent that this piece is the logical block number (LBN) backup block of data block the preceding in three continuous data blocks of logical address, when the Senior Three position is 110, represent that this piece is the backup block of logical block number (LBN) data block placed in the middle in three continuous data blocks of logical address, when being 111 for high two, represent this piece be in three continuous data blocks of logical address logical block number (LBN) after the backup block of data block.Simultaneously, with all the other 13 positions of backup block logical block number (LBN) for back 13 identical data of the data block of being rewritten.
As can be seen from the figure, logical block number (LBN) is 0000 data block, and the piece of its backup block number is 8000; Logical block number (LBN) is 0001 data block, and the piece of its backup block number is C001, and logical block number (LBN) is 0002 data block, and the piece of its backup block number is E002.
Fig. 4 is described to be in the embodiment of the invention 2, the particular flow sheet of the processing of data when realizing power down, and step is as follows:
Data in step 502, the RAM district arrangement piece 0001 write the data of putting in order in the backup block, and the piece of backup block number is revised as C001;
Data in step 503, the RAM district arrangement piece 0002 write the data of putting in order in the backup block, and the piece of backup block number is revised as E002;
To step 505, described backup block is meant that logical block number (LBN) is the data block of FFFF in step 501, the piece of this backup block for having wiped.
Shown in Figure 6 is in the embodiment of the invention 2, the back Data Recovery Process figure that powers on, and concrete steps are:
Logical block number (LBN) is searched and is 0000,0001 and 0002 data block in step 601, system scan data storage area;
Step 605, only to find piece number be that 0000 piece and piece number are 0001 piece, promptly do not revise logical block number (LBN) E002 in the step 505 and be when 0002 step is carried out as yet power down takes place, and then revising logical block number (LBN) E002 is 0002;
Step 607, only to find piece number be 0002 piece, and power down takes place when promptly the step of erase block 0002 is not carried out as yet in the step 504, and then erase block 0002, then piece numbers 8000 is revised as 0000, and C001 is revised as 0001 with piece, and E002 is revised as 0002 with piece;
Step 608, piece number are that 0000 piece, piece number are that 0001 piece and piece number are that 0002 piece does not all find, and power down takes place after promptly step 504 is finished, and then modified block numbers 8000 is 0000, and modified block C001 is 0001, and modified block E002 is 0002.
The rest may be inferred, utilizes method provided by the invention, in the time of can realizing power down, and a plurality of data protection and the purpose of recovery.
With above-mentioned embodiment different be, in the present embodiment, be 0000 storage block with logical block number (LBN) as being equipped with piece, high two of logical block number (LBN) are made as the status indicator position.When being 00 for high two, represent that this piece is the logical block number (LBN) backup block of data block the preceding in two continuous data blocks of logical address, when being 01 for high two, represent this piece be in two continuous data blocks of logical address logical block number (LBN) after the backup block of data block.Simultaneously, with all the other 13 positions of backup block logical block number (LBN) for back 13 identical data of the data block of being rewritten.
Therefore the principle of the concrete operations flow process of present embodiment, repeats no more with embodiment 1.
More than a kind of power down protection and restoration methods based on a plurality of data blocks in the Flash storer provided by the present invention is described in detail, used specific case herein principle of the present invention and embodiment are set forth, the explanation of above embodiment just is used for helping to understand method of the present invention and core concept thereof; Simultaneously, for one of ordinary skill in the art, according to thought of the present invention, the part that all can change in specific embodiments and applications, in sum, this description should not be construed as limitation of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. power-off protection method based on two continuous logical blocks in the nonvolatile memory; it is characterized in that by in the memory block, increasing one or more backup blocks; and on the basis of original logical block number (LBN); increase the status indicator position of logical block, comprise the power down safety rewriting process of striding blocks of data and the back data recovery procedure that powers on:
The power down safety rewriting process of striding blocks of data comprises:
Step 1: the content in the data block that arrangement is rewritten in internal memory, amended data are write respectively in the sky piece, make described empty piece become backup block;
Step 2: described data block is become the sky piece;
Step 3:, the logical block number (LBN) of described backup block is rewritten as the logical block number (LBN) of described data block by rewriting the status indicator position;
The back data recovery procedure that powers on comprises:
Step 1 ': the system scan data storage area, judge whether whether complete and/or described backup block exists described data block;
Step 2 ': if described data block is complete, and described backup block do not exist, then system finishing data recovery tasks; If described data block is complete, and find described backup block, then wipe described backup block, system finishing data recovery tasks; If described data block lacks, then the logical block number (LBN) of described backup block is revised as the logical block number (LBN) of described data block.
2. according to the described power-off protection method based on two continuous logical blocks in the nonvolatile memory of claim 1, it is characterized in that: stride in the power down safety rewriting operation process of blocks of data, described data block of being rewritten comprises the logical address continuous data block.
3. according to the described power-off protection method of claim 1 based on two continuous logical blocks in the nonvolatile memory; it is characterized in that: stride in the power down safety rewriting operation process of blocks of data, described empty piece comprises the data block of three kinds of states: the piece that data content is wiped free of, logical block number (LBN) are 0 piece entirely entirely for the piece of F, logical block number (LBN).
4. according to the described power-off protection method of claim 1 based on two continuous logical blocks in the nonvolatile memory; it is characterized in that: stride in the power down safety rewriting operation process of blocks of data; described status indicator position is the part of described logical block number (LBN), and described backup block is set up corresponding relation by described status indicator position and described logical block number (LBN) and described data block.
5. according to the described power-off protection method of claim 1 based on two continuous logical blocks in the nonvolatile memory, it is characterized in that: stride in the power down safety rewriting operation process of blocks of data, rewriting the status indicator position is specially: when realizing striding the power down protection of two or three data blocks and recovering, high two or the Senior Three position of the logical block number (LBN) of described backup block are set to the status indicator position, and the different conditions setting by described high two or Senior Three position, make itself and the data block of being rewritten set up corresponding relation, become the backup block of the data block of being rewritten; The rest may be inferred, a plurality of data protection and recovery in the time of can realizing power down.
6. according to the described power-off protection method based on two continuous logical blocks in the nonvolatile memory of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the data length in the described data block of being rewritten can not exceed the storage space of described data block.
7. according to the described power-off protection method of claim 1 based on two continuous logical blocks in the nonvolatile memory; it is characterized in that: described status indicator position not necessarily must take the data bit of logical block number (LBN), and other position also can be used for the state of presentation logic piece.
8. according to the described power-off protection method of claim 1 based on two continuous logical blocks in the nonvolatile memory; it is characterized in that: the back system that powers on realizes searching by the logical block number (LBN) that rescans the data storage area, and carries out the respective handling that the back data that power on are recovered according to different lookup results.
9. according to the described power-off protection method of claim 1 based on two continuous logical blocks in the nonvolatile memory; it is characterized in that: in the back data restore operation process that powers on; described step 2 ' also comprise: described data block disappearance, wipe the described data block corresponding that finds with described backup block.
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| CN100590606C (en) * | 2005-12-14 | 2010-02-17 | 兆日科技（深圳）有限公司 | Data completeness protection method of flash storage |
| CN100356347C (en) * | 2006-04-29 | 2007-12-19 | 北京飞天诚信科技有限公司 | Safety writing method for flash memory |
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