CN101017977A - A method for accurately computing the power line loss - Google Patents
A method for accurately computing the power line loss Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The provided accurate calculation method for low-voltage power line comprises: 1. first building a data table to store temporary result; 2. calculating the active and reactive current for every load, and counting current values into proper item of table according to the path room current load to the transformer; 3. after calculating all loads, combining both active and reactive current for every segment to obtain total current; 4. calculating and counting loss to obtain the total loss; and 5. composing or decomposing vector for current calculation. This invention converts the vector operation into algebraic operation for computer programming.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of power transmission and transformation technology, specifically a kind of method of computing electric line loss.Especially provide a kind of and accurately calculate actual line loss, optimize the three-phase power load, needed computational methods when calculating the optimum position that low-tension transformer installs.
Background technology
Along with the development of society and the progressively raising of living standards of the people, the power requirement amount also progressively increases; Since the loss in the power circuit be with by square being directly proportional of electric current, so the increase of loss is just more obvious in the circuit; Aggravation is in an emergency, is polluted to the energy, therefore how to make full use of the current not rich energy, reduces the loss in the circuit, just become the task of top priority.
The line loss of prior art is calculated the general computational methods that adopt coulometry, volumetric method, ring method and substitutional resistance method or the like, because the aforementioned calculation method is not to calculate according to the trend situation in the actual track, but undertaken by the Mathematical Modeling of simplifying (-separate, the every-load that is connect of loading every such as having ignored all adopts unified power factor value), so result calculated and actual deviation are bigger, do not have the directive function of electric industry management department to the line loss management.The defective of these computational methods maximums is exactly separate (A, B, the C three-phase) not considering actual load and connect, because the line loss under the three-phase equilibrium situation is the sixth under the complete uneven situation, so there is great inaccuracy in the result who calculates with these computational methods.
In existing line loss computational methods, do not consider that separate main cause is: if do not consider separately, just can calculate by scalar, calculate fairly simplely like this, speed is also very fast; If consideration is separate, will calculate by vector, and vector meter is cumbersome at last, and computational speed is slow.
In addition, there is great inaccuracy in the computational methods of prior art, so can not fall the theoretical foundation of damage measure as technology, even use reluctantly, because basic computational methods existing problems, separate because do not consider that load is connect again, optimize the function that three-phase load makes it to tend to balance so also just can not have, the damage measure of falling that is provided does not just possess any practical significance yet.
Summary of the invention
In order effectively to reduce electric energy loss in the line, need for this reason to know how how many theoretical loss is, judge administrative situation then; Theoretical value is accurate more, just helps the management of line loss and the further damage measure of falling of formulation science more.
Method of the present invention is, only consider to connect separate to the bigger load current of line loss influence, conductor resistance, the definition of load operation sky, load power factor and load, as A, B, C or ABC, AB, AC, BC, not considering, parameter smaller to the line loss influence influencing factor of difficult collection again, is prerequisite to influence, the supply voltage of line loss to the influence of line loss to influence, the contact resistance of resistance to influence, the current density of conductor resistance such as temperature; This method is decomposed by load current being carried out quadrature, makes vector calculus become algebraic operation.Calculation procedure is as follows:
(1) at first sets up a clear data table and be used for depositing the intermediate object program of calculating, list structure is defined as follows: first field is the lead numbering, be used for preserving which section lead data with the sign current line, second to the 25 field is used for writing down active current and the reactive current of 24 time periods of every day, wherein odd-numbered line is used for writing down active current, even number line is used for writing down reactive current, because every section lead might be by A, B, C, four leads of O are formed or might are A phase or A, 0 phase, B phase or B, O, C phase or C, O, so the data in the table will be with elementary cell of eight behaviors, first row, second row is used for writing down the active current and the reactive current of A phase, the third line, fourth line is used for writing down the active current and the reactive current of B phase, fifth line, the 6th row is used for writing down the active current and the reactive current of C phase, the 7th row, the 8th row is used for writing down the active current and the reactive current of O phase, per two behaviors one group, be used for writing down the data of the current phase of current line segment, per eight behaviors one are organized greatly, are used for writing down the data of present segment; Shown in figure one, figure two.
(2) active current and the reactive current of each load calculated by elder generation, active current and the reactive current of using user's electric weight, load curve, power factor and load operation sky definition calculated load to produce in this example; Account form is as follows:
1) according to the electric weight of load curve calculating current slot, be a time period with one hour: computing formula is DL1=DL/Days * X%; Wherein the DL representative is when the electric weight whole month of preload, and Days represents the current fate that computing time, the section load was moved, and X% represents the shared percentage of current slot, determines this percentage according to load curve;
2) calculate active current according to character when preload:
I) determining of single-phase load active current: I1=1000 * DL1/V1;
Ii) two phase load active currents is definite: I1=1000 * DL1/V2;
Iii) the three-phase load active current is definite: I1=1000 * DL1/1.732/V2;
Is kilowatt of hour of Herein 1000 be because the unit of electric weight, and the result of calculation of voltage and electric current is watt, 1.732 be ordinary of 3 arithmetic, V1 and V2 are respectively the phase voltage and the line voltage of power end, if mains fluctuations are bigger, also can obtain result of calculation more accurately by the definition voltage curve;
3) calculate reactive current: I2=I1 * sqrt (1-COS * COS)/COS according to active current; Wherein the sqrt representative is extracted square root, and COS represents the power factor of current point; The direction of reactive current is determined by COS is positive and negative.
(3) active current and reactive current are filled up in the table of being introduced (a) according to the line segment numbering one by one from the power supply of loading; In order to improve arithmetic speed, neutral line current does not calculate earlier, at last according to the zero line total current of the every section lead of property calculation of three-phase alternating current; In the process of filling in, if also do not have current line segment in the table, just append it, to append eight row when capable appending at every turn, will be when filling in according to separate being filled up to respectively in the different row of load;
(4) each load is carried out (2), (a 3) described process, the phase line (being commonly called as live wire) that all loads are produced just in active current, reactive current all be superimposed upon respectively together: result of calculation is shown in figure one.
(5) active current and the reactive current of calculating zero line: according to the characteristic of three-phase alternating current Ia+Ib+Ic+Io=0, calculate active current vector and reactive current vector in the zero line, being filled up to current line segment then represents in the row of zero line, direction with A phase active current is a directions X for the time being, and this direction is consistent with the A phase voltage, and its computational process is as follows:
1) calculate B, C two-phase active current component in the Y direction:
Ibcy=(Ic-Ib) * cos (30*M_PI/180); Ib, Ic represent the active current of B, C phase respectively, and M_PI represents circumference ratio
2) calculate B, C two-phase active current component at directions X:
Ibex＝-(Ib+Ic)*sin(30*M_PI/180)
3) calculate directions X and A meritorious resultant vector electric current mutually again
Ix＝Ia+Ibcx；
4) because the component of A phase active current on the Y direction is zero, thus the active current of Y direction actual be exactly B, the C resultant current Ibcy on the Y direction;
5) calculate 0 mutually total active current Io:
Io=sqrt (Ix*Ix+Ibcy*Ibcy); Sqrt asks the arithmetic square root function
This value is filled up in first row with the corresponding zero line group of current line segment, can calculates the reactive current of zero line in the same way, be filled up to then in second row;
(6) calculate the resultant current of each phase of each section:
Each group in the his-and-hers watches, relevant two behaviors, one group is used for preserving the data of the current phase of current line segment, calculates resultant current, and its result is filled up in the even number line of current group; The formula that calculates the resultant current use is: and I3=sqrt (I1 * I1+I2 * i2).Result of calculation is shown in figure two.
(7) calculate the loss of every section every phase, and add up, obtain total losses:
According to the resultant current in the even number line in the resistance of current line segment and the tables of data, calculate the loss of every section every phase, and the result is added in the variable of representing total losses, thereby obtain total line loss, the formula of computed losses is: W=(I3) 2R, every implication front has been done introduction.
This method is suitable for the calculating of high-and low-voltage circuit line loss; But because load configuration is fairly simple with respect to low-voltage circuit in the high-tension line, there is not single-phase load, so can calculate by three-phase equilibrium, again owing to there is not zero line, so also need not consider the electric current in the zero line, therefore the loss in the high-tension line can be reduced to following mode and carries out: per two behaviors one are organized greatly in the tables of data, also use simultaneously as group, be used for depositing the loss (because this moment each phase loss is identical) of each line segment, obtain that to multiply by 3 after the total losses be exactly the loss of whole circuit.
Major advantage of the present invention and beneficial effect are: since considered when calculating line loss that customer charge connect separate, so that its accuracy in computation is handed over is high; And utilize the method can also carry out the computation optimization of three-phase load; Because three-phase alternating current is a sixth under the complete uneven situation in the line loss under the three-phase complete equipilibrium, so have important meaning for electric industry system wastage reducing and energy saving; Utilize the method to do the computation optimization in an electricity consumption village in the Taihe County, Anhui such as us, the low pressure in this village management line loss (also claiming actual line loss) was 17.2% at that time, we use this method result calculated is 16.8%, then load is optimized, the theoretical optimization result is 5.9%, they adjust the load layout according to our prioritization scheme, manage line loss and dropped to 5.5% when inferior month checks meter, and have reduced by 11.7%.Again such as, we utilize the method to calculate the line loss in a platform district in the Juancheng, Shandong, result calculated is 11.3%, and management line loss is at that time paced up and down about 25% always, we tell them there is not the tax evasion electricity in this district, and the gauge table meter is existing problems just, afterwards through looking into their night, found what three families sneaked current, handled the present loss rate in back and be stabilized in about 12% always.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the result of calculation statistical form of every section every phase current of circuit;
Fig. 2 is that the resultant current with every section every phase is filled up to the result of calculation statistical form in the even number line;
Fig. 3 is the winding diagram that utilizes computational methods design of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the three-phase alternating current voltage vector-diagram.
Execution mode
Purpose of the present invention mainly provides a kind of computational accuracy can reach the line loss emulated computation method that practicability requires and is convenient to realize than higher, result of calculation, and has simply introduced effect and the effect of these computational methods in power supply management.
Strictly speaking, want the loss in the computational scheme exactly, will strictly calculate according to field condition, but in order to reach the requirement of practicability, can be convenient to again implement, so method of the present invention has only been considered the bigger principal element of line loss influence, such as the load current in the circuit, resistance under the lead normal temperature, the definition of load operation sky, load power factor and the load separate (A that connects, B, C or ABC, AB, AC, BC), and for smaller to the line loss influence, parameter is the influencing factor of difficult collection again, such as the influence of temperature to conductor resistance, current density is to the influence of resistance, contact resistance is to the influence of line loss, power end (transformer low voltage outlet) voltage will put aside influence of line loss etc., but this method is not repelled the consideration to these factors.
Computational process is as follows substantially: set up a tables of data earlier and be used for depositing results of intermediate calculations, calculate the active current and the reactive current of each load then, according to the road warp that arrives transformer when preload, active current and reactive current are added to respectively in each relevant in tables of data row, after all loads have all calculated, again that the active current and the reactive current of each line segment is synthetic, calculate the total current of current line segment, again according to the loss of the total current on each line segment and each line segment of resistance calculations, the last again loss of each line segment being added up just obtained the overall losses of whole secondary network.Because this method has been considered the separate and power factor that each load is connect, thus used the synthetic and decomposition of vector, and the formula of computed losses is: W=I
2R, wherein W represents the loss on the current lead, and I represents the resultant current of current line segment, and R represents the resistance of current line segment; The definition of load operation sky is the operational mode that is used for defining load, is not all to move every day such as the user who has, but only moves so several days in every month, and an operation day definition is used for describing this type of load operation situation.
Explanation of nouns:
A: represent the A phase, B: represent the B phase, C: represent the C phase, 0: representative zero phase
Concrete calculation procedure of the present invention is as follows:
(1) at first sets up a clear data table and be used for depositing the intermediate object program of calculating, list structure is defined as follows: first field is the lead numbering, be used for preserving which section lead data with the sign current line, second to the 25 field is used for writing down the active currents of 24 time periods of every day and reactive current (because the load current in the circuit is dynamic change, generally be to be divided into 24 to one day each and every one to calculate the time period), wherein odd-numbered line is used for writing down active current, and even number line is used for writing down reactive current.Because every section lead might be made of (A, B, C, 0) four leads or might be A phase (this moment comprise A, 0 phase), B phase (B, 0) or C phase (C, 0), so the data in showing will be with elementary cell of eight behaviors.First row, second row are used for writing down the active current and the reactive current of A phase, the third line, fourth line are used for writing down the active current and the reactive current of B phase, fifth line, the 6th row are used for writing down the active current and the reactive current of C phase, and the 7th row, the 8th row are used for writing down the active current and the reactive current of 0 phase.Per two behaviors one group is used for writing down the data of the current phase of current line segment, and per eight behaviors one are organized greatly, are used for writing down the data of present segment.
(2) active current and the reactive current of each load calculated by elder generation, active current and the reactive current of using user's electric weight, load curve, power factor, operation sky definition calculated load to produce in this example.
2) calculate the electric weight (be a time period with hour temporarily, this also is the traditional division methods of electric power system) of current slot according to load curve:
DL1=DL/Days*X%; Wherein the DL representative is when the electric weight whole month of preload, and the Days representative is when the fate that preload moved, and X% represents the shared percentage of current slot, determines this percentage according to load curve.
2) calculate active current according to character when preload:
I) determining of single-phase load active current: I1=1000*DL1/V1;
Ii) two phase load active currents is definite: I1=1000*DL1/V2;
Iii) the three-phase load active current is definite: I1=1000*DL1/1.732/V2;
Is kilowatt of hour of Herein 1000 be because the unit of electric weight, and the result of calculation of voltage and electric current is watt, 1.732 be ordinary of 3 arithmetic, V1 and V2 are respectively the phase voltage and the line voltage of power end, if mains fluctuations are bigger, also can obtain result of calculation more accurately by the definition voltage curve.
3) calculate reactive current: I2=I1*sqrt (1-COS*COS)/COS according to active current; Wherein the sqrt representative is extracted square root, and COS represents the power factor of current point; The direction of I2 is determined by COS.
(3) in the table that active current and reactive current are introduced from the power supply of loading is filled up to a) according to the line segment numbering one by one; In order to improve arithmetic speed, neutral line current does not calculate earlier, at last according to the zero line total current of the every section lead of property calculation of three-phase alternating current.
In the process of filling in, if also do not have current line segment in the table, just append it, to append eight row (oneself does explanation step a, the row of eight in each line segment correspondence table) when capable appending at every turn, will be when filling in according to separate being filled up to respectively in the different row of load.
(4) each load is carried out a b), c) described process, active current, reactive currents that all loads are produced just all have been superimposed upon together respectively.
(5) resultant current of calculating zero line: according to the characteristic of three-phase alternating current Ia+Ib+Ic+Io=0, calculate meritorious vector and idle vector in the zero line, being filled up to current line segment then represents in the row of zero line, direction with A phase active current is a directions X for the time being, and this direction is consistent with the A phase voltage, and its computational process is as follows:
1) calculate B, C two-phase active current component in the Y direction:
Ibcy=(Ic-Ib) * cos (30*M_PI/180); Ib, Ic represent the active current of B, C phase respectively, and M_PI represents circumference ratio
2) calculate B, C two-phase active current component at directions X:
Ibcx＝-(Ib+Ib)*sin(30*M_PI/180)
3) calculate directions X and A meritorious resultant vector electric current mutually again
IX＝IA+Ibcx；
4) because the component of A phase active current on the Y direction is zero, thus the active current of Y direction actual be exactly B, the C resultant current Ibcy on the Y direction;
5) calculate 0 mutually total active current Io:
Io=sqrt (Ix*Ix+Ibcy*Ibcy); Sqrt asks the arithmetic square root function
With this value be filled up to the corresponding zero line group of current line segment first the row in.
Can calculate the reactive current of zero line in the same way, be filled up to then in second row.
Zero line to all line segments calculated one time according to each time period, had promptly finished the calculating of neutral line current.
Calculating herein can be with reference to the three-phase voltage schematic vector diagram among the figure three.
(6) calculate the resultant current of each phase of each section:
Resultant current calculates in each group in the his-and-hers watches (relevant two behaviors, one group is used for preserving the data of the current phase of current line segment), and its result is filled up in the even number line of current group; The formula that calculates the resultant current use is: I3=sqrt (I1*I1+I2*i2).Wherein I1, I2 are the active current and the reactive current of taking out from odd-numbered line, even number line respectively.
(7) calculate the loss of every section every phase, and add up, obtain total losses:
According to the resultant current in the even number line in the resistance of current line segment and the tables of data, the loss of calculating every section every phase, and the result is added in the variable of representing total losses, thereby obtain total line loss.The formula of computed losses is: W=(I3)
2R, oneself does introduction every implication front.
This method is suitable for the calculating of high-and low-voltage circuit line loss; But because load configuration is fairly simple with respect to low-voltage circuit in the high-tension line, there is not single-phase load, so can calculate by three-phase equilibrium, again owing to there is not zero line, so need not consider also that electric current in the zero line calculates and zero line in loss, so the loss in the high-tension line can be reduced to following mode and carries out; Per two behaviors one are organized greatly in the tables of data, also use as group simultaneously, are used for depositing the loss (because each phase loss this moment is identical) of each line segment, obtain that to multiply by 3 after the total losses be exactly the loss of whole circuit.
In order to improve accuracy in computation, can repeatedly calculate; The voltage power taking source voltage terminal of using during the calculated load electric current for the first time, before will considering, once calculates later calculating voltage the loss of voltage that electric current produced in the network of back, generally calculate its accuracy and just can satisfy actual needs through three times, the variable of one recording loss also can be set, judge this result of calculation and difference last time then, difference just stops to calculate in the scope of permission.In addition, if the power factor change of a certain load is bigger, also can obtain result of calculation more accurately by the definition power factor curve.Aforementioned supply voltage curve and the definition of power factor curve herein are the same with load curve substantially.
Claims (1)
1, a kind of method of accurate computing electric line loss, it is characterized in that, only consider the bigger load current of line loss influence, conductor resistance, the definition of load operation sky, load power factor and load connect separate, as A, B, C or ABC, AB, AC, BC, do not consider the line loss influence smaller, parameter is the influencing factor of difficult collection again, such as the influence of temperature to conductor resistance, current density is to the influence of resistance, contact resistance is to the influence of line loss, the transformer low voltage outlet voltage is a prerequisite to the influence of line loss, load current is carried out the vector quadrature to be decomposed, be converted into algebraic operation, realize the accurate calculating of computer to electric line loss, calculation procedure is as follows:
(1) at first sets up a clear data table and be used for depositing the intermediate object program of calculating, list structure is defined as follows: first field is the lead numbering, be used for preserving which section lead data with the sign current line, second to the 25 field is used for writing down active current and the reactive current of 24 time periods of every day, wherein odd-numbered line is used for writing down active current, even number line is used for writing down reactive current, because every section lead might be by A, B, C, four leads of O are formed or might are A phase or A, the O phase, B phase or B, O, C phase or C, O, so the data in the table will be with elementary cell of eight behaviors, first row, second row is used for writing down the active current and the reactive current of A phase, the third line, fourth line is used for writing down the active current and the reactive current of B phase, fifth line, the 6th row is used for writing down the active current and the reactive current of C phase, the 7th row, the 8th row is used for writing down the active current and the reactive current of O phase, per two behaviors one group, be used for writing down the data of the current phase of current line segment, per eight behaviors one are organized greatly, are used for writing down the data of present segment;
(2) active current and the reactive current of each load calculated by elder generation, uses user's electric weight, load curve, power factor to calculate the active current and the reactive current of load generation in this example; Account form is as follows:
1) according to the electric weight of load curve calculating current slot, be a time period with one hour:
Computing formula is: DL1=DL/Days * X%;
Wherein the DL representative is when the electric weight whole month of preload, and the Days representative is when the fate that preload moved, and X% represents the shared percentage of current slot, determines this percentage according to load curve;
2) calculate active current according to character when preload:
I) determining of single-phase load active current: I1=1000 * DL1/220;
Ii) two phase load active currents is definite: I1=1000 * DL1/380;
Iii) the three-phase load active current is definite: I1=1000 * DL1/1.732/380;
Is kilowatt of hour of Herein 1000 be because the unit of electric weight, and the result of calculation of voltage and electric current is watt, 1.732 be 3 arithmetic square root, 220 and, 380 are respectively the phase voltage and the line voltage of power end, if mains fluctuations are bigger, obtain result of calculation more accurately by the definition voltage curve;
3) calculate reactive current: I2=I1 * sqrt (1-COS * COS)/COS according to active current;
Wherein the sqrt representative is extracted square root, and COS represents the power factor of current point;
(3) active current and reactive current are filled up in the table of being introduced (a) according to the line segment numbering one by one from the power supply of loading; In order to improve arithmetic speed, neutral line current does not calculate earlier, at last according to the zero line total current of the every section lead of property calculation of three-phase alternating current; In the process of filling in, if also do not have current line segment in the table, just increase it, when increasing row, to increase by eight row at every turn, will be when filling in according to separate being filled up to respectively in the different row of load;
(4) each load is carried out (3), (a 4) described process, active current, reactive current that all loads are produced just all have been superimposed upon respectively together;
(5) resultant current of calculating zero line: according to the characteristic of three-phase alternating current, calculate meritorious vector and idle vector in the zero line, being filled up to current line segment then represents in the row of zero line, direction with A phase active current is a directions X for the time being, and this direction is consistent with the A phase voltage, and its computational process is as follows:
1) calculates B, C two-phase active current component: Ibcy=(Ic-Ib) * cos (30 * M_PI/180) in the Y direction;
Ib in the formula, Ic represent the active current of B, C phase respectively, and M_PI represents circumference ratio;
2) calculate B, C two-phase active current component: Ibcx=-(Ib+Ic) * sin (30 * M_PI/180) at directions X
3) calculate directions X and A meritorious resultant vector electric current mutually, Ix=Ia+Ibcx again;
4) because the component of A phase active current on the Y direction is zero, thus the active current of Y direction actual be exactly B, the C resultant current Ibcy on the Y direction;
5) calculate the mutually total active current Io:Io=sqrt of O (Ix * Ix+Ibcy * Ibcy);
Sqrt in the formula asks the arithmetic square root function that this value is filled up in first row with the corresponding zero line group of current line segment, can calculate the reactive current of zero line in the same way, is filled up to then in second row;
(6) calculate the resultant current of each phase of each section:
Relevant two behaviors, one group in the his-and-hers watches is used for preserving the data of the current phase of current line segment, calculates resultant current, and its result is filled up in the even number line of current group; The formula that calculates the resultant current use is: I3=sqrt (I1 * I1+I2 * I2),
I1 in the formula, I2 be leave in the tables of data, current mutually total active current and the reactive current of current line segment;
(7) utilize step (6) result calculated, in conjunction with the resultant current in the even number line in the resistance of current line segment and the tables of data, the loss of calculating every section every phase, and the result is added in the variable of representing total losses, thereby obtain total line loss, the formula of computed losses is: W=(I3)
2R.
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2007
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| CN108964060B (en) * | 2018-07-13 | 2020-08-21 | 国家电网公司 | Line negative line loss cause analysis method based on low-load state |
| CN110133378A (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2019-08-16 | 上海道口材料科技有限公司 | The direct current comprehensive transmission loss appraisal procedure and system of Oriented Green assets assessment |
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| CN111769651A (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2020-10-13 | 广东电网有限责任公司 | Line loss analysis method and system for low-voltage power supply line |
| CN111769651B (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2022-04-19 | 广东电网有限责任公司 | Line loss analysis method and system for low-voltage power supply line |
| CN112561312A (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2021-03-26 | 国网河南省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Power quality factor-based power distribution network line loss calculation method and system |
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