CN101013761A - Solid electrolyte material system for all solid state lithium battery and preparation method - Google Patents
Solid electrolyte material system for all solid state lithium battery and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101013761A CN101013761A CNA2007100374796A CN200710037479A CN101013761A CN 101013761 A CN101013761 A CN 101013761A CN A2007100374796 A CNA2007100374796 A CN A2007100374796A CN 200710037479 A CN200710037479 A CN 200710037479A CN 101013761 A CN101013761 A CN 101013761A
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Abstract
The invention relates to one solid electrolyte materials and its process method for fix lithium battery, which is characterized by the following: Li2S and other sulfur compound B/S and A/I according to certain mole proportion for compounds to form non-crystal system to provide space for lithium ion transmission to get higher ion conductive rate, wherein, the materials have wider heat stable range to provide one ideal electrolyte prepare materials for solid lithium ion battery.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to be used for the solid electrolyte material system and the preparation method of solid lithium battery.This material (≤160 ℃) under room temperature and higher temperature mainly shows as lithium ion conductor, belongs to the energy and uses the solid electrolyte material field.
Background technology
Be accompanied by extensive uses such as portable electronics such as mobile phone, video camera and notebook computer, lithium ion two battery eliminators are well received.These batteries have high output voltage, high energy storage density and carry light advantage.The most employed electrolyte of lithium battery comprises volatile and incendive organic solvent at present.In order to make more high output voltage, the more high-energy-density and the battery of large scale more, just need to use the electrolyte that contains a large amount of organic solvents.And the organic bath in the battery causes serious fire and electrolyte leakage to happen occasionally.Overcome these safety problems and produce reliable battery, effective method is exactly to replace inflammable liquid electrolyte with the solid electrolyte that does not fire.In order to guarantee the high-performance of solid lithium battery, solid electrolyte must have the high-lithium ion conductance similar with liquid electrolyte.The research of current solid electrolyte is concentrated with organic substance and is taken as the leading factor or the novel porous material of construction unit.Pure inorganic system does not cause concern widely, and some important researchs are arranged recently.
At present main research and the inorganic solid electrolyte of using (fast-ionic conductor) material relevant that focus mostly on greatly with oxide.This class material has bigger ion activation energy usually, and just its ionic conductivity is higher when high temperature (>100 ℃), but very low during the room temperature left and right sides.Discover that in a large number the oxide with open architecture can improve normal temperature Xiayang ionic conductivity, because open passage provides possibility for the ion migration.In order to improve the cationic mobility of conduction, the oxide fast-ionic conductor generally adopts amorphous batch mixing or glass physics attitude, this decrystallized structure makes material internal have more defectives, bigger sponginess and high-energy more, promptly improve the openness of its structure, reduce oxonium ion to cationic binding force, thereby improve cationic transfer ability.However, the oxonium ion (O on oxide holes frame surface
2-) to the conductive ion (Li in the through hole
+And Na
+) still have very strong charge effect, cause these mobility of charge carrier to be subjected to very big constraint.
Compare with oxide, the chalcogenide of open architecture then is more suitable for as fast-ionic conductor.The sulfur family atomic electronegativity does not have oxygen strong, sulfur family ion (Q
2-) on CHARGE DISTRIBUTION compare O
2-Delocalizationization more, the just easier polarization of the sulfur family ion on frame surface, hole, so chalcogenide is more suitable for cationic migration.Such as, at normal temperatures, sulfide 0.6Li
2S: 0.4SiS
2The conductance of (mol ratio) reaches 10
-3The S/cm order of magnitude, and corresponding oxide 0.6Li
2O: 0.4SiO
2Conductance have only 10
-6The S/cm order of magnitude [1-3] [(1) Yamamoto H, Machida N, et.al.Solid State Ionics 175 (1-4): 707-711,2004. (2) Hayashi A, Araki R, et.al.Solid State Ionics 113-115,733,1998. (3) Zheng N, Bu X, Feng P, Nature 426,428, and 2003.], this shows that chalcogenide has very big advantage as fast-ionic conductor.
Sulfide amorphous batch mixing or glass are focuses as fast-ionic conductor research at present.Their method is mainly Li
2S and sulfide M S
2(M=Si, Ge), P
2S
5Deng in one or more mixing, by ball milling, high-energy ball milling or fuse and obtain.The sulfide crystallization shape material of open architecture also is one of optimal candidate of fast-ionic conductor.Delivered the synthetic loose structure that contains of the inorganic sulfur compounds of group fast-ionic conductor of crystallization in November, 2003 in Britain's " nature ", wherein contain Li
+Or Na
+CuINS-Na in the literary composition (ICF-5) and InSe-Na (ICF-21) conductance at normal temperatures are respectively 1.2 * 10
-2With 3.4 * 10
-2S/cm.Show that thus the crystalline state material can have the conductance that is higher than or is similar to glassy state.
From the practical application angle, all-solid lithium battery is compared with traditional liquid electrolyte battery, except higher energy is arranged, also avoided the corrosion of liquid electrolytic confrontation containers such as soda acid, and have do not have to reveal, storage life is long, be easy to advantage such as miniaturization, and the serviceability temperature scope is extensive especially, makes the range of application of lithium battery expand to space flight, the operational environment of multiple specific (special) requirements such as biology and human body, it will more and more influence and change people's life.
In sum, the search research and development utilization that is used for the solid electrolyte material of solid lithium battery is of great immediate significance.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of solid lithium battery solid electrolyte material and preparation method thereof, being contemplated that of invention: theory analysis and literature research show, the sulfide of open architecture can have good ionic conductivity and chemical stability, is expected to become the most promising fast-ionic conductor after oxide.In order to guarantee that sulfide can have the skeleton of negative electrical charge, M
N+The ratio of/S is the smaller the better, and just the valence state of M is high more good more, as the valence state n of M can be+3 ,+4 ,+5 ,+6.M is early transition metal (the 3rd, 4,5 family) or back metallic element (the 13rd, 14,15 family) and rare earth element.These materials have the structure type of enriching, from three-dimensional to the two dimension, a peacekeeping zero-dimension structural.Lithium ion is positioned between duct, interlayer, interchain or point, and its coordination mode is various.Coordination mode as lithium ion and sulfur family ion can be coordinated to 5,4 coordinations from 6.Represent material as, LiLnS
2(Ln is a rare earth element), Na
5Li
3Ti
2S
8, NaLiMS
2(M=Zn, Cd) etc., described sulfide system is compared with the oxide solid electrolyte of present main flow, and sulphion is compared easier polarization because radius is bigger with oxonium ion, is more suitable for the lithium ion diffusion, thereby obtains higher lithium ion conductivity.
Solid lithium battery solid electrolyte material provided by the invention has following 3 classes:
(A) Li
2S+A/I, A/I is AlI in the formula
3, ZnI
2, ZrI
4Or LaI
3, 0.5≤x≤1.5;
(B) yLi
2S-mA/I-zB/S, y+z=9 in the formula, y from 5.0 to 7.0, and m from 0.5 to 3, and B/S is SiS
2, 0.5P
2S
5, CeS
2Or 0.5B
2S
3A/I is AlI
3, ZnI
2, ZrI
4Or LaI
3
(C) yLi
2S-mA/I-zB/S-nLiI, y+z=9 in the formula, y from 5.0 to 7.0, and m from 0.5 to 3.0, and n from 0.5 to 3.0, and A/I is AlI
3, ZnI
2, ZrI
4Or LaI
3B/S is SiS
2, 0.5P
2S
5, CeS
2Or 0.5B
2S
3
Compare with the oxide solid electrolyte of present main flow,, compare easier polarization, be more suitable for ions diffusion, thereby obtain higher lithium ion conductivity with oxonium ion because of the ionic radius of sulphion and iodide ion is bigger;
Above-mentioned three its structures of based solid electrolyte material system are amorphous state, material internal has more defectives, bigger sponginess and high-energy more, promptly improve enterprise's structure openness, reduced anion to cationic binding force, thereby cationic transfer ability is improved.With 6Li
2S-0.5AlI
3-3SiS
2-LiI system be example (y=6, m=0.5, z=3, n=1), this system (≤200 ℃) under room temperature and higher temperature mainly shows as lithium ion conductor, room temperature total conductivity is the highest can reach 3.80 * 10 for it
-6S/cm, 150 ℃ is to reach 2.40 * 10
-3S/cm, activation energy are 0.50eV.
Adopt vacuum condition reaction down, the back ball grinding method that quenches then prepares powder body material, and concrete steps are:
Select above-described A, B, C three based solid electrolyte material mixture ratios for use, mix in accordance with the appropriate ratio and prepare burden, the quartz glass tube of packing into then is through vacuumizing (<10
-2Behind the Pa=, adopt the sealing-in of oxyhydrogen flame sealing by fusing, carry out solid phase reaction at 500 ℃~750 ℃, the reaction time is 10~14 hours.High temperature takes out, and quenching is to room temperature.Powder grinds under the argon atmospher protection again behind the open pipe.
The performance evaluation of described electric property is with the powder compressing tablet of above preparation (diameter 10mm, about thickness 1mm, pressure is 10MPa), finally makes lithium ion fast-ionic conductor test material.Then at two sides evaporation one deck gold film as conductive electrode, on electrochemical workstation (Shanghai occasion China 660B), carry out the electric conductivity evaluation.
Description of drawings
Figure 16 Li
2S-0.5AlI
3-3SiS
2-LiI alternating temperature impedance spectrum (Nyquist curve)
Figure 26 Li
2S-0.5AlI
3-3SiS
2The product of-LiI conductivity and temperature varies with temperature curve
Figure 36 Li
2S-0.5AlI
3-3SiS
2The product of conductivity and temperature varies with temperature curve
Figure 41 .5Li
2S-AlI
3The product of conductivity and temperature varies with temperature curve
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Select Li for use
2S, SiS
2, AlI
3With the LiI powder (Li of perhaps an amount of mol ratio
2S, silica flour, S powder, aluminium powder and iodine particle and LiI powder) (z=3 n=1) mixes and prepares burden for y=6, m=0.5, and the quartz glass tube of packing into then encapsulates (10 through vacuumizing after in selected ratio
-2Pa, the hydrogen-oxygen sealing by fusing), carry out solid phase reaction at 500 ℃~750 ℃, the reaction time is 10~14 hours.High temperature takes out, and quenching is to room temperature.Powder grinds behind the open pipe, and compressing tablet (diameter 10mm, about thickness 1mm, pressure is 10MPa) is finally made lithium ion fast-ionic conductor test material.
The conducting performance test (see figure 1) shows that it has the ionic conductance performance, and the low frequency end of the ac impedance spectroscopy under different temperatures can clearly observe the peculiar straightway of ionic conductivity.By calculating, can obtain its room temperature total conductivity is 3.80 * 10
-6S/cm can reach 2.40 * 10 in the time of 150 ℃
-3S/cm, simultaneously, to 1000/T mapping (Fig. 2, fabulous linearisation shows the ionic conductivity of body series), the ion transfer activation energy that calculates this material is (0.50eV) by 1g σ T.
Embodiment 2
Select Li for use
2S, SiS
2, AlI
3(z=3) prepare burden for y=6, m=0.5, and the quartz glass tube of packing into then encapsulates after vacuumizing, and carries out solid phase reaction at 500 ℃~750 ℃, and the reaction time is 10~14 hours by mixing in selected ratio for powder.High temperature takes out, and quenching is to room temperature.Powder grinds behind the open pipe, and compressing tablet (diameter 10mm, about thickness 1mm, pressure is 10MPa) is finally made lithium ion fast-ionic conductor test material.
Embodiment 3
Select Li for use
2S, AlI
3Powder mixes in selected ratio (x=1.5) prepares burden, the quartz glass tube of packing into then, and encapsulation is carried out solid phase reaction at 500 ℃~750 ℃ after vacuumizing, and the reaction time is 10~14 hours.High temperature takes out, and quenching is to room temperature.Powder grinds behind the open pipe, and compressing tablet (diameter 10mm, about thickness 1mm, pressure is 10MPa) is finally made lithium ion fast-ionic conductor test material.
To this system conducting performance test, Fig. 4 maps to 1000/T with 1g σ T, and fabulous linearisation shows the ionic conductivity of body series; The ion transfer activation energy that calculates this material is (0.53eV).The room temperature total conductivity is 3.60 * 10
-7S/cm can reach 2.36 * 10 in the time of 150 ℃
-3S/cm.
Claims (10)
1, the solid electrolyte material system that is used for all solid state lithium ion battery is characterized in that described solid electrolyte material has three classes:
(A) Li
2S+A/I, A/I is AlI in the formula
3, ZnI
2, ZrI
4Or LaI
3, 0.5≤x≤1.5;
(B) yLi
2S-mA/I-zB/S, y+z=9 in the formula, y from 5.0 to 7.0, and m from 0.5 to 3, and B/S is SiS
2, 0.5P
2S
5, CeS
2Or 0.5B
2S
3A/I is AlI
3, ZnI
2, ZrI
4Or LaI
3
(C) yLi
2S-mA/I-zB/S-nLiI, y+z=9 in the formula, y from 5.0 to 7.0, and m from 0.5 to 3.0, and n from 0.5 to 3.0, and A/I is AlI
3, ZnI
2, ZrI
4Or LaI
3B/S is SiS
2, 0.5P
2S
5, CeS
2Or 0.5B
2S
3
2,, it is characterized in that described solid electrolyte material is an amorphous state by the described solid electrolyte material that is used for all solid state lithium ion battery of claim 1.
3, the preparation method that is used for the solid electrolyte material of all solid state lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described category-A solid electrolyte material is by solid phase reaction under the vacuum condition, the back ball milling preparation of quenching then, concrete steps are:
(a) press Li
2The S+A/I mixed is prepared burden, and A/I is AlI in the formula
3, ZnI
2, ZrI
4Or LaI
3, 0.5≤x≤1.5;
(b) quartz glass tube of packing into then vacuumizes back oxyhydrogen flame sealing by fusing; Slowly rise to 450 ℃, insulation 24h;
(c) then carry out solid phase reaction being warming up to 500-750 ℃, the reaction time is 10-14h, grinds under the argon atmospher protection behind the open pipe behind the water-cooled cold quenching.
4,, it is characterized in that vacuum degree that step (b) vacuumizes is less than 10 by the described preparation method who is used for the solid electrolyte material of all solid state lithium ion battery of claim 3
-2Pa.
5, the preparation solid electrolyte material that is used for all solid state lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described category-B solid electrolyte material is by solid phase reaction under the vacuum condition, the back ball milling preparation of quenching then, concrete steps are:
(a) press yLi
2The S-mA/I-zB/S mixed is prepared burden, y+z=9 in the formula, and y from 5.0 to 7.0, and m from 0.5 to 3, and B/S is SiS
2, 0.5P
2S
5, CeS
2Or 0.5B
2S
3
(b) quartz glass tube of packing into then vacuumizes back oxyhydrogen flame sealing by fusing; Slowly rise to 450 ℃, insulation 24h;
(c) then carry out solid phase reaction being warming up to 500-750 ℃, the reaction time is 10-14h, grinds under the argon atmospher protection behind the open pipe behind the water-cooled cold quenching.
6,, it is characterized in that B/S sulfide in the step (a) is is that 99% sublimed sulfur reacts and generates by Si, P, Ce or B and purity by the described solid electrolyte material preparation method who is used for all solid state lithium ion battery of claim 5.
7, by the described solid electrolyte material preparation method who is used for all solid state lithium ion battery of claim 5, the vacuum degree that it is characterized in that vacuumizing in the step (b) is less than 10
-2Pa.
8, the preparation solid electrolyte material method that is used for all solid state lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described C based solid electrolyte material is by solid phase reaction under the vacuum condition, the back ball milling preparation of quenching then, concrete steps are:
(a) yLi
2S-mA/I-zB/S-nLiI, y+z=9 in the formula, y from 5.0 to 7.0, and m from 0.5 to 3.0, and n from 0.5 to 3.0, and A/I is AlI
3, ZnI
2, ZrI
4Or LaI
3B/S is SiS
2, 0.5P
2S
5, CeS
2Or 0.5B
2S
3
(b) quartz glass tube of packing into then vacuumizes back oxyhydrogen flame sealing by fusing; Slowly rise to 450 ℃, insulation 24h;
(c) then carry out solid phase reaction being warming up to 500-750 ℃, the reaction time is 10-14h, grinds under the argon atmospher protection behind the open pipe behind the water-cooled cold quenching.
9, the solid electrolyte material preparation method who is used for all solid state lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that B/S sulfide in the step (a) is is that 99% sublimed sulfur reacts and generates by Si, P, Ce or B and purity.
10, the solid electrolyte material preparation method who is used for all solid state lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 8, the vacuum degree that it is characterized in that vacuumizing in the step (b) is less than 10
-2Pa.
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