CN101013147A - High-frequency chirp radar directional diagram measuring method - Google Patents
High-frequency chirp radar directional diagram measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101013147A CN101013147A CN 200710051207 CN200710051207A CN101013147A CN 101013147 A CN101013147 A CN 101013147A CN 200710051207 CN200710051207 CN 200710051207 CN 200710051207 A CN200710051207 A CN 200710051207A CN 101013147 A CN101013147 A CN 101013147A
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Abstract
A high frequency linear modulation radar direction measurement method, characterized by: in the radar far-field, emitting single-frequency continuous sinusoidal signal as a measurement beacon, and the beacon carrying platform uses radar for the center to move for directional scanning; processing time-frequency analysis to the echo received by each radar antenna, to obtain the transient response value of each antenna, and corresponding with the beacons of instantaneous position, which is the antenna direction map. The invention uses a simple single-frequency signal transmission to achieve the measurement and calibration of the direction map, and compared with the traditional transponders measurement method, it greatly reduces system complexity and measurement cost, with inexpensive way to improve the effectiveness of the direction map measurement.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method that adopts the single frequency sinusoidal ripple that high-frequency chirp radar aerial array travel direction figure is measured and proofreaies and correct.
Background technology
High frequency (3-30MHz) radar is because of its unique over the horizon and round-the-clock detectivity, and obtained broad research and be successfully applied to during the ocean surface kinetic parameter measures, but and moving targets such as real-time detection naval vessel, aircraft and guided missile.Higher-frequency radar adopts the linear frequency modulation system usually.In the actual motion environment, the radar antenna directional diagram can distort because of the influence of atural object on every side, thereby the DOA estimation that causes obtaining departs from actual value and produces certain error, even produces mistake.Effective in order to obtain, high-precision target Bearing Estimation just need be measured the radar antenna directional diagram, and array manifold is proofreaied and correct.
Traditional directional diagram bearing calibration is to adopt high frequency to reply the pattern measurement that forwarding unit carries out each antenna, then array manifold is revised.Transponder is installed in certain and carries on platform, measures satisfying on certain circular arc of radar wave far field condition pointwise.The swept-frequency signal of transponder receiving radar emission will be launched after its time-delay then, and is received by radar.Received signal transmits free the delay and amplitude fading, is the line spectrum on the distance element that is determined by time delay through its spectrum after the demodulation.The response of each antenna on each orientation provided by the received signal spectral amplitude, obtain the antenna response on a plurality of selected position angles after, the antenna response of any direction can be obtained by its interpolation.In this scheme, transponder need possess signal reception, time-delay and emission function simultaneously, and hardware design and realization are all complicated.Simultaneously, such scheme requires transponder to want resident certain hour on different azimuth, make it to keep stationary state to measure, therefore, obtain the antenna response value on a plurality of orientation, will carry out repeatedly resident, point-to-point measurement, it is consuming time longer to finish the measurement that connects an array pattern like this, expends also higher.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of simple and direct effective and cheap high-frequency chirp radar directional diagram measuring method,, reduce difficulty and the expense measured to improve the dirigibility of antenna measurement in the higher-frequency radar system.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of high-frequency chirp radar directional diagram measuring method, it is characterized in that: as measuring beacon, and to carry platform be that central motion is to carry out azimuth scan with the radar at the beacon place at radar far-field emission single-frequency continuation sinusoidal; The echo of collecting on each antenna of radar is carried out time frequency analysis, obtain the transient response value of each antenna, the transient bearing (being provided by the GPS on the platform of information source place) of itself and beacon is mapped one by one, can obtain antenna radiation pattern.
Aforesaid high-frequency chirp radar directional diagram measuring method, it is characterized in that: in order to eliminate the adverse effect that the decline of carrying during platform swing, the radio wave propagation etc. is proofreaied and correct directional diagram, only calculate the relative direction circle of each antenna, carry out correction calculation then certain reference antenna; And when calculating the time-frequency distributions of beacon signal, can on a plurality of distance elements, do all, with the raising signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio), improve measuring accuracy.
For difficulty and the expense that reduces measurement, the present invention utilizes the single frequency sinusoidal signal of place, radar far field emission as beacon, realizes the measurement and the correction of antenna direction circle.The circuit of emission single frequency sinusoidal signal is realized very simple, need not to receive and delay function, and is cheap.Especially, in measurement scheme of the present invention, beacon can move at any time, finishes measurement at the volley, and is time saving and energy saving, and its movement locus also no longer is limited to apart from the circular arc.Only need analyze by the echoed signal that radar is gathered, obtain to receive on each antenna the instantaneous amplitude of beacon signal, the orientation that obtains with GPS on the platform of beacon place is mapped one by one, just can obtain antenna radiation pattern.The influence of the signal amplitude shake that causes for the shake of eliminating the beacon emissions antenna and the decline in the radio wave propagation can be established certain antenna element for reference to unit, by each antenna to the relative signal amplitude of reference antenna as relative direction figure, realize the correction of array manifold.
Beneficial effect: the present invention is by carrying emission single frequency sinusoidal ripple on the platform in the radar far field, change azimuth firing angle by carrying the slow motion of platform in the radar wave areal coverage, obtain the instantaneous relative amplitude value that responds on each antenna by the echoed signal of radar collection, it is corresponding with the transient bearing of being noted down by GPS on the motion platform, obtain the relative direction figure of each antenna, with it radar array stream shape is proofreaied and correct then.The present invention launches by simple simple signal and realizes pattern measurement and correction, compares with the metering system of traditional employing transponder, greatly reduces system complexity and measures cost, has improved the validity of pattern measurement in the mode of cheapness.Advantage of the present invention is, measuring cost reduces significantly, only need the simple signal emitter, and beacon is carried the platform motion track do not have strict annulus constraint condition, need not on each orientation resident a period of time measures, measurement can be carried out at the volley, thereby has improved the efficient of pattern measurement.
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is done more detailed explanation.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 higher-frequency radar fundamental diagram.Wherein, 1 receiving antenna, 2 local oscillation signals, 3 separate range conversion, 4 Doppler-shifts, 5 dimensional orientation conversion.
The time-frequency distributions of the single-frequency beacon of Fig. 2 embodiment of the invention.
The antenna radiation pattern measuring system theory diagram of Fig. 3 embodiment of the invention.Wherein, 3.1 beacon module, 3.2GPS, 3.3 simple signal sources, 3.4 beacon signal emitting antennas, 3.5 radar receiving antennas, 3.6 radar receiving processing modules, 3.7 beacon signal time frequency analysis modules, 3.8 antenna relative direction figure calculate and correction module.
Embodiment
Key of the present invention is to utilize the time-frequency form of simple signal after linear frequency modulated(FM) radar receiver is handled to extract the amplitude response of each antenna, and the instantaneous amplitude on each antenna of radar is obtained by the average time-frequency distributions of remote section echoed signal; Each antenna is corresponding one by one with the platform instantaneous azimuth to the instantaneous amplitude ratio of a certain reference antenna, obtain each antenna relative direction figure.
Fig. 2 is the time frequency distribution map of the typical single-frequency beacon signal of a width of cloth, as seen from the figure two of beacon signal tangible time-frequency ridges.The instantaneous amplitude of signal can obtain by time-frequency distributions, tries to achieve the instantaneous amplitude ratio of each antenna with respect to reference antenna, and with corresponding one by one by the orientation of GPS record, can obtain relative direction figure.Especially, can provide a larger distance section, make not contain sea echo signal on this distance segment, the beacon time-frequency distributions on this distance segment is averaged by rational radar parameter design, can be in the hope of more accurate relative direction figure.Concrete directional diagram correct operation is multiply by relative direction figure by each the antenna response vector on the position angle of beacon motion scanning, to replace desirable array manifold to carry out Estimation of Spatial Spectrum with this and get final product.
For the present invention is described better, below the principle of work of linear frequency modulation system higher-frequency radar, the spectrum signature and the relative direction figure correction principle of single-frequency beacon are simply introduced.
The principle of work block diagram of high-frequency ground wave radar as shown in Figure 1.Radar adopts the linear frequency modulation system, in each frequency sweep cycle to demodulation after the signal discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of carrying out low-pass filtering, sampling and fast time domain obtain the distance spectrum of this frequency sweep cycle, wherein each spectrum is o'clock corresponding to a spectrum value sample on the distance element, in time a plurality of distance spectrum sequences are carried out slow time domain discrete Fourier transform at the coherent accumulation of being made up of a plurality of frequency sweep cycles and obtain distance-Doppler's two-dimensional spectrum (as shown in Figure 1, wherein 1 is receiving antenna, 2 is local oscillation signal, 3 for separating range conversion, 4 is Doppler-shift, and 5 is the dimensional orientation conversion).Distance-doppler spectral by signal on a plurality of receiving antenna passages just can extract extra large attitude information and moving target information.
Linear FM radar transmit and local oscillation signal can be expressed as
F wherein
0, k and T be respectively radar center frequency, chirp slope and frequency sweep cycle, t is fast time variable.
Analyze the spectrum form of simple signal after higher-frequency radar receives also conversion below.N (n=0 ..., N-1) in the individual frequency sweep cycle, simple signal can be expressed as
s
I(t′)＝acos[2πf
It′+
I+
D(t′)]， (2)
Wherein t '=nT+t is common (entirely) time variable, a, f
IAnd
IBe respectively amplitude, frequency and first phase,
D(t ') is the additional doppler phase that the platform motion of beacon place causes.Suppose that the platform radial velocity is v (t '), then has
Mixing output undesired signal is s (t ')=s
I(t ') g* (t).The interior distance spectrum of n frequency sweep cycle that forms by baseband low pass filters H (f) back is
S
n(f)＝F[s(t′)]H(f)＝F[s
I(t′)g*(t)]H(f)， (4)
F[wherein] Fourier transform of expression t when fast, subscript " expression frequency sweep cycle sequence number.
Have by formula (2)
s
I(t′)＝s
I(t)e
j[2πfInT+(t′)]≈s
I(t)e
j[2πfInT+D(nT)]，
(5)
Here ignored the phase change value that in a frequency sweep cycle, causes by the beacon motion.So the distance spectrum of single-frequency beacon is
S
n(f)＝F[s
I(t′)g*(t)]H(f)＝{F[s
I(t)g*(t)]H(f)}e
j[2πfIn7+I)(nT)]
＝S
0(f)e
j[2πfInT+I(nT)].
(6)
This shows the characteristic of motion single-frequency beacon distance spectrum, it is a time varying frequency sinusoidal signal in slow time domain (is variable with n), thereby becomes the harmonic spectrum form when presenting simple component in the time-frequency combination territory, and this form and range-independence.When the single-frequency beacon is static, on distance-doppler spectral, be rendered as two crestal lines that are parallel to distance axis about the zero-frequency symmetry, its frequency location is ± f
I), wherein
F wherein
r=1/T is the pulse repetition rate of radar.And when platform relative radar in single-frequency beacon place had motion, the instantaneous frequency of beacon signal was
f
D(n)＝±f
D(0)+v(n)f
I/c·(8)
Two crestal lines will be to same direction shifted by delta f=v (n) f constantly at n
I/ c.
The slow time-domain signal of gathering on each antenna is carried out time frequency analysis, can obtain the instantaneous frequency and the instantaneous amplitude of beacon signal, it with corresponding by the transient bearing of the GPS acquisition of carrying on the beacon platform, can be obtained the transient response value of each antenna.But, comprised also in this response that the signal source that is caused by beacon antenna swing rises and falls and wave path in the effects such as fluctuating that produce, therefore more rational directional diagram bearing calibration is to adopt relative direction figure to proofread and correct, and also only need measure the relative direction figure of each antenna in the reality.It should be noted that the selection of single-frequency beacon frequency here should guarantee that mixer output signal can pass through low-pass filter, generally can be chosen as near the frequency in the center of frequently sweeping.
Claims (2)
1, a kind of high-frequency chirp radar directional diagram measuring method is characterized in that: as measuring beacon, and to carry platform be that central motion is to carry out azimuth scan with the radar at the beacon place at radar far-field emission single-frequency continuation sinusoidal; The echo of collecting on each antenna of radar is carried out time frequency analysis, obtain the transient response value of each antenna, the transient bearing of itself and beacon is mapped one by one, promptly obtain antenna radiation pattern.
2, as claim 1 high-frequency chirp radar directional diagram measuring method, it is characterized in that: in order to eliminate the adverse effect that the decline of carrying during platform swing, the radio wave propagation etc. is proofreaied and correct directional diagram, only calculate the relative direction figure of each antenna, carry out correction calculation then certain reference antenna; And when calculating the time-frequency distributions of beacon signal, on a plurality of distance elements, average, to improve signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio), improve measuring accuracy.
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| CN102445599A (en) * | 2011-11-16 | 2012-05-09 | 电子科技大学 | Frequency domain measuring method of array antenna directional pattern |
| CN102565556A (en) * | 2010-12-14 | 2012-07-11 | 财团法人工业技术研究院 | Display for instantly visualizing radiation pattern and display method thereof |
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| CN1259629C (en) * | 2004-04-08 | 2006-06-14 | 上海交通大学 | Width realtive processing method of super broadband ground finding radar based on time frequency analysis |
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