CN101010598B - Gps接收机及相关方法和装置 - Google Patents

Gps接收机及相关方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN101010598B
CN101010598B CN2005800282223A CN200580028222A CN101010598B CN 101010598 B CN101010598 B CN 101010598B CN 2005800282223 A CN2005800282223 A CN 2005800282223A CN 200580028222 A CN200580028222 A CN 200580028222A CN 101010598 B CN101010598 B CN 101010598B
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gps signal
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CN101010598A (zh
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迈克尔·D·詹姆斯
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BLOX AG U
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
    • G01S19/01—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
    • G01S19/13—Receivers
    • G01S19/24—Acquisition or tracking or demodulation of signals transmitted by the system
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
    • G01S19/01—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
    • G01S19/03—Cooperating elements; Interaction or communication between different cooperating elements or between cooperating elements and receivers
    • G01S19/09—Cooperating elements; Interaction or communication between different cooperating elements or between cooperating elements and receivers providing processing capability normally carried out by the receiver
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
    • G01S19/01—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
    • G01S19/13—Receivers
    • G01S19/24—Acquisition or tracking or demodulation of signals transmitted by the system
    • G01S19/29—Acquisition or tracking or demodulation of signals transmitted by the system carrier including Doppler, related
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/0009—Transmission of position information to remote stations
    • G01S5/0018—Transmission from mobile station to base station
    • G01S5/0036—Transmission from mobile station to base station of measured values, i.e. measurement on mobile and position calculation on base station
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
    • G01S19/01—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
    • G01S19/13—Receivers
    • G01S19/35—Constructional details or hardware or software details of the signal processing chain

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Position Fixing By Use Of Radio Waves (AREA)
  • Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Circuits Of Receivers In General (AREA)
  • Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)

Abstract

公开了GPS接收机(10)，包括GPS天线和GPS RF前端，所述GPS RF前端包括模数转换器以及处理器，所述模数转换器用于对所接收的GPS信号进行采样；所述处理器用于输出所述GPS信号采样流，以及将计时数据的重复实例代替所述GPS信号采样中的一部分，来插入所述采样流中，其中，所述计时数据指示所述GPS信号采样的计时。还公开了提供定位的相应方法，以及计算机程序、计算机可读存储介质及其装置。

Description

GPS接收机及相关方法和装置
技术领域
本发明涉及GPS接收机，该GPS接收机包括：GPS天线和GPS RF前端，该GPS RF前端包括模数转换器，用于对所接收的GPS信号进行采样；以及处理器，用于输出GPS信号采样。
本发明还涉及用于提供位置定位的相应方法以及涉及计算机程序、计算机可读存储介质及其装置，其中该方法包括以下步骤：从GPS接收机接收GPS信号采样，并对GPS信号采样进行处理，以确定位置定位。
背景技术
Akos等所著的文章“Real-time software radio architecture for GPSreceivers”(GPS世界，2001年7月)公开了“软件GPS”，其中，与模拟或离散硬连线组件相反，通过可编程微处理器或数字信号处理器来实现大量的GPS信号处理。如该文章的图2中所示，提供了简化的GPS接收机，该GPS接收机由GPS天线和GPS RF前端组成，其中，该GPS RF前端用于GPS信号预处理(包括滤波、放大和下变频转换)和模数转换。然后，将从GPS接收机中输出的GPS信号采样馈送入现代PC或膝上型电脑，该现代PC或膝上型电脑运行适合的GPS信号处理软件，该软件用于对信号进行处理以确定位置定位。该文章的作者预期GPS接收机是“插入”模块(即，“适配器(dongle)”类型的设备)，这是由于可以廉价地制造该模块的简单结构，从而有利于普遍采用。当然，位于PC上的GPS信号处理软件原本复制起来非常便宜。
为了跟踪使用这种设置的GPS接收机，第一部分定位通常将会(缺少AGPS数据)需要在30s内获得并跟踪GPS信号，以确保GPS周时(TOW)的接收和更新天文历表数据。
以下，在也许使用传统的基于硬件的GPS接收机时，通常将不会连续跟踪GPS信号，而是将会定期地对GPS信号的小块(通常称为“快照”)进行重新采样和加时间戳，并重新获得每个块的GPS信号。由于已知连续的快照之间的时间差，所以在这样的小快照上的位置定位是可能的(使用时间戳)，因而可以对前一快照的GPS时间测量进行外插，以获得对后一快照的GPS时间的估计，其中，必须发生对后一快照的重新获得。此外，由于可以对所观察的多普勒效应和特定快照中的GPS信号的编码阶段作出假设，所以可以使用GPS时间的天文历表和估计来简化获取过程。
因此，典型地，紧随实时GPS信号采样流之后，所描述类型的GPS RF前端将会输出相对时间戳(即，使用GPS接收机前端的时基)，其中，可以将实时GPS信号采样流作为快照高速缓存于计算机中，并随后进行处理。
可选方式将会提供与GPS信号采样流并行的定时信息，然而，携带GPS信号采样流的路径通常是GPS RF前端与计算机之间仅有的同步信号路径。其它路径可以具有定时不确定度，例如，中断管脚或输入/输出端口，所以使用并行信号路径很难以任何精度来传输计时信息。
发明内容
根据本发明，提供了GPS接收机，该GPS接收机包括GPS天线和GPS RF前端，该GPS RF前端包括模数转换器以及处理器，该模数转换器用于对所接收的GPS信号进行采样；该处理器用于输出GPS信号采样流，并将定时数据(可选地，包括同步码字)的重复实例代替GPS信号采样中的一部分，来插入该流中，其中，该定时数据指示GPS信号采样的定时。
此外，根据本发明，提供了一种用于提供定位的方法以及提供了计算机程序、计算机可读存储介质及其装置，其中该方法包括以下步骤：在GPS信号采样流中识别定时数据的重复实例(instance)，其中，该定时数据指示GPS信号采样的定时；以及使用该定时数据来处理GPS信号采样，以确定该定位。
发明人实现了：不必在独立的物理或虚拟信道或快照有效载荷之前的报头中发送这样的定时信息。而是，可以将该数据直接插入GPS信号采样流，即，使用单个信道、以及不需要附加信道或复用。
附加优点在于，可以使用定时数据的重度实例来检查快照的完整性。例如，如果定时数据不是在GPS信号采样流中所期望的，则该定时数据是已经破坏了GPS信号采样流的指示。
GPS信号采样的丢失具有最小的影响，以及事实上，优选地，可以原本就使包含一个或多个时间戳的GPS信号采样块相关，以获取GPS信号。
附图说明
现在将参照附图，仅作为示例，对本发明进行描述，其中，在附图中，示意性地示出了与GPS接收机连接的膝上型PC，GPS接收机和膝上型PC均根据本发明进行操作。
具体实施方式
参照附图，膝上型PC通过USB PC端口和相应的电缆与GPS接收机10连接，其中，GPS接收机10由GPS RF前端Rx和GPS天线组成。尽管GPS接收机可能是“适配器”类型的设备，从而省略电缆，但是电缆有利于GPS接收机(包括天线)在显著位置中的定位，从而增加了获取GPS信号的机会。例如，如果在室内进行操作，则可以将GPS接收机放置在靠近窗户的位置。
在操作时，GPS接收机通过天线来接收NAVSTAR SPS GPS信号，并对信号进行预处理，典型地，通过无源带通滤波器以将带外RF干扰最小化、预放大、下变频转换至中频(IF)、以及模数转换。所得到的GPS信号采样包含保持被调制的IF信号，还包含来自可用卫星的所有信息。
根据本发明，使用插入数据流中的定期定时数据来代替GPS信号采样中的一部分，通过USB链接将GPS信号采样从GPS接收机输出至PC存储器(未示出)，其中，该定时数据指示GPS信号采样的定时(相对于GPS RF前端的时基)。
使用基于膝上型PC的GPS信号处理软件，然后使用时间戳(如第二页中描述的)来处理GPS信号采样，从而出于推导可以使用传统导航算法从中确定出PC位置的伪范围信息的目的，可以获取GPS信号。这样的GPS信号获取和伪范围处理是已知的，例如，见GPSPrinciples and Application(Editor，Kaplan)ISBN 0-89006-793-7ArtechHouse。
可以基于先前识别的定时数据的实例，通过在GPS信号采样流中搜索定时数据的期望实例，来识别定时数据的实例；或者可选地，在使用了同步码字时，通过在GPS信号采样流中搜索这样的同步码字，来识别定时数据的实例。理想地，如果使用了同步码字，则选择同步码字，以使得在GPS信号采样流中出现非常低的概率。
尽管在膝上型PC的环境下示出了本发明，但是显然本发明可以同等地应用于能够支持GPS信号处理软件的其它装置，并且根据本发明，GPS接收机可以与该装置连接。例如，本发明可以与诸如PDA和电话之类的移动设备一起使用；或者通常诸如电视机或电视机顶盒之类的固定对象一起使用。
此外，尽管在上述示例中，GPS接收机与GPS信号处理软件之间的连接完全是有线的，但是可以想象，该连接可以包括无线链路。
最后，尽管已经由美国国防部开发和在目前操作的基于空间的全天候导航系统NAVSTAR GPS的环境下对本发明进行了描述，但是将会理解，本发明可同等地应用于其它全球定位系统，包括GLONASS和Galileo及其混合系统。

Claims (5)

1.一种GPS接收机，包括GPS天线和GPS RF前端，所述GPS RF前端包括模数转换器以及处理器，所述模数转换器用于对所接收的GPS信号进行采样；所述处理器用于输出GPS信号采样流，以及将定时数据的重复实例插入所述采样流中，其中，所述定时数据指示GPS信号采样的定时，所述定时数据的重复实例是代替所述GPS信号采样中的一部分插入所述采样流中的。
2.根据权利要求1所述的GPS接收机，其中，所述定时数据包括同步码字，如果定时数据在GPS信号采样流中不在所期望的位置，则该定时数据是GPS信号采样流已受破坏的指示。
3.一种提供定位的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
·从GPS接收机接收GPS信号采样流；
·在所述GPS信号采样流中识别定时数据的重复实例，其中，所述定时数据指示GPS信号采样的定时，且所述定时数据是被所述GPS接收机代替所述GPS信号采样中的一部分而插入的；以及
·使用所述定时数据来处理所述GPS信号采样，以确定定位。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其中，基于先前识别的计时数据的实例，通过在所述GPS信号采样流中搜索计时数据的期望实例，来识别定时数据的实例。
5.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其中，通过在所述GPS信号采样流中搜索同步码字，来识别定时数据的实例。
CN2005800282223A 2004-08-18 2005-08-11 Gps接收机及相关方法和装置 Active CN101010598B (zh)

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GBGB0418357.0A GB0418357D0 (en) 2004-08-18 2004-08-18 Gps receiver and related method and apparatus
PCT/IB2005/052672 WO2006018803A1 (en) 2004-08-18 2005-08-11 Gps receiver and related method and apparatus

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ATE389189T1 (de) 2008-03-15
DE602005005340T2 (de) 2009-07-02
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CN101010598A (zh) 2007-08-01
JP2008510160A (ja) 2008-04-03
KR20070048788A (ko) 2007-05-09
US7916079B2 (en) 2011-03-29
JP5101281B2 (ja) 2012-12-19
WO2006018803A1 (en) 2006-02-23
EP1782088A1 (en) 2007-05-09
GB0418357D0 (en) 2004-09-22
EP1782088B1 (en) 2008-03-12
US20080094279A1 (en) 2008-04-24

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