CN101010268A - Optimized liquid-phase oxidation - Google Patents
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- CN101010268A CN101010268A CN 200580029607 CN200580029607A CN101010268A CN 101010268 A CN101010268 A CN 101010268A CN 200580029607 CN200580029607 CN 200580029607 CN 200580029607 A CN200580029607 A CN 200580029607A CN 101010268 A CN101010268 A CN 101010268A
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Abstract
Disclosed is an optimized process and apparatus for more efficiently and economically carrying out the liquid-phase oxidation of an oxidizable compound. Such liquid-phase oxidation is carried out in a bubble column reactor that provides for a highly efficient reaction at relatively low temperatures. When the oxidized compound is para-xylene and the product from the oxidation reaction is crude terephthali c acid (CTA), such CTA product can be purified and separated by more economic altechniques than could be employed if the CTA were formed by a conventional high- temperature oxidation process.
Description
Invention field
The liquid phase catalytic oxidation method of a kind of aromatic substance of relate generally to of the present invention.The partial oxidation that an aspect of of the present present invention relates to dialkyl aromatic compound (for example right-dimethylbenzene) prepares crude aromatic dicarboxylic acids (for example crude terephthalic acid), and crude aromatic dicarboxylic acids can be carried out purifying and separate subsequently.Another aspect of the present invention relates to the modified version bubbling column reactor of the liquid-phase oxidation that provides more effective and more economical.
Background of invention
Adopt liquid phase oxidation reaction in the various existing business methods.For example, liquid-phase oxidation turns to acid (for example propionic aldehyde is oxidized to propionic acid) through being usually used in formoxy-at present, and cyclohexane oxidation is that hexanodioic acid and alkylaromatic hydrocarbon are oxidized to alcohol, acid or diacid.The commercial oxidation technology of particularly important is that right-dimethylbenzene liquid-phase catalysis partial oxidation is a terephthalic acid in back one class (oxidation of alkylaromatic hydrocarbon).Terephthalic acid is a kind of important compound with multiple application.The main application of terephthalic acid is for producing the charging of polyethylene terephthalate (PET).PET is a kind of known plastics that are used in a large number in the world produce such as bottle, fiber and packaged products.
In typical liquid-phase oxidation, comprise that right-dimethylbenzene partial oxidation is a terephthalic acid, liquid-phase feed stream and gaseous oxidizing agent logistics are introduced reactor and form the heterogeneous reaction medium in reactor.The liquid-phase feed stream of introducing reactor contains at least a oxidizable organic compound (for example right-dimethylbenzene), and gaseous oxidizing agent logistics simultaneously contains molecular oxygen.The molecular oxygen of at least a portion introducing reactor in the liquid phase of reaction medium, provides liquid phase reaction obtainable oxygen as gas dissolving thus.If when the liquid phase of heterogeneous reaction medium contained the molecular oxygen (for example, if a part of reaction medium is " anoxybiotic ") of not enough concentration, the speed aspect that the side reaction of not expecting can produce the reaction of impurity and/or expection can be delayed.When if the liquid phase of reaction medium contains oxidable very little compound, speed of reaction may be slowly undesirable.In addition, if when the liquid phase of reaction medium contains the oxidable compound of excessive concentrations, the extra side reaction of not expecting can produce impurity.
Traditional liquid-phase oxidation reactor is equipped with the whipping device that is used to mix wherein contained heterogeneous reaction medium.The stirring that reaction medium is provided is in order to promote molecular oxygen to be dissolved in the liquid phase of reaction medium, keep concentration dissolved oxygen relatively uniformly in the liquid phase of reaction medium, relative oxidizable organic compound uniformly with maintenance concentration in the liquid phase of reaction medium.
The stirring of carrying out the reaction medium of liquid-phase oxidation often provides by the mechanical stirring equipment in the container, for example continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) (CSTR).Though CSTR can provide the thorough stirring of reaction medium, there are many defectives in CSTR.For example, CSTR has relative high cost of investment owing to they need expensive electric motor, fluid closed type bearing and transmission shaft and/or complicated agitation mechanism.In addition, the rotation of traditional C TR and/or swing mechanical organ need regular maintenance.Labor force who is associated with this maintenance and the running cost that has increased CSTR shutdown period.But even carry out regular maintenance, also there was a mechanical failure easily in the mechanical stirring system that adopts among the CSTR, and may need to change through the short relatively time.
Bubbling column reactor provides a kind of attractive substitute mode of CSTR and other mechanical stirring oxidation reactor.Bubbling column reactor provides the stirring of reaction medium, does not need expensive and insecure mechanical means.Bubbling column reactor generally includes the vertical response district of the elongation that wherein contains reaction medium.The stirring of reaction medium mainly provides by the buoyancy that the bubble of reaction medium liquid phase itself is passed in rising in the reaction zone.With respect to the mechanical stirring reactor, this self buoyancy that provides in bubbling column reactor stirs and has reduced investment and maintenance cost.In addition, relevant with bubbling column reactor, do not exist mobile mechanical part to provide basically and be not easy the oxidation system that there was a mechanical failure more with respect to the mechanical stirring reactor.
When carrying out the performing liquid-phase partial oxidation of right-dimethylbenzene in conventional oxidation reactor (CSTR or bubble tower), the product of discharging from reactor is generally the slurry that contains crude terephthalic acid (CTA) and mother liquor.CTA contains the impurity (for example 4-carboxyl benzaldehyde, right-toluic acid, Fluorenone and other color bodies) of relative high density, makes it be not suitable for as the charging of producing PET.Thus, usually the CTA that generates in the conventional oxidation reactor is carried out purifying process, CTA is converted into is applicable to the purification of terephthalic acid (PTA) of producing PET.
A kind of typical purification process that is used for CTA is converted into PTA, comprise the following steps: that the displacement of (1) water contains the mother liquor of the slurry of CTA, (2) heating CTA/ water slurry, so that CTA is dissolved in the water, (3) the catalytic hydrogenation CTA/ aqueous solution, be more expectation and/or segregative compound thus with impurity conversion, (4) precipitates PTA and (5) PTA of fractional crystallization from remaining liq of acquisition from hydrogenant solution by the multistage crystallization step.Though effectively, this quasi-tradition purification process may be very expensive.Cause the expensive various factors of traditional CT A purification process to comprise: for example, promote that CTA is dissolved in the required heat energy of water, the catalyzer that hydrogenation is required, the hydrogen stream that hydrogenation is required, productive rate (yield) loss and the required a plurality of containers of multistage crystallization that cause owing to the hydrogenation of some terephthalic acids.Thus, expectation provides can not have the promoted CTA product that is dissolved in water, hydrogenation and/or multistage crystallization just can purifying of heat requirement.
Goal of the invention
Thus, the objective of the invention is, a kind of more effective and more economical liquid-phase oxidation reactor and method are provided.
Another object of the present invention is, provides that a kind of to be used for right-dimethylbenzene liquid-phase catalysis partial oxidation be reactor terephthalic acid, more effective and more economical and method.
Still another purpose of the present invention is, a kind of bubbling column reactor is provided, and it promotes that impurity forms less improved liquid phase oxidation reaction.
Still another purpose of the present invention is, a kind of pure terephthalic acid (PTA) system (RTA), more effective and more economical that is used to prepare is provided, its by liquid-phase oxidation right-dimethylbenzene makes crude terephthalic acid (CTA) and is PTA with the CTA purifying subsequently.
Another object of the present invention is, provide a kind of be used for oxidation right-dimethylbenzene and produce the bubbling column reactor of CTA product, it can need not heating and promote CTA to be dissolved in water, hydrogenation dissolved CTA and/or multistep crystallization hydrogenant PTA to carry out purifying.
Should be pointed out that scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims, be not limited to realize the method or the equipment of all above-mentioned purposes.But desired scope of the present invention can comprise the multiple systems of be unrealized whole or any above-mentioned purpose.On the basis of reading following detailed description and accompanying drawing, other purpose of the present invention and advantage will be conspicuous easily to those skilled in the art.
Summary of the invention
One embodiment of the invention relate to a kind of method, this method comprises that oxidation is contained in the oxidable compound in the reaction medium liquid phase in the stirred reactor, wherein this reaction medium has the gas hold up at least about 0.6, based on time average and volume averaging basis.
Another embodiment of the invention relates to the terephthalic acid production method that may further comprise the steps: thus (a) oxidation right-dimethylbenzene liquid phase of being contained in phase reaction medium in the bubbling column reactor forms crude terephthalic acid, wherein this reaction medium has the gas hold up at least about 0.6, based on time average and volume averaging basis; (b) thereby oxidation at least a portion crude terephthalic acid forms purer terephthalic acid in the secondary oxidative reactor.
Description of drawings
Describe the preferred embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in detail, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the side-view according to the oxidation reactor of one embodiment of this invention structure, described especially charging, oxygenant and reflux stream have been introduced reactor, there is the heterogeneous reaction medium in the reactor and takes out gas and slurry from reactor head and bottom respectively;
Fig. 2 is along the cross sectional side view of the amplification of the bubbling column reactor bottom that Fig. 3 center line 2-2 obtains, and has described the position and the structure that are used for oxidant stream is introduced the oxygenant atomizer of reactor especially;
Fig. 3 is the vertical view of Fig. 2 oxygenant atomizer, has described the oxygenant opening at oxygenant atomizer top especially;
Fig. 4 is the upward view of Fig. 2 oxygenant atomizer, has described the oxygenant opening of oxygenant atomizer bottom especially;
Fig. 5 is the cross sectional side view of the oxygenant atomizer that obtains along Fig. 3 center line 5-5, described especially oxygenant opening in oxygenant atomizer top and the bottom towards;
Fig. 6 is the side-view of the amplification of bubbling column reactor bottom, has described the system that is used in the position of a plurality of longitudinal intervals feed stream being introduced reactor especially;
Fig. 7 is the cross sectional plan view that obtains along Fig. 6 center line 7-7, has described the charging drawing-in system shown in Fig. 6 especially and how feed stream has been distributed in preferred radial intake zone (FZ) and the more than one orientation quadrant (Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4);
Fig. 8 is the cross sectional plan view that is similar to Fig. 7, but has described the substitute mode that is used for feed stream is fed to reactor, adopts the bayonet tube that has a plurality of little opening for feeds separately;
Fig. 9 is the isometric view of replacement system, this system is used in the position of a plurality of longitudinal intervals feed stream being introduced reaction zone, need not a plurality of containers and run through (penetration), described the charging system of distribution especially and can be supported on the oxygenant atomizer at least in part;
Figure 10 is for singly running through the side-view of charging system of distribution and oxygenant atomizer shown in Fig. 9;
Figure 11 is the cross sectional plan view that obtains along Figure 10 center line 11-11, and has further described to be supported on and singly run through the charging system of distribution on the oxygenant atomizer;
Figure 12 is the isometric view of the oxygenant atomizer of replacement, and its whole oxygenant openings are arranged in the bottom of ring-type element;
Figure 13 is the vertical view of oxygenant atomizer of the replacement of Figure 12;
Figure 14 is the upward view of oxygenant atomizer of the replacement of Figure 12, has described the position that is used for oxidant stream is introduced the bottom opening of reaction zone especially;
Figure 15 is the cross sectional side view of the oxygenant atomizer that obtains of the line 15-15 in Figure 13, described especially than suboxide agent opening towards;
Figure 16 is the side-view of bubbling column reactor, and it is being equipped with inner degassing container near the position of reactor bottom outlet;
Figure 17 is the cross sectional side view than the amplification of lower part of that the line 17-17 in Figure 18 obtains, Figure 16 bubbling column reactor, has described the structure of the inside degassing container that is positioned at bubbling column reactor outlet at bottom place especially;
Figure 18 is the cross sectional plan view that the line 18-18 in Figure 16 obtains, and has described the vortex breaker that is arranged in the degassing container especially;
Figure 19 is the side-view that is equipped with the bubbling column reactor of outside degassing container, and has described the mode that wherein a part of degassing slurry that leaves the degassing container bottom can be used for washing elimination stock (de-inventorying) pipeline that is connected in reactor bottom;
Figure 20 is the side-view of bubbling column reactor, and this reactor is equipped with blend interior/outside degassing container that the gas phase that is used for making the reaction medium that takes out from the high-order side position of reactor breaks away from;
Figure 21 is the side-view of bubbling column reactor, and this reactor is equipped with the mixed type degassing container of replacement in the position near reactor bottom;
Figure 22 is the amplification profile side-view than lower part of Figure 21 bubbling column reactor, has described the use of the oxygenant atomizer of replacing especially, and this atomizer has adopted the inlet conduits that receives via the oxidant stream on reactor chassis;
Figure 23 is the cross sectional side view that is similar to the amplification of Figure 22, the substitute mode that is used for oxidant stream is introduced reactor has been described especially, it passes through a plurality of openings in the reactor lower wall, and randomly adopts strike plate with the oxidant stream that distributes more equably in reactor;
Figure 24 is the side-view that has adopted the bubbling column reactor of internal flow conduit, thus by a part of reaction medium is recycled to the dispersion that reactor lower part helps improve oxidable compound from reactor top;
Figure 25 is the side-view that has adopted the bubbling column reactor of flows outside conduit, thus by a part of reaction medium is recycled to the dispersion that reactor lower part helps improve oxidable compound from reactor top;
Figure 26 is the cross sectional side view of the dispersive horizontal-jet device that can be used for improving the oxidable compound of oxidation reactor, described especially use the liquid feeding introduced with reaction medium be drawn onto in the injector and the mixture of charging and reaction medium is discharged into injector in the reaction zone at a high speed;
Figure 27 is the cross sectional side view of the vertical injector of dispersive that can be used for improving the oxidable compound of oxidation reactor, injector has been described especially, this injector combines liquid feeding and inlet gas and uses the bonded two-phase fluid that reaction medium is sucked in the injector and be discharged into the mixture of liquid feeding, inlet gas and reaction medium in the reaction zone at a high speed;
Figure 28 is the side-view that contains the bubbling column reactor of heterogeneous reaction medium, has described especially in theory reaction medium to be divided into 30 isopyknic horizontal stratifications, quantizes certain gradient thus in reaction medium;
Figure 29 is the side-view that contains the bubbling column reactor of heterogeneous reaction medium, has described the reaction medium of the first and second 20% continuous volumes that disperse especially, and it has different basically oxygen concns and/or oxygen consumption rate;
Figure 30 is the side-view of two stacked reaction vessels, has or do not have optional mechanical stirring, contain the heterogeneous reaction medium, described the container of the reaction medium that contains 20% discrete continuous volume especially, this reaction medium has different basically oxygen concns and/or oxygen consumption rate;
Figure 31 is three side-views of reaction vessel side by side, has or do not have optional mechanical stirring, contain the heterogeneous reaction medium, described the container of the reaction medium that contains 20% discrete continuous volume especially, this reaction medium has different basically oxygen concns and/or oxygen consumption rate;
Figure 32 is the side-view of hierarchical speed type bubbling column reactor, and it has wide than low reaction district and narrow bottom reaction zone;
Figure 33 is the side-view of bubbling column reactor, and this reactor is equipped with the upright partition wall of the upright surface-area that is used to increase the contact reacts medium;
Figure 34 is the sectional view that the line 34-34 in Figure 33 obtains, and has described especially reaction zone is divided into two plane components of equal segments basically;
Figure 35 is the side-view of bubbling column reactor, and this reactor is equipped with the upright partition wall of the shortening of the upright surface-area that is used to increase the contact reacts medium;
Figure 36 is the side-view of bubbling column reactor, and this reactor is equipped with shortening and the crooked upright partition wall of the upright surface-area that is used to increase the contact reacts medium;
Figure 37 is the sectional view that the line 37-37 in Figure 36 obtains, and has described crooked upright partition wall especially for a part of reaction zone is divided into two roughly S-shape elements of equal segments basically;
Figure 38 is the side-view of bubbling column reactor, and this reactor is equipped with the upright inner member of the shortening of the upright surface-area that is used to increase the contact reacts medium;
Figure 39 is the sectional view that the line 39-39 in Figure 38 obtains, and has described upright inner member especially and has not extended to sidewall of reactor for the edge of " X " shape and this inner member always;
Figure 40 is the side-view of bubbling column reactor, and this reactor is equipped with upright surface-area, replace, heteroid, the upright inner member that is used to increase the contact reacts medium;
Figure 41 is the sectional view that the line 41-41 in Figure 40 obtains, and has described a kind of structure of this upright especially, and this element is divided into four quadrants that equate basically for " X " shape and with a part of reaction zone;
Figure 42 is the sectional view that the line 42-42 in Figure 40 obtains, and has described other structure of this upright especially, and this element is divided into eight wedge-shaped segment that equate basically with a part of reaction zone;
Figure 43 is the side-view of bubbling column reactor, and this reactor is equipped with a plurality of volution inner members that are used to increase the upright surface-area of contact reacts medium;
Figure 44 is the sectional view that the line 44-44 in Figure 43 obtains, and has described the shape of a volution inner member especially;
Figure 45 is the side-view of bubbling column reactor, and this reactor is equipped with a plurality of traverse baffles, and each traverse baffle comprises a plurality of cylinder bars that are used for the contact reacts medium;
Figure 46 be Figure 45 traverse baffle amplification etc. visual angle figure, having described wherein especially, the cylinder bar of adjacent baffle revolves the mode that turn 90 degrees relative to one another;
Figure 47 is the sectional view that the line 47-47 in Figure 45 obtains, and has described one traverse baffle especially;
Figure 48 is the side-view of bubbling column reactor, and this reactor is equipped with a plurality of traverse baffles, and each traverse baffle comprises a plurality of L-sectional element that are used for the contact reacts medium;
Figure 49 is the side-view of the amplification of Figure 48 traverse baffle, and having described wherein especially, the L-segment element of adjacent baffle revolves the mode that turn 90 degrees relative to one another;
Figure 50 is the sectional view that the line 50-50 in Figure 48 obtains, and has described one traverse baffle especially;
Figure 51 is the side-view of bubbling column reactor, and this reactor is equipped with the one monoblock type that is used for the contact reacts medium, cylindrical, diamond shape traverse baffle;
Figure 52 is the side-view of the amplification of Figure 51 monoblock type traverse baffle;
Figure 53 is the sectional view that the line 53-53 in Figure 51 obtains, and has described the right cylinder character of monoblock type traverse baffle;
Figure 54 A and 54B are crude terephthalic acid (CTA) the particulate enlarged view of producing according to one embodiment of this invention, have described each CTA particle especially and have been low density, high surface area grain by a plurality of loose bonded CTA Asia-granulometric composition;
Figure 55 A and 55B are the enlarged view of the CTA of traditional mode of production, have described especially that traditional CTA particle is bigger than the CTA particulate particle size of the present invention of Figure 54 A and 54B, density is lower and surface-area is littler;
Figure 56 is the simplification process flow sheet of the art methods of the terephthalic acid (PTA) that is used to prepare purifying;
Figure 57 is for preparing the simplification process flow sheet of the method for PTA according to a kind of implementation method of the present invention; With
Figure 58 is the form of the various operating parameterss of general introduction bubble column oxidation reactor, wherein regulates the certain operations parameter according to the description that provides in the embodiment part.
Describe in detail
A kind of embodiment of the present invention relates to the performing liquid-phase partial oxidation of oxidable compound.This oxidation is preferably carried out in the liquid phase of contained heterogeneous reaction medium in one or more stirred reactors.Suitable stirred reactor comprises, for example, and gas blow mixing type reactor (for example bubbling column reactor), mechanical stirring reactor (for example continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR)) and mobile stirring-type reactor (for example jet reactor).In one embodiment of the present invention, this liquid-phase oxidation is carried out in single bubbling column reactor.
Such as used herein, term " bubbling column reactor " expression is used for promoting the reactor of heterogeneous reaction medium chemical reaction, and wherein the stirring of reaction medium mainly moves upward from reaction medium by bubble provides.Such as used herein, term " stirring " expression is depleted to and causes fluid flow and/or blended work done in the reaction medium.Such as used herein, term " most of (majority) ", " mainly (primarily) " and " being mainly (predominately) " represent greater than 50%.Such as used herein, the stirring of the reaction medium that causes with respect to reaction medium or physical motion therein by rigidity or flexible member should be represented in term " mechanical stirring ".For example, rotation, swing and/or the vibration of internal stirrers, oar, vibrator or the acoustics barrier film (acoustical diaphragm) that mechanical stirring can be by being arranged in reaction medium provide.Such as used herein, one or more fluidic high speed injection and/or recirculation in term " flow stir " the expression reaction medium and the stirring of the reaction medium that causes.For example, mobile stirring can provide by nozzle, ejector and/or injector.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, stirring less than the reaction medium in about 40% the bubbling column reactor between oxidation period provides by the machinery and/or the stirring of flowing, more preferably less than about 20% stirring by machinery and/or flow to stir and provide, most preferably less than 5% stirring by machinery and/or flow to stir and provide.Preferably, give the machinery of heterogeneous reaction medium between oxidation period and/or the amount that flow to stir less than about 3 kilowatts of/cubic metre reaction mediums, more preferably less than about 2 kilowatts/cubic metre and most preferably less than 1 kilowatt/cubic metre.
Referring now to Fig. 1, preferred bubbling column reactor 20 is described, it comprises the shell of tank 22 that has conversion zone 24 and break away from section 26.Conversion zone 24 limits internal-response district 28, breaks away from section 26 simultaneously and limits inner abscission zone 30.The feed stream that will be mainly liquid phase by feed entrance 32a, b, c, d is introduced reaction zone 28.The oxidant stream that will be mainly gas phase by the oxygenant atomizer 34 that is arranged in reaction zone 28 bottoms is introduced reaction zone 28.Liquid-phase feed stream and gaseous oxidizing agent logistics jointly form heterogeneous reaction medium 36 in reaction zone 28.Heterogeneous reaction medium 36 comprises liquid and gas.More preferably, heterogeneous reaction medium 36 comprise have solid phase, the three-phase medium of liquid and gas component.The solid components of reaction medium 36 is preferably owing to the effect of the oxidizing reaction of carrying out in the liquid phase of reaction medium 36 is deposited in the reaction zone 28.Bubbling column reactor 20 comprises near the slurry outlet 38 that is positioned at reaction zone 28 bottoms and is near 30 tops, abscission zone pneumatic outlet 40.Comprise the liquid phase of reaction medium 36 and the slurry effluent of solid components and from reaction zone 28, take out, be mainly the gasiform effluent simultaneously and from abscission zone 30, take out by pneumatic outlet 40 by slurry outlet 38.
The liquid-phase feed stream of introducing bubbling column reactor 20 by feed entrance 32a, b, c, d preferably comprises oxidable compound, solvent and catalyst system.
The oxidable compound that is present in the liquid-phase feed stream preferably comprises at least one alkyl.More preferably, this oxidable compound is an aromatic substance.Still more preferably, this oxidable compound is alkyl or the heteroatoms of at least one connection or carboxylic acid functional (aromatic substance COOH) of at least one connection with replacement of the alkyl of at least one connection or at least one connection.Even more preferably, this oxidable compound is the aromatic substance of alkyl with replacement of the alkyl of at least one connection or at least one connection, and wherein the group of each connection comprises 1-5 carbon atom.Still more preferably, oxidable compound is to have the just in time aromatic substance of the group of two connections, wherein the group of each connection just comprise what a carbon atom and by the methyl of methyl and/or replacement and/or at the most a hydroxy-acid group form.Even more preferably, oxidable compound be right-dimethylbenzene ,-dimethylbenzene, right-toluic aldehyde ,-toluic aldehyde, right-toluic acid ,-toluic acid and/or acetaldehyde.Most preferably, oxidable compound is right-dimethylbenzene.
Defined herein " alkyl " is for only being bonded at least one carbon atom of hydrogen atom or other carbon atom.Defined herein " alkyl of replacement " is for being bonded at least one carbon atom of at least one heteroatoms and at least one hydrogen atom.Defined herein " heteroatoms " is all atoms outside carbon and the hydrogen atom.Defined herein aromatic substance comprises aromatic ring, preferably has at least 6 carbon atoms, even more preferably only has the carbon atom as loop section.The suitable example of this aromatic ring includes, but are not limited to benzene, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthalene and other carbon back fused aromatic rings.
The suitable example of oxidable compound comprises aliphatic hydrocarbon (for example alkane, branched alkane, naphthenic hydrocarbon, aliphatic chain alkene, branched chain alkene and cycloolefin); Fatty aldehyde (for example acetaldehyde, propionic aldehyde, isobutyric aldehyde and butyraldehyde-n); Fatty alcohol (for example ethanol, Virahol, n-propyl alcohol, propyl carbinol and isopropylcarbinol); Aliphatic ketone (for example dimethyl ketone, ethyl methyl ketone, metacetone and isopropyl methyl ketone); Aliphatic ester (for example methyl-formiate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate); Aliphatics superoxide, peracid and hydroperoxide (for example tert-butyl hydroperoxide, peracetic acid and di-t-butyl hydroperoxide); Has fatty compounds for the group of above-mentioned aliphatics material and other heteroatomic combination (fatty compounds that for example comprises the combination of the molecule fragment of one or more hydrocarbon, aldehyde, alcohol, ketone, ester, superoxide, peracid and/or hydroperoxide and sodium, bromine, cobalt, manganese and zirconium); Various phenyl ring with alkyl of one or more connections, naphthalene nucleus, biphenyl, terphenyl and other aromatic group (toluene for example, ethylbenzene, isopropyl benzene, n-proplbenzene, neo-pentyl benzene, right-dimethylbenzene, between-dimethylbenzene, neighbour-toluene, all isomer of trimethylbenzene, all isomer of durene, penta-methyl benzene, mellitene, all isomer of ethyl-methylbenzene, all isomer of diethylbenzene, all isomer of ethyl-dimethyl benzene, all isomer of dimethylnaphthalene, all isomer of ethyl-methylnaphthalene, all isomer of diethyl naphthalene, all isomer of dimethyl diphenyl, all isomer of ethyl-methyl diphenyl, all isomer of diethyl biphenyl, Stilbene and have the alkyl of one or more connections, fluorenes and have the alkyl of one or more connections, anthracene and alkyl with one or more connections are with diphenylethane and have one or more alkyl that are connected); Have the alkyl of one or more connections and/or heteroatomic various phenyl ring, naphthalene nucleus, biphenyl, terphenyl and other aromatic group of one or more connections, it can be connected in the group (for example, all isomer of all isomer of all isomer of all isomer of all isomer of phenol, methylphenol, xylenol, naphthols, benzyl methyl ether, bromophenol, bromobenzene, all isomer that comprise the bromo toluene of alpha-brominated toluene, dibromo-benzene, cobalt naphthenate and bromo biphenyl) of other atom or atom; The various phenyl ring of alkyl with replacement of the heteroatoms of the alkyl of one or more connections and/or one or more connections and/or one or more connections, naphthalene nucleus, biphenyl, terphenyl and other aromatic group (phenyl aldehyde for example, all isomer of bromobenzene formaldehyde, all isomer of bromination toluic aldehyde (all isomer that comprise alpha-brominated toluic aldehyde), all isomer of hydroxy benzaldehyde, all isomer of bromo-hydroxy benzaldehyde, all isomer of terephthal aldehyde (dicarboxaldehyde), all isomer of benzene trioxin (tricarboxaldehyde), right-toluic aldehyde, between-toluic aldehyde, neighbour-toluic aldehyde, all isomer of toluene dicarbaldehyde, all isomer of toluene trioxin, all isomer of toluene tetramethyl aldehyde (tetracarboxaldehyde), all isomer of dimethyl benzene dicarbaldehyde, all isomer of dimethyl benzene trioxin, all isomer of dimethyl benzene tetramethyl aldehyde, all isomer of Three methyl Benzene trioxin, all isomer of ethyltoluene formaldehyde, all isomer of Three methyl Benzene dicarbaldehyde, the tetramethyl-benzene dicarbaldehyde, hydroxymethyl-benzene, all isomer of hydroxymethyl-toluene, all isomer of hydroxymethyl-bromo toluene, all isomer of hydroxymethyl-toluic aldehyde, all isomer of hydroxymethyl-bromo toluic aldehyde, the benzylic hydrogens superoxide, the benzoyl hydroperoxide, all isomer of tolyl methyl-hydroperoxide and all isomer of methylphenol methyl-hydroperoxide); The various phenyl ring of group with selection of one or more connections, naphthalene nucleus, biphenyl, terphenyl and other aromatic group, the group of described selection are meant the alkyl of the heteroatoms of alkyl and/or connection and/or replacement and/or hydroxy-acid group and/or peroxy acid group (phenylformic acid for example, right-toluic acid, between-toluic acid, neighbour-toluic acid, all isomer of ethyl benzoate, all isomer of propylbenzoic acid, all isomer of butylbenzoic acid, benzoic all isomer of amyl group, all isomer of mesitylenic acid, benzoic all isomer of ethyl-methyl, all isomer of trimethylbenzoic acid, benzoic all isomer of tetramethyl-, pentamethylbenzene formic acid, benzoic all isomer of diethyl, all isomer of benzene dicarboxylic acid, all isomer of benzene tricarbonic acid, all isomer of methylbenzene dicarboxylic acid, all isomer of dimethyl benzene dicarboxylic acid, tricarboxylic all isomer of methylbenzene, benzoic all isomer of bromo, all isomer of dibromo-benzene formic acid, all isomer that comprise the bromo toluic acid of alpha-brominated toluic acid, tolyl acetate, all isomer of hydroxy-benzoic acid, hydroxymethyl-benzoic all isomer, all isomer of vesotinic acid, all isomer of hydroxymethyl-toluic acid, all isomer of hydroxymethyl-benzene dicarboxylic acid, benzoic all isomer of hydroxyl bromo, all isomer of hydroxyl bromo toluic acid, benzoic all isomer of hydroxymethyl-bromo, all isomer of carboxyl benzaldehyde, all isomer of dicarboxyl phenyl aldehyde, peroxybenzoic acid, hydroperoxyl radical methyl-benzoic all isomer, all isomer of hydroperoxyl radical methyl-hydroxy-benzoic acid, hydroperoxyl radical carbonyl-benzoic all isomer, all isomer of hydroperoxyl radical carbonyl-toluene, all isomer of methyl diphenyl carboxylic acid, all isomer of dimethyl diphenyl carboxylic acid, all isomer of methyl diphenyl dicarboxylic acid, tricarboxylic all isomer of biphenyl, all isomer of stilbene of group with selection of one or more connections, all isomer of fluorenes of group with selection of one or more connections, all isomer of naphthalene of group with selection of one or more connections, benzil, all isomer of benzil of group with selection of one or more connections, benzophenone, all isomer of benzophenone of group with selection of one or more connections, anthraquinone, all isomer of fearing quinone of group with selection of one or more connections, all isomer of diphenylethane of group with selection of one or more connections, all isomer of the benzo tonka bean camphor of benzo tonka bean camphor and group) with one or more selections that are connected.
If the oxidable compound that exists in the liquid-phase feed stream is conventional solid chemical compound (that is, being solid under standard temperature and pressure (STP)), be dissolved in the solvent basically when preferably this oxidable compound is in being incorporated into reaction zone 28.Preferred this oxidable compound boiling point under atmospheric pressure is at least about 50 ℃.More preferably, the boiling point of this oxidable compound is about 400 ℃ of about 80-, and is most preferably 125-155 ℃.The amount of the oxidable compound that exists in the liquid phase feeding is preferably the about 40wt% of about 2-, and the about 20wt% of more preferably about 4-most preferably is 6-15wt%.
Be noted that now the oxidable compound that exists in the liquid phase feeding can comprise the combination of two kinds or more of different oxidable chemical.These two or more different chemical material can be in liquid-phase feed stream parallel feeding or can in a plurality of feed streams, distinguish charging.For example, can by single inlet or a plurality of independently inlet will comprise right-dimethylbenzene ,-the oxidable compound feeding of dimethylbenzene, right-toluic aldehyde, right-toluic acid and acetaldehyde is in reactor.
The solvent that exists in the liquid-phase feed stream preferably comprises acid constituents and water component.Preferably, the concentration range of the solvent that exists in the liquid-phase feed stream is the about 98wt% of about 60-, and the about 96wt% of more preferably about 80-most preferably is 85-94wt%.The acid constituents of this solvent is preferred mainly for having 1-6 carbon atom, the more preferably organic low molecular amount monocarboxylic acid of 2 carbon atoms.Most preferably, the acid constituents of this solvent mainly is an acetate.Preferably, acid constituents accounts for about 75wt% of this solvent at least, more preferably accounts for about 80wt% of this solvent at least, most preferably accounts for the 85-98wt% of this solvent, and surplus mainly is a water.The solvent of introducing in the bubbling column reactor 20 can comprise small amount of impurities, for example right-toluic aldehyde (para-tolualdehyde), terephthalaldehyde, 4-carboxyl benzaldehyde (4-CBA), phenylformic acid, right-toluic acid, right-toluic aldehyde (para-toluicaldehyde), α-bromo-be right-and toluic acid, m-phthalic acid, phthalic acid, trimellitic acid, polyaromatic and/or suspended particle.Preferably, the total impurities in the solvent in the introducing bubbling column reactor 20 is less than about 3wt%.
The catalyst system that exists in the liquid-phase feed stream be preferably homogeneous, the liquid-phase catalyst system, it can promote the oxidation (comprising partial oxidation) of oxidable compound.More preferably, this catalyst system comprises at least a multivalence transition metal.Still more preferably, this multivalence transition metal comprises cobalt.Even more preferably, this catalyst system comprises cobalt and bromine.Most preferably, this catalyst system comprises cobalt, bromine and manganese.
When having cobalt in the catalyst system, the amount of the cobalt that exists in the preferred liquid phase feed stream makes that the concentration of cobalt is maintained at about about 6000 parts/1,000,000 (weight) of 300-(ppmw) in the liquid phase of reaction medium 36, the about 4200ppmw of more preferably about 700-most preferably is 1200-3000ppmw.When having bromine in the catalyst system, the amount of the bromine that exists in the preferred liquid phase feed stream makes that the concentration of bromine is maintained at about the about 5000ppmw of 300-in the liquid phase of reaction medium 36, and the about 4000ppmw of more preferably about 600-most preferably is 900-3000ppmw.When having manganese in the catalyst system, the amount of the manganese that exists in the preferred liquid phase feed stream makes the concentration Bao Te of manganese in the liquid phase of reaction medium 36 at the about 1000ppmw of about 20-, and the about 500ppmw of more preferably about 40-most preferably is 50-200ppmw.
The concentration of cobalt, bromine and/or manganese is based on that time average and volume averaging represent in the liquid phase that provide above, reaction medium 36.Term used herein " time average " should be illustrated in average that at least 10 times of carrying out on an equal basis in continuous time of at least 100 seconds measure.It is average that at least 10 times of should be illustrated in that the inherent uniform three-dimensional spacing of whole certain volume place carries out of term used herein " volume averaging " are measured.
(Co: Br) be preferably about 0.25: about 4: 1 of 1-, more preferably about 0.5: about 3: 1 of 1-most preferably is 0.75: 1-2: 1 to the weight ratio of cobalt and bromine in the catalyst system in the introducing reaction zone 28.(Co: Mn) be preferably about 0.3: about 40: 1 of 1-, more preferably about 5: about 30: 1 of 1-most preferably is 10: 1-25: 1 to the weight ratio of cobalt and manganese in the catalyst system in the introducing reaction zone 28.
The liquid-phase feed stream of introducing in the bubbling column reactor 20 can comprise small amount of impurities, for example toluene, ethylbenzene, right-toluic aldehyde, terephthalaldehyde, 4-carboxyl benzaldehyde (4-CBA), phenylformic acid, right-toluic acid, right-toluic aldehyde, α-bromo-is right-toluic acid, m-phthalic acid, phthalic acid, trimellitic acid, polyaromatic and/or suspended particle.When bubbling column reactor 20 is used to produce terephthalic acid ,-dimethylbenzene and ortho-xylene also be considered to impurity.Preferably, the total impurities in the liquid-phase feed stream in the introducing bubbling column reactor 20 is less than about 3wt%.
Though Fig. 1 has described such embodiment: wherein oxidable compound, solvent and catalyst system mixes and introduce in the bubbling column reactor 20 as single feed stream, but in alternative embodiment of the present invention, oxidable compound, solvent and catalyzer can be introduced into respectively in the bubbling column reactor 20.For example, can pure right-dimethylbenzene logistics be fed in the bubbling column reactor 20 by the inlet that separates with solvent and catalyst inlet.
Introduce oxidant stream bubbling column reactor 20, that be mainly gas phase by oxygenant atomizer 34 and comprise molecular oxygen (O
2).Preferably, this oxidant stream comprises the molecular oxygen of the about 40mol% of about 5-, more preferably from about molecular oxygen, the molecular oxygen of 18-24mol% most preferably of the about 30mol% of 15-.The surplus of preferred this oxidant stream is mainly formed by oxidation being one or more gases of inert (as nitrogen).More preferably, this oxidant stream is made up of molecular oxygen and nitrogen basically.Most preferably, this oxidant stream is a dry air, and it comprises the molecular oxygen of about 21mol% and the nitrogen of the about 81mol% of about 78-.In alternative embodiment of the present invention, this oxidant stream can comprise purified basically oxygen.
Referring again to Fig. 1, bubbling column reactor 20 preferably is equipped with the distribution of reflux device 42 on the upper surface 44 that is positioned at reaction medium 36.Distribution of reflux device 42 can be introduced abscission zone 30 with the reflux stream droplet that will be mainly liquid phase by any droplet generation type well known in the art through operation.More preferably, distribution of reflux device 42 forms the droplet spray of the upper surface 44 that points to reaction medium 36 down.The largest horizontal cross sectional of preferably, the downward nebulization (affect) of this droplet (promptly engaging (engage) and influence (influence)) abscission zone 30 amass at least about 50%.More preferably, the largest horizontal cross sectional of this droplet spray effect abscission zone 30 long-pending at least about 75%.Most preferably, the largest horizontal cross sectional of this droplet spray effect abscission zone 30 long-pending at least about 90%.This downward liquid return spraying can help to prevent upper surface 44 places of reaction medium 36 or on bubble, and also can help any liquid in flowing to the gas that moves upward of pneumatic outlet 40, carried secretly or the disengaging of slurry droplet.In addition, this liquid return can be used for reducing be present in by pneumatic outlet 40 from the gaseous effluent that take out abscission zone 30 particle and may sedimentary compound the amount of (for example dissolved phenylformic acid, right-toluic acid, 4-CBA, terephthalic acid and catalyst metal salts).In addition, the backflow droplet is introduced the composition that abscission zone 30 can be used to regulate the gaseous effluent that takes out by pneumatic outlet 40 by distillment.
The liquid reflux stream of introducing bubbling column reactor 20 by distribution of reflux device 42 preferably approximately has and the identical composition of solvent composition of introducing the liquid-phase feed stream of bubbling column reactor 20 by feed entrance 32a, b, c, d.Thus, preferably, liquid reflux stream comprises acid constituents and water.The acid constituents of reflux stream be preferably have 1-6 carbon atom, the more preferably organic monocarboxylic acid of the lower molecular weight of 2 carbon atoms.Most preferably, the acid constituents of this reflux stream is an acetate.Preferably, this acid constituents account for this reflux stream at least about 75wt%, more preferably account for this reflux stream at least about 80wt%, most preferably account for the 85-98wt% of this reflux stream, surplus is a water.Since this reflux stream have usually with liquid-phase feed stream in the essentially identical composition of solvent, so when this specification sheets is mentioned " all solvents " of introducing reactor, should " all solvents " should comprise this reflux stream and this feed stream the solvent part the two.
During the liquid-phase oxidation in bubbling column reactor 20, preferably charging, oxygenant and reflux stream are introduced reaction zone 28 basically continuously, simultaneously gas and slurry are flowed out logistics taking-up from reaction zone 28 continuously basically.Term used herein " basically continuously " should be expressed as by little, in 10 minutes at interval cycle of at least 10 hours.Between oxidation period, preferably, with at least about 8000kg/ hour, more preferably from about the about 80000kg/ of 13000-hour, still more preferably from about the about 50000kg/ of 18000-hour, most preferably 22000-30000kg/ hour speed is introduced reaction zone 28 basically continuously with oxidable compound (for example-dimethylbenzene).Though, usually preferably, the flow velocity of the charging that enters, oxygenant and reflux stream is stable basically, but is noted that now, a kind of embodiment of the present invention has been considered the described charging that enters of pulsed modulation, oxygenant and/or reflux stream, improves thus and mixes and mass transfer.When introducing the charging enter, oxygenant and/or reflux stream with the pulse mode of movement, preferably within about 0-about 500% of the described in this article stable state flow velocity of their flow velocity, more preferably within about 30-about 200% of described in this article stable state flow velocity, most preferably change within the 80-120% of described in this article stable state flow velocity.
Average space hour velocity (STR) in the bubble column oxidation reactor 20 be defined as the oxidable compound of time per unit per unit volume reaction medium 36 chargings quality (for example every cubic metre per hour charging right-dimethylbenzene the kilogram number).In conventional usage, before calculating STR, deducting unconverted from feed stream in the amount of oxidable compound is the amount of the oxidable compound of product usually.But for a lot of preferred oxidable compounds herein (for example concerning-dimethylbenzene), transformation efficiency and productive rate are higher usually, and definition term herein as mentioned above suitably.Especially, for cost of investment and operation stock's consideration, preferably react usually with high STR.But, under the STR that increases gradually, react the quality or the productive rate that may influence partial oxidation.When the STR of oxidable compound (for example right-dimethylbenzene) be about 25kg/ cubic meter/hour-Yue 400kg/ cubic meter/hour, more preferably from about the 30kg/ cubic meter/hour-Yue 250kg/ cubic meter/hour, still more preferably from about the 35kg/ cubic meter/hour-Yue 150kg/ cubic meter/hour, most preferably the 40kg/ cubic meter/hour-the 100kg/ cubic meter/hour the time, bubbling column reactor 20 is useful especially.
Oxygen-STR in the bubble column oxidation reactor 20 is defined as the weight (for example kilogram number of every cubic metre of molecular oxygen that per hour consumes) of the molecular oxygen of time per unit per unit volume reaction medium 36 consumption.Especially, for the consideration of the oxidation consumption of cost of investment and solvent, preferably react usually with hyperoxia-STR.But, under the oxygen-STR that increases gradually, react the quality or the productive rate of final reduction partial oxidation.Bound by theory not, as if this point may with molecular oxygen from gas phase at the liquid of interface zone with to enter into the transfer rate of bulk liquid thus relevant.Too high oxygen-STR may cause in the main body liquid phase of reaction medium the dissolved oxygen level low excessively.
Omnidistance averaged oxygen-STR is defined as the weight (for example kilogram number of every cubic metre of molecular oxygen that per hour consumes) of institute's aerobic that time per unit consumes in this article in whole volumes of reaction medium 36.When the averaged oxygen-STR of whole process be about 25kg/ cubic meter/hour-Yue 400kg/ cubic meter/hour, more preferably from about the 30kg/ cubic meter/hour-Yue 250kg/ cubic meter/hour, still more preferably from about the 35kg/ cubic meter/hour-Yue 150kg/ cubic meter/hour, most preferably the 40kg/ cubic meter/hour-the 100kg/ cubic meter/hour the time, bubbling column reactor 20 is useful especially.
Between the oxidation period in bubbling column reactor 20, preferably with whole solvents (from the feed and return logistics the two) the ratio of mass velocity of mass velocity and the oxidable compound that enters reaction zone 28 be maintained at about 2: about 50: 1 of 1-, more preferably from about 5: about 40: 1 of 1-, most preferably 7.5: 1-25: 1.Preferably, the mass velocity of the solvent of introducing as a feed stream part is maintained at about 0.5 with the ratio of the mass velocity of the solvent of introducing as a reflux stream part: no matter when 1-does not have reflux stream flows, more preferably from about 0.5: about 4: 1 of 1-, still more preferably from about 1: about 2: 1 of 1-, most preferably 1.25: 1-1.5: 1.
During the liquid-phase oxidation in bubbling column reactor 20, the consumption of preferably introducing the oxidant stream of bubbling column reactor 20 provides the molecular oxygen just over required stoichiometric oxygen.The amount of required excess molecular oxygen has influenced the macroeconomic of this liquid-phase oxidation for the optimum of specific oxidable compound.During the liquid-phase oxidation in bubbling column reactor 20, the mass velocity of preferred oxidant logistics is maintained at about 0.5 with the ratio of the mass velocity of the oxidizable organic compound (for example right-dimethylbenzene) that enters reactor 20: about 20: 1 of 1-, more preferably from about 1: about 10: 1 of 1-, most preferably 2: 1-6: 1.
Referring again to Fig. 1, charging, oxygenant and the reflux stream of introducing bubbling column reactor 20 form at least a portion heterogeneous reaction medium 36 together.Reaction medium 36 is preferably the three-phase medium that comprises solid phase, liquid and gas.As mentioned above, the oxidation of oxidable compound (for example right-dimethylbenzene) is mainly carried out in the liquid phase of reaction medium 36.Thus, the liquid phase of reaction medium 36 comprises dissolved oxygen and oxidable compound.Solvent (for example acetate and the water) boiling/gasification that the exothermic character of the oxidizing reaction that takes place in the bubbling column reactor 20 causes a part to be introduced by feed entrance 32a, b, c, d.Thus, the gas phase of reaction medium 36 is mainly formed by the solvent and the oxidant stream undissolved, non-reacted parts of gasification in the reactor 20.The oxidation reactor of some prior aries has adopted heat transfer tube/radiator element to heat or has cooled off reaction medium.But this heat exchange structure may not expected in reactor of the present invention and described herein method.Thus, preferably, that bubbling column reactor 20 does not comprise contact reacts medium 36 basically and show that the time average heat flux is greater than 30000 watts/square metre surface.
The concentration of dissolved oxygen is from the speed of mass transferring in gas phase and the running balance between the liquid phase internal reaction wear rate (promptly in the liquid phase of reaction medium 36, it is not only to be set by the dividing potential drop of molecular oxygen in the gas phase of supplying with, but to be a kind of factor in the delivery rate of dissolved oxygen and its influenced the upper limit of concentration of dissolved oxygen really for this).The amount localized variation of dissolved oxygen, higher at the interface near bubble.Usually, the amount of dissolved oxygen depends on the balance of supply and demand factor in the different zones of reaction medium 36.Instantaneous ground, the amount of dissolved oxygen depends on respect to the gas of chemical cost speed and evenness in liquid mixing.When design is mated with the supply and demand that suitably makes dissolved oxygen in the liquid phase of reaction medium 36, make preferably that the oxygen concn of time average and volume averaging is kept above about 1ppm mole in the liquid phase of reaction medium 36, the about 1000ppm mole of 4-more preferably from about, the still more preferably from about about 500ppm mole of 8-, most preferably 12-120ppm mole.
The liquid phase oxidation reaction that carries out in the bubbling column reactor 20 is preferably and forms the solid precipitin reaction.More preferably, the liquid-phase oxidation of carrying out in the bubbling column reactor 20 causes forming solid chemical compound (for example crude terephthalic acid particle) at least about the oxidable compound (for example right-dimethylbenzene) of the introducing reaction zone 28 of 10wt% in reaction medium 36.Still more preferably, this liquid-phase oxidation causes forming solid chemical compound at least about the oxidable compound of 50wt% in reaction medium 36.Most preferably, this liquid-phase oxidation causes at least that the oxidable compound of 90wt% forms solid chemical compound in reaction medium 36.Preferably, the solid total amount is greater than about 3wt%, based on time average and volume averaging in the reaction medium 36.More preferably, keep that the solid total amount is the about 40wt% of about 5-in the reaction medium 36, still the about 35wt% of 10-more preferably from about most preferably is 15-30wt%.Preferably the overwhelming majority (substantial portion) of the oxidation products (for example terephthalic acid) that generates in the bubbling column reactor 20 is present in the reaction medium 36 with solid form, and relatively remainder is dissolved in the liquid phase of reaction medium 36.The amount that is present in the phase oxidative product in the reaction medium 36 be preferably in the reaction medium 36 whole oxidation productss (solid phase and liquid phase) at least about 25wt%, more preferably in the reaction medium 36 all oxidation productss at least about 75wt%, most preferably be in the reaction medium 36 all 95wt% at least of oxidation productss.Above-mentionedly be applied in the operation of successive stable state basically of bubble tower 20 in the time period basically, and shall not be applied to the operation of startup, parking or the suboptimum of bubbling column reactor 20 for the numerical range that amount of solid provided in the reaction medium 36.Amount of solid in the reaction medium 36 is measured by gravimetry.In this gravimetry, from reaction medium, take out the slurry of representative part and weigh.Under the condition that the whole solid-liquids that remain resident in effectively in the reaction medium distribute, by sedimentation or filtration free fluid is removed from solid part effectively, do not lost precipitated solid and the original liquid material less than about 10% is remained with solid part.Remaining liquid on the solid is evaporated to effectively dried, does not make solid distillation.The solid of remainder is weighed.The weight of solid part is the solid mark with the ratio of the weight of the initial protion of slurry, represents with per-cent usually.
The precipitin reaction of carrying out in the bubbling column reactor 20 may cause the lip-deep fouling of the rigid structure of some contact reacts media 36 (being solids accumulation).Thus, In one embodiment of the present invention, preferably, bubbling column reactor 20 does not comprise internal heat exchange, stirring or baffling (baffling) structure basically in reaction zone 28, because these structures are with easy fouling.If when having internal structure in the reaction zone 28, expectation avoid having comprise a large amount of upwards towards the internal structure of outside surface of planar surface region because these upwards towards plane surface fouling especially easily.Thus, if reaction zone 28 internal memories when any internal structure, preferably less than this internal structure of about 20% all upwards towards the outer surface region of exposure forms by planar surface basically, this surface tilt is spent less than about 15 in horizontal plane.
Referring again to Fig. 1, the physical structure of bubbling column reactor 20 helps to provide the optimization oxidation of oxidable compound (for example right-dimethylbenzene), generates minimum impurity.Preferably, the elongated conversion zone 24 of shell of tank 22 comprises cylinder-shaped body 46 and bottom 48 basically.The horizontal plane 50 that the upper end of reaction zone 28 is extended by the top of crossing over cylinder-shaped body 46 limits.The lower end 52 of reaction zone 28 is limited by the minimum internal surface of bottom 48.Usually, the lower end 52 of reaction zone 28 is positioned near the opening that is used for slurry outlet 38.Thus, the reaction zone 28 of the elongations that limited in the bubbling column reactor 20 have along cylinder-shaped body 46 elongations axially, from the top 50 of reaction zone 28 to the lower end 52 maximum lengths of measuring " L ".The length of reaction zone 28 " L " is preferably the about 100m of about 10-, more preferably from about the about 75m of 20-, most preferably 25-50m.Reaction zone 28 has the maximum diameter (width) " D " of the maximum inner diameter that is generally equal to cylinder-shaped body 46.The maximum diameter of reaction zone 28 " D " is preferably the about 12m of about 1-, the about 10m of 2-more preferably from about, the still more preferably from about about 9m of 3.1-, most preferably 4-8m.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the length-to-diameter ratio of reaction zone 28 " L: D " ratio is about 6: about 30: 1 of 1-.Still more preferably, the L of reaction zone 28: D ratio is about 8: about 20: 1 of 1-.Most preferably, the L of reaction zone 28: D ratio is 9: 1-15: 1.
As discussed above such, the reaction zone 28 of bubbling column reactor 20 receives heterogeneous reaction media 36.Reaction medium 36 has the bottom that overlaps with the lower end 52 of reaction zone 28 and is positioned at the top at upper surface 44 places.Along the upper surface 44 of horizontal plane defined reaction medium 36, this horizontal plane inclusion of reaction zone 28 therein changes the transversal reaction zone 28 in vertical position of liquid phase continuous state into from the gas phase continuous regime.It is 0.9 vertical position that upper surface 44 is preferably located in the segmental local time of the thin level average gas hold-up of the inclusion of reaction zone 28 wherein.
The maximum height " H " that reaction medium 36 has in the top and measures between the lower end.The maximum width of reaction medium 36 " W " is generally equal to the maximum diameter " D " of cylinder-shaped body 46.During the liquid-phase oxidation in bubbling column reactor 20, it is about 120% preferably to make H remain on about 60-of L, and more preferably about 80-of L is about 110%, most preferably the 85-100% of L.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the depth-width ratio of reaction medium 36 " H: W " ratio was greater than about 3: 1.More preferably, the H of reaction medium 36: W ratio is about 7: about 25: 1 of 1-.Still more preferably, the H of reaction medium 36: W ratio is about 8: 1-about 20: 1.Most preferably, the H of reaction medium 36: W ratio is 9: 1-15: 1.In one embodiment of the present invention, L=H and D=W make herein the various size or the ratio that provide for L and D also be applicable to H and W, and vice versa.
The high relatively L that provides according to an embodiment of the present invention: D and H: W ratio can help several significant advantage of system of the present invention.Following further go through such, find, higher L: D and H: W ratio, and the further feature of being discussed below some can promote the useful vertical concentration gradient of molecular oxygen in the reaction medium 36 and/or oxidable compound (for example right-dimethylbenzene).Opposite with the traditional knowledge of the preferred reaction medium of the well blend of the relative homogeneous of concentration everywhere, find that the vertical fragmentation of oxygen and/or oxidable compound concentration has promoted more effective and more economical oxidizing reaction.Oxygen and oxidable compound concentration near reaction medium 36 tops are minimized, can help avoid by the unreacted oxygen of upper gas outlet 40 and the loss of the oxidable compound of unreacted.But when if the concentration of oxidable compounds and unreacted oxygen is low in the entire reaction medium 36, the speed of oxidation and/or selectivity just are lowered so.Thus, preferably, the molecular oxygen of close reaction medium 36 bottoms and/or oxidable compound concentrations are much higher than the concentration near reaction medium 36 tops.
In addition, high L: D and H: W ratio causes the pressure of reaction medium 36 bottoms to be much higher than the pressure at reaction medium 36 tops.This pressure lapse rate comes from the height and the density of reaction medium 36.A kind of advantage of this pressure lapse rate is that with respect to the oxygen solubility that can realize in other cases and mass transfer, the container bottom elevated pressure has promoted bigger oxygen solubility and mass transfer under suitable temperature and tower top pressure in shallow reactor.Thus, carry out this oxidizing reaction under can be in the being lower than more shallow container required temperature.When bubbling column reactor 20 is used for right-dimethylbenzene partial oxidation and is crude terephthalic acid (CTA), have many advantages than the ability of operating under the low reaction temperatures having under the identical or better oxygen transfer speed.For example, right-dimethylbenzene low-temperature oxidation has reduced the amount of incendiary solvent between the reaction period.Following further go through such, low-temperature oxidation also helps forming little, high surface area, loose bonded, easy dissolved CTA particle, big, low surface area, fine and close CTA particle with respect to making by the conventional high-temperature method for oxidation can carry out more economical purification technique to it.
Between the oxidation period in reactor 20, preferably, keep the time average of reaction medium 36 and volume averaging temperature range to be about 200 ℃ of about 125-, more preferably from about 140-is about 180 ℃, most preferably 150-170 ℃.Tower top pressure on the reaction medium 36 preferably remains the about 20bar gauge pressure of about 1-(barg), more preferably from about the about 12barg of 2-, most preferably 4-8barg.Preferably, the pressure reduction between reaction medium 36 tops and reaction medium 36 bottoms is the about 5bar of about 0.4-, and more preferably pressure reduction is the about 3bar of about 0.7-, and most preferably pressure reduction is 1-2bar.Though preferably the tower top pressure on the reaction medium 36 is remained on relative constant numerical value usually, a kind of embodiment of the present invention comprises the pulse regulation tower top pressure, promotes improved mixing and/or mass transfer in the reaction medium 36 thus.When the pulse regulation tower top pressure, preferably pulsating pressure is about 60-about 140% of described herein stable state tower top pressure, more preferably about 85-of described herein stable state tower top pressure is about 115%, most preferably is the 95-105% of described stable state tower top pressure herein.
The high L of reaction zone 28: another advantage of D ratio is that it can help the increase of the average apparent speed of reaction medium 36.Represent the horizontal cross-sectional area of the volumetric flow rate of the gas phase of the reaction medium 36 of a certain eminence in the reactor for reaction medium 36 employed terms " superfacial velocity " and " superficial gas velocity " herein divided by this reactor of highly locating.By high L: the superfacial velocity of the rising that the reaction zone 28 of D ratio provides can promote the local gas hold up that mixes and increase reaction medium 36.1/4th height, half height and/or 3/4ths at reaction medium 36 are highly located, the time average superfacial velocity of reaction medium 36 is preferably more than about 0.3 meter per second, more preferably be about 5 meter per seconds of about 0.8-, still, be most preferably the 1-3 meter per second more preferably for about 4 meter per seconds of about 0.9-.
Referring again to Fig. 1, the disengaging section 26 of drum tower reactor 20 is only for being located immediately at the widened section of the shell of tank 22 on the conversion zone 24.On gas phase rises to the upper surface 44 of reaction medium 36 and when arriving pneumatic outlet 40, break away from section 26 and reduced in the bubble tower 20 the upwards speed of mobile gas phase.This reduction of gas phase upward velocity helps lend some impetus to liquid and/or the solid carried secretly and removes in the mobile gas phase that makes progress, and has reduced the loss of not expecting of some components that exist in the liquid phase of reaction medium 36 thus.
Break away from section 26 and preferably include conventional frustum of a cone build transition wall 54, common cylindrical shaped broad side walls 56 and top cover 58.The narrow lower end of transition wall 54 is connected in the top of the cylinder-shaped body 46 of conversion zone 24.The wide upper end of transition wall 54 is connected in the bottom of broad side walls 56.Preferably, transition wall 54 with respect to the angle of about 70 degree of the about 10-of vertical direction, more preferably with respect to the angle of about 50 degree of the about 15-of vertical direction, most preferably make progress from its narrow lower end and stretch out with respect to the angle of vertical direction 15-45 degree.Broad side walls 56 has maximum diameter " X ", and it is usually greater than the maximum diameter " D " of conversion zone 24, although total when the upper diameter of conversion zone 24 during less than the maximum diameter of conversion zone 24, X can be in fact less than D so.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the ratio of the maximum diameter of the diameter of broad side walls 56 and conversion zone 24 " X: D " is about 0.8: about 4: 1 of 1-most preferably is 1.1: 1-2: 1.Top cover 58 is connected in the top of broad side walls 56.Top cover 58 is preferably conventional oval head element, and its qualification allows that gas overflows the central opening of abscission zone 30 by pneumatic outlet 40.Perhaps, top cover 58 can be a different shape, comprises taper shape.Abscission zone 30 has the maximum height " Y " that 30 topmosts are measured to the abscission zone from reaction zone 28 tops 50.The ratio of the height of the length of reaction zone 28 and abscission zone 30 " L: Y " preferably about 2: about 24: 1 of 1-, more preferably from about 3: about 20: 1 of 1-, most preferably 4: 1-16: 1.
Referring now to Fig. 1-5, will discuss the position and the structure of oxygenant atomizer 34 now in more detail.Fig. 2 and 3 shows that oxygenant atomizer 34 can comprise that ring-type element 60, lateral direction element (cross-member) 62 and a pair of oxygenant enter conduit 64a, b.Expediently, these oxygenants enter conduit 64a, b and can enter container at the height place on the ring-type element 60 and transfer to subsequently downwards, as shown in Fig. 2 and 3.Perhaps, oxygenant enter conduit 64a, b can under the ring-type element 60 or with ring-type element 60 approximately uniform horizontal planes on enter container.Each oxygenant enters conduit 64a, b and comprises first end that is connected in the 66a of oxidant inlet separately, the b that form in shell of tank 22 and second end that fluid is connected in ring-type element 60.Ring-type element 60 preferably by conduit, more preferably a plurality of straight runs, most preferably a plurality of straight duct sections form, it is connected with each other rigidly, forms tubulose Polygons ring thus.Preferably, ring-type element 60 by at least 3 straight duct sections, more preferably 6-10 duct section, most preferably 8 duct sections form.Thus, when ring-type element 60 was formed by 8 duct sections, it had eight-sided formation usually.Lateral direction element 62 is preferably formed by straight pipeline section basically, and described straight pipeline section fluid is connected in the relative duct size section of ring-type element 60 and becomes the diagonal angle to extend between the relative duct size section of ring-type element 60.The duct section that is used for lateral direction element 62 preferably has identical with the duct section that is used to form ring-type element 60 basically diameter.Preferably, form oxygenant and enter conduit 64a, b, the duct section of ring-type element 60 and lateral direction element 62 has greater than about 0.1m, the more preferably from about about 2m of 0.2-, the specific diameter of 0.25-1m most preferably from about.May be preferably as described in Fig. 3, ring-type element 60 and lateral direction element 62 present a plurality of tops oxygenant opening 68 that is used for oxidant stream upwards is discharged into reaction zone 28 separately.May be preferably as described in Fig. 4, ring-type element 60 and/or lateral direction element 62 can present the one or more bottoms oxygenant opening 70 that is used for oxidant stream is discharged into reaction zone 28 downwards.Bottom oxygenant opening 70 also can be used for discharging liquid and/or the solid that may invade ring-type element 60 and/or lateral direction element 62.In order to prevent that solid from assembling in that oxygenant atomizer 34 is inner, can be continuously or periodically make liquid stream pass through atomizer 34, flush out the solid that gathers arbitrarily thus.
Referring again to Fig. 1-4, between the oxidation period in bubbling column reactor 20, oxidant stream is pushed over oxidant inlet 66a, b respectively and pushes oxygenant and enters conduit 64a, b.Subsequently, entering conduit 64a, b by oxygenant is transported to oxidant stream in the ring-type element 60.In case oxidant stream enters ring-type element 60, oxidant stream just is distributed in the whole internal volume of ring-type element 60 and lateral direction element 62.Oxidant stream is extruded from oxygenant atomizer 34 and the upper and lower part oxygenant opening 68,70 by ring-type element 60 and lateral direction element 62 is extruded in the reaction zone 28 subsequently.
The outlet of top oxygenant opening 68 lateral spacing is each other opened and is arranged in reaction zone 28 double altitudes place basically.Thus, the outlet of top oxygenant opening 68 is usually along substantially horizontal the location that the top limited by oxygenant atomizer 34.The outlet of bottom oxygenant opening 70 is opened and is arranged in reaction zone 28 double altitudes place basically at lateral spacing by this.Thus, the outlet of bottom oxygenant opening 70 is usually along substantially horizontal the location that the bottom limited by oxygenant atomizer 34.
In one embodiment of the present invention, oxygenant atomizer 34 has the upper end oxygenant opening 68 that is formed at wherein at least about 20.More preferably, oxygenant atomizer 34 has scope for about 800 the upper end oxygenant openings that are formed at wherein of about 40-.Most preferably, to have scope be that 60-400 is formed at upper end oxygenant opening 68 wherein to oxygenant atomizer 34.Oxygenant atomizer 34 preferably has the lower end oxygenant opening 70 that is formed at wherein at least about 1.More preferably, oxygenant atomizer 34 has scope for about 40 the lower end oxygenant openings 70 that are formed at wherein of about 2-.Most preferably, to have scope be that 8-20 is formed at lower end oxygenant opening 70 wherein to oxygenant atomizer 34.Upper end oxygenant opening 68 is about 2 with the ratio preferable range of the number of lower end oxygenant opening 70 in the oxygenant atomizer 34: about 100: 1 of 1-, and more preferably scope is about 5: about 25: 1 of 1-, and most preferred range is 8: 1-15: 1.Basically all the diameter of upper and lower ends oxygenant openings 68,70 is preferably substantially the same, makes that the volumetric flow rate ratio of effusive oxidant stream is equal to the given ratio of relative number that regards to upper and lower ends oxygenant opening 68,70 basically in the upper and lower ends opening 68,70.
Fig. 5 has described the direction of discharging oxygenant from upper and lower ends oxygenant opening 68,70.For upper end oxygenant opening 68, preferably, at least a portion upper end oxygenant opening 68 is discharged oxidant stream with the angle " A " of offset from perpendicular.Preferably, serve as that about 30-is about 90% with the per-cent of the upper end oxygenant opening 68 of angle " A " offset from perpendicular, more preferably from about 50-is about 80%, more preferably 60-75% still, most preferably from about 67%.Angle " A " is preferably about 60 degree of about 5-, and about 45 degree of more preferably about 10-most preferably are the 15-30 degree.For lower end oxygenant opening 70, preferably, all lower end oxygenant opening 70 is positioned near the least significant end part of ring-type element 60 and/or lateral direction element 62 basically.Thus, can easily will may from oxygenant atomizer 34, discharge by non-any liquid and/or the solid that enters oxygenant atomizer 34 wittingly by lower end oxygenant opening 70.Preferably, lower end oxygenant opening 70 is discharged oxidant stream downwards with the angle of perpendicular.For this purpose of description, upper end oxygenant opening can be with usually up direction (promptly, to be higher than the angle of horizontal plane) discharge any opening of oxidant stream, and lower end oxygenant opening can be any opening of discharging oxidant stream with downward usually angle (that is, with subhorizontal angle).
In many traditional bubbling column reactors that contain the heterogeneous reaction medium, all reaction mediums that are positioned at below the oxygenant atomizer (perhaps being used for oxidant stream is introduced other mechanism of reaction zone) have low-down gas hold-up value basically.As known in the art, " gas hold up " is the volume fraction of multiphase medium under the gaseous state.The zone of low gas hold up also can be called " unaerated " zone in the medium.In multiple conventional slurry bubble column reactor, the overwhelming majority of the whole volumes of reaction medium is positioned under the oxygenant atomizer (perhaps being used for oxidant stream is introduced other mechanism of reaction zone).Thus, the reaction medium that is present in the overwhelming majority of traditional bubble tower reactor bottom is unaerated.
Find that the impurity that the quantity in unaerated district in the reaction medium that carries out oxidation in bubbling column reactor is minimized certain class is not expected generates and minimizes.Less relatively oxygenant bubble is contained in the unaerated district of reaction medium.The oxygenant bubble of this low volume has reduced the amount of obtainable molecular oxygen in the liquid phase that is dissolved into reaction medium.Thus, liquid phase has the molecular oxygen of low concentration in the unaerated district of reaction medium.The anoxybiotic of these reaction mediums, unaerated district tend to promote the side reaction do not expected rather than the oxidizing reaction of expectation.For example, when right-dimethylbenzene partial oxidation when forming terephthalic acid, the availability of insufficient oxygen may cause forming the phenylformic acid and coupling (coupled) aromatic ring of the high quantity of not expecting in the reaction medium liquid phase, comprises the colour developing molecule of not expecting very much that is called Fluorenone and anthraquinone especially.
According to a kind of embodiment of the present invention, carrying out liquid-phase oxidation so that have in the bubbling column reactor that the minimized mode of volume fraction of the reaction medium of low gas hold up constructs and operate.Minimizing of this unaerated district can quantize by the discrete levels fragment that in theory whole volumes of reaction medium is divided into 2000 even volumes.Except high and minimum horizontal fragment, each horizontal fragment be in its side by sidewall of reactor restriction and in its top and bottom by the discrete volume of the horizontal plane restriction of fabricating.The highest level fragment is limited by the upper surface of reaction medium by the horizontal plane restriction of fabricating and at its top in its bottom.The minimum level fragment is limited by the lower end of container by the horizontal plane restriction of fabricating and in its bottom at its top.In case reaction medium is divided into 2000 discrete levels fragments of equal volume in theory, can measure segmental time average of each level and volume averaging gas hold up.When adopting the method for this quantification unaerated district quantity, preferably, time average and volume averaging gas hold up less than 30, are more preferably less than 15 less than the segmental number of 0.1 level, still are more preferably less than 6, even are more preferably less than 4, most preferably less than 2.Preferably, gas hold up less than 80, is more preferably less than 40 less than the segmental number of 0.2 level, still is more preferably less than 20, even is more preferably less than 12, most preferably less than 5.Preferably, gas hold up less than 120, is more preferably less than 80 less than the segmental number of 0.3 level, still is more preferably less than 40, even is more preferably less than 20, most preferably less than 15.
Referring again to Fig. 1 and 2, find that in reaction zone 28 oxygenant atomizer 34 being settled lowly provides several advantages, comprises the quantity that has reduced unaerated district in the reaction medium 36.The length " L " of the height of assumed response medium 36 " H ", reaction zone 28 and the maximum diameter " D " of reaction zone 28, preferably, (oxidant stream promptly＞50wt%) is introducing reaction zone 28 within about 0.025H, the 0.022L of reaction zone 28 lower ends 52 and/or 0.25D with most of.More preferably, most of oxidant stream is introduced reaction zone 28 within about 0.02H, the 0.018L of reaction zone 28 lower ends 52 and/or 0.2D.Most preferably, most of oxidant stream is introduced reaction zone 28 within 0.015H, the 0.013L of reaction zone 28 lower ends 52 and/or 0.15D.
In the embodiment shown in Fig. 2, the vertical range " Y between the outlet of the top oxygenant opening 68 of reaction zone 28 lower ends 52 and oxygenant atomizer 34
1" less than about 0.25H, 0.022L and/or 0.25D, make basically whole oxidant streams within about 0.25H, the 0.022L of reaction zone 28 lower ends 52 and/or 0.25D, enter reaction zone 28.More preferably, Y
1Less than about 0.02H, 0.018L and/or 0.2D.Most preferably, Y
1Less than 0.015H, 0.013L and/or 0.15D, but greater than 0.005H, 0.004L and/or 0.06D.Fig. 2 has described the tangent line 72 of top margin bonded position of the oval bottom 48 of the base that is positioned at the cylinder-shaped body 46 of shell of tank 22 wherein and shell of tank 22.Perhaps, bottom 48 can be an arbitrary shape, comprises taper shape, and tangent line still is defined as the base of cylinder-shaped body 46.Vertical range " Y between the top of tangent line 72 and oxygenant atomizer 34
2" preferably be at least about 0.0012H, 0.001L and/or 0.01D; More preferably be at least about 0.005H, 0.004L and/or 0.05D; Most preferably be 0.01H, 0.008L and/or 0.1D at least.Vertical range " Y between the outlet of the bottom oxygenant opening 70 of reaction zone 28 lower ends 52 and oxygenant atomizer 34
3" preferably less than about 0.015H, 0.013L and/or 0.15D; Be more preferably less than about 0.012H, 0.01L and/or 0.1D; Most preferably less than 0.01H, 0.008L and/or 0.075D, still greater than 0.003H, 0.002L and/or 0.025D.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, structure is discharged into opening in the reaction zone with oxidant stream and feed stream, makes to be directly proportional with the port area of this opening from the oxygenant of opening discharging or the amount (weight) of feed stream.Thus, for example, if 50% the accumulation port area that is limited by whole oxygenant openings is positioned within the 0.15D of reaction zone bottom, the oxidant stream of 50wt% enters reaction zone within the 0.15D of reaction zone bottom so, and vice versa.
Except by unaerated district in the reaction medium 36 (zone that promptly has low gas hold up) is minimized the advantage that provides, find, can maximize by the gas hold up that makes entire reaction medium 36 and strengthen oxidation.Reaction medium 36 preferred time averages and volume averaging gas hold up are at least about 0.4, and more preferably about 0.6-is about 0.9, most preferably is 0.65-0.85.The physics of several bubbling column reactors 20 and operating characteristics help high gas hold up discussed above.For example, flow the high L of reaction zone 28 for given reactor size and oxidant stream: D ratio produces lower diameter, and it has increased the superfacial velocity in the reaction medium 36, and it has increased gas hold up conversely.In addition, even for given constant superfacial velocity, the actual diameter of bubble tower and L: D ratio is known can to influence the average gas hold-up.In addition, minimize the unaerated district in reaction zone 28 bottoms particularly, help to increase the gas hold-up value.In addition, the tower top pressure of bubbling column reactor and physical construction can influence operational stability under high superfacial velocity and gas hold-up value disclosed herein.
In addition, it has been observed by the present inventors that it is important adopting the tower top pressure of optimizing to operate for the gas hold up and the enhanced mass transfer that obtain to increase.As if, adopt lower tower top pressure operation (according to the Henry law, this has reduced the solvability of molecular oxygen) will reduce the rate of mass transfer of molecular oxygen from gas to liquid.In the mechanical stirring container, this situation is typical, because gas charging degree and rate of mass transfer are by agitator design and tower top pressure domination.But, in bubbling column reactor according to the preferred embodiment of the invention, found how to use lower tower top pressure to cause the gaseous oxidizing agent logistics of given quality to occupy more volumes, increased the superfacial velocity in the reaction medium 36 and and then increase the transmission speed of gas hold up and molecular oxygen.
Bubble coalescence and break between balance be utmost point complex phenomena, cause on the one hand foaming trend, its reduced the internal circulation rate of liquid phase and its may need very, very large abscission zone; And cause less, very large bubble trend on the other hand, its produce lower gas hold up and from the oxidant stream to the liquid phase than low mass transfer speed.About liquid phase, except other factor, its composition, density, viscosity and surface tension are known to interact in very complicated mode, even also produce very complicated result when not having solid phase thus.For example, even when reporting for simple water-air bubble tower and estimating observation, laboratory study person has found that it is applicable to that qualitative " water " is tap water, distilled water, or deionized water.For the complex mixture in the liquid phase with for adding solid phase, complexity further improves.Except other factors, the surface irregularity of individual solid particulate, solid mean sizes, size-grade distribution, in the interaction of they and liquid phase and oxidant stream, determining that it all is important will producing in what kind of bubbling behavior and the natural convection flow pattern with respect to the ability of the amount of solid of liquid phase and the wetting solid surface of liquid.
Thus, the ability that usefully works with high superfacial velocity disclosed herein and high gas hold up of bubbling column reactor depends on that the liquid phase of for example suitably selecting (1) reaction medium forms; (2) amount of precipitated solid and type, the two can be regulated by reaction conditions; (3) be fed to the amount of the oxidant stream in the reactor; (4) tower top pressure, it influences the volumetric flow, bubble stability of oxidant stream and influences temperature of reaction by energy balance; (5) temperature of reaction itself, it influences the performance of fluid property, precipitated solid and the specific volume of oxidant stream; (6) geometrical shape of reaction vessel and mechanical detail comprise L: D ratio.
Referring again to Fig. 1, find that the improvement of oxidable compound (for example-dimethylbenzene) in reaction medium 36 distributes and can provide by in the position of a plurality of perpendicular separations liquid-phase feed stream being introduced reaction zone 28.Preferably, by at least 3 opening for feeds, more preferably at least 4 opening for feeds are introduced reaction zone 28 with liquid-phase feed stream.Term used herein " opening for feed " expression wherein liquid-phase feed stream is discharged in the reaction zone 28 with reaction medium 36 blended openings.Preferably, at least 2 opening for feeds are perpendicular to one another at interval at least about 0.5D, more preferably at least about 1.5D, and 3D at least most preferably.But preferably, vertical spacing is not more than about 0.75H, 0.65L and/or 8D between the highest opening for feed and the minimum oxygenant opening; More preferably no more than about 0.5H, 0.4L and/or 5D; Most preferably be not more than 0.4H, 0.35L and/or 4D.
Introduce liquid-phase feed stream though be desirably in a plurality of vertical positions.But also have been found that if most of liquid-phase feed stream is introduced the Lower Half of reaction medium 36 and/or reaction zone 28, then provide the improvement of oxidable compound in reaction medium 36 to distribute.Preferably, introduce the Lower Half of reaction medium 36 and/or reaction zone 28 at least about the liquid-phase feed stream of 75wt%.Most preferably, introduce the Lower Half of reaction medium 36 and/or reaction zone 28 at least about the liquid-phase feed stream of 90wt%.In addition, preferably, will therein oxidant stream be introduced within about 1.5D of minimum vertical position of reaction zone 28 at least about the liquid-phase feed stream of 30wt% and introduce reaction zone 28.Oxidant stream is introduced this minimum vertical position of reaction zone 28 usually in oxygenant atomizer bottom; But the preferred embodiments of the invention have been considered the multiple alternative construction that is used for oxidant stream is introduced reaction zone 28.Preferably, will therein oxidant stream be introduced within about 2.5D of minimum vertical position of reaction zone 28 at least about the liquid phase feeding of 50wt% and introduce.Preferably, will therein oxidant stream be introduced within about 5D of minimum vertical position of reaction zone 28 at least about the liquid-phase feed stream of 75wt% and introduce.
Each opening for feed limits the port area of discharging charging by it.Preferably, the accumulation port area at least about whole feed entrances of 30% is positioned within about 1.5D of the minimum vertical position of wherein oxidant stream being introduced reaction zone 28.Preferably, the accumulation port area at least about whole feed entrances of 50% is positioned within about 2.5D of the minimum vertical position of wherein oxidant stream being introduced reaction zone 28.Preferably, the accumulation port area at least about whole feed entrances of 75% is positioned within about 5D of the minimum vertical position of wherein oxidant stream being introduced reaction zone 28.
Referring again to Fig. 1, In one embodiment of the present invention, feed entrance 32a, b, c, d only are a succession of vertically aligned opening along shell of tank 22 1 sides.These opening for feeds preferably have the similar basically diameter less than about 7cm, and more preferably the about 5cm of about 0.25-most preferably is 0.4-2cm.Bubbling column reactor 20 preferably is equipped with and is used for controlling the system of liquid-phase feed stream from the effusive flow velocity of each opening for feed.This flow system preferably includes and is used for each each flow control valve 74a, b, c, d of feed entrance 32a, b, c, d separately.In addition, preferably, bubbling column reactor 20 is equipped with and can makes at least a portion liquid-phase feed stream with at least about 2m/s, more preferably at least about 5m/s, still more preferably be introduced into the flow system of reaction zone 28 at least about the inlet superfacial velocity of 6m/s, the most preferably raising of 8-20m/s.The time average volumetric flow rate of the effusive feed stream of term used herein " inlet superfacial velocity " expression opening for feed is divided by the area of opening for feed.Preferably, will introduce reaction zone 28 with the inlet superfacial velocity that improves at least about the feed stream of 50wt%.Most preferably, with basically all feed streams introduce reaction zone 28 with the inlet superfacial velocity that improves.
Referring now to Fig. 6-7, the alternative system that is used for liquid-phase feed stream is introduced reaction zone 28 is described.In this embodiment, at four different height feed stream is introduced reaction zone 28.Each highly is equipped with separately charging system of distribution 76a, b, c, d.Each charging system of distribution 76 comprises main feed conduit 78 and manifold 80.Each manifold 80 is equipped with at least two outlets 82,84 that are connected in each self-embedding conduit 86,88, and described embedding conduit 86,88 extends in the reaction zone 28 of shell of tank 22.Each embeds conduit 86,88 and presents the opening for feed separately 87,89 that is used for feed stream is discharged into reaction zone 28.Opening for feed 87,89 preferably has the similar basically diameter less than about 7cm, and more preferably the about 5cm of about 0.25-most preferably is 0.4-2cm.Preferably, the opening for feed 87,89 of each charging system of distribution 76a, b, c, d is oppositely arranged on diametric(al), makes in the opposite direction feed stream to be introduced reaction zone 28.In addition, preferably, the opening for feed that is oppositely arranged on diametric(al) 86,88 of adjacent charging system of distribution 76 revolves relative to one another and turn 90 degrees the location.During operation, liquid-phase feed stream is loaded in the main feed conduit 78 and enters manifold 80 subsequently.For introducing by when opening for feed 87,89 is on the opposition side of reactor 20, manifold 80 distributes feed stream equably.
Fig. 8 has described alternative construction, and wherein each charging system of distribution 76 is equipped with bayonet tube (bayonettube) 90,92, but not embeds conduit 86,88 (as shown in Figure 7). Bayonet tube 90,92 is projected in the reaction zone 28 and comprises a plurality of little opening for feeds 94,96 that are used for liquid phase feeding is discharged into reaction zone 28.Preferably, the little opening for feed 94,96 of bayonet tube 90,92 has the substantially the same diameter less than about 50mm, and more preferably the about 25mm of about 2-most preferably is 4-15mm.
Fig. 9-11 has described alternative charging system of distribution 100.Charging system of distribution 100 is introduced liquid-phase feed stream in position a plurality of perpendicular separations and lateral spacing, does not need many places to penetrate bubbling column reactor 20 sidewalls.Charging drawing-in system 100 generally includes single inlet conduits 102, collector (header) 104, a plurality of vertical type distribution pipe 106, lateral brace mechanism 108 and vertical support mechanism 110.Inlet conduits 102 penetrates the sidewall of shell of tank 22 main bodys 46.Be connected in collector 104 inlet conduits 102 fluids.The feed stream that collector 104 will receive from inlet conduits 102 is evenly distributed among vertical type distribution pipe 106.Each distribution pipe 106 has a plurality of opening for feed 112a, b, c, d that are used for feed stream is discharged into the perpendicular separation of reaction zone 28.Lateral brace mechanism 108 is connected in each distribution pipe 106, and suppresses the relative transverse movement of distribution pipe 106.Vertical support mechanism 110 preferably is connected in the top of lateral brace mechanism 108 and oxygenant atomizer 34.Vertical support mechanism 110 vertical movement of distribution pipe 106 in the inhibited reaction district 28 basically.Preferably, opening for feed 112 has the substantially the same diameter less than about 50mm, and more preferably the about 25mm of about 2-most preferably is 4-15mm.The vertical spacing of the opening for feed 112 of charging system of distribution 100 shown in Fig. 9-11 can be equal to above-mentioned described about Fig. 1 charging system of distribution basically.
Find, in many bubbling column reactors the flow pattern of reaction medium can the homologation reaction medium in the uneven orientation (azimuthal) of oxidable compound distribute, especially when oxidable compound during mainly along the side introducing of reaction medium.Term used herein " orientation " expression is around the angle or the spacing of the elongated upright shafts of reaction zone.Term used herein " uprightly " should be illustrated within vertical 45 °.In one embodiment of the present invention, the feed stream that contains oxidable compound (for example right-dimethylbenzene) is introduced reaction zone by a plurality of orientation opening for feed at interval.These orientation opening for feed at interval can help the high and zone of extremely hanging down oxidable compound concentration in the prophylactic response medium.Various charging drawing-in systems shown in Fig. 6-11 are the example of the system of proper orientation spacing that opening for feed is provided.
Referring again to Fig. 7, introduce reaction medium in order to quantize liquid-phase feed stream with orientation spacing form, reaction medium can be divided into the straight orientation quadrant " Q of four approximately equal volumes in theory
1, Q
2, Q
3, Q
4".These orientation quadrant " Q
1, Q
2, Q
3, Q
4" by a pair of imaginary orthogonal vertical face " P that intersects
1, P
2" limit, this orthogonal vertical face that intersects extends in addition at the maximum perpendicular yardstick and the maximum radial yardstick of reaction medium.When reaction medium is contained in the cylindrical vessel, the imaginary vertical surface P that intersects
1, P
2Intersecting lens will be consistent with cylindrical median vertical line approx, and each orientation quadrant Q
1, Q
2, Q
3, Q
4To be the vertical volume of the common wedge shape that highly equals the reaction medium height.Preferably, the oxidable compound of the overwhelming majority is discharged into reaction medium by the opening for feed that is arranged at least two different azimuth quadrants.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the oxidable compound that is no more than about 80wt% is discharged into reaction medium by the opening for feed that can be arranged in single orientation quadrant.More preferably, the oxidable compound that is no more than about 60wt% is discharged into reaction medium by the opening for feed that can be arranged in single orientation quadrant.Most preferably, the oxidable compound that is no more than 40wt% is discharged into reaction medium by the opening for feed that can be arranged in single orientation quadrant.When the orientation quadrant becomes the location, position angle to make that the oxidable compound of maximum possible is discharged in one of orientation quadrant, measure these orientation distribution parameters of oxidable compound.For example, if whole feed streams rows are changed in the reaction medium by two opening for feeds that spacing 89 is spent on the orientation each other, in order to determine that the orientation in four orientation quadrants distributes, the feed stream of 100wt% is discharged in the reaction medium in single orientation quadrant because the orientation quadrant can so that the mode that two opening for feeds are arranged in single orientation quadrant on the orientation, locate.
Except the advantage relevant with the proper orientation spacing of opening for feed, the suitable radial spacing that also has been found that opening for feed in the bubbling column reactor also may be important.Preferably, the overwhelming majority is introduced the oxidable compound of reaction medium by discharging with the upcountry radially spaced opening for feed of container side wall.Like this, In one embodiment of the present invention, the oxidable compound of the overwhelming majority enters reaction zone by the opening for feed that is positioned at " preferably radially intake zone ", and described preferred radially intake zone from the upstanding sidewall in defined reaction district upcountry at interval.
Referring again to Fig. 7, preferably radially intake zone " FZ " can present theoretical axial cylindrical shape, occupy reaction zone 28 centers and has the external diameter " D of 0.9D
0", wherein " D " is the diameter of reaction zone 28.Thus, between the inside sidewalls in preferred radially intake zone FZ and defined reaction district 28, define the outer toroid that thickness is 0.05D " OA ".Preferably, seldom or do not have oxidable compound and introduce reaction zone 28 by the opening for feed that is positioned at this outer toroid OA.
In another embodiment, preferably, seldom or do not have oxidable compound and be incorporated into reaction zone 28 centers.Thus, as shown in Figure 8.Preferred radially intake zone FZ can present the theoretical axial toroidal that occupy reaction zone 28 centers, has the outer diameter D of 0.9D
0And has the inside diameter D of 0.2D
1Thus, in this embodiment, from the preferred radially interior cylinder IC of the center of intake zone FZ " excision " diameter 0.2D.Preferably, seldom or do not have oxidable compound and introduce reaction zone 28 by the opening for feed that is positioned at this cylinder IC.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, most oxidable compounds are introduced reaction medium 36 by being arranged in the preferred radially opening for feed of intake zone, no matter this preferably radially intake zone whether have above-mentioned cylindrical or annular.More preferably, will be discharged into reaction medium 36 by being arranged in the preferred radially opening for feed of intake zone at least about the oxidable compound of 25wt%.Still more preferably, will be discharged into reaction medium 36 by being arranged in the preferred radially opening for feed of intake zone at least about the oxidable compound of 50wt%.Most preferably, the oxidable compound with 75wt% at least is discharged into reaction medium 36 by being arranged in the preferred radially opening for feed of intake zone.
Though described preferably intake zone radially of the theoretical orientation quadrant shown in Fig. 7 and 8 and theory with reference to the distribution of liquid-phase feed stream, found that the proper orientation of gaseous oxidizing agent logistics and radial distribution also can provide some advantages.Thus, In one embodiment of the present invention, the orientation of the liquid-phase feed stream that provides above and radially-arranged description also are applicable to the mode of wherein the gaseous oxidizing agent logistics being introduced reaction medium 36.
Referring now to Figure 12-15, alternative oxygenant atomizer 200 is described as generally including ring-type element 202 and a pair of oxygenant enters conduit 204,206.The oxygenant atomizer 200 of Figure 12-15 is similar to the oxygenant atomizer 34 of Fig. 1-11, and have following three kinds of key distinctions: (1) oxygenant atomizer 200 does not comprise the diagonal angle lateral direction element; (2) top of ring-type element 202 does not have and is used for opening that oxygenant is upwards discharged; (3) oxygenant atomizer 200 has more a plurality of openings in the bottom of ring-type element 202.
May be preferably as shown in Figure 14 and 15, the bottom of oxygenant atomizer ring 202 presents a plurality of oxygenant openings 208.Preferably construct oxygenant opening 208, make to be positioned under the center line 210 (Figure 15) of ring-type element 202 that wherein center line 210 is positioned at ring-type element 202 centroid of volume height places at least about the 1% total port area that limits by oxygenant opening 208.More preferably, be positioned under the center line 210 at least about the 5% total port area that limits by whole oxygenant openings 208, wherein at least about total port area of 2% by with downward usually direction with vertical into about 30 degree within the opening 208 of discharge oxidant stream limit.Still more preferably, be positioned under the center line 210 at least about the 20% total port area that limits by whole oxygenant openings 208, wherein at least about total port area of 10% by with downward usually direction with vertical into about 30 degree within the opening 208 of discharge oxidant stream limit.Most preferably, be positioned under the center line 210 at least about the 75% total port area that limits by whole oxygenant openings 208, wherein at least about total port area of 40% by with downward usually direction with vertical into about 30 degree within the opening 208 of discharge oxidant stream limit.The mark of the total port area that is limited by the whole oxygenant openings 208 that are positioned on the center line 210 is preferably less than about 75%, more preferably less than about 50%, still more preferably less than about 25%, most preferably less than 5%.
As shown in Figure 14 and 15, oxygenant opening 208 comprises downward opening 208a and oblique opening 208b.Construct downward opening 208a, thus with vertical into about within 30 degree, more preferably with vertical into about within 15 degree, most preferably to become 5 angles within spending down to discharge oxidant stream usually with vertical.Construct oblique opening 208b, thus with vertical into about the angle " A " of about 75 degree of 15-, more preferably with the vertical angle A of spending into about 30-about 60, most preferably outwards and down to discharge oxidant stream usually with the angle A of the vertical 40-50 of one-tenth degree.
Preferably, whole basically oxygenant openings 208 have approximately uniform diameter.The diameter of oxygenant opening 208 is preferably about the about 300mm of 2-, and the about 120mm of more preferably about 4-most preferably is 8-60mm.The sum of selecting oxygenant opening 202 in the ring-type element 202 is to meet the low pressure drop criterion that describes in detail below.Preferably, it is about 10 that the sum of the oxygenant opening 208 that forms in the ring-type element 202 is at least, more preferably oxygenant opening 208 to add up to about 20-about 200, most preferably oxygenant opening 208 adds up to 40-100.
Though Figure 12-15 has described the structure of very concrete oxygenant atomizer 200, be noted that now and can adopt multiple oxygenant spray structure to realize described advantage herein.For example, the oxygenant atomizer needn't need to have the octagon ring-type element structure shown in Figure 12-13.But the oxygenant atomizer can be by adopting a plurality of any flow-catheter structures that are used for the certain distance spaced apertures of exhaust oxidant logistics to form.The size of oxygenant opening, number and emission direction are preferably within above-mentioned scope in the flow-catheter.In addition, preferably construct the oxygenant atomizer, with orientation and the radial distribution that above-mentioned molecular oxygen is provided.
Concrete structure regardless of the oxygenant atomizer, preferably, the oxygenant atomizer comes physique and operation by this way: make and discharge oxidant stream from flow-catheter (one or more), by the oxygenant opening and be discharged into the pressure drop that is associated in the reaction zone and minimize.This pressure drop is as the calculating of getting off, the time average static pressure of the oxidant inlet 66a of oxygenant atomizer, the flow-catheter internal oxidation agent logistics of b place deduct in the reaction zone therein half oxidant stream be higher than that this vertical position is introduced and half oxidant stream at the time average static pressure that is lower than the height place that introduces this vertical position.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the time average pressure drop that is associated with discharge oxidant stream from the oxygenant atomizer is less than about 0.3 MPa (MPa), more preferably less than about 0.2MPa, still more preferably less than about 0.1MPa, most preferably less than 0.05MPa.In this article under the preferred operations condition of described bubbling column reactor, the pressure of the flow-catheter of oxygenant atomizer (one or more) internal oxidation agent logistics is preferably about the about 1MPa of 0.35-, more preferably be the about 0.85MPa of about 0.45-, be most preferably 0.5-0.7MPa.
As what mentioned with reference to the oxygenant spray structure shown in Fig. 2-5 earlier, can desirably wash the oxygenant atomizer continuously or termly, prevent that thus the oxygenant atomizer is by solids foul with liquid (for example acetate, water and/or right-dimethylphenyl phenyl).When adopting this liquid wash, preferably, flowed out in liquid (promptly not merely being the minimum that possible be present in the drop in the oxidant stream naturally) every day at least one cycle more than one minute of significant quantity by the oxygenant atomizer and from the oxygenant opening.When from the oxygenant atomizer continuously or termly during expel liquid, preferably, the mass velocity of the liquid by the oxygenant atomizer is about 0.05 with the time average ratio of the mass velocity of molecular oxygen by the oxygenant atomizer: about 30: 1 of 1-, perhaps be about 0.1: about 2: 1 of 1-, perhaps even be 0.2: 1-1: 1.
In one embodiment of the present invention, Jue Dabufen oxidable compound (for example right-dimethylbenzene) can be introduced reaction zone by the oxygenant atomizer.In this configuration, preferably, oxidable compound is discharged from the oxygenant atomizer by opening identical in the oxygenant atomizer with molecular oxygen.As mentioned above, oxidable compound is liquid usually under STP.Thus, in this embodiment, can discharge the two-phase logistics from the oxygenant atomizer, wherein liquid phase comprises oxidable compound and gas phase comprises molecular oxygen.Yet, should recognize that the oxidable compound of at least a portion can be in gaseous state from the oxygenant atomizer when discharging.In one embodiment, the liquid phase of discharging from the oxygenant atomizer mainly is made of oxidable compound.In another embodiment, the liquid phase of discharging from the oxygenant atomizer has identical with above-mentioned feed stream basically composition.When the liquid phase of discharging from the oxygenant atomizer had identical with feed stream basically composition, this liquid phase can comprise above solvent and/or the catalyst system of forming described amount and ratio about feed stream.
In one embodiment of the present invention, preferably, all introduce the oxidable compound of reaction zone introduces by the oxygenant atomizer at least about 10wt%, more preferably, introduce reaction zone at least about the oxidable compound of 40wt% by the oxygenant atomizer, most preferably, the oxidable compound of 80wt% is introduced reaction zone by the oxygenant atomizer at least.When all or part of oxidable compound is introduced reaction zone by the oxygenant atomizer, preferably, all introduce the molecular oxygen of reaction zone introduces by identical oxygenant atomizer at least about 10wt%, more preferably, introduce reaction zone at least about the oxidable compound of 40wt% by identical oxygenant atomizer, most preferably, the oxidable compound of 80wt% is introduced reaction zone by identical oxygenant atomizer at least.When the oxidable compound of the overwhelming majority is introduced reaction zone by the oxygenant atomizer, preferably, one or more temperature sensing devices (for example thermopair) are set in the oxygenant atomizer.These temperature sensors can be used for assisting in ensuring that the temperature of oxygenant atomizer can not become jeopardously high.
Referring now to Figure 16-18, bubbling column reactor 20 is described as comprising the inside degassing container 300 that is arranged near slurry outlet 38 reaction zone 28 bottoms.Find that the side reaction that forms impurity during the degassing of reaction medium 36 takes place with high relatively speed.Term used herein " degassing " expression gas phase breaks away from from the heterogeneous reaction medium.When reaction medium 36 hyperinflations (＞0.3 gas hold up (gashold-up)), it is minimum that impurity forms.When reaction medium 36 height unaerateds (＜0.01 gas hold up), it also is minimum that impurity forms.But when reaction medium is partly inflated (0.01-0.3 gas hold up), the side reaction of not expecting is promoted and is generated the impurity that increases.Degassing container 300 minimizes by the volume that makes the reaction medium 36 under the part inflated condition and has solved this and other problem by the time minimization that reaction medium 36 degassing is spent.Basically Tuo Qi slurry generates from degassing container 300 bottoms and leaves reactor 20 by slurry outlet 38.Basically Tuo Qi slurry preferably contains the gas phase less than about 5 volume %, more preferably less than the gas phase of about 2 volume %, most preferably less than the gas phase of 1 volume %.
In Figure 16, bubbling column reactor 20 is described as comprising charge level controller 302 and flow control valve 304.Charge level controller 302 and flow control valve 304 are cooperated with reaction medium 36 in the maintenance reaction zone 28 at the height of substantially constant.Charge level controller 302 can be used for carrying out the height of sensing (for example by differential pressure material level sensing or by nucleon material level sensing (nuclear level sensing)) reaction medium 36 upper surfaces 44 and generates the control signal 306 that the height to reaction medium 36 responds.Flow control valve 304 receives control signal 306 and regulates the flow velocity of slurry by slurry outlet conduit 308.Thus, slurry flows out the maximum oar material volumetric flow rate (F that the flow velocity of slurry outlet 38 can be when the excessive height of reaction medium 36
Max) and spend minimum slurry volume flow velocity (F when low when the height of reaction medium 36
Min) between change.
In order to remove the phase oxidative product from reaction zone 28, a part must at first be passed through degassing container 300.Low-turbulent flow internal volume that the gas phase that degassing container 300 provides homologation reaction medium 36 rises from the liquid phase of reaction medium 36 and solid phase when liquid and solid flow to slurry outlet 38 downwards naturally.It is causing to buoyancy by the nature of gas phase in liquid phase and the solid phase that gas phase rises from liquid phase and solid phase.When adopting degassing container 300, reaction medium 36 from inflation fully, three-phase medium be converted into the degassing fully, the two-phase slurry is fast and effectively.
Referring now to Figure 17 and 18, degassing container 300 comprises the common axial sidewall 308 of qualification degas zone 312 therebetween.Preferably, sidewall 308 with vertical into about 30 the degree within extend upward, more preferably with vertical into about 10 the degree within.Most preferably, sidewall 308 is vertical basically.Degas zone 312 separate with reaction zone 28 and have the height " h " and diameter " d ".The upper end 310 of sidewall 308 is opened wide, and receives thus from the reaction medium in the reaction zone 28 in internal volume 312.The lower end of sidewall 308 by transition section 314 fluids be connected in slurry outlet 38.In some situations,, can remove transition section 314 such as when the opening of slurry outlet 38 is big or when sidewall diameter " d " hour.May be preferably as shown in Figure 18, degassing container 300 also can comprise the vortex breaker 316 that is arranged in the degas zone 312.Vortex breaker 316 can be the arbitrary structures that can be used for suppressing to form vortex when solid phase and liquid phase down flow to slurry outlet 38.
In order to allow that gas phase suitably breaks away from the degassing container 300 from solid phase and liquid phase, select the height " h " and the horizontal cross-sectional area of inner degas zone 312 carefully.The height " h " and the horizontal cross-sectional area of inner degas zone 312 should provide enough distance and the time, (work as at F when taking out the slurry of maximum even make
MaxUnder when taking out slurry), all bubble volumes can rise from solid phase and liquid phase before bubble arrives degassing container 300 outlet at bottoms basically.Thus, preferably, the cross-sectional area of degas zone 312 makes liquid phase and solid phase by the downward speed (V of the maximum of degas zone 312
Dmax) basically less than the natural lift velocity (V of gas phase bubbles by liquid phase and solid phase
u).As discussed above such, liquid phase and solid phase are by the maximum speed (V downwards of degas zone 312
Dmax) appear at maximum slurry volume flow velocity (F
Max) time.Bubble is by the natural lift velocity (V of liquid phase and solid phase
u) according to the size of bubble and difference; But 0.5cm diameter bubble is by the natural lift velocity (V of liquid phase and solid phase
U0.5) can be used as cutoff (cut-off value), because all bubble volume will be all greater than 0.5cm basically in the initial reaction medium 36.Preferably, the cross-sectional area of degas zone 312 makes V
DmaxV less than about 75%
U0.5, V more preferably
DmaxV less than about 40%
U0.5, V most preferably
DmaxV less than 20%
U0.5
The downward speed of liquid phase and solid phase is as the calculating of getting off in the degas zone 312 of degassing container 300: the volumetric flow rate of the slurry of the degassing by slurry outlet 38 is divided by the smallest cross-section area of degas zone 312.The downward speed of liquid phase and solid phase is preferably less than about 50cm/s in the degas zone 312 of degassing container 300, more preferably less than about 30cm/s, and most preferably less than 10cm/s.
Be noted that now, though the upstanding sidewall 308 of degassing container 300 is described as having cylindrical structural, but sidewall 308 can comprise the sidewall of multiple formation different structure (for example trilateral, square or ellipse), as long as these walls qualifications have the internal volume of proper volume, cross-sectional area, width " d " and height " h ".In a preferred embodiment of the invention, " d " is the about 2m of about 0.2-, and the about 1.5m of more preferably about 0.3-most preferably is 0.4-1.2m.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, " h " is the about 5m of about 0.3-, and the about 3m of more preferably about 0.5-most preferably is 0.75-2m.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, sidewall 308 is vertical basically, makes that the horizontal cross-sectional area of degas zone 312 is a constant along the whole height " h " of degas zone 312 basically.Preferably, the long-pending largest horizontal cross sectional less than about 25% reaction zone 28 of the largest horizontal cross sectional of degas zone 312 is long-pending.More preferably, the largest horizontal cross sectional of the reaction zone 28 of the long-pending about 0.1-about 10% of being of the largest horizontal cross sectional of degas zone 312 is amassed.Most preferably, the largest horizontal cross sectional of the reaction zone 28 of the long-pending 0.25-4% of being of the largest horizontal cross sectional of degas zone 312 is amassed.Preferably, the largest horizontal cross sectional of degas zone 312 is long-pending to be about 3 square metres of about 0.02-, and about 2 square metres of more preferably about 0.05-most preferably is 0.1-1.2 square metre.The volume of degas zone 312 is preferably less than about 5% of the cumulative volume of reaction medium 36 or reaction zone 28.More preferably, the volume of degas zone 312 is about 0.01-about 2% of the cumulative volume of reaction medium 36 or reaction zone 28.Most preferably, the volume of degas zone 312 is the 0.05-about 1% of the cumulative volume of reaction medium 36 or reaction zone 28.The volume of degas zone 312 is preferably less than about 2 cubic metres, and about 1 cubic metre of more preferably about 0.01-most preferably is the 0.05-0.5 cubic meter.
Forward Figure 19 now to, bubbling column reactor 20 is described as comprising outside degassing container 400.In this structure, from reaction zone 28, take out by the reaction medium 36 of high-order opening in the side of shell of tank 22 with inflation.The medium transport of the inflation that will take out by delivery channel 402 to outside degassing container 400 from solid phase and liquid phase, to break away from gas phase.The gas phase that breaks away from is left degassing container 400 by conduit 404, and the slurry of the degassing leaves degassing container 400 by conduit 406 basically simultaneously.
In Figure 19, delivery channel 402 is shown as approximate straight, level and is orthogonal to shell of tank 22.This only is a kind of suitable structure; Delivery channel 402 can be arbitrary form in addition, and prerequisite is that it usefully links to each other bubbling column reactor 20 with outside degassing container 400.About conduit 404, usefully being this conduit connects near degassing container 400 tops or its, controls thus and the relevant control safety problem of the stagnation air bag that contains oxidable compound and oxygenant (stagnant gas pocket).In addition, conduit 402 and the 404 flow insulated equipment that can usefully comprise such as valve.
When discharging reaction medium 36 by high-order outlet from reactor 20, as shown in Figure 19, preferably, bubbling column reactor 20 is equipped with lower part outlet 408 near reaction zone 28 bottoms 52.Lower part outlet 408 can be used for stock's (promptly emptying) that parking period is eliminated reactor 20 with the bottom conduit 410 that is connected thereon.Preferably, in 1/3rd height of the bottom of reaction medium 36, more preferably in 1/4th height of the bottom of reaction medium 36, most preferably the lower-most point at reaction zone 28 provides one or more lower part outlets 408.
Adopt the high-order slurry shown in Figure 19 to discharge and degas system, bottom conduit 410 and export 408 and be not used between oxidation period and from reaction zone 28, take out slurry.Well known in the artly be that solid tends to the sedimentation by gravity in the unaerated of slurry and the part that do not stir in other cases, is included in the stagnant flow conduit.In addition, settled solid (for example terephthalic acid) can tend to fixedly by continuing precipitation and/or crystallization reorganization be macro aggregate.Thus, for fear of the obstruction of bottom flow-catheter 410, a part can be used for continuously or intermittently flushing bottom conduit 410 during the normal running of reactor 20 from the slurry of the degassing of degassing container 400 bottoms.The optimal way that conduit 410 this slurry flushings are provided is regularly to open the valve 412 in the conduit 410 and make the slurry of the part degassing flow through conduit 410 and enter reaction zone 28 by lower openings 408.Even when valve 412 is opened wholly or in part, only the slurry of some degassing flows through bottom conduit 410 and turns back in the reaction zone 28.The slurry of the degassing of remainder also is not used in flushing bottom conduit 410, and it takes out from reactor 20 by conduit 414 and is used for further downstream processing (for example purifying).
During the normal running of bubbling column reactor 20 within the fully long time (for example＞100 hour), preferably, the amount of slurry of the degassing that is used to wash bottom conduit 410 is less than the 50wt% of the slurry of the whole degassings that generate from degassing container 400 bottoms, be more preferably less than about 20wt%, most preferably less than 5wt%.In addition, preferably, within the long basically time, the mass flow rate of slurry that is used to wash the degassing of bottom conduit 410 enters about 4 times of mass flow rate of reaction zone 28 less than oxidable compound, be more preferably less than about 2 times of mass flow rate that oxidable compound enters reaction zone 28, still be more preferably less than the mass flow rate that oxidable compound enters reaction zone 28, most preferably enter 0.5 times of mass flow rate of reaction zone 28 less than oxidable compound.
Referring again to Figure 19, degassing container 400 comprises axial basically, the cylindrical side wall 416 preferably that limits degas zone 418.Degas zone 418 has diameter " d " and height " h ".Highly " h " is measured as the reaction medium of wherein inflating and enters the position of degassing container 400 and the vertical range between sidewall 416 bottoms.The height of degas zone 418 " h ", diameter " d ", area and volume preferably are equal to above-mentioned degas zone 312 about degassing container 300 shown in Figure 16-18 basically.In addition, degassing container 400 is included in the upper segment 420 that is formed by the sidewall 416 that extends on the degas zone 418.The upper segment 420 of degassing container 400 can be an arbitrary height, although its preferably extend up to reaction medium 36 in the reaction zone 28 liquid level or on.Upper segment 420 guarantees that gas phase has the space, suitably breaks away from from liquid phase and solid phase before leaving degassing container 400 by conduit 404 thus.Send back to the abscission zone of reactor 20 though be noted that gas phase that conduit 404 is described as breaking away from now, conduit 404 alternatively can be connected in shell of tank 22 at the arbitrary height place on the delivery channel 402.Randomly, conduit 404 can be connected in pneumatic outlet conduit 40, makes the overhead vapor stream merging of removing in the gas phase that breaks away from the degassing container 400 and the conduit 40 and deliver to the downstream and be used for further processing.
Forward Figure 20 now to, bubbling column reactor 20 is described as comprising the inside and outside degassing container 500 of blended.In this structure, a part of reaction medium 36 is taken out from reaction zone 28 by big relatively high-order opening 502 in shell of tank 22 sidewalls.The reaction medium 36 that takes out is transferred by large diameter relatively catheter coude 504 subsequently and enters the top of degassing container 500.In Figure 20, catheter coude 504 is shown as the sidewall that is connected in shell of tank 22 orthogonally and comprises the level and smooth corner (turn) of about 90 degree of angle.This only is a kind of suitable structure; And catheter coude 504 can be the form of making preparations for sowing in addition, and prerequisite is that it usefully is connected in bubbling column reactor 20 outside degassing container 500, as described.In addition, catheter coude 504 can usefully comprise the flow insulated equipment such as valve.
In degassing container 500, gas phase moves upward, and solid phase and liquid phase move downward simultaneously.The gas phase that moves upward can enter catheter coude 504 once more and flow back in the reaction zone 28 by opening 502 subsequently.Thus, the adverse current of opening 502 places reaction medium 36 that can enter and the disengaging gas that leaves.Degassing slurry leaves degassing container 500 by conduit 506.Degassing container 500 comprises axial basically, the cylindrical side wall 508 preferably that limits degas zone 510.Degas zone 510 has height " h " and diameter " d ".Preferably, high-order opening 502 and catheter coude 504 have and are equal to or greater than the diameter of the diameter " d " of degas zone 510.The height of degas zone 510 " h ", diameter " d ", area and volume preferably be equal to basically above-mentioned degas zone 312 about degassing container 300 shown in Figure 16-18 described those.
Figure 19 and 20 has described the embodiment of bubbling column reactor 20, wherein by high-order outlet the solid product (for example crude terephthalic acid) that generates in the reaction zone 28 is taken out from reaction zone 28.The reaction medium 36 that upper level position taking-up on bubbling column reactor 20 bottoms is inflated can help avoid in reaction zone 28 bottoms 52 and occur inflating reaction medium 36 gatherings of difference and silting up.According to other aspects of the invention, the concentration of oxygen and oxidable compound (for example right-dimethylbenzene) is preferably lower than near the bottom near the reaction medium 36 in reaction medium 36 tops.Thus, take out reaction medium 36 in upper level position and can improve productive rate by the amount that reduces the unreacted reactant that from reactor 20, takes out.In addition, such as described herein, when adopting high STR and chemical constitution gradient to operate bubbling column reactor 20, the temperature variation of reaction medium 36 is obvious on the vertical direction.Under these conditions, the temperature of reaction medium 36 has local minimum usually near the lower end of reaction zone 28 and upper end.Near the lower end, minimum value is relevant with near the evaporation of the solvent in position that all or part of oxygenant is received.Near the upper end, minimum value is also owing to the evaporation of solvent, although herein owing to the pressure that descends in the reaction medium.In addition, other local minimum may occur between the top and bottom, and no matter where other charging or oxygenant is received in the reaction medium.Thus, between the top and bottom of reaction zone 28, there are one or more temperature maximum values that cause by the heat release of oxidizing reaction.Handle when carrying out under comparatively high temps when the downstream, it can be useful especially taking out reaction medium 36 in the upper level position of comparatively high temps, is used for the energy cost that the medium of the discharge of downstream processing is associated because reduced with heating.
Thus, in a preferred embodiment of the invention and especially handle when carrying out under comparatively high temps when the downstream, the high position outlet (one or more) on liquid-phase feed stream by being arranged in 50wt% at least and/or the position (one or more) that the gaseous oxidizing agent logistics enters reaction zone 28 is taken out reaction medium 36 from bubbling column reactor 20.More preferably, by the high position outlet (one or more) that is arranged in basically on the position (one or more) that whole liquid-phase feed stream and/or gaseous oxidizing agent logistics enter reaction zone 28 reaction medium 36 is discharged from bubbling column reactor 20.Preferably, 50wt% solid phase of discharging from bubbling column reactor 20 and liquid phase component are discharged by high-order outlet (one or more) at least.More preferably, solid phase of all discharging from bubbling column reactor 20 basically and liquid phase component are discharged by high-order outlet (one or more).Preferably, high-order outlet (one or more) be positioned on reaction zone 28 lower ends 52 at least about the 1D place.More preferably, high-order outlet (one or more) be positioned on reaction zone 28 lower ends 52 at least about the 2D place.Most preferably, high-order outlet (one or more) is positioned at the place of 3D at least on reaction zone 28 lower ends 52.The height of assumed response medium 36 " H ", preferably, high-order outlet (one or more) is vertically between the about 0.8H of about 0.2H-, more preferably between the about 0.7H of about 0.3H-, most preferably between 0.4H-0.6H.In addition, preferably, the temperature of high-order exit reaction medium 36 is higher than at least 1 ℃ of the temperature of reaction zone 28 lower ends 52 reaction mediums 36 from reaction zone 28.More preferably, the temperature of reaction zone 28 high-order exit reaction mediums 36 is higher than about 1.5 ℃-Yue 16 ℃ of the temperature of reaction zone 28 lower ends 52 place's reaction mediums 36.Most preferably, the temperature of reaction zone 28 high-order exit reaction mediums 36 is higher than 2 ℃-12 ℃ of the temperature of reaction zone 28 lower ends 52 place's reaction mediums 36.
Referring now to Figure 21, bubbling column reactor 20 is described as comprising the alternative mixed type degassing container 600 that is positioned at reactor 20 bottoms.In this structure, the reaction medium 36 of inflation is discharged from reaction zone 28 by opening 602 big relatively in shell of tank 22 lower ends 52.Opening 602 limits the open upper end of degassing container 600.In the degassing container 600, gas phase moves upward, and solid phase and liquid phase move downward simultaneously.The gas phase that moves upward can enter reaction zone 28 once more by opening 602.The adverse current of reaction medium 36 that can enter thus, and the disengaging gas that leaves at opening 602 places.Degassing slurry leaves degassing container 600 by conduit 604.Degassing container 600 comprises axial basically, the cylindrical side wall 606 preferably that limits degas zone 608.Degas zone 608 has height " h " and diameter " d ".Preferably, opening 602 has and is equal to or greater than the diameter of the diameter " d " of degas zone 608.The height of degas zone 608 " h ", diameter " d ", area and volume preferably be equal to basically above-mentioned degas zone 312 about degassing container 300 shown in Figure 16-18 described those.
Referring now to Figure 22, the bubbling column reactor 20 of Figure 21 is described as comprising alternative oxygenant atomizer 620.Oxygenant atomizer 620 comprises ring-type element 622 and a pair of inlet conduits 624,626.Ring-type element 622 preferably has and is equal to above structure about the ring-type element 202 described in Figure 12-15 basically.Inlet conduits 624,626 extends upward by the opening in shell of tank 22 bottoms 48 and oxidant stream is offered ring-type element 622.
Referring now to Figure 23, the bubbling column reactor 20 of Figure 21 is described as comprising the no atomiser-type appts that is used for oxidant stream is introduced reaction zone 28.In the structure of Figure 23, oxidant stream offers reactor 20 by oxidizer manifold 630,632.Oxidizer manifold 630,632 is connected in shell of tank 22 bottoms 48 oxygenant opening 634,636 separately.By oxygenant opening 634,636 oxidant stream is directly introduced reaction zone 28.Can provide optional strike plate 638,640, in case make its deflect flow when oxidant stream enters reaction zone 28 at first thus.
As mentioned above, preferably, construct and operate oxidation reactor in the mode in the zone of avoiding occurring in the reaction medium the oxidable compound of high density, because this zone can cause forming impurity.A kind of method of improving the initial dispersion of oxidable compound (for example right-dimethylbenzene) in reaction medium is by this oxidable compound of liquid dilution.The liquid that is used to dilute oxidable compound can be created on a part be positioned at distance with oxidable compound feeding to the position (one or more) of reaction zone the reaction medium of distance greatly.Can this liquid (it is from the reaction medium of distant place part) be recycled to the position of approaching oxidable compound in-position by the flow-catheter that is positioned at main reaction internal tank and/or outside.
Figure 24 and 25 has described use inner (Figure 24) or outside (Figure 25) conduit will arrive near two kinds of preferred method of the position of oxidable compound inlet from the liquid circulation of the reaction medium of part at a distance.Preferably, the length of flow-catheter from its inlet (being the opening (one or more) that liquid enters conduit) to its outlet (being the opening (one or more) that liquid is discharged from conduit) is greater than about 1 meter, more preferably greater than about 3 meters, still more preferably greater than about 6 meters, most preferably greater than 9 meters.But if when obtaining this liquid from the container that separates, the physical length of this conduit becomes uncorrelated, and container that should be separately may be discharged on wherein the container or the next door near oxidable compound feeding at first.From the liquid of the container that separates arbitrarily that contains at least some reaction mediums is to be used for the preferred feedstock of initially diluting oxidable compound.
Which kind of source no matter preferably, flow through the liquid of conduit, be, compares with the reaction medium near at least one conduit outlet, has static (standing) concentration of lower oxidable compound.In addition, preferably, the liquid oxidable compound concentrations in liquid phase that flows through conduit is lower than about 100,000ppmw, more preferably be lower than about 10,000ppmw, still more preferably be lower than about 1,000ppmw most preferably is lower than 100ppmw, wherein measures this concentration before the oxidable compound feeding of interpolation increment and any optional solvent feed of separating in conduit.When measuring after oxidable compound feeding that is adding increment and the optional solvent charging, preferably, the combination liquid stream oxidable compound concentrations in liquid phase that enters reaction medium is lower than about 300,000ppmw, more preferably be lower than about 50,000ppmw most preferably is lower than 10,000ppmw.
Desirably, keep the enough low speed that is flowing in, make total gradient (overall gradient) of the oxidable compound expected in the round-robin liquid inhibited reaction medium by conduit.In this, preferably, the quality that is discharged into liquid phase in wherein the reaction zone at first at the oxidable compound of increment and liquid flow are crossed the ratio of mass velocity of conduit greater than about 0.3 minute, more preferably greater than about 1 minute, still more preferably be about 2 minutes-Yue 120 minutes, be most preferably 3-60 minute.
Exist many kinds to be used to force liquid flow to cross the mode of conduit.Preferred mode comprises gravity, adopts gas or liquid or the two all types of injectors and all types of mechanical pump as moving fluid.When using injector, a kind of embodiment of the present invention is used and at least aly is selected from following fluid as moving fluid: oxidable compound feeding (liquid or gas), oxidant feed (gas), solvent feed (liquid) and reaction medium pump in stock (slurry).Another embodiment uses at least two kinds to be selected from following fluid as moving fluid: oxidable compound feeding, oxidant feed and solvent feed.Still another embodiment uses the combination of oxidable compound feeding, oxidant feed and solvent feed as moving fluid.
The suitable diameter (one or more) of circulation duct can be according to amount that is transported material and character, can obtain to be used to promote the energy of flow motion and the consideration of cost of investment changes.Preferably, the minimum diameter of this conduit more preferably is the about 2m of about 0.06m-greater than about 0.02m, is most preferably 0.12m-0.8m.
As mentioned above, be desirably in some preferred range inner control flowing by conduit.Exist many kinds well known in the art by during the structure flow-catheter, the method that suitable fixed geometry realizes this control being set.Another kind of embodiment preferred is to use variable geometrical shape of operating period, comprises the valve of all kinds and specification especially, comprise that manual operation passes through any apparatus with power operation the two, comprise the feedback control loop of sensing member or do not comprise.The another kind of preferred method of control diluted liquid mobile is the energy input that changes between duct entry and the outlet.Preferable methods comprises the flow velocity of the one or more moving fluids of change to injector, changes the energy input of pump driving mechanism and change density difference or difference of altitude when using gravity.These preferable methods also can be used with all array configurations.
Being used for making the conduit of reaction medium liquid circulation can be any type well known in the art.A kind of embodiment has adopted all or part of use conventional pipelines material and the conduit of constructing.Another embodiment has adopted all or part of use reactor vessel wall as the part of conduit and the conduit of constructing.Conduit can be configured to be sealed in fully within the border of reaction vessel (Figure 24), and perhaps it can be configured to outside reaction vessel (Figure 25) fully, perhaps its can be included in simultaneously within the reaction vessel and outside section.
The present inventor has considered particularly in bigger reactor, can desirably have a plurality of conduits and be used for the multiple design of liquid by catheter movement.In addition, what can expect is, one or all supravasal a plurality of positions a plurality of outlets are provided.According to other aspects of the invention, the initial dilution of the expectation of the total gradient expected in the static concentration of the special feature of this design with the oxidable compound of balance and oxidable compound feeding.
Figure 24 and 25 has all described the design of adopting the degassing container of linking conduit.This degassing container has guaranteed to be used to dilute the slurry of that part of reaction medium for outgasing basically of the oxidable compound that enters.But, be noted that now the liquid or the slurry that are used to dilute the oxidable compound that enters can be inflation form and degassing form.
The useful especially dilution that is to use the liquid that flows through conduit that oxidable compound feeding is provided in bubbling column reactor.In addition, in bubbling column reactor, even oxidable compound feeding is not directly added in the conduit, also can realize initially diluting the good benefit of oxidable compound feeding, prerequisite is that the outlet of conduit is positioned at the position that close enough adds oxidable compound.In this embodiment, preferably, the outlet of conduit is positioned within about 27 conduit outlet diameters of nearest oxidable compound point of addition, more preferably within about 9 conduit outlet diameters, still more preferably within about 3 conduit outlet diameters, most preferably within 1 conduit outlet diameter.
Have been found that also according to a kind of embodiment of the present invention, flow injectors can be used for the initial dilution of the oxidable compound feeding of oxidation bubble tower, be not used for the conduit of the reaction medium acquisition diluted liquid of part from afar even do not use.In this case, injector is arranged in reaction medium and has open circuit from reaction medium to the injector neck, at the contiguous reaction medium of this low-pressure suction.The example of two kinds of possible emitter constructions has been described among Figure 26 and 27.In the preferred embodiment of these injectors, the proximal most position of the oxidable compound of charging within about 4m of injector neck, more preferably within the about 1m at the injector neck, most preferably be injector neck 0.3m.In another embodiment, oxidable compound under pressure as the moving fluid charging.In another embodiment still, solvent or oxygenant under pressure as extra moving fluid with oxidable compound charging.In another embodiment still, solvent and oxygenant the two under pressure as extra moving fluid with oxidable compound charging.
The present inventor has considered particularly in bigger reactor, can desirably have a plurality of injectors and the various design that are arranged in each position of reaction medium.According to other aspects of the invention, the initial dilution of the expectation of the total gradient expected in the static concentration of the special feature of this design with the oxidable compound of balance and oxidable compound feeding.In addition, the present inventor has considered that the mobile plume (plume) of injector outlet can be gone up orientation in any direction.When using a plurality of injector, each injector also can be orientated on the direction respectively arbitrarily.
The vertical gradient of pressure, temperature and reactant (being oxygen and the oxidable compound) concentration that provides reaction medium 36 about some physics and the operating characteristics of Fig. 1-2 7 described bubbling column reactors 20 as mentioned above.As mentioned above, these vertical gradient may provide the method for oxidation more effective and more economical with respect to the conventional oxidation method, the well blend type reaction medium of the uniform relatively everywhere pressure of conventional oxidation method preference, temperature and reactant concn.To discuss in more detail now by using according to embodiments of the present invention oxidation system and the vertical gradient of oxygen in the cards, oxidable compound (for example right-dimethylbenzene) and temperature.
Referring now to Figure 28, the reactant concn gradient in order to quantize to exist in the reaction medium 36 between oxidation period in the bubbling column reactor 20 can be divided into isopyknic 30 discrete levels fragments on the whole volume theories with reaction medium 36.Figure 28 has described reaction medium 36 has been divided into isopyknic 30 segmental notions of discrete levels.Except high and minimum horizontal fragment, each horizontal fragment be in its top and bottom by the horizontal plane restriction of fabricating and in the discrete volume of its sidepiece by the restriction of reactor 20 walls.The highest level fragment is limited by the upper surface of reaction medium 36 by the horizontal plane restriction of fabricating and at its top in its bottom.The minimum level fragment is limited by the bottom of shell of tank by the horizontal plane restriction of fabricating and in its bottom at its top.In case reaction medium 36 is divided into 30 discrete levels fragments of equal volume in theory, can measure segmental time average of each level and volume averaging concentration subsequently.Individual level fragment with whole 30 segmental peak concentrations of level can be called as " the horizontal fragment of C-max ".Be positioned on the horizontal fragment of C-max and individual level fragment that have the segmental Cmin of whole levels that is positioned on the horizontal fragment of C-max can be called as " the horizontal fragment of C-min ".Subsequently, the vertical concentration gradient may be calculated the concentration in the horizontal fragment of C-max and the ratio of the concentration in the horizontal fragment of C-min.
About quantizing oxygen concentration gradient, when reaction medium 36 being divided in theory isopyknic 30 discrete levels fragments, O
2The horizontal fragment of-max is called as and has whole 30 segmental maximum oxygen concentration of level, O
2The horizontal fragment of-min is called as and has the O of being positioned at
2The segmental minimum oxygen concentration of level on the horizontal fragment of-max.The segmental oxygen concn of level is measured in the gas phase of reaction medium 36, based on time average and volume averaging mole wet basis.Preferably, O
2Segmental oxygen concn of-max level and O
2The ratio of the segmental oxygen concn of-min level is about 2: about 25: 1 of 1-, more preferably about 3: about 15: 1 of 1-most preferably is 4: 1-10: 1.
Usually, O
2The horizontal fragment of-max will be positioned near reaction medium 36 bottoms, and O
2The horizontal fragment of-min will be positioned near reaction medium 36 tops.Preferably, O
2The horizontal fragment of-min is one of 5 horizontal fragments of topmost in 30 discrete levels fragments.Most preferably, O
2The horizontal fragment of-min is 30 topmost fragments in the discrete levels fragment, as shown in Figure 28.Preferably, O
2The horizontal fragment of-max is one of 10 horizontal fragments of foot in 30 discrete levels fragments.Most preferably, O
2The horizontal fragment of-max is one of 5 horizontal fragments of foot in 30 discrete levels fragments.For example, Figure 28 has described O
2The horizontal fragment of-max is the 3rd a horizontal fragment from reactor 20 bottoms.Preferably, O
2-min and O
2Vertical spacing between the horizontal fragment of-max is at least about 2W, more preferably at least about 4W, and 6W at least most preferably.Preferably, O
2-min and O
2Vertical spacing between the horizontal fragment of-max is at least about 0.2H, more preferably at least about 0.4H, and 0.6H at least most preferably.
Based on wet basis, O
2Segmental time average of-min level and volume averaging oxygen concn are preferably the about 3mol% of about 0.1-, and more preferably about 0.3～about 2mol% most preferably is 0.5-1.5mol%.O
2Segmental time average of-max level and volume averaging oxygen concn are preferably the about 20mol% of about 4-, and the about 15mol% of more preferably about 5-most preferably is 6-12mol%.Based on butt, the time average concentration of oxygen is preferably the about 9mol% of about 0.5-in the gaseous effluent of discharging from reactor 20 by pneumatic outlet 40, and more preferably about 1～about 7mol% most preferably is 1.5-5mol%.
Because oxygen concn towards reaction medium 36 tops decay significantly, therefore expectation is, reduces in reaction medium 36 tops demand to oxygen.Near to oxygen this reduction reaction medium 36 tops demand can realize that wherein the Cmin of oxidable compound is positioned near reaction medium 36 tops by form vertical gradient in the concentration of oxidable compound (for example right-dimethylbenzene).
About quantizing oxidable compound (for example right-dimethylbenzene) concentration gradient, when reaction medium 36 being divided in theory isopyknic 30 discrete levels fragments, the horizontal fragment of OC-max is called as and has whole 30 oxidable compound concentrations of the segmental maximum of level, and the horizontal fragment of OC-min is called as and has the oxidable compound concentration of the segmental minimum of level that is positioned on the horizontal fragment of OC-max.The segmental oxidable compound concentration of level is measured in liquid phase, based on time average and volume averaging massfraction.Preferably, the ratio of segmental oxidable compound concentration of OC-max level and the segmental oxidable compound concentration of OC-min level more preferably greater than about 10: 1, still more preferably greater than about 20: 1, most preferably was 40: 1-1000: 1 greater than about 5: 1.
Usually, the horizontal fragment of OC-max will be positioned near reaction medium 36 bottoms, and the horizontal fragment of OC-min will be positioned near reaction medium 36 tops.Preferably, the horizontal fragment of OC-min is one of 5 horizontal fragments of topmost in 30 discrete levels fragments.Most preferably, the horizontal fragment of OC-min is 30 horizontal fragments of the topmost in the discrete levels fragment, as shown in Figure 28.Preferably, the horizontal fragment of OC-max is one of 10 horizontal fragments of foot in 30 discrete levels fragments.Most preferably, the horizontal fragment of OC-max is one of 5 horizontal fragments of foot in 30 discrete levels fragments.For example, Figure 28 has described OC-max horizontal fragment and has been the 5th horizontal fragment from reactor 20 bottoms.Preferably, the vertical spacing between the horizontal fragment of OC-min and OC-max is at least about 2W, and wherein " W " is the maximum width of reaction medium 36.More preferably, the vertical spacing between the horizontal fragment of OC-min and OC-max is at least about 4W, most preferably 6W at least.The height of assumed response medium 36 " H ", preferably, the vertical spacing between the horizontal fragment of OC-min and OC-max is at least about 0.2H, more preferably at least about 0.4H, 0.6H at least most preferably.
The concentration of the oxidable compound of time average and volume averaging (for example right-dimethylbenzene) is preferably less than about 5 in the segmental liquid phase of OC-min level, 000ppmw, more preferably less than about 2,000ppmw, still, be most preferably 1ppmw-100ppm more preferably less than about 400ppmw.To be preferably about 100ppmw-about 10 for the oxidable compound concentrations of time average and volume averaging in the segmental liquid phase of OC-max level, 000ppmw, and more preferably about 5 for about 200ppmw-, 000ppmw is most preferably 500ppmw-3,000ppmw.
Though preferably bubbling column reactor 20 provides the vertical gradient in the oxidable compound concentration, also preferably, the volume percent that makes oxidable compound concentration in the liquid phase be higher than the reaction medium 36 of 1000ppmw minimizes.Preferably, the time average volume percent of reaction medium 36 that oxidable compound concentration is higher than 1000ppmw in the liquid phase is less than about 9%, more preferably less than about 6%, most preferably less than 3%.Preferably, the time average volume percent of reaction medium 36 that oxidable compound concentration is higher than 2500ppmw in the liquid phase is less than about 1.5%, more preferably less than about 1%, most preferably less than 0.5%.Preferably, the time average volume percent of reaction medium 36 that oxidable compound concentration is higher than 10000ppmw in the liquid phase is less than about 0.3%, more preferably less than about 0.1%, most preferably less than 0.03%.Preferably, oxidable compound concentration is higher than 25 in the liquid phase, and the time average volume percent of the reaction medium 36 of 000ppmw is less than about 0.03%, more preferably less than about 0.015%, most preferably less than 0.007%.The present inventor notices that the volume with reaction medium 36 of the oxidable compound of high density needn't be present in the single continuous volume.Often, unordered flow pattern has produced the continuous of two or more reaction mediums 36 with the oxidable compound of high density but segregate part simultaneously in the bubble tower reaction vessel.When being used for time average at every turn, with all these successive but segregate volume (greater than the total reaction medium of 0.0001 volume %) be added to together, determine to have in the liquid phase cumulative volume of high-caliber oxidable compound concentration thus.
As discussed above such, except oxygen and oxidable compound concentrations gradient, preferably, there is thermograde in the reaction medium 36.Referring again to Figure 28, can by in theory reaction medium 36 being divided into isopyknic 30 discrete levels fragments and measuring each segmental time average and volume averaging temperature, quantize this thermograde thus to be similar to the mode of concentration gradient.So, the horizontal fragment that has minimum temperature in 15 minimum level fragments can be called as the horizontal fragment of T-min, and is positioned on the horizontal fragment of T-min and horizontal fragment that have whole segmental maximum temperatures on the horizontal fragment of T-min then can be called as " the horizontal fragment of T-max ".Preferably, the segmental temperature of T-max level than the segmental temperature height of T-min level at least about 1 ℃.More preferably, the segmental temperature of T-max level is than high about 1.25 ℃-Yue 12 ℃ of the segmental temperature of T-min level.Most preferably, the segmental temperature of T-max level is than high 2-8 ℃ of the segmental temperature of T-min level.The segmental temperature of T-max level is preferably about about 200 ℃ of 125-, more preferably for about 180 ℃ of about 140-, is most preferably 150-170 ℃.
Usually, the horizontal fragment of T-max will be positioned near reaction medium 36 centers, and the horizontal fragment of T-min will be positioned near reaction medium 36 bottoms.Preferably, the horizontal fragment of T-min is one of 10 horizontal fragments of foot in 15 minimum level fragments.Most preferably, the horizontal fragment of T-min is one of 5 horizontal fragments of foot in 15 minimum level fragments.For example, Figure 28 has described T-min horizontal fragment and has been second horizontal fragment from reactor 20 bottoms.Preferably, the horizontal fragment of T-max is one of 20 by-level fragments in 30 discrete levels fragments.Most preferably, the horizontal fragment of T-min is one of 14 by-level fragments in 30 discrete levels fragments.For example, Figure 28 has described T-max horizontal fragment and has been the 20 the horizontal fragment (i.e. one of 10 horizontal fragments in centre) from reactor 20 bottoms.Preferably, the vertical spacing between the horizontal fragment of T-min and T-max is at least about 2W, more preferably at least about 4W, and 6W at least most preferably.Preferably, the vertical spacing between the horizontal fragment of T-min and T-max is at least about 0.2H, more preferably at least about 0.4H, and 0.6H at least most preferably.
As discussed above such, when having vertical temperature gradient in the reaction medium 36, can take out reaction medium 36 in the highest upper level position of the temperature of reaction medium valuably, especially when the product that takes out carries out further downstream processing under higher temperature.Thus, as shown in Figure 19 and 20, when taking out reaction medium 36 by one or more high-order outlets from reaction zone 28, preferably, high-order outlet (one or more) is positioned near the horizontal fragment of T-max.Preferably, high-order outlet is positioned within segmental 10 the horizontal fragments of T-max level, more preferably within segmental 5 the horizontal fragments of T-max level, most preferably within segmental 2 the horizontal fragments of T-max level.
Be noted that now described many features of the present invention can be applied to a plurality of oxidation reactor systems-not only just adopted system of single oxidation reactor herein.In addition, more described herein features of the present invention can be applied to just gas blow mixing type reactor (being bubbling column reactor) of mechanical stirring and/or mobile stirring-type oxidation reactor-not only.For example, it has been observed by the present inventors that and some advantages that make that oxygen concn in the entire reaction medium and/or oxygen consumption rate classification/change are associated.By the advantage that oxygen concn in the reaction medium/the consumption classification is realized can be implemented, no matter the cumulative volume of reaction medium is to be contained in the single container or in a plurality of container.In addition, can be implemented by making the advantage that oxygen concn in the reaction medium/the consumption classification is realized, no matter reaction vessel (one or more) is mechanical stirring, mobile stirring-type and/or gas blow mixing type.
Oxygen concn/wear rate divides a kind of method of stage to be in the quantification reaction medium, the reaction medium of more two or more independently (distinct) 20% continuous volume.These 20% continuous volumes needn't be limited by any specific shape, but, each 20% continuous volume must be formed by the reaction medium (being that each volume is " successive ") of the volume that links to each other, and 20% continuous volume forbidden to overlap each other (promptly this volume is " independently ").Figure 29-31 described these independently 20% continuous volume can be arranged in same reactor (Figure 29) or a plurality of reactor (Figure 30 and 31).Be noted that the reactor shown in Figure 29-31 can be a mechanical stirring, stirring-type and/or gas blow mixing type reactor flow.In one embodiment, preferably, the reactor shown in Figure 29-31 is gas blow mixing type reactor (being bubbling column reactor).
Referring now to Figure 29, reactor 20 is described to contain reaction medium 36.Reaction medium 36 comprises first 20% continuous volume 37 and second, the 20% continuous volume 39 independently independently.
Referring now to Figure 30, the multiple reactor system description is for comprising the first reactor 720a and the second reactor 720b.Reactor 720a, contain the reaction medium 736 of whole volumes to the b cooperation.The first reactor 720a contains the first reaction medium part 736a, and the second reactor 720b contains the second reaction medium part 736b.Reaction medium 736 first independently 20% continuous volume 737 be shown as and be limited among the first reactor 720a, and reaction medium 736 second independently 20% continuous volume 739 be shown as and be limited among the second reactor 720b.
Referring now to Figure 31, the multiple reactor system description is for comprising the first reactor 820a, the second reactor 820b and the 3rd reactor 820c.Reactor 820a, b, c contain the reaction medium 836 of whole volumes jointly.The first reactor 820a contains the first reaction medium part 836a; The second reactor 820b contains the second reaction medium part 836b; The 3rd reactor 820c contains the 3rd reaction medium part 836c.Reaction medium 836 first independently 20% continuous volume 837 be shown as and be limited among the first reactor 820a; Reaction medium 836 second independently 20% continuous volume 839 be shown as and be limited among the second reactor 820b; Reaction medium 836 the 3rd independently 20% continuous volume 841 be shown as and be limited among the 3rd reactor 820c.
The reaction medium of reaction medium that the classification of oxygen availability can be by having the 20% continuous volume that enriches molar fraction oxygen most in the reaction medium in the reference gas phase and 20% continuous volume by having the most rare molar fraction oxygen in the reference gas phase quantizes.In gas phase, contain in the gas phase of the independently reaction medium of 20% continuous volume of maximum concentration oxygen, based on wet basis, time average and volume averaging oxygen concn are preferably about the about 18mol% of 3-, more preferably are to be most preferably 4-10mol% by the about 14mol% of about 3.5-.In gas phase, contain in the gas phase of the independently reaction medium of 20% continuous volume of minimum concentration oxygen, based on wet basis, time average and volume averaging oxygen concn are preferably about the about 5mol% of 0.3-, more preferably are to be most preferably 0.9-3mol% by the about 4mol% of about 0.6-.In addition, based on wet basis, the reaction medium of the abundantest 20% continuous volume is preferably about 1.5 with the time average of the reaction medium of the most rare 20% continuous volume and the ratio of volume averaging oxygen concn: about 20: 1 of 1-, more preferably be about 2: about 12: 1 of 1-is most preferably 3: 1-9: 1.
The classification of oxygen consumption rate can quantize according to oxygen-STR in the reaction medium, as described in initial.(promptly for the averaged oxygen-STR of entire reaction medium viewpoint) described oxygen-STR on total meaning hereinbefore; But, also can on local sense, (being a part of reaction medium) consider oxygen-STR, quantize the classification of oxygen consumption rate in the entire reaction medium thus.
It has been observed by the present inventors that, very usefully, make oxygen-STR in the entire reaction medium with disclosed herein, with reaction medium in the molar fraction of molecular oxygen is relevant in pressure and the reaction medium gas phase expectation gradient synthesize and coordinate and change.Thus, preferably, reaction medium first independently oxygen-the STR of 20% continuous volume and reaction medium second independently the ratio of the oxygen-STR of 20% continuous volume be about 1.5: about 20: 1 of 1-, more preferably be about 2: about 12: 1 of 1-is most preferably 3: 1-9: 1.In one embodiment, " first independently 20% continuous volume " is positioned at respect to " second independently 20% continuous volume " and more is close to the position of at first molecular oxygen being introduced reaction medium.The big gradient of among oxygen-STR these is expected, no matter the partial oxidation reaction medium is included in and (for example also is included in the bubble column oxidation reactor in any other type reaction container that wherein forms gradient in pressure and/or reaction medium gas phase in the molar fraction of molecular oxygen, in the mechanical stirring container, it has a plurality of, vertical stirring area of placing, realize by using a plurality of impellers with strong radial flow, can strengthen by traverse baffle (baffle) assembly of common level, has usually oxidant flow, although the back mixing of some oxidant flow may take place between the anti-stirring area that is mixed in adjacent vertical placement that a large amount of oxidant flow may take place in each vertical stirring area of placing) from upwards rising near the charging of reaction vessel bottom.That is to say, when having gradient in the molar fraction of molecular oxygen in pressure and/or reaction medium gas phase, it has been observed by the present inventors that forming similar gradient by method disclosed herein in the chemistry for dissolved oxygen needs is ideal.
The preferred method that local oxygen-STR is changed is that other disclosure according to the present invention is thus controlled oxidable compound concentrations gradient by the position of the oxidable compound of control charging with by controlling the liquid-phase mixing of reaction medium.Other useful method that local oxygen-STR is changed comprises, by causing local temperature to change and causing the variation (for example, in the reaction medium of specific part, cause transpiration cooling by introducing another gas and contain the solvent stream of greater amount water by adding active) of reactive behavior by the local mixture that changes catalyzer and solvent composition in the reaction medium of specific part, to reduce.
As above about Figure 30 and 31 discussed like that, can usefully in a plurality of reaction vessels, carry out partial oxidation reaction, wherein at least a portion, preferably at least 25%, more preferably at least 50%, most preferably at least 75% molecular oxygen that leaves from first reaction vessel is imported in one or more subsequent reaction containers, be used to consume other increment, be preferably more than 10%, more preferably greater than 20%, most preferably greater than 40% molecular oxygen that leaves first/upstream reaction container.When this a succession of molecular oxygen of use from a reactor to other reactor flows, desirably, employing be higher than at least one subsequently the response intensity of reaction vessel operate first reaction vessel, preferably the ratio of container-average-oxygen-STR is about 1.5 in container in first reaction vessel-average-oxygen-STR and the reaction vessel subsequently: about 20: 1 of 1-, more preferably about 2: about 12: 1 of 1-is most preferably 3: 1-9: 1.
As discussed above such, all types of first reaction vessels (for example, bubble tower, mechanical stirring, the back mixing type, internal classification type, piston flow etc.) and all types of reaction vessel subsequently (its can or needn't for being different from the type of first reaction vessel) can be used for crossfire according to the molecular oxygen with post-reactor of the present invention.The method that causes container-average-oxygen-STR to descend in reaction vessel subsequently usefully comprises and reduces temperature, reduces oxidable compound concentration and reduce the reactive behavior (for example, reduce cobalt concentration, increase the catalytic inhibitor of water concentration and interpolation such as a small amount of ion copper) of catalyst component and the specific mixture of solvent.
Flowing, can handle oxidant stream by any means well known in the art, for example compression or decompression, cooling or heating and remove or increase the material of any amount or any type from first reaction vessel to reaction vessel subsequently.But, when the absolute pressure in the first reaction vessel top less than about 2.0 MPas, be more preferably less than about 1.6 MPas, during most preferably less than 1.2 MPas, useful especially is to adopt to reduce container-average-oxygen-STR in reaction vessel subsequently.In addition, when the absolute pressure in the first reaction vessel top and at least one subsequently the ratio of the absolute pressure in the reaction vessel top be about 0.5: 1-6: 1, more preferably be about 0.6: about 4: 1 of 1-, be most preferably 0.7: 1-2: in the time of 1, useful especially is to adopt to reduce container-average-oxygen-STR in reaction vessel subsequently.The decompression that is lower than these lower limits subsequently in the container has exceedingly reduced the availability of molecular oxygen, and it is higher with respect to the oxidant cost of using fresh supply to be higher than boosting of these upper limits.
When using the molecular oxygen of crossfire in the reaction vessel subsequently of the container with decline-average-oxygen-STR, the fresh feed logistics of oxidable compound, solvent and oxygenant can flow into subsequently in the reaction vessel and/or first reaction vessel.Flowing of the liquid phase of reaction medium and solid phase (if present) can be flowed on any direction between the reaction vessel.The all or part of gas phase of leaving first reaction vessel and entering reaction vessel subsequently can flow with Partial Liquid Phase or the solid phase (if present) from the reaction medium of first reaction vessel with mixing dividually or.The flowing of product logistics that comprises liquid phase and solid phase (if present) can taken out from reaction medium in the reaction vessel arbitrarily in this system.
Referring again to Fig. 1-2 9, In one embodiment of the present invention, oxidation bubbling column reactor 20 is with respect to conventional oxidation bubbling column reactor, have significantly higher throughput rate especially for the conventional oxidation bubbling column reactor of producing terephthalic acid.For the enhanced throughput rate is provided, must increase the size of bubbling column reactor 20.But, in the bubbling column reactor of this amplification the natural convection of reaction medium, the heterogeneous fluid flowing dynamics with respect to the flowing dynamics of less traditional reactor significantly, cumbersome ground is different.Find that some designs and operating parameters are important for the suitable functional of oxidation bubbling column reactor of the amplification of high throughput rate.
When the oxidation bubbling column reactor of a kind of embodiment bubble tower 20 according to the present invention amplification that is high throughput rate, the height of reaction medium 36 " H " is preferably at least about 30m, more preferably is to be most preferably 40-60m by about 35-70m.In the bubbling column reactor 20 that amplifies the density of reaction medium 36 and highly cause reaction medium 36 tops and reaction medium 36 bottoms between significant pressure reduction.Preferably, the pressure reduction between reaction medium 36 tops and the bottom is at least about 1bar, more preferably at least about 1.4bar, and 1.6-3bar most preferably.The maximum width of reaction medium 36 " W " is preferably at least about 2.5m, more preferably is the about 20m of about 3-, still more preferably for the about 12m of about 3.25-, is most preferably 4-10m.The H of reaction medium 36: W ratio is preferably at least about 6: 1, more preferably is about 8: about 20: 1 of 1-is most preferably 9: 1-15: 1.The cumulative volume of reaction medium 36 and/or reaction zone 28 be preferably at least about 250 cubic metres, more preferably at least about 500 cubic metres, most preferably at least 1000 cubic metres.
In the operating period of the oxidation bubbling column reactor 20 that amplifies, preferably, the time average superfacial velocity of highly locating the liquid phase of reaction medium 36 at 1/4th height, half height and/or 3/4ths is the about 5m/s of about 0.8-, more preferably for the about 3m/s of about 0.9-, is most preferably 1-2m/s.When the oxidation bubbling column reactor 20 that amplifies be applied to by partial oxidation right-during the xylene production terephthalic acid, preferably, the speed that right-dimethylbenzene is fed to reaction zone 28 is at least about 11,000kg/h, more preferably speed is about 20,000-about 100,000kg/h, be most preferably 30,000-80,000kg/h.The Production of Terephthalic Acid speed of the bubble tower 20 that amplifies is preferably at least about 400 tons/day, more preferably at least about 700 tons/day, is most preferably 750-3000 ton/sky.Other design of the oxidation bubbling column reactor 20 that amplifies and operating parameters can be equal to above at first about as described in Fig. 1-2 9 basically.
Find, can help to improve in the fluid flow dynamics, the particularly design of the oxidation bubbling column reactor of the amplification of discussing in the above of reaction medium along the horizontal cross-sectional area of the reaction zone of the Level Change bubbling column reactor of reactor.Referring now to Figure 32, In one embodiment of the present invention, the shell of tank 22 of oxidation bubbling column reactor 20 comprises wide hypomere 23, narrow epimere 25 and transition section 27.Preferably, last hypomere 23,25 is essentially cylindrical shape and aims at along common central straight vertical shaft.Transition section 27 can have many kinds of suitable shape (for example, planar horizontal form, 2: 1 elliptical shapes, semisphere etc.).Preferably, transition section 27 is for carrying out the transition to shell of tank 22 hypomere 23 leniently the common frusto-conical element of narrow epimere 25.The hypomere 23 of shell of tank 22 limits wide following reaction zone 29.The epimere 25 of shell of tank 22 limits narrow last reaction zone 31.The zone of transition that transition section 27 limits between lower and upper reaction zone 29,31.Following reaction zone 29, last reaction zone 31 and zone of transition form the total overall reaction district of the oxidation bubbling column reactor 20 that receives heterogeneous reaction medium 36 collaboratively.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, in the following reaction zone 29 the long-pending smallest cross-section area than reaction medium 36 in the last reaction zone 31 of the largest horizontal cross sectional of reaction medium 36 greatly at least about 10%.More preferably, the long-pending about 25-of minimum level cross-sectional area about 210% of the largest horizontal cross sectional of reaction medium 36 in the following reaction zone 29 than reaction medium 36 in the last reaction zone 31.Most preferably, the long-pending big 35-160% of minimum level cross-sectional area of the largest horizontal cross sectional of reaction medium 36 in the following reaction zone 29 than reaction medium 36 in the last reaction zone 31.
As shown in Figure 32, the maximum diameter " D of following reaction zone 29
1" greater than the minimum diameter " D of last reaction zone 31
u".Preferably, D
1Compare D
uGreatly at least about 5%.More preferably, D
1Compare D
uAbout 10-about 100%.Most preferably, D
1Compare D
uBig 15-50%.Figure 32 has also described time reaction zone 29 and has had maximum height " L
1", last reaction zone 31 has maximum height " L
u", zone of transition has maximum height " L
t".The height that should be pointed out that part of reaction medium 36 that is contained in down reaction zone 29 is L
1, the height that is contained in that part of reaction medium 36 in the zone of transition is L
tIn one embodiment, the height that is arranged in that part of reaction medium 36 of reaction zone 31 is L
uBut in some cases, the height of reaction medium 36 can be less than L in the last reaction zone 31
uIn other situation, the total height of reaction medium 36 can extend to that (that is, the total height of reaction medium 36 is greater than L on the top 50 of reaction zone 31
1+ L
t+ L
uSum).Preferably, the total height of reaction medium 36 be from reaction zone 31 tops 50 on or the L that measures down
u50,25 or 10% within.Preferably, the L of oxidation bubbling column reactor 20
1: L
uRatio is about 0.05: about 5: 1 of 1-, more preferably be about 0.1: about 2.5: 1 of 1-is most preferably 0.15: 1-1.5: 1.Preferably, the L of oxidation bubbling column reactor 20
1: D
1Ratio was greater than about 0.5: 1, and more preferably be about 1: about 10: 1 of 1-is most preferably 1.5: 1-8: 1.Oxidation bubbling column reactor 20 is L preferably
u: D
uRatio was greater than about 2: 1, and more preferably be about 2.5: about 20: 1 of 1-is most preferably 3: 1-15: 1.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, L
1Be at least about 2m, more preferably L
1For the about 50m of about 4-, be most preferably 6-40m.Preferably, L
uBe at least about 4m, more preferably be to be most preferably 10-60m by the about 80m of about 5-.Preferably, D
1Be at least about the about 12m of 2-, more preferably be to be most preferably 4-9m by the about 10m of about 3.1-.
Figure 32 has also described oxidation bubbling column reactor 20 and has had the disengaging section 26 that is positioned on the reaction zone 31.Break away from section 26 and limit abscission zone 30.As shown in Figure 32, abscission zone 30 has maximum height " Y " and maximum width " X ".Preferably, the X of oxidation bubbling column reactor 20: D
1Ratio is about 0.8: about 4: 1 of 1-is most preferably 1.1: 1-2: 1.Oxidation bubbling column reactor 20 is L preferably
u: Y-ratio is about 1: about 10: 1 of 1-is most preferably 2: 1-5: 1.Oxidation bubbling column reactor 20 is L preferably
1: Y-ratio is about 0.4: about 8: 1 of 1-, most preferably scope is 0.6: 1-4: 1.The transition section 27 of shell of tank 22 has the maximum diameter " D that is in close proximity to hypomere 23
1" and be in close proximity to the minimum diameter " D of epimere 25
u".Preferably, the L of oxidation bubbling column reactor 20
t: D
1Ratio is about 0.05: about 5: 1 of 1-is most preferably 0.1: 1-2: 1.
The horizontal cross-sectional area of the vertical change of the oxidation bubbling column reactor 20 shown in Figure 32 provides than being contained in down that part of reaction medium 36 in the reaction zone 31 of being contained in that part of reaction medium 36 in the reaction zone 29 has higher performance gas velocity and Geng Gao gas hold up.Preferably, in last reaction zone 31 the time average superficial gas velocity of that part of reaction medium 36 in half of the reaction medium reaction zone 29 under highly place's time average superficial gas velocity of being contained in that part of reaction medium 36 in the reaction zone 31 highly is located to be contained in than half of reaction medium in reaction zone 29 down greatly at least about 15%.More preferably, the about 25-of time average superficial gas velocity about 210% of that part of reaction medium 36 in half of the reaction medium reaction zone 29 under highly place's time average superficial gas velocity of being contained in that part of reaction medium 36 in the reaction zone 31 highly is located to be contained in than half of reaction medium in reaction zone 29 down in last reaction zone 31.Most preferably, the big 35-160% of time average superficial gas velocity of that part of reaction medium 36 in half of the reaction medium reaction zone 29 under highly place's time average superficial gas velocity of being contained in that part of reaction medium 36 in the reaction zone 31 highly is located to be contained in than half of reaction medium in reaction zone 29 down in last reaction zone 31.Preferably, be contained in the time average of that part of reaction medium 36 in the reaction zone 31 and volume averaging gas hold up than the time average that is contained in down that part of reaction medium 36 in the reaction zone 29 and volume averaging gas hold up greatly at least about 4%.More preferably, be contained in the time average of that part of reaction medium 36 in the reaction zone 31 and volume averaging gas hold up than time average that is contained in down that part of reaction medium 36 in the reaction zone 29 and the about 6-of volume averaging gas hold up about 80%.Most preferably, be contained in the time average of that part of reaction medium 36 in the reaction zone 31 and volume averaging gas hold up than time average that is contained in down that part of reaction medium 36 in the reaction zone 29 and the big 8-70% of volume averaging gas hold up.
Though Figure 32 has described very clear and definite twin-stage, the design of cylindrical side wall bubble tower, should be understood that many other designs can drop within the scope of this embodiment of the present invention.For example, the narrow epimere of this reactor and wide hypomere can be formed by the side wall sections of one or more angled side walls and/or a plurality of segmentation diameters.In a word, claim but not accompanying drawing possesses the essence of this embodiment.
As mentioned above, in some cases, can desirably adopt bigger bubbling column reactor, allow higher throughput rate for single reaction vessel thus.But along with the size of bubbling column reactor increases, the fluid flow behavior of heterogeneous reaction medium with which is changed significantly with respect to the flow behavior of less reactor.Find that contact with another upright surface by making the heterogeneous reaction medium that is contained in the bubbling column reactor, the fluid flow behavior that can hinder big bubbling column reactor changes.Therefore, Figure 33-34 has described the several method that another upright surf zone is provided in the reaction zone of the bubbling column reactor that amplifies.Every kind of bubbling column reactor described in Figure 33-34 comprises the upright inner member in one or more reaction zones that are contained in bubbling column reactor.Except the sidewall that uprightly contains pressure of reactor, these upright inner members are provided.Such as previously discussed, contained reaction medium has maximum height " H " and maximum width " W " in the bubbling column reactor.The minimum width of the reaction medium that occurs on the H/5 height is referred to herein as " Wmin ".In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the total upright surf zone of the bubbling column reactor of contact reacts medium is preferably more than about 3.25WminH, more preferably be the about 20WminH of about 3.5WminH-, still, be most preferably 5WminH-10WminH more preferably for the about 15WminH of about 4WminH-.The all zones that should total upright surf zone comprises upright surface of contact reacts medium comprises the upright surface of the various inner members that exist in the upright surface of the sidewall of reactor that contains pressure and the reaction zone.Term used herein " uprightly " expression and vertical direction are less than 45 °.Preferably, in the contact bubbling column reactor the upright surface of reaction medium within vertical 30 °, more preferably within vertical 15 °, still more preferably within vertical 5 °, most preferably vertical substantially angle is extended.
In addition preferably, contact be attributable to the non-reaction medium that contains the pressure inner member upright surf zone total amount for contact be attributable to container contain pressure sidewall reaction medium upright surf zone total amount at least about 10%.More preferably, by serve as reasons about 15-about 600% of upright surf zone of representative and the total exposure contact reacts medium of the sidewall that contains pressure of upright surf zone inner member representative and the total exposure contact reacts medium, still more preferably about 400% for about 25-, be most preferably 35-200%.Exist the upright surf zone that increases can allow H in the bubble tower oxidation: W ratio is lower with respect to the probable value in the traditional bubbling column reactor with upright surf zone seldom or that do not have increase.Thus, preferably, adopted the H of the bubbling column reactor of the upright surf zone that increases: W ratio is about 3: about 20: 1 of 1-, more preferably be about 3.5: about 15: 1 of 1-is most preferably 4: 1-12: 1.
Referring now to the embodiment shown in Figure 33 and 34, oxidation bubbling column reactor 20 can comprise the single partition wall 33 that 46 opposite side diametric(al)s are extended from sidewall 46 1 sides to sidewall.Partition wall 33 places on the atomizer 34, makes that basically all oxidant stream is introduced under partition wall 33 bottoms.Thus, only about half of reaction medium 36 gas phases (it comprises the oxidant stream of not dissolving part) upwards flow on every side of partition wall 33.Preferably, only about half of feed stream is introduced by the feed entrance 32a on partition wall 33 1 sides, and second half feed stream is introduced by the feed entrance 32b on partition wall 33 opposite sides.The height of partition wall 33 is equal to the height of cylindrical side wall 46 basically.
Referring now to the embodiment shown in Figure 35, oxidation bubbling column reactor 20 is described as comprising the partition wall 35 of brachymemma.The partition wall 35 of Figure 35 is similar to the partition wall 33 of Figure 33 and 34, and still, the highly significant of the partition wall 35 of Figure 35 is less than the total height of reaction medium 36.In the structure described in Figure 35, preferably, all feed stream and oxidant stream are introduced reaction zone 28 under partition wall 35 bottoms basically.Partition wall 35 tops preferably with the at interval enough distances of reaction medium 36 upper surfaces 44.In this structure, place on partition wall 35 either sides two halves reaction medium 36 can on the partition wall 35 and under mix mutually.
Referring now to the embodiment shown in Figure 36 and 37, oxidation bubbling column reactor 20 can comprise nonplanar partition wall 37, and it is allowed a large amount of upright surf zones is increased in the reactor 20, does not need a plurality of other inner members in the reaction zone 28.Be similar to the partition wall 33,35 of Figure 33-35, Figure 36 and 37 partition wall 37 are connected in the diametric(al) opposed inside wall surface of sidewall 46 and extend betwixt.
In the embodiment shown in Figure 38 and 39, oxidation bubbling column reactor 20 comprises the upright inner member 41 with common X-shape and structure.The outer vertical edge of inner member 41 and the internal surface of sidewall 46 separate to inside, make reaction medium 36 to flow between the part quadrant that is limited by X-shape inner member 41.The outer upright surface of the various exposures of inner member 71 has increased the surf zone of a large amount of contact reacts media 36.
Figure 40-42 has described a kind of like this embodiment, and wherein a part of reaction zone 28 is divided into 4 vertical quadrants by inner member 53, and another part reaction zone 28 is divided into 8 vertical wedge-shaped segment by inner member 55 simultaneously.As shown in Figure 40, reaction zone 28 is adopting inner member 53 to be divided into 4 vertical quadrants and is being divided between 8 vertical wedge-shaped segment by inner member 55 and vertically replaces.
Referring now to Figure 43 and 44, the vertical X-shape dividing element 63 on oxidation bubbling column reactor 20 is described as comprising a plurality of common spirrillum inner member 61a, b, c, d and is positioned at helical element 61.Helical element 61 shows the inclined outer surface that causes eddy current flow pattern in the part that upwards flows of reaction medium 36.Preferably, the vergence direction of helical element 61 makes adjacent helical element 61 form the eddy current of reaction medium 36 on relative usually direction.Thus, if helical element 61a causes reaction medium clockwise direction rotation when reaction medium 36 rises, (be located immediately on the helical element 61a) reaction medium 36 that helical element 61b causes moving upward so with counterclockwise mode eddy current in reaction zone 28.Vertical inner dividing element 93 has increased extra upright surf zone in oxidation bubbling column reactor 20, and also can play the minimized effect of the eddy current/turbulent flow that makes reaction medium 36 in gas phase when reaction medium 36 upper surfaces 44 rise.
No matter in oxidation bubbling column reactor 20, adopt which kind of structure shown in Figure 33-44, preferably, the mode of oxidant stream and feed stream introducing reaction zone 28 makes most molecular oxygens and oxidable compound introduce reaction zone 28 under the one or more upright inner members of major part.Preferably whole molecular oxygens and the oxidable compound at least about 50wt% introducing reaction zone 28 enters reaction zone 28 under the outer surface region of the upright exposure of inner member (one or more) at least 50%, more preferably under the outer surface region of the upright exposure of inner member (one or more) at least 50%, enter reaction zone 28 at least about 75wt% molecular oxygen and oxidable compound, still more preferably enter reaction zone at least about 90wt% molecular oxygen and oxidable compound under the outer surface region of the upright exposure of inner member (one or more) at least 50%, most preferably all molecular oxygen and oxidable compound enter reaction zone under the outer surface region of the upright exposure of inner member (one or more) at least 50% basically.In addition, preferably, oxidant stream and feed stream introducing mode make the gas phase of most reaction mediums 36 upwards flow on all sides of the outer surface region of the additional exposure that is provided by inner member (one or more).In addition preferably, according to above-mentioned radial and orientation distribution pattern oxygenant and feed stream are introduced reaction zone 28.
Though some prior art oxidation reactors can adopt to be similar to the heat exchange surface of the mode contact reacts medium of described inner member herein, but should be pointed out that and do not expect that inner member of the present invention offers the heating or the cooling of any significance degree of reaction medium.Thus, preferably, the heat flux on (being the contact reacts medium) upright surface of the exposure of described inner member herein is less than about 30,000 watts/square metre.
Figure 45-53 has described embodiment of the present invention, and wherein in order to promote to form the improvement oxidation of minimum impurity, oxidation bubbling column reactor 20 is equipped with the traverse baffle of one or more contact heterogeneous reaction media 36.Traverse baffle is specially adapted to the bubbling column reactor design of above-mentioned amplification.In the bubbling column reactor 20 of the band traverse baffle shown in each Figure 45-53, preferably, the port area of traverse baffle (one or more) is about 10-about 90%." the per-cent port area of traverse baffle " used herein implication is the minimum percent of horizontal cross-sectional area of the reaction zone of the upright position opening (promptly being filled by the structure of traverse baffle) at traverse baffle.More preferably, the port area of the traverse baffle shown in Figure 45-53 (one or more) is about 75% for about 25-, most preferably is 35-65%.
The notable feature of the traverse baffle shown in Figure 45-53 is the ability of traverse baffle resistive connection dirt.As previously mentioned, oxidation bubbling column reactor 20 preferably is applied to precipitate oxidation operation (service), wherein forms solid between oxidation period in reaction medium 36.Have a large amount of level of approximation upwards towards the traverse baffle of the planar surface region reactor that is easy under deposition condition, work in fouling.When the traverse baffle fouling, solid traverse baffle upwards towards the surface on assemble, and during the increase of the amount of solid when being deposited on traverse baffle on, the precipitated solid of bulk can be removed and falls to reactor bottom from traverse baffle.These solids of greatly certainly removing can be assembled in reactor bottom and can cause many problems, for example comprise that suppressing slurry discharges from reactor bottom.
In view of aforementioned content, preferably, in one embodiment, the traverse baffle (one or more) that is adopted in the oxidation bubbling column reactor 20 do not present upwards towards flat outside surface (for example, traverse baffle can be made of the tubing with circular cross section).Unless definition in addition herein, upwards towards the surface be surface with normal vector of projection on horizontal plane.In another embodiment, can utilize a small amount of substantially horizontal surface, if traverse baffle (one or more) less than about 50% whole upwards towards (being contact reacts medium 36) outer surface region of exposure be attributable to from the horizontal plane inclination less than 30 ° or 20 ° or even 10 ° flat basically surface.More preferably, traverse baffle (one or more) less than about 35% whole upwards towards the outer surface region of exposure be attributable to from horizontal plane to tilt less than 30 ° or 20 ° or even 10 ° plane surface.Most preferably, traverse baffle (one or more) less than 25% whole upwards towards the outer surface region of exposure be attributable to from horizontal plane to tilt less than 30 ° or 20 ° or even 10 ° flat basically surface.In addition preferably, traverse baffle (one or more) upwards towards the outside surface of exposure have bright and clean basically finished surface (finish) with further resistive connection dirt.Preferably, traverse baffle (one or more) at least the overwhelming majority upwards towards the surfaceness of outside surface of exposure less than about 125 microns RMS, more preferably less than about 64 microns RMS, most preferably less than 32 microns RMS.The finished surface of electronics polishing and the finished surface of bright and clean " 2B " roll are useful especially.
Except the non-fouling design of the traverse baffle (one or more) shown in Figure 45-53, preferably, the upper and lower ends of traverse baffle and reaction medium 36 has suitable spacing, and the effectiveness of optimization is provided thus.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the upper and lower ends spacing of traverse baffle (one or more) and reaction medium 36 is 0.5W and/or 0.05H at least, and wherein " W " is the maximum height of reaction medium 36 for the maximum width " H " of reaction medium 36.More preferably, the upper and lower ends spacing of traverse baffle (one or more) and reaction medium 36 is 1W and/or 0.1H at least.Most preferably, the upper and lower ends spacing of traverse baffle (one or more) and reaction medium 36 is 1.5W and/or 0.15H at least.Exist traverse baffle (one or more) can allow that possible H: W compares lower H in the reactor with similar no baffle plate in the oxidation bubbling column reactor 20: W ratio.Thus, preferably, the H of the bubbling column reactor of band traverse baffle: W ratio is about 3: about 20: 1 of 1-, more preferably be about 3.5: about 15: 1 of 1-is most preferably 4: 1-12: 1.
At length with reference to Figure 45-47, oxidation bubbling column reactor 20 is described as comprising traverse baffle 71a, b, c, the d of a plurality of perpendicular separations now.Preferably, oxidation bubbling column reactor 20 comprises the traverse baffle of 2-20 perpendicular separation, most preferably the traverse baffle of 3-8 perpendicular separation.Preferably, each traverse baffle 71 comprises a plurality of elongated individual baffle element 73.In this embodiment, each individual baffle element 73 presents the outside surface of the columniform exposure basically of contact reacts medium 36.In the embodiment shown in Figure 45-47, traverse baffle 71a, b, c, d execute commentaries on classics relative to one another, make the individual baffle element 73 of adjacent baffle 71 extend basically orthogonally.
At length with reference to Figure 48-50, alternative traverse baffle 81a, b, c, d is described as comprising a plurality of elongated individual baffle element 83 now.In this embodiment, each baffle element 83 form by the L-sectional element and present common inverted-V-shaped upwards towards the outside surface of exposure.The structure of the outside surface of the exposure of individual baffle element 83 helps the fouling of 36 precipitated solid in the prophylactic response medium.The number of angle bar baffle element 83, spacing and location can be equal to basically the cylindrical baffle element 73 that regards to Figure 45-47 described those.
At length with reference to Figure 51-53, oxidation bubbling column reactor 20 is described as comprising single whole traverse baffle 91 now, and it has two vertical taper 93a that join at its base portion that relatively extend, the shape of b usually.The exposure of whole traverse baffle 91 upwards towards the inclination of outside surface help to prevent that precipitated solid makes traverse baffle 91 foulings in the reaction medium 36.
Various baffle arrangement shown in Figure 45-53 are exemplary, and other baffle arrangement of many kinds can fall within the scope of the present invention.Should be pointed out that also the baffle arrangement shown in Figure 45-53 can be used in combination.
Though some prior art oxidation reactors can adopt the heat exchanger tube with the mode contact reacts medium that is similar to described traverse baffle (one or more) herein, but should be pointed out that and do not expect that traverse baffle of the present invention offers the heating or the cooling of any significance degree of reaction medium.Thus, preferably, the heat flux of (being the contact reacts medium) outside surface of the exposure of described traverse baffle herein is less than about 30000 watts/square metre.
Referring again to Fig. 1-53, under the condition that significantly is different from (according to preferred embodiment disclosed herein) conventional oxidation reactor, oxidation is preferably carried out in bubbling column reactor 20.When being used to carry out that right-dimethylbenzene performing liquid-phase partial oxidation is crude terephthalic acid (CTA) according to preferred embodiment bubbling column reactor 20 disclosed herein, the spatial character (profile) of local reaction intensity, local evaporation intensity and local temperature, in the association reaction medium liquid flow pattern and preferably, relative low oxidizing temperature, help to form CTA particle with uniqueness and useful performance.
Figure 54 A and 54B have described the basic CTA particle according to one embodiment of this invention preparation.Figure 54 A has shown the basic CTA particle under 500 times of magnifications, and Figure 54 B is amplifying on the basic CTA particle and showing particle under 2000 times of magnifications.Perhaps best as shown in Figure 54 B, each basic CTA particle is formed by a large amount of CTA submicron particles little, that reunite usually, gives basic CTA particle big relatively surface-area, high porosity, low density and good solubility thus.The basic common average particle size particle size scope of CTA particle is about 150 microns of about 20-, and more light choosing ground is most preferably the 40-90 micron for about 120 microns of about 30-.The common average particle size particle size scope of CTA submicron particle is about 30 microns of about 0.5-, more preferably for about 15 microns of about 1-, is most preferably the 2-5 micron.Figure 54 A can use BTaunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface-area measuring method to quantize with the relative high surface area of basic CTA particulate shown in the 54B.Preferably, the basic average BET surface-area of CTA particulate is at least about 0.6 meters squared per gram (m
2/ g).More preferably, the basic average BET surface-area of CTA particulate is the about 4m of about 0.8-
2/ g.Most preferably, the basic average BET surface-area of CTA particulate is 0.9-2m
2/ g.The basic CTA particulate physicals (for example particle size, BET surface-area, porosity and solvability) that optimization method for oxidation by the preferred embodiment of the invention forms allows by more effective and/or more economical method and comes purifying CTA particle, as following describe in further detail about Figure 57.
The average particle size particle size value that provides above adopts polarized light microscopy and image analysis to determine.The equipment that adopts in the grain size analysis comprises the NikonE800 opticmicroscope, and it has 4 * PlanFlourN.A.0.13 object lens, SpotRT
TMThe ImageProPLus of digital camera and PC operation
TMThe V4.5.0.19 image analysis software.The grain size analysis method comprises that following key step (1) is dispersed in the CTA powder in the mineral oil; (2) prepare the microslide and/or the cover plate of this dispersion; (3) use polarization microscope to detect this slide glass (cross polarization condition-particle is presented on the black background as bright target); (4) capture different photographs (size=3 * 2.25mm for each sample preparation; Pixel Dimensions=1.84 micron/pixel); (5) adopt ImageProPLus
TMSoftware carries out image analysis; (6) the particle sizing value is passed to spreadsheet; (7) in spreadsheet, add up sign." adopt ImageProPLus
TMSoftware carries out image analysis " step (5) comprise that substep is poly-: (a) set image threshold to detect the white particle on the dark background; (b) form binary picture; (c) the open wave filter of operation single-pass is to filter pixel noise; (d) all particles in the measurement image; (e) provide mean diameter for each particle sizing.ImageProPLus
TMThe mean diameter of software definition individual particle is at 2 degree at interval and the number average length of the particle diameter of measuring by the particle barycenter.The step 7 of " adding up sign in spreadsheet " comprises as the volume calculated weighted mean particle size of getting off.If adopt pi/6*di^3 to calculate in the sample each volume of n particulate when being spherical; Make each particulate volume multiply by its diameter to obtain pi/6*di^4; For all particulate pi/6*di^4 value summations in the sample; With all particulate volume summations in the sample; With weighted volumetrically particle diameter is calculated as in the sample n particle all (pi/6*di^4) sums divided by whole (pi/6*di^3) sums of the particle of n in the sample.The weighted volumetrically average particle size particle size that " average particle size particle size " used herein expression is measured according to above-mentioned testing method, and also be expressed as D (4,3).
In addition, step 7 comprises that the various marks of finding out whole volume of sample are than its little particle size.For example, D (v, 0.1) is the 10% littler and 90% than its big particle size than it of whole volume of sample; D (v, 0.5) is bigger and half is than its little particle size than it for half volume of sample; D (v, 0.9) be whole volume of sample 90% than its little particle size; Or the like.In addition, step 7 comprises calculates the numerical value that D (v, 0.9) deducts D (v, 0.1), and it is defined as " particle size distribution (spread) " in this article; And step 7 comprises the numerical value of count particles distribution of sizes divided by D (4,3), and it is defined as " particle size distributes relatively " in this article.
In addition, preferably, CTA particulate D (v, the 0.1) scope of last planar survey is about 65 microns of about 5-, more preferably for about 55 microns of about 15-, is most preferably the 25-45 micron.Preferably, CTA particulate D (v, the 0.5) scope of last planar survey is about 90 microns of about 10-, more preferably for about 80 microns of about 20-, is most preferably the 30-70 micron.Preferably, CTA particulate D (v, the 0.9) scope of last planar survey is about 150 microns of about 30-, more preferably for about 130 microns of about 40-, is most preferably the 50-110 micron.Preferably, the relative distribution range of particle size is about 2.0 for about 0.5-, more preferably is that about 0.6-is about 1.5, is most preferably 0.7-1.3.
Go up the BET surface area values that measurement provides above at Micromeritics ASAP 2000 (can be from Norcross, the MicromeriticsInstrument Corporation of GA obtains).In the first step of this measuring method, weighing 2-4g particle sample and with its under vacuum 50 ℃ of dryings.Subsequently sample is placed on analytical gas manifold (manifold) and goes up and be cooled to 77 ° of K.Descend by nitrogen and the measuring stress that makes sample be exposed to known volume, under minimum 5 equilibrium pressures, measure the nitrogen adsorption isothermal line.Equilibrium pressure scope approx is
P/P
0=0.01-0.20, wherein P is equilibrium pressure and P
0It is the vapour pressure of liquid nitrogen under 77 ° of K.The thermoisopleth that obtains according to following BET equation draws subsequently:
Wherein, V
aFor sample under the P value, the gas volume of sample absorption, V
mFor usefulness individual layer gas covers the required gas volume of sample all surfaces, and C is a constant.From this figure, measure V
mAnd C.Use the cross-sectional area of nitrogen under 77 ° of K with V by following equation subsequently
mBe converted to surface-area:
Wherein, σ is the cross-sectional area of nitrogen under 77 ° of K, and T is 77 ° of K, and R is a gas law constant.
That is as above mentioned is such, and the CTA that forms according to one embodiment of this invention shows with respect to the more excellent solubility property of conventional CTA that makes by other method.This enhanced dissolution rate can make CTA of the present invention by more efficiently and/or more effective purification process come purifying.The mode that wherein can quantize the CTA dissolution rate is absorbed in following description.
In stirred mixture, the speed that the known quantity solid is dissolved in the known quantity solvent can be measured by the scheme of making preparations for sowing.Such as used herein, the measuring method that is called " regularly dissolving test " is defined as follows.In whole timing dissolving test, use the environmental stress of about 0.1 MPa.The envrionment temperature of using in the whole timing dissolving test is about 22 ℃.In addition, solid, solvent and all dissolution equipment before beginning test under this temperature balance on thermodynamics fully, and during the dissolution time section, do not have the heating or the cooling of appreciable beaker or its inclusion.Tetrahydrofuran (THF) fresh, the HPLC AG (purity＞99.9%) (the being called THF down) solvent that is measured as 250g is partly placed 400 milliliters of glass beakers of the high shape of KIMAX (Kimble part number 14020 of cleaning, Kimble/Kontes, Vineland, NJ) in, it is uninsulated, sliding limit, and is generally cylindrical.With apply Teflon magnetic stirring bar (VWR part number 58948-230,3/8 inch of about 1 inch long, diameter, octagonal cross-section, VWMInternational, WestChester PA19380) places beaker, wherein it sinks to the bottom naturally.Use Variomag multiple spot 15 magnetic stirring apparatus (H﹠amp; PLabortechnikAG, Oberschleissheim Germany) stirs this sample under 800 rev/mins setting.This is stirred in to add and is no more than beginning in 5 minutes before the solid and continues stably to carry out at least 30 minutes after adding solid.Weighing amounts to 250 milligrams rough or purifying TPA particulate solid sample in noncohesive sample weighing pan.When time of origin is appointed as t=0, the solid strike of weighing is gone among the THF of stirring, and start timer simultaneously.Suitably carry out wetting very apace solid of THF and dilution, the well-stirred slurry of formation within 5 seconds.Subsequently, obtain the sample of this mixture in the following time (from t=0, by a minute measurement): 0.08,0.25,0.50,0.75,1.00,1.50,2.00,2.50,3.00,4.00,5.00,6.00,8.00,10.00,15.00 and 30.00.Use new, disposable syringe (Becton, DickinsonandCo, 5 microlitres, REF30163, FranklinLakes NJ07417) takes out each small sample from mixture this dilution, well-stirred.In case after from beaker, taking out, with about 2 milliliters of limpid liquid samples by new, untapped syringe filter (25mm diameter, 0.45 micron, Gelman GHP Acrodisc GF , PallCorporation, East Hills, NY 11548) be discharged to apace in the glass specimen bottle new, mark.The time length that each syringe is filled, strainer is placed and be discharged to sample plasma bottle is rightly less than about 5 seconds, and this is suitably beginning and finishing within about 3 seconds of the either side of each target sample time at interval.Within about 5 minutes of each filling, with sample plasma bottle block and remain under about constant temp, up to carrying out following chemical analysis.30 minutes time obtains after the last sample after t=0, and employing HPLC-DAD method of other local general description within the disclosure content is analyzed the amount of the dissolving TPA of whole 16 samples.But in present test, the result of calibration criterion and report is all based on every TPA milligram number (hereinafter being called " ppm among the THF ") that restrains the THF dissolution with solvents.For example, if if whole 250 milligrams of solids for very pure TPA and before obtaining particular sample this whole amounts be dissolved in fully in the THF solvent of 250g, so accurately the concentration of measurement will be about 1000ppm among the THF.
When CTA according to the present invention carries out above-mentioned timing dissolving test, preferably, t=0 after the sample dissolution of acquisition in 1 minute in the THF concentration at least about 500ppm, and 600ppm at least among the THF more preferably.For the sample that after t=0, obtained in 2 minutes, preferably, will be dissolved among the THF concentration at least about 700ppm, more preferably 750ppm at least among the THF according to CTA of the present invention.For the sample that obtained in 4 minutes after t=0, preferably, CTA will be dissolved among the THF concentration at least about 840ppm according to the present invention, more preferably 880ppm at least among the THF.
The inventor finds that simple relatively negative exponent formula model of growth is applicable to the time-dependent manner of description from all data group of whole timing dissolving tests, although particle sample and dissolution process are complicated.The form of equation hereinafter referred to as " is regularly dissolved model ", and is as follows:
S=A+B* (1-exp (C*t)), wherein
T=is minute being the time of unit;
S=solubleness, unit is ppm among the THF, when time t;
Exp=is based on the exponential function of 2 natural logarithm;
A, B=is the regression constant of unit with ppm among the THF, wherein A is chiefly directed to the utmost point more short grained quick dissolving during the short period of time, and wherein the A+B sum relates generally near the dissolved total amount of fc-specific test FC cycle end points; With C=be the regression time constant of unit to divide oblique inverse.
Regulate regression constant so that square sum of the error between actual data point and the respective mode offset minimizes, this method is commonly referred to " least squares " match.Be used to carry out the regressive optimization software bag of these data and be JMP Release 5.1.2 (SAS InstituteInc., JMP Software, SAS Campus Drive, Cary, NC27513).
When CTA according to the present invention adopted regularly dissolving to test and fit to above-mentioned timing to dissolve model, preferably, the time constant of CTA " C " was greater than about 0.5min
-1, more preferably greater than about 0.6min
-1, and most preferably greater than 0.7min
-1Figure 55 A and 55B have described the conventional CTA particle that makes by conventional high-temperature oxidation method in continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) (CSTR).Figure 55 A has shown the conventional CTA particle under 500 times of amplifications, and Figure 55 B amplifies and shown CTA particle under 2000 times of amplifications.Conventional CTA particulate visual comparison shown in CTA particle of the present invention shown in Figure 54 A and the 54B and Figure 55 A and the 55B shows, conventional CTA particle has higher density, lower surface-area, lower porosity and bigger particle size with respect to CTA particle of the present invention.In fact, the average particle size particle size of the conventional CTA shown in Figure 55 A and the 55B is that about 205 microns and BET surface-area are about 0.57m
2/ g.
Figure 56 has described the ordinary method of the terephthalic acid (PTA) that is used to prepare purifying.In this routine PTA method, in mechanical stirring high temperature oxidation reactor 700 partial oxidation right-dimethylbenzene.Taking-up comprises the slurry of CTA also subsequently with its purifying in purification system 702 from reactor 700.The PTA product of purification system 702 is introduced separation system 706 to separate and dry PTA particle.Purification system 702 is represented major part and is prepared the cost that the PTA particle is associated by traditional method.Purification system 702 generally includes and adds independently crystallisation vessel 704a of water/exchange system 708, dissolution system 710, hydrogenation system 712 and three, b, c.In Jia Shui/exchange system 708, the mother liquor of the water displacement overwhelming majority.Add after the water, water/CTA slurry is introduced in the dissolution system 710, wherein add hot water/CTA mixture and be dissolved in water fully up to the CTA particle.After the CTA dissolving, make aqueous solution hydrogenation in hydrogenation system 712 of CTA.Subsequently the hydrogenation effluent in the hydrogenation system 712 is carried out three crystallisation steps in crystallisation vessel 704a, b, c, in separation system 706, separate PTA subsequently.
Figure 57 has described and has adopted the bubble column oxidation reactor 800 of constructing according to an embodiment of the present invention to produce improving one's methods of PTA.From reactor 800, take out the initial slurry that comprises solid CTA particle and liquid mother liquor.Usually, this initial slurry can contain the solid CTA particle of the about 50wt% of 10-that has an appointment, and surplus is a liquid mother liquor.The solid CTA particle that exists in the initial slurry typically contains 4-carboxyl benzaldehyde (4-CBA) at least about 400ppmw, more typically is at least about the 4-CBA of 800ppmw and typically be the 4-CBA of 1000-15000ppmw most.The initial slurry that will take out from reactor 800 is introduced purification system 802 to reduce the 4-CBA that exists among the CTA and the concentration of other impurity.From purification system 802, make the slurry of purer/purifying and it separated and dry in separation system 804, make thus comprise less than about 400ppmw4-CBA, more preferably less than the 4-CBA of about 250ppmw, be most preferably the purer solid terephthalic acid particle of the 4-CBA of 10-200ppmw.
The purification system 802 of the PTA production system shown in Figure 57 provides the advantage of the purification system 802 of prior art systems shown in many Figure 56 of being better than.Preferably, purification system 802 generally includes fluid exchange system 806, pulp digester (digester) 808 and single crystallizer 810.In fluid exchange system 806, with replacing of existing in the initial slurry, provide the slurry of the exchange of solvent that comprises CTA particle and replacement solvent thus at least about the 50wt% mother liquor with fresh replacement solvent.The slurry that leaves the exchange of solvent of fluid exchange system 806 is introduced in the pulp digester (perhaps secondary oxidative reactor) 808.In pulp digester 808, in being higher than the initial/primary oxidation reactor that in bubbling column reactor 800, carries out a little, carry out the secondary oxidative reaction under the temperature of used temperature.As discussed above such, it is obtainable that the impurity that CTA particulate high surface area, low particle size and the low density that generates in the reactor 800 causes carrying secretly in the number of C TA particle becomes for the oxidizing reaction in the pulp digester 808, and need not dissolve the CTA particle fully in pulp digester 808.Thus, the temperature in the pulp digester 808 can be lower than multiple similar art methods.The secondary oxidative of carrying out in the pulp digester 808 be preferably such that among the CTA 4-CBA concentration reduced at least 200ppmw, more preferably at least about 400ppmw, be most preferably 600-6000ppmw.Preferably, the secondary oxidative temperature is higher than in the bubbling column reactor 800 primary oxidation temperature at least about 10 ℃ in the pulp digester 808, more preferably be higher than in the reactor 800 about 80 ℃ of the about 20-of primary oxidation temperature, and most preferably be higher than in the reactor 800 primary oxidation temperature 30-50 ℃.The secondary oxidative temperature is preferably about about 240 ℃ of 160-, more preferably for about 220 ℃ of about 180-, is most preferably 190-210 ℃.Before in separation system 804, separating, from the purified product of pulp digester 808 only need be in crystallizer 810 single crystallisation step.Suitable secondary oxidative/boiling technology discusses in more detail in U.S. Patent Application Publication document No.2005/0065373, and its whole disclosures are hereby incorporated by.
The terephthalic acid (for example PTA) that makes by system shown in Figure 57 preferably by average particle size particle size at least about 40 microns, more preferably form for about 2000 microns of about 50-, the PTA particle that is most preferably the 60-200 micron.The average BET surface-area of this PTA particulate is preferably less than about 0.25m
2/ g more preferably is the about 0.2m of about 0.005-
2/ g is most preferably 0.01-0.18m
2/ g.The PTA that is made by system shown in Figure 57 is applicable to as the raw material for preparing PET.Usually, the esterification of PET by terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol, prepare with aftercondensated.Preferably, the terephthalic acid that makes by embodiment of the present invention is used as u.s. patent application serial number No.10/013, the charging of the described tubular reactor PET method of 318 (2001.12.7 submissions), and whole disclosures of the document are hereby incorporated by.
CTA particle with the preferred configuration described in the present invention is specially adapted to the above-mentioned oxidative digestion technology that is used to reduce 4-CBA content.In addition, these preferred CTA particles provide advantage in a large amount of other subsequent processes that comprise particulate dissolving and/or chemical reaction.These extra subsequent process comprise, but also are not limited to, with the compound reaction of at least a hydroxyl to form ester cpds, particularly CTA and methyl alcohol reaction formation dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) and impurity ester; React to form ester monomer and/or polymer compound, particularly CTA and glycol reaction with at least a glycol to form polyethylene terephthalate (PET); Comprise but also be not the solvent that is defined in water, acetate and N-N-methyl-2-2-pyrrolidone N-with all or part of being dissolved in, it can comprise further processing, comprises but also is not that to be defined in the reduction of the how pure terephthalic acid of redeposition and/or selective chemical be not the carbonyl of hydroxy-acid group.Comprise that especially CTA fully is dissolved in the solvent that comprises water, in conjunction with the partial hydrogenation of the amount that reduces aldehyde, particularly 4-CBA, Fluorenone, benzophenone and/or anthraquinone.
The present inventor also considers, CTA particle with preferred properties disclosed herein can be made by the CTA particle that does not meet preferred properties disclosed herein (incongruent CTA particle), by comprising but also be not to be defined in the incongruent CTA particle of mechanical disintegration and to dissolve incongruent CTA particle wholly or in part, redeposition wholly or in part subsequently.
According to a kind of embodiment of the present invention, provide the method that to be used for oxidable aromatic substance partial oxidation be a class or multiclass aromatic carboxylic acid, wherein within the oxidable compound of the purity of charging solvent part (i.e. " solvent feed ") and charging some scopes that partly control of purity of (i.e. " oxidable compound feeding ") is stipulated below.With other embodiment of the present invention, its can make reaction medium liquid phase and, if exist, the control of purity of solid phase and mixed slurry (that is solid+liquid) phase is within more following preferable range.
About solvent feed, be well known that the oxidable aromatic substance of oxidation to produce the aromatic carboxylic acid, the solvent feed of wherein introducing reaction medium is the mixture of analytical pure acetate and water, as usually adopting in laboratory scale and the pilot scale.Equally, be well known that, the oxidation of carrying out oxidable aromatic substance is wherein isolated the solvent that leaves reaction medium and is returned in the reaction medium main reason for manufacturing cost subsequently as the charging solvent cycle to generate the aromatic carboxylic acid from the aromatic carboxylic acid who makes.This solvent cycle causes some feed impurities and process byproducts to accumulate through the time in the round-robin solvent.Known the whole bag of tricks is helped the solvent of purification cycle in this area before introducing reaction medium once more.Usually, the higher degree purifying of circulating solvent causes with respect to the remarkable higher manufacturing cost of being undertaken by similar approach than the low degree purifying.A kind of embodiment of the present invention relates to the preferable range of understanding and limiting a large amount of impurity among the solvent feed, and many being considered to so far wherein mainly is favourable, found the optimum balance between whole manufacturing cost and whole product purity thus.
" round-robin solvent feed " is defined as in this article and comprises the solvent feed of the material of the reaction medium by containing one or more oxidable aromatic substance of having carried out partial oxidation formerly at least about 5wt%.Reason for solvent stock and production time in the manufacturing cell, preferably, each operation day of part round-robin solvent by reaction medium at least once, more preferably at least seven every days operate continuously day at least once, and most preferably at least 30 every days operate continuously day at least once.For economic reasons, preferably, be the round-robin solvent at least about the solvent feed of 20wt% reaction medium of the present invention, more preferably at least about 40wt%, still more preferably at least about 80wt%, and 90wt% at least most preferably.
It has been observed by the present inventors that for the reason of reactive behavior with for the consideration of the metallicity impurity that stays in the oxidation products, the concentration of selected polyvalent metal is preferably the scope of stipulating below among the round-robin solvent feed.The concentration of iron is preferably lower than about 150ppmw, more preferably is lower than about 40ppmw and be most preferably 0-8ppmw in the circulating solvent.The concentration of nickel is preferably lower than about 150ppmw, more preferably is lower than about 40ppmw and be most preferably 0-8ppmw in the circulating solvent.The concentration of chromium is preferably lower than about 150ppmw, more preferably is lower than about 40ppmw and be most preferably 0-8ppmw in the circulating solvent.The concentration of molybdenum is preferably lower than about 75ppmw, more preferably is lower than about 20ppmw and be most preferably 0-4ppmw in the circulating solvent.The concentration of titanium is preferably lower than about 75ppmw, more preferably is lower than about 20ppmw and be most preferably 0-4ppmw in the circulating solvent.The concentration of copper is preferably lower than about 20ppmw, more preferably is lower than about 4ppmw and be most preferably 0-1ppmw in the circulating solvent.Also there is other metallicity impurity in the circulating solvent usually, on the lower level that becomes ratio with one or more above-mentioned metals, changes usually.Controlling above-mentioned metal will keep other metallicity impurity in proper level in preferred range.
These metals can come from the impurity in the process feeds that enters arbitrarily (in oxidable compound, solvent, oxygenant and the catalyst compound that for example enters).Alternatively, this metal can come from the contact reacts medium and/or the contact circulating solvent any technique unit in corrosion product.Be used to control the purity and the suitable building material that uses that the method for metal within disclosed concentration range comprises suitable regulation and monitor various chargings, comprise, but be not to be defined in, the titanium of many kinds of business level and stainless steel comprise being known as duplex stainless steel and stainless those grades of high molybdenum.
The present inventor has also found the preferable range of selected aromatic substance in the circulating solvent.These comprise sedimentary and dissolved aromatic substance among the circulating solvent.
Unexpected ground, in addition from partial oxidation right-precipitated product (for example TPA) of dimethylbenzene also is a pollutent to be controlled in the circulating solvent.Owing to there is astonishing preferable range for solid level among the reaction medium, thus in the solvent feed arbitrarily precipitated product directly from the amount of the oxidable compound of charging jointly, deduct.In addition, find, precipitation TPA solid in high-level feed cycle solvent influences the particulate characteristic that forms among the precipitation oxidizing medium unfriendly, cause downstream process (for example, the oxidative digestion of product filtration, solvent wash, raw product, dissolving raw product are used for further processing, or the like) in desired characteristics not.In the circulating solvent charging precipitated solid another not desired characteristics be that with respect to the impurity concentration in the solid body within therefrom obtaining the TPA slurry of a large amount of circulating solvents, these often contain the precipitated impurities of high level.Possibly, the high-level impurity of finding in the solid in being suspended in circulation filtrate may be relevant with the cooling of sedimentary nucleation time and/or circulating solvent from circulating solvent of some impurity, no matter deliberate or because environmental loss.For example, with respect to the concentration of under 160 ℃, from circulating solvent, finding in the isolating TPA solid, found in the solid that under 80 ℃, in circulating solvent, exists high colour developing and do not expect 2, the concentration of 6-dicarboxyl Fluorenone is in significantly higher level.Similarly, with respect to the level of finding in the TPA solid from reaction medium, found the concentration of remarkable higher levels of m-phthalic acid in the solid that in circulating solvent, exists.Definitely, when being incorporated into reaction medium once more, how the specific precipitated impurities of carrying secretly among the circulating solvent shows looks in variation.This point may depend on the relative solvability of impurity within the liquid phase of reaction medium, may depend on how layering and may depend on the sedimentary local speed of position TPA that solid enters reaction medium at first once more within precipitated solid of precipitated impurities.Thus, the level that it has been observed by the present inventors that some impurity in the Control Circulation solvent is useful, and is as described below, no matter these impurity are to be present in the circulating solvent or the particle for wherein carrying secretly with solubilized form.
The amount of the precipitated solid that exists in the circulation filtrate is determined by following weighting method.Take out representative sample from the solvent of reaction medium is supplied with, this moment, solvent flowed in the conduit of orientating reaction medium.Useful sample size is to have the about 100g that captures in the Glass Containers of about 250 milliliters of internal volumes.Before being discharged into normal atmosphere, but flow to sample receiver continuously this moment, round-robin filtrate is cooled to be lower than 100 ℃; This cooling be for be limited in hermetically closing in Glass Containers before the solvent evaporation of short interim.Under atmospheric pressure capture after the sample, with Glass Containers hermetically closing immediately.Make sample be cooled to about 20 ℃ subsequently, under about 20 ℃, surround simultaneously and do not have a forced convection by atmosphere.Reaching after about 20 ℃, this sample was remained under this condition at least about 2 hours.Subsequently, with the sealed vessel thermal agitation up to obtaining visually equally distributed solid.Afterwards, at once magnetic stirring bar is added in the sample receiver and keeps effectively rotating under the equally distributed solid speed being enough to.Take out by pipette and to have 10 ml aliquots sample mixed liquid of suspended solids and weigh.Subsequently, from this five equilibrium sample, separate the liquid phase body, still descend and do not lose effectively solid at about 20 ℃ by vacuum filtration.The moist solids drying that will filter out from this five equilibrium sample does not make the solid distillation effectively subsequently, and these exsiccant solids of weighing.The weight of drying solid is solid fraction with the ratio of the weight of original aliquots containig slurry, is typically expressed as percentage ratio and is expressed as the content of 20 ℃ of following circulation filtrate precipitated solid in this article.
It has been observed by the present inventors that, be dissolved in the reaction medium liquid phase and the aromatic substance that comprises the aromatic carboxylic acid that lacks non-aromatic hydrocarbyl (for example m-phthalic acid, phenylformic acid, phthalic acid, 2,5,4 '-three carboxyl biphenyl) be deleterious unexpectedly component.Though it is a lot of that these compounds reduce with respect to the chemical reactivity in the goal response medium of the oxidable compound with non-aromatic hydrocarbyl, it has been observed by the present inventors that these compounds still carry out a large amount of deleterious reactions.Thus, useful is that the content of these compounds in the liquid phase of control reaction medium is within preferable range.This point causes the preferable range of selected precursor in the preferable range of selected compounds in the circulating solvent charging and the oxidable aromatic substance charging.
For example, at right-dimethylbenzene performing liquid-phase partial oxidation is in the terephthalic acid (TPA), it has been observed by the present inventors that, when-aromatic substance that replaces is when content is extremely low in reaction medium, can not detect impurity 2 high colour developing and that do not expect in reaction medium and product discharging place in fact, 7-dicarboxyl Fluorenone (2,7-DCF).It has been observed by the present inventors that, when the m-phthalic acid impurity of content is increased in existence in the solvent feed, 2, the formation of 7-DCF is with almost direct ratio rising.The present inventor also finds, between right-dimethylbenzene charging exists-during dimethylbenzene impurity, and 2, the formation of 7-DCF is risen with direct ratio almost once more.In addition, between even solvent feed and oxidable compound feeding lack-aromatic substance that replaces, it has been observed by the present inventors that, formed some m-phthalic acids between oxidation period at the canonical dissection of very pure right-dimethylbenzene, particularly when having phenylformic acid in the reaction medium liquid phase.This m-phthalic acid that self forms may, bigger owing to it with respect to TPA solvability in the solvent that comprises acetate and water, in the commercial unit that adopts circulating solvent in time passing and assemble.Thus, in the solvent feed in the amount of m-phthalic acid, the oxidable aromatic substance charging between-speed that the amount of dimethylbenzene and the m-phthalic acid in the reaction medium self generate to suitably consider all to each other balance and with any molecular balance that consumes m-phthalic acid.Find m-phthalic acid except forming 2, also carried out extra expendable reaction outside the 7-DCF, as described below.In addition, it has been observed by the present inventors that, when at right-dimethylbenzene partial oxidation be set among the TPA proper range between-exist other problem to consider during the aromatic substances that replaces.(as 2,6-dicarboxylic acid Fluorenone (2,6-DCF)) shows that mainly the aromatic substances with dissolved, right-replacement is relevant to other height impurity colour developing and that do not expect, and this material often exists with the right-dimethylbenzene charging of liquid-phase oxidation.Thus, the generation level of other colour developing impurity of best incorporated considers 2, the inhibition of 7-DCF.
For example, be among the TPA at right-dimethylbenzene performing liquid-phase partial oxidation, it has been observed by the present inventors that the formation of trimellitic acid raises along with m-phthalic acid within the reaction medium and O-phthalic acid content and rises.Trimellitic acid is the trifunctional carboxylic acids that causes by polymer chain branching during the TPA production PET.In many kinds of PET application, must control the degree of branching to low-level, and trimellitic acid arrives among the TPA of therefore necessary control purifying low-level.Except causing trimellitic acid, in the reaction medium between-existence of material that replace and neighbour-replacement also causes generating other tricarboxylic acid (for example 1,3,5-three carboxyl benzene).In addition, there is the formation amount that has increased tetracarboxylic acid (for example 1,2,4,5-tetracarboxylic benzene) in tricarboxylic increase in the reaction medium.The ultimate production that control has whole aromatic carboxylic acids of two above hydroxy-acid groups set in the circulating solvent charging, in the oxidable compound feeding and according between in the reaction medium of the present invention-a kind of factor of the preferred levels of material that replace and neighbour-replacement.
For example, be among the TPA at right-dimethylbenzene performing liquid-phase partial oxidation, it has been observed by the present inventors that several content increases that lack the dissolved aromatic carboxylic acid of non-aromatic hydrocarbyl directly cause the output of carbon monoxide and carbonic acid gas to increase in the reaction medium liquid phase.The two loss of yield of oxygenant and oxidable compound is represented in the increase of this oxycarbide output, and the latter is because the common aromatic carboxylic acid who generates of many kinds, and it can regard impurity as on the one hand, also has commercial value on the other hand.Thus, from circulating solvent, suitably remove the relatively soluble carboxylic acid economically valuable aspect the loss of yield that prevents oxidable aromatic substance and oxygenant that lacks non-aromatic hydrocarbyl, also suppressed the impurity do not expected very much such as the generation of various Fluorenone and trimellitic acid in addition.
For example, be among the TPA at right-dimethylbenzene performing liquid-phase partial oxidation, it has been observed by the present inventors that as if the formation of 2,5,4 '-three carboxyl biphenyl inevitable.2,5,4 '-three carboxyl biphenyl are the aromatic tricarboxylic acid who is formed by two aromatic ring couplings, may be right-aromatic substances and the aryl coupling that replace by dissolved, and this aryl may be the aryl that is formed by the decarboxylation of right-replacement aromatic substances or decarbonylation.Fortunately, 2,5,4 '-three carboxyl biphenyl are generating under the level lower with respect to trimellitic acid and can not cause the difficulty relevant with polymer molecule branching significantly to increase during production PET usually usually.But, it has been observed by the present inventors that, according to the preferred embodiments of the invention, in the reaction medium that comprises the alkylaromatic hydrocarbon oxidation content of 2,5,4 '-three carboxyl biphenyl raise cause high colour developing and do not expect 2, the content of 6-DCF raises.2 of increase, 6-DCF may be by 2,5, and 4 '-three carboxyl biphenyl form by the closed loop and the son that dries out, but definite reaction mechanism and uncertain.If it is too high that 2,5,4 '-three carboxyl biphenyl (it more dissolves in the solvent that comprises acetate and water with respect to TPA) are assembled within circulating solvent, 2, the conversion rate of 6-DCF may become unacceptably big.
For example, be among the TPA at right-dimethylbenzene performing liquid-phase partial oxidation, it has been observed by the present inventors that when being present in the liquid phase with enough concentration, the aromatic carboxylic acid's (for example m-phthalic acid) who lacks non-aromatic hydrocarbyl causes the chemically reactive slight inhibition of reaction medium usually.
For example, be among the TPA at right-dimethylbenzene performing liquid-phase partial oxidation, it has been observed by the present inventors that precipitation often is nonideal (promptly nonequilibrium) the relative concentration of different chemical material in solid phase and liquid phase.May, this be because when preferred empty in this article under the speed of reaction settling rate be exceedingly fast, cause unfavorable impurity coprecipitation, perhaps even block.Thus, some impurity among the rough TPA of expectation restriction (when trimellitic acid and 2 for example, 6-DCF) concentration because the structure of downstream unit operations, preferably control in the solvent feed they concentration and reaction medium in their generating rate.
For example, it has been observed by the present inventors that, the benzophenone cpd that during right-dimethylbenzene partial oxidation, generates (for example 4,4 '-Ji benzophenone and 2,5,4 '-three carboxyl benzophenone) in the PET reaction medium, has the influence of not expecting, even benzophenone cpd is not so good as Fluorenone in essence and fears the so high colour developing of quinone in TPA.Therefore, desirably in circulating solvent and oxidable compound feeding, limit the existence and the selection precursor of benzophenone.In addition, it has been observed by the present inventors that no matter high-level benzoic existence is contained in the circulating solvent or is formed in the reaction medium, all causes 4, the generating rate of 4 '-benzophenonedicarboxylic acid raises.
Recall, it has been observed by the present inventors that and quantized unexpected big batch reaction fully about at right-dimethylbenzene performing liquid-phase partial oxidation being the aromatic substance that lacks non-aromatic hydrocarbyl that exists among the TPA.It is the benzoic single situation of recapitulaion, it has been observed by the present inventors that, the phenylformic acid level raises and causes the generation of high colour developing and 9-Fluorenone-2-carboxylic acid of not expecting to increase greatly in the reaction medium of some embodiments of the present invention, cause 4, the level of 4 '-dicarboxylate biphenyl increases greatly, causes 4, and the level of 4 '-benzophenonedicarboxylic acid increases, cause the chemical reactivity of the oxidation of right-dimethylbenzene expectation to be suppressed a little and cause the level of oxycarbide to raise and incidental loss of yield.It has been observed by the present inventors that the output increase that the phenylformic acid level raises and also causes m-phthalic acid and phthalic acid in the reaction medium desirably is controlled in the low scope according to its level of similar aspect of the present invention.Relate to the quantity and the importance possibility even more unexpected of benzoic reaction, use phenylformic acid to replace the main ingredient (for example referring to US6,562,997) of acetate as solvent because some nearest inventors expect.In addition, it has been observed by the present inventors that, at phenylformic acid during right-dimethylbenzene oxidation to generate with respect to its significantly important speed oneself that forms by impurity (for example usually comprising toluene and the ethylbenzene found in the oxidable compound feeding of right-dimethylbenzene of commercial purity).
On the other hand, it has been observed by the present inventors that with regard to the existence of oxidable aromatic substance and made peace with regard to the aromatics reaction intermediate (the two all keeps non-aromatic hydrocarbyl and also dissolves in circulating solvent relatively) that the extra control that circulating solvent is formed has very little value.As a rule, these compounds are fed to or are formed among the reaction medium to be present in speed in circulating solvent greater than them basically; And the wear rate of these compounds is enough big among the reaction medium, keeps one or more non-aromatic hydrocarbyls, suitably to limit their gatherings among circulating solvent.For example, during the partial oxidation of the right-dimethylbenzene in the heterogeneous reaction medium, right-dimethylbenzene is evaporated to limited degree with a large amount of solvents.When the solvent of this evaporation leaves reactor and condensation and reclaims as circulating solvent as a part of waste gas, the also condensations therein of right-dimethylbenzene of overwhelming majority evaporation.In the unnecessary restriction circulating solvent this right-concentration of dimethylbenzene.For example, if leave-separate during dimethylbenzene oxidation reaction medium solvent from solid at slurry, the dissolved that this recovered solvent contains is right-and the concentration of toluic acid is similar to the concentration in the site of removing from reaction medium.Though the static concentration of right-toluic acid among the limited reactions medium liquid phase importantly, referring to following, but formation with respect to right among the reaction medium-toluic acid, since its relative good solubility and low mass velocity, the right-toluic acid in unnecessary this part circulating solvent of independent adjusting.Similarly, it has been observed by the present inventors that the concentration of the bromo aromatic substance that almost has no reason to limit aromatic substance (for example toluic acid), the aromatic aldehyde (for example terephthalaldehyde) with methyl substituents, the aromatic substance (for example 4-hydroxymethyl-benzoic acid) with hydroxyl-methyl substituents and contain at least one non-aromatic hydrocarbyl (for example α-bromo-right-toluic acid) in circulating solvent is lower than the concentration of intrinsic existence in the liquid phase of leaving the dimethylbenzene partial oxidation from reaction medium (taking place according to the preferred embodiment of the invention).Unexpected ground, the present inventor also finds, in the also unnecessary adjusting circulating solvent during the dimethylbenzene partial oxidation concentration of the selected phenol of intrinsic generation because these compounds form among reaction medium and destroy to be much higher than their speed that exists in circulating solvent.For example, it has been observed by the present inventors that, when with every 1kg right-when dimethylbenzene surpasses the common charging of speed of 2g 4-hydroxy-benzoic acid, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the 4-hydroxy-benzoic acid influences chemical reactivity relatively less, described feeding rate is much higher than existing naturally in the circulating solvent, although other people have been reported as and have mainly contained pest (for example referring to W.Partenheimer in the similar reaction medium
CatalysisToday23 (1995) the 81st pages).
Thus, in setting present disclosed solvent feed, there are multiple reaction and multiple consideration in the preferable range of various aromatic impurities.These find according to during the setting-up time section, preferred 1 day, more preferably 1 hour and the overall weight average that most preferably was fed to whole solvent streams of reaction medium in 1 minute are formed and are stated.For example, if a kind of solvent feed of the composition with 40ppmw m-phthalic acid flows basically continuously with the flow velocity of 7kg/min, second solvent feed with composition of 2000ppmw m-phthalic acid flows basically continuously with the flow velocity of 10kg/min, and do not have other solvent feed stream that enters reaction medium, the overall weight average composition of solvent feed is calculated as (40*7+2000*10)/(7+10)=1193ppmw m-phthalic acid so.It should be noted that and entering before the reaction medium and may when the overall weight average that calculates solvent feed is formed, not consider with the weight of various oxidable compound feedings of solvent feed blended or various oxidant feed.
Below table 1 listed the preferred value of some components in the solvent feed of introducing reaction medium.Solvent feed component listed in the table 1 is as follows: 4-carboxyl benzaldehyde (4-CBA), 4,4 '-dicarboxyl Stilbene (4,4 '-DCS), 2,6-dicarboxyl anthraquinone (2,6-DCA), 2,6-dicarboxyl Fluorenone (2,6-DCF), 2,7-dicarboxyl Fluorenone (2,7-DCF), 3,5-dicarboxyl Fluorenone (3,5-DCF), 9-Fluorenone-2-carboxylic acid (9F-2CA), 9-Fluorenone-4-carboxylic acid (9F-4CA), the whole Fluorenones (all Fluorenones) that comprise other Fluorenone of not listing separately, 4,4 '-dicarboxylic acid biphenyl (4,4 '-DCB), 2,5,4 '-three carboxyl biphenyl (2,5,4 '-TCB), phthalic acid (PA), m-phthalic acid (IPA), phenylformic acid (BA), trimellitic acid (TMA), 2,6-dicarboxyl benzo tonka bean camphor (2,6-DCBC), 4,4 '-dicarboxyl benzil (4,4 '-DCBZ), 4,4 '-benzophenonedicarboxylic acid (4,4 '-DCBP), 2,5,4 '-three carboxyl benzophenone (2,5,4 '-TCBP), terephthalic acid (TPA), 20 ℃ of following precipitated solid, with the whole aromatic carboxylic acids that lack non-aromatic hydrocarbyl.Below table 1 preferred amounts of these impurity among the CTA that generates according to an embodiment of the present invention is provided.
Table 1 is introduced the component of the solvent feed of reaction medium
| The component title | Preferred amounts (ppmw) | More preferably measure (ppmw) | Most preferred amount (ppmw) |
| 4-CBA | ＜1,200 | 30-600 | 60-300 |
| 4，4′DCS | ＜3 | ＜2 | ＜1 |
| 2，6-DCA | ＜6 | 0.1-3 | 0.2-1 |
| 2，6-DCF | ＜20 | 0.1-10 | 0.5-5 |
| 2，7-DCF | ＜10 | 0.1-5 | 0.5-2 |
| 3，5-DCF | ＜10 | ＜5 | ＜2 |
| 9F-2CA | ＜10 | 0.1-5 | 0.5-2 |
| 9F-4CA | ＜5 | ＜3 | ＜1 |
| Whole Fluorenones | ＜40 | ＜20 | 1-8 |
| 4，4’-DCB | ＜45 | ＜15 | 0.5-5 |
| 2，5，4’-TCB | ＜45 | 0.1-15 | 0.5-5 |
| PA | ＜1,000 | 15-400 | 40-150 |
| IPA | 2,500 | 40-1,200 | 120-400 |
| BA | ＜4,500 | 50-1,500 | 150-500 |
| TMA | ＜1,000 | 15-400 | 40-150 |
| 2，6-DCBC | ＜40 | ＜20 | ＜5 |
| 4，4’-DCBZ | ＜40 | ＜20 | ＜5 |
| 4，4’-DCBP | ＜40 | ＜20 | ＜5 |
| 2，5，4’-TCBP | ＜40 | ＜20 | 0.5-5 |
| TPA | ＜9，000 | 200-6,000 | 400-2,000 |
| Precipitated solid (20 ℃) | ＜9,000 | 200-6,000 | 600-2,000 |
| The aromatic carboxylic acid who all lacks non-aromatic hydrocarbyl | ＜18,000 | 300-9,000 | 450-3,000 |
Usually also have multiple other aromatic impurities in the circulating solvent, usually in addition lower level and/or change pro rata with one or more disclosed aromatic substance.Being used to control the method for disclosed aromatic substance in preferable range also keeps other aromatic impurities in proper level usually.
When using bromine in the reaction medium, known a large amount of ionic species bromine and organic form bromine are in running balance.In a single day the bromine of these various ways leaves reaction medium and by having different stabilising characteristics behind the various unit operations relevant with circulating solvent.For example, α-bromo-right-toluic acid can similarly exist under some conditions or can be under other condition fast hydrolysis to form 4-hydroxymethyl phenylformic acid and hydrogen bromide.In the present invention, preferably in the total mass of the bromine that in the overall solvent feed of reaction medium, exists, at least about 40wt%, more preferably at least about 60wt% and be one or more following chemical specieses most preferably at least about 80wt%: ion bromine, α-bromo-be right-toluic acid and monobromo-acetic acid.
Though the importances and value of the overall weight average purity of control solvent feed within the scope of disclosed in this invention, expectation is also undiscovered so far and/or open, the proper method that is used for controlling solvent feed purity can form from several different methods assembly known in the art.At first, any solvent that evaporates from reaction medium has suitable purity usually, and prerequisite is that the solvent that the liquid or solid in the reaction medium is not evaporated is carried secretly.The waste gas that the reflux solvent drop is fed to the reaction medium top breaks away from the space, and is such as disclosed herein, suitably limited this carrying secretly; And the circulating solvent of suitable purity can form from this waste gas in condensation with respect to aromatic substance.Secondly, the purifying of the bigger and circulating solvent charging that cost is higher of difficulty usually with from reaction medium with the solvent of liquid form taking-up and the liquid phase that contacts the reaction medium that from reaction vessel, takes out subsequently and/or solid phase (for example, from concentrating and/or wash the circulating solvent that obtains the solid strainer, from concentrating and/or wash the circulating solvent that obtains the solid whizzer, with the circulating solvent that from crystallization operation, obtains, or the like) solvent relevant.But, also knownly in this area be used to adopt one or more existing disclosures to carry out the method for the necessary purifying of these circulating solvent logistics.With regard to the precipitated solid in the Control Circulation solvent is within the scope of regulation, suitable control method comprises but is not to be defined in that gravity settling, the mechanical filter that uses filter cloth on rotation belt filter and rotary barrel formula strainer, employing are positioned at mechanical filter, hydrocyclone and the whizzer of the static filtering medium of pressurized vessel.With regard to dissolved aromatic substances in the Control Circulation solvent the regulation scope within regard to, control method comprise but be not limited among US patent 4,939,297 and the US patent application gazette 2005-0038288 (being hereby incorporated by) disclosed those.But, all do not have to find in these existing inventions and the open preferred levels of overall solvent feed moderate purity as disclosed herein.On the contrary, these existing inventions only provide the method for the selected part circulating solvent of purifying logistics, do not infer the optimum value of the present invention of the overall weight average solvent feed composition of reaction medium.
Turn to the purity of oxidable compound feeding now, be well known that, have m-phthalic acid, phthalic acid and the phenylformic acid of certain level and under low-level, be endurable at the purifying TPA that is used for polymer production.In addition, known these materials relatively more are dissolved in multiple solvent and can remove from the TPA of purifying by crystallization processes valuably.But, from embodiment of the present invention disclosed herein, now known in the liquid phase of reaction medium the level of several soluble relatively aromatic substances of control (particularly comprising m-phthalic acid, phthalic acid and phenylformic acid), for the level of many rings that form in the control reaction medium and colour developing aromatic substance, have compound, be important surprisingly for the reactive behavior within the control section oxidation reaction medium with for the loss of yield of controlled oxidation agent and aromatic substance more than 2 carboxylic acid functionals for each molecule of control.
As known in the artly be, in reaction medium, formed m-phthalic acid, phthalic acid and phenylformic acid, as described below.Between-the dimethylbenzene feed impurities is oxidized to IPA with good conversion rate and productive rate.The ortho-xylene feed impurities is oxidized to phthalic acid with good conversion rate and productive rate.Ethylbenzene and toluene feed impurity are oxidized to phenylformic acid with good conversion rate and productive rate.But, it has been observed by the present inventors that, a large amount of m-phthalic acids, phthalic acid and phenylformic acid also by-mode outside dimethylbenzene, ortho-xylene, ethylbenzene and the toluene oxidation is formed within the reaction medium that comprises right-dimethylbenzene.These other essential chemical route may comprise that the structural rearrangement of taking off carbonylation, decarboxylationization, transition state and methyl and carbonyl add on the aromatic ring.
During the preferable range of impurity, multiple factor is correlated with in determining oxidable compound feeding.If the purity requirement of oxidation products be quite strict (for example, be used for partial oxidation right-reaction medium of dimethylbenzene, be typically found at technical pure right-toluene and ethylbenzene in the dimethylbenzene causes forming phenylformic acid, and this phenylformic acid is removed from most of business-like TPA in large quantities), any impurity in the charging may be direct loss of yield and purifying products cost so.When the partial oxidation products of feed impurities is participated in other reaction, so when considering to bear how many feed purification costs, simple cost allowance and remove outside factor become suitable (for example, be used for partial oxidation right-reaction medium of dimethylbenzene, ethylbenzene causes phenylformic acid, and phenylformic acid causes the 9-Fluorenone-2-carboxylic acid of high colour developing, the oxycarbide that causes m-phthalic acid, causes phthalic acid and cause increasing subsequently, and other).When reaction medium when forming the impurity of additional quantity with the not directly related chemism self of feed impurities, this analysis become still more complicated (for example, be used for partial oxidation right-reaction medium of dimethylbenzene, phenylformic acid also self is formed at right-dimethylbenzene itself).In addition, the downstream processing of rough oxidation products can influence the consideration for preferred feedstock purity.For example, remove direct impurity (phenylformic acid) and can be a kind of and identical to the cost of proper level with rear impurity (m-phthalic acid, phthalic acid, 9-Fluorenone-2-carboxylic acid etc.), can be to differ from one another, and can be different from the requirement that incoherent greatly impurity (for example right-xylene oxygen turns to the incomplete oxidation product 4-CBA among the TPA) is removed.
The following public charging purity range that is used for right-dimethylbenzene is for preferred, and wherein right-dimethylbenzene is fed to solvent and oxygenant and is used for partial oxidation in the reaction medium to produce TPA.These scopes are preferred the TPA production method with the oxidation subsequent step that is used for removing from reaction medium the impurity (for example catalyst metal) outside oxygenant and the solvent.These scopes in from CTA, removing the TPA production method of extra 4-CBA be still preferred (for example, be converted into dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) and impurity ester and the methyl esters by fractionation by distillation 4-CBA subsequently by CTA, by the oxidative digestion method 4-CBA is converted into TPA, 4-CBA is converted into right-toluic acid by method for hydrogenation, it separates by the partial crystallization method subsequently).These scopes are removed in the TPA production method of extra 4-CBA from CTA by the oxidative digestion method 4-CBA being converted into TPA be most preferred.
By in the new knowledge aspect the relative quantity of the preferable range of circulation aromatic substance and the aromatic substance (comparing) that directly forms by the feed impurities oxidation, found impure in the partial oxidation technology that is fed to TPA production to the-improved impurity scope of dimethylbenzene with other inherent chemical route.Below table 2 provide in the middle of right-dimethylbenzene charging-preferred value of dimethylbenzene, ortho-xylene and ethylbenzene+toluene amount.
Table 2-impure right-component of dimethylbenzene charging
| The component title | Preferred amounts (ppmw) | More preferably measure (ppmw) | Most preferred amount (ppmw) |
| Between-dimethylbenzene | 20-800 | 50-600 | 100-400 |
| Ortho-xylene | 10-300 | 20-200 | 30-100 |
| Ethylbenzene+toluene * | 20-700 | 50-500 | 100-300 |
| Total amount | 50-900 | 100-800 | 200-700 |
| *The regulation of ethylbenzene and toluene is respectively independent and with summation meter | |||
Those skilled in the art recognize now, impure right-above impurity in the dimethylbenzene can have maximum influence to reaction medium after their partial oxidation products is assembled in circulating solvent.For example, when under in reaction medium, having about 33wt% solid, operating, between charging most preferred range upper limit amount-and dimethylbenzene, 400ppmw will generate about 200ppmw m-phthalic acid immediately in the liquid phase of reaction medium.The upper limit amount input (400ppmw) of this and m-phthalic acid most preferred range in circulating solvent is compared, experiencing common solvent evaporation so that after the reaction medium cooling, described 400ppmw causes reaching the m-phthalic acid of about 1200ppmw in the liquid phase of reaction medium.Thus, As time goes on partial oxidation products the gathering within the circulating solvent showed impure right-the dimethylbenzene charging in the middle of-influence of the maximum possible of dimethylbenzene, ortho-xylene, ethylbenzene and toluene impurity.Thus, impure above-mentioned scope for impurity in the-dimethylbenzene charging preferably is retained to not a half sky for operation every day of arbitrary portion oxidation reaction medium in specific preparation unit, more preferably maintenance at least four for operate continuously at least 7 days/three every days, most preferably for operate continuously at least 30 days impure right-mass weighted mean value (mass-weighted average) of dimethylbenzene feed composition drops within the preferable range.
The method that is used to obtain the impure right-dimethylbenzene of preferred purity is well known in the prior art and comprises but be not limited to distillation, at inferior room temperature lower section crystallization process with use the sieve method of selectivity aperture absorption.But, the purity preferable range of defined herein, high-end at them, the feature practice of the commercial supplier of comparison-dimethylbenzene more requires higher and more expensive; Yet at their low side, preferable range has been avoided in order to be fed in the partial oxidation reaction medium and to the expensive purifying of right-dimethylbenzene, this be since find and disclose impurity self in right-dimethylbenzene self forms and the combined effect of the impurity consumption reaction that reaction medium is interior becomes than impure right-dimethylbenzene within the impurity feeding rate more important.
When the feed stream that contains dimethylbenzene contained selected impurity (as ethylbenzene and/or toluene), the oxidation of these impurity can generate phenylformic acid.Term used herein " impurity generate phenylformic acid " is illustrated in during the dimethylbenzene oxidation phenylformic acid derived from any raw material outside the dimethylbenzene.
Such as disclosed herein, the phenylformic acid that generates during a part of dimethylbenzene oxidation is derived from dimethylbenzene itself.Except being the benzoic arbitrary portion phenylformic acid generation of impurity generation, this is independently by dimethylbenzene generation phenylformic acid.Bound by theory not thinks that intermediate oxidation product when various dimethylbenzene spontaneously takes off carbonylation (losing carbon monoxide) or decarboxylationization (losing carbonic acid gas) when generating aryl thus, and phenylformic acid is derived from the dimethylbenzene within the reaction medium.These aryl can take out hydrogen atom subsequently and form the phenylformic acid that self generates in one of multiple obtainable raw material from reaction medium.No matter chemism how, term used herein " self generate phenylformic acid " will be illustrated in during the dimethylbenzene oxidation phenylformic acid derived from dimethylbenzene.
Such as disclosed herein in addition, when right-dimethylbenzene oxidation generated terephthalic acid (TPA), the benzoic formation that self generates caused right-dimethylbenzene loss of yield and oxygenant loss of yield.In addition, the benzoic existence that self generates in the reaction medium liquid phase is relevant with the increase of the multiple side reaction of not expecting, particularly including the generation of the high color-developing compounds that is called list-carboxyl-Fluorenone.The phenylformic acid that self the generates gathering that phenylformic acid is not expected in the filtrate that also helps to circulate, it has further improved benzoic concentration in the reaction medium liquid phase.Thus, the benzoic formation expectation minimization that self forms, but also while factor and the macroeconomic relevant with the other problem of phenylformic acid, the factor that influences phenylformic acid consumption and the reaction preference of impurity generation suitably considered together.
It has been observed by the present inventors that, benzoic self-generating can by suitable selection for example the temperature within the reaction medium between oxidation period, dimethylbenzene distribute and oxygen acquired control to low-level.Do not wish bound by theory, the acquired demonstration of lesser temps and improved oxygen suppresses to take off carbonylation and/or decarboxylation speed, has avoided thus about self generating benzoic loss of yield.As if competent oxygen is acquired pushes form aryl to other more favourable product, particularly hydroxy-benzoic acid.The distribution of dimethylbenzene also can influence aryl and is converted into balance between phenylformic acid or the hydroxy-benzoic acid in the reaction medium.Regardless of chemism, though it has been observed by the present inventors that reaction conditions is gentle must be enough to reduce phenylformic acid output, still violent to being enough to that most of hydroxy-benzoic acid output is oxidized to carbon monoxide and/or carbonic acid gas (it is removed easily) from oxidation products.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, oxidation reactor is constructed by this way and is operated, and the benzoic formation that self generates minimizes and hydroxy-benzoic acid is oxidized to carbon monoxide and/or carbonic acid gas maximization even get.When oxidation reactor be used to right-when xylene oxygen turns to terephthalic acid, preferably, right-dimethylbenzene account in the incoming flow of introducing reactor whole dimethylbenzene at least about 50wt%.More preferably, right-dimethylbenzene account in the feed stream whole dimethylbenzene at least about 75wt%.Still more preferably, right-dimethylbenzene accounts for the 95wt% at least of whole dimethylbenzene in the feed stream.Most preferably, right-dimethylbenzene is gone up all dimethylbenzene that constitute in whole feed streams substantially.
When reactor be used to right-when xylene oxygen turns to terephthalic acid, preferably make the throughput rate maximization of terephthalic acid, the benzoic throughput rate that self generates is minimized.Preferably, the ratio of the benzoic generating rate (weight) that the throughput rate of terephthalic acid (weight) generates with self is at least about 500: 1, more preferably at least about 1000: 1, and most preferably at least 1500: 1.Following will see such, preferably benzoic concentration is lower than 2000ppmw, more preferably is lower than 1000ppmw and when most preferably being lower than 500ppmw in the reaction medium liquid phase, measure the benzoic throughput rate that self generates, because these lower concentrations are suppressed to suitable low rate with the reaction that phenylformic acid is converted into other compound.
Phenylformic acid in conjunction with phenylformic acid that self generates and impurity generation, the throughput rate of terephthalic acid (weight) is preferably at least about 400: 1 with the ratio of whole benzoic throughput rates (weight), more preferably at least about 700: 1, and most preferably at least 1100: 1.Following will see such, preferably benzoic concentration is lower than 2 in the reaction medium liquid phase, 000ppmw, more preferably less than 1,000ppmw, when most preferably being lower than 500ppmw, measure benzoic total throughput rate that the phenylformic acid that self generates adds that impurity generates, because these lower concentrations are suppressed to suitable low rate with the reaction that phenylformic acid is converted into other compound.
Such as disclosed herein, the phenylformic acid of rising concentration causes the formation of multiple other aromatic substance to increase in the liquid phase of reaction medium, and wherein several is detrimental impurity among the TPA; And such as disclosed herein, the phenylformic acid of rising concentration causes the formation of carbon oxide gas to increase in the liquid phase of reaction medium, and the loss of yield of oxygenant and aromatic substance and/or solvent has been represented in its formation.In addition, now disclosedly be, it has been observed by the present inventors that other aromatic substance of quite most of this increase and the formation of oxycarbide are the reactions of spreading out and transforming from some benzoic acid molecules itself, these are different with other reaction of phenylformic acid catalysis (self does not consume phenylformic acid).Therefore, " benzoic clean generation " be defined as the benzoic time average weight of all leaving reaction medium during the identical time period in this article and deduct the benzoic time average weight that all enters reaction medium.This benzoic clean generation often is positive, and it is limited by impurity phenylformic acid that generates and the benzoic formation speed that self generates.But, it has been observed by the present inventors that, phenylformic acid is converted into oxycarbide and is converted into that several other conversion of compounds speed increase along with concentration of benzoic acid in the liquid phase of reaction medium and approximately linear increases, and is wherein comprising that temperature, oxygen are acquired, is measuring when other reaction conditions of STR and reactive behavior keeps approximately constant.Thus, when concentration of benzoic acid in the liquid phase of reaction medium is enough big (may because in the circulating solvent concentration of benzoic acid raise), benzoic acid molecule be converted into other compound (comprising oxycarbide) and can becomes the chemistry that is equal to or greater than new benzoic acid molecule and generate so.At this moment, benzoic clean generation can become and approaches zero or even negative value evenly.It has been observed by the present inventors that, benzoicly be generated as timing only, the throughput rate of terephthalic acid (weight) preferably is higher than about 700: 1 with respect to the ratio of benzoic clean generating rate in the reaction medium in the reaction medium so, more preferably is higher than about 1100: 1, and most preferably is higher than 4000: 1.It has been observed by the present inventors that, only be generated as when negative when benzoic, the throughput rate of terephthalic acid (weight) preferably is higher than about 200 with respect to the ratio of benzoic clean generating rate in the reaction medium in the reaction medium: (1), more preferably be higher than about 1000: (1), and most preferably be higher than 5000: (1).
The present inventor has also found for the composition of the slurry that takes out from reaction medium (liquid+solid) with for the preferable range of the solid CTA of this slurry part.It is excellent and useful surprisingly that this preferred slurry and preferred CTA form.For example, the purifying TPA that makes from this preferred CTA by oxidative digestion has abundant low-level total impurities and colour developing impurity, make this purifying TPA suit, need not extra 4-CBA of hydrogenation and/or colour developing impurity for multiple application in the PET fiber and PET packaging application.For example, preferred slurry is formed the liquid phase that the low relatively reaction medium of important impurity concentration is provided, and has so importantly reduced the formation of other even the impurity more do not expected (as described in this article those).In addition, according to other embodiments of the present invention, preferred slurry is formed and is importantly helped with the liquid of aftertreatment from slurry, to become the circulating solvent embodiment of suitable purity.
The CTA that produces according to one embodiment of this invention contains the selected type impurity that is less than by the CTA of traditional method and device fabrication, has particularly adopted those of circulating solvent.The impurity that may reside among the CTA comprises following: 4-carboxyl benzaldehyde (4-CBA), 4,4 '-dicarboxyl stilbene (4,4 '-DCS), 2, and 6-dicarboxyl anthraquinone (2,6-DCA), 2,6-dicarboxyl Fluorenone (2,6-DCF), 2, and 7-dicarboxyl Fluorenone (2,7-DCF), 3,5-dicarboxyl Fluorenone (3,5-DCF), 9-Fluorenone-2-carboxylic acid (9F-2CA), 9-Fluorenone-4-carboxylic acid (9F-4CA), 4,4 '-dicarboxylate biphenyl (4,4 '-DCB), 2,5,4 '-three carboxyl biphenyl (2,5,4 '-TCB), phthalic acid (PA), m-phthalic acid (IPA), phenylformic acid (BA), trimellitic acid (TMA), right-toluic acid (PTAC), 2,6-dicarboxyl benzo tonka bean camphor (2,6-DCBC), 4,4 '-dicarboxyl benzil (4,4 '-DCBZ), 4,4 '-benzophenonedicarboxylic acid (4,4 '-DCBP), 2,5,4 '-three carboxyl benzophenone (2,5,4 '-TCBP).Below table 3 preferred amounts of these impurity among the CTA that produces according to embodiment of the present invention is provided.
Table 3-CTA impurity
| The impurity title | Preferred amounts (ppmw) | More preferably measure (ppmw) | Most preferred amount (ppmw) |
| 4-CBA | ＜15,000 | 100-8,000 | 400-2,000 |
| 4，4’-DCS | ＜12 | ＜6 | ＜3 |
| 2，6-DCA | ＜9 | ＜6 | ＜2 |
| 2，6-DCF | ＜100 | 2-50 | 5-25 |
| 2，7-DCF | ＜30 | ＜15 | ＜5 |
| 3，5-DCF | ＜16 | ＜8 | ＜2 |
| 9F-2CA | ＜16 | ＜8 | ＜4 |
| 9F-4CA | ＜8 | ＜4 | ＜2 |
| Whole Fluorenones | ＜100 | 2-60 | 4-35 |
| 4，4’-DCB | ＜64 | 1-32 | 2-8 |
| 2，5，4’-TCB | ＜24 | ＜12 | ＜8 |
| PA | ＜200 | 3-100 | 5-50 |
| IPA | ＜800 | 10-400 | 20-200 |
| BA | ＜600 | 5-300 | 15-100 |
| TMA | ＜800 | 10-400 | 20-200 |
| PTAC | ＜2,000 | 10-1,000 | 50-500 |
| 2，6-DCBC | ＜64 | ＜32 | ＜8 |
| 4，4’-DCBZ | ＜12 | ＜8 | ＜4 |
| 4，4’-DCBP | ＜40 | ＜30 | ＜20 |
| 2，5，4’-TCBP | ＜32 | ＜16 | ＜4 |
In addition, preferably, the CTA that produces according to embodiment of the present invention has with respect to by the lower color content of the CTA of traditional method and device fabrication, particularly adopts those of circulating solvent.Thus, preferably, the percent transmittance of CTA at the 340nm place of producing according to one embodiment of this invention is at least about 25%, more preferably at least about 50%, and most preferably at least 60%.In addition preferably, the percent transmittance of CTA at the 400nm place of producing according to one embodiment of this invention is at least about 88%, more preferably at least about 90%, and most preferably at least 92%.
The test that is used for percent transmittance provides measurement colour developing, extinction impurity to being present in TPA or CTA.Such as used herein, this test chart is shown in by 2.00g drying solid TPA or CTA being dissolved on 20.0 milliliters of analytical pure or a part of solution that better dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (DMSO) makes and measures.Subsequently this solution of a part is placed Hellma half-micro-chute (semi-micro flow cell), among the PN 176.700, it is made by quartz and light path is that 1.0cm and volume are 0.39 milliliter.(Hellma USA，80 Skyline Drive，Plainview，NY 11803)。Use Agilent 8453 diode array spectrophotometers are measured the transmissivity by the different wavelengths of light of the chute of this filling.(Agilent Technologies，395 Page Mill Road，Palo Alto，CA 94303)。(described background comprises but is not limited to used chute and solvent) by machine first-hand report percent transmittance result, is used to characterize the umber through the incident light of solution after background absorption is suitably revised.Percent transmittance value under 340nm and 400nm optical wavelength is specially adapted to differentiate pure TPA from the multiple impurity of finding therein usually.
Below reaction medium is provided in the table 4 slurry (solid+liquid) mutually in the preferable range of multiple aromatic impurities.
Table 4-slurry impurity
| The impurity title | Preferred amounts (ppmw) | More preferably measure (ppmw) | Most preferred amount (ppmw) |
| 4-CBA | ＜8,000 | ＜5,000 | ＜2,500 |
| 4，4′-DCS | ＜4 | ＜2 | ＜1 |
| 2，6-DCA | ＜6 | ＜3 | ＜1 |
| 2，6-DCF | ＜70 | 2-40 | 4-20 |
| 2，7-DCF | ＜12 | ＜8 | ＜4 |
| 3，5-DCF | ＜12 | ＜8 | ＜4 |
| 9F-2CA | ＜12 | ＜8 | ＜4 |
| 9F-4CA | ＜8 | ＜4 | ＜2 |
| Whole Fluorenones | ＜90 | 2-60 | 5-30 |
| 4，4’-DCB | ＜64 | 1-16 | 2-4 |
| 2，5，4’-TCB | ＜60 | 2-40 | 4-20 |
| PA | ＜3,000 | 25-1,500 | 75-500 |
| IPA | 9,000 | 75-4,500 | 225-1,500 |
| BA | ＜15,000 | 100-6,000 | 300-2,000 |
| TMA | ＜3,000 | 25-1,500 | 75-500 |
| PTAC | ＜8,000 | 100-4,000 | 200-2,000 |
| 4，4’-DCBZ | ＜5 | ＜4 | ＜3 |
| 4，4’-DCBP | ＜240 | ＜160 | ＜80 |
| 2，5，4’-TCBP | ＜120 | ＜80 | ＜40 |
The preferred group of these slurries becomes to have embodied the preferred composition of reaction medium liquid phase, and usefully avoided experimentally the difficulty relevant with following situation simultaneously: described situation is at sampling from reaction medium, separating liquid and solid and is converted to liquid phase component other in the process of analysis condition and precipitate into solid components from reaction medium.
Also have multiple other aromatic impurities usually among the CTA of the slurry phase neutralization reaction medium of reaction medium, usually in addition more low-levelly change pro rata down and/or with one or more disclosed aromatic substance.Controlling disclosed aromatic substance will keep other aromatic impurities at proper level within preferable range.Mutually with for for the solid CTA that directly obtains this slurry, these favourable compositions are by being that the operation of the embodiment of the present invention of TPA obtains with disclosed herein being used for right-dimethylbenzene partial oxidation for slurry in the reaction medium.
Adopt liquid phase chromatography measure solvent, circulating solvent, CTA, from low-level component concentrations among the slurry of reaction medium and the PTA.Two kinds of interchangeable embodiments are described now.
The method that is called HPLC-DAD herein comprises and diode array transmitter (DAD) coupled high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the separation and the quantification of various molecular substances in the given sample are provided thus.The equipment that is used for this measurement is model 1100 HPLC, and it is equipped with DAD, and (Palo Alto CA) provides, but other suitable equipment also can be commercially available from other supplier there by AglientTechnologies.As known in the art, use the known compound that exists with known quantity to proofread and correct elution time and detector response, described compound and consumption are suitable for those that exist in actual unknown sample.
The method that is called HPLC-MS herein comprises and mass spectrum (MS) coupled high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), and separation, discriminating and the quantification of various molecular substances in the given sample are provided thus.The equipment that is used for this measurement for by Waters Corp. (Milford, Alliance HPLC that MA) provides and ZQ MS, but other suitable equipment also can be commercially available from other supplier there.As known in the art, use the known compound that exists with known quantity to proofread and correct elution time and mass spectrum response, wherein said compound and consumption are suitable for those that exist in actual unknown sample.
Another embodiment of the present invention relates to the oxidable compound of partial oxidation aromatics, simultaneously on the one hand to the inhibition of harmful aromatic impurities with carry out suitably balance between the formation of carbonic acid gas and carbon monoxide (being referred to as oxycarbide (COx)) on the other hand.These oxycarbides leave reaction vessel usually in waste gas, and they are corresponding to the destructiveness loss of solvent and oxidable compound, and described oxidable compound comprises extremely preferred oxidized derivatives (for example acetate, right-dimethylbenzene and TPA).It has been observed by the present inventors that the lower limit that oxycarbide forms, be lower than this time harmful aromatic impurities of its as if a large amount of generations in limited time, as described below, to such an extent as to and the inevitable too poor economic and practical of not having of low overall level of conversion.The present inventor has also found the upper limit of oxycarbide, is higher than the increase of the generation of oxycarbide continuation in limited time on this, has not almost had simultaneously to reduce the further value that generation is brought by harmful aromatic impurities.
It has been observed by the present inventors that the liquid concentration of oxidable compound feeding of aromatics and aromatics intermediate materials causes the generating rate of detrimental impurity during the oxidable compound of partial oxidation aromatics lower in the reduction reaction medium.The aromatic molecules that these detrimental impurity comprise the coupling aromatic ring and/or contain the hydroxy-acid group that is higher than desired amt (for example, in the oxidation of right-dimethylbenzene, detrimental impurity comprises 2,6-dicarboxyl anthraquinone, 2,6-dicarboxyl Fluorenone, trimellitic acid, 2,5,4 '-three carboxyl biphenyl and 2,5,4 '-benzophenone).The aromatics intermediate materials comprises that the aromatic substance that originates from oxidable aromatic substance charging and still contain non-aromatic hydrocarbyl (for example, in the oxidation of right-dimethylbenzene, the aromatics intermediate materials comprises right-toluic aldehyde, terephthalaldehyde, right-toluic acid, 4-CBA, 4-hydroxymethyl phenylformic acid and α-bromo-be right-toluic acid).The oxidable compound feeding of aromatics and the aromatics intermediate that keep non-aromatic hydrocarbyl, when in the liquid phase that is present in reaction medium, demonstration causes forming detrimental impurity (for example, m-phthalic acid) to be similar to the mode of having described for the dissolving aromatic substances that lacks non-aromatic hydrocarbyl herein.
According to this for than the demand of high reaction activity to suppress the formation of harmful aromatic impurities during the oxidable aromatic substance of partial oxidation, it has been observed by the present inventors that the fall-out of not expecting is that the production of oxycarbide increases.Important being understood that, these oxycarbides have been represented the loss of yield of oxidable compound and oxygenant, are not the only just loss of solvent.Clearly, oxycarbide most of and major portion sometimes is not from solvent from oxidable compound and its derivative; And it is more than solvent cost often to calculate oxidable compound by each carbon unit.In addition, important being understood that, when in the liquid phase that is present in reaction medium, peroxidation also takes place to become oxycarbide in the product carboxylic acid of expectation (for example TPA).
It is also important that and recognize the reaction that the present invention relates in the reaction medium liquid phase and reactant concn wherein.This point is different with some existing inventions, and these existing inventions directly relate to the precipitated solid form that forms the aromatic substance that keeps non-aromatic hydrocarbyl.Particularly, for for-the dimethylbenzene partial oxidation is TPA, some existing inventions relate to the amounts of sedimentary 4-CBA in the CTA solid phase.But, the inventor has found to adopt the space-time speed of reaction of temperature, pressure, catalysis, solvent composition and the right-dimethylbenzene of same size, the ratio of 4-CBA was greater than 2: 1 variation in 4-CBA and the liquid phase in the solid phase, and depending on whether this partial oxidation has in oxygen and the right-dimethylbenzene fractionated reaction medium in the autoclave of well blend or according to the present invention carries out.In addition, it has been observed by the present inventors that, under temperature, pressure, catalysis and the solvent composition of similar specification, in the solid phase in 4-CBA and the liquid phase ratio of 4-CBA also can well blend or the fractionated reaction medium in change and to be higher than 2: 1, depend on the space-time speed of reaction of right-dimethylbenzene.In addition, 4-CBA does not show the formation that helps detrimental impurity among the solid phase CTA, and the 4-CBA in the solid phase can reclaim and be oxidized to TPA (for example, as described herein, by oxidative digestion CTA slurry) with high yield simply; Remove solid phase 4-CBA difficulty and cost are more much higher more but remove the detrimental impurity ratio, and nonvolatil loss of yield has been represented in the generation of oxycarbide.Thus, important difference is that the liquid phase that this aspect of the present invention relates in the reaction medium is formed.
No matter come from solvent or oxidable compound, it has been observed by the present inventors that, under conversion with commercial practicality, the production of oxycarbide is main relevant with the active level of W-response, although in the temperature that is used to obtain the W-response activity level, metal, halogen, temperature, the acidity, the concrete combination of water concentration of reaction medium by the pH measurement wide variation is arranged.It has been observed by the present inventors that and used the liquid concentration of the toluic acid at height, reaction medium bottom and reaction medium top in the middle part of reaction medium to estimate the W-response activity level, the partial oxidation of p-Xylol is useful.
Thus, balance is very important in the time of following: the formation of objectionable impurities is minimized and by reducing reactive behavior the formation of oxycarbide is minimized by increasing reactive behavior.That is, low if the integral production of oxycarbide was suppressed, form excessive objectionable impurities so, vice versa.
In addition, it has been observed by the present inventors that the solvability of the carboxylic acid of expectation (for example TPA) and relative reactivity and other lack the existing in the balance of this oxycarbide to detrimental impurity of dissolved aromatic substances of non-aromatic hydrocarbyl and introduced very important fulcrum.The product carboxylic acid of expectation is dissolved in the liquid phase of reaction medium usually, even when existing with solid form.For example, under the temperature of preferable range, TPA is that the level of about 1000ppmw～be higher than 1wt% is dissolved in the reaction medium that comprises acetate and water with the scope, and solubility with temperature increases and increases.Although by oxidable aromatic substance charging (for example right-dimethylbenzene), by aromatics reaction intermediate (for example right-toluic acid), by the product aromatic carboxylic acid (for example TPA) of expectation with is formed by the aromatic substances that lacks non-aromatic hydrocarbyl (for example m-phthalic acid) in the speed of reaction of various detrimental impurity and have difference, afterwards the existence of two classes and reactivity have been set up the falling district (a region of diminishingreturns) for two classes before the further inhibition (oxidable compound feeding of aromatics and aromatics reaction intermediate).For example, at right-dimethylbenzene partial oxidation is among the TPA, if dissolved TPA amounts to 7000ppmw in the reaction medium liquid phase under specified criteria, the dissolved phenylformic acid amounts to 8000ppmw, the dissolved m-phthalic acid amounts to 6000ppmw, amount to 2000ppmw with the dissolved phthalic acid, when reactive behavior is increased to right-toluic acid and 4-CBA liquid concentration are suppressed to be lower than similar water at ordinary times so, described value for the whole hazardous compounds of further reduction begins to reduce.Promptly, existence and the concentration of aromatic substances in the liquid phase of reaction medium that lacks non-aromatic hydrocarbyl takes place to change by increasing reactive behavior very littlely, and their existence is used for upwards enlarging suppressing the formation of detrimental impurity thus in the falling district that is used to reduce reaction intermediate concentration.
Thus, a kind of embodiment of the present invention provides the preferable range of oxycarbide, and lower limit is formed by low reaction activity and detrimental impurity excessive and defines and the upper limit is defined by the excess carbon loss, but described level is lower than those disclosed previous discovery and commercial.Therefore, the formation of preferably following control oxycarbide.The molar weight of the whole oxycarbides that generate is preferably more than about 0.02: 1 with the ratio of the molar weight of oxidable aromatic substance charging, more preferably greater than about 0.04: 1, still more preferably greater than about 0.05: 1, and most preferably greater than 0.06: 1.Simultaneously, the molar weight of whole oxycarbides of generation and the ratio of the molar weight of oxidable aromatic substance charging are preferably less than about 0.24: 1, more preferably less than about 0.22: 1, still more preferably less than about 0.19: 1, and most preferably less than 0.15: 1.The molar weight of the carbonic acid gas that generates is preferably more than about 0.01: 1 with the ratio of the molar weight of oxidable aromatic substance charging, more preferably greater than about 0.03: 1, still more preferably greater than about 0.04: 1, and most preferably greater than 0.05: 1.Simultaneously, the molar weight of the carbonic acid gas of generation and the ratio of the molar weight of oxidable aromatic substance charging are preferably less than about 0.21: 1, more preferably less than about 0.19: 1, still more preferably less than about 0.16: 1, and most preferably less than 0.11.The molar weight of the carbon monoxide that generates is preferably more than about 0.005: 1 with the ratio of the molar weight of oxidable aromatic substance charging, more preferably greater than about 0.010: 1, still more preferably greater than about 0.015: 1, and most preferably greater than 0.020: 1.Simultaneously, the molar weight of the carbon monoxide of generation and the ratio of the molar weight of oxidable aromatic substance charging are preferably less than about 0.09: 1, more preferably less than about 0.07: 1, still more preferably less than about 0.05: 1, and most preferably less than 0.04: 1.
The content of carbonic acid gas is preferably more than about 0.10mol% in the dry waste gas of oxidation reactor, more preferably greater than about 0.20mol%, still more preferably greater than about 0.25mol%, and most preferably greater than 0.30mol%.Simultaneously, the content of carbonic acid gas is preferably less than about 1.5mol%, more preferably less than about 1.2mol%, still more preferably less than about 0.9mol%, and most preferably less than 0.8mol% in the dry waste gas of oxidation reactor.The content of carbon monoxide is preferably more than about 0.05mol% in the dry waste gas of oxidation reactor, more preferably greater than about 0.10mol%, still more preferably greater than about 0.15mol%, and most preferably greater than 0.18mol%.Simultaneously, the content of carbon monoxide is preferably less than about 0.60mol%, more preferably less than about 0.50mol%, still more preferably less than about 0.35mol%, and most preferably less than 0.28mol% in the dry waste gas of oxidation reactor.
It has been observed by the present inventors that, being used for the important factor that output with oxycarbide is reduced to these preferable range is to improve the purity of circulation filtrate and oxidable compound feeding, to reduce the concentration of the aromatic substance that lacks non-aromatic hydrocarbyl according to disclosure of the present invention---reduced the formation of oxycarbide and objectionable impurities so simultaneously.Another factor is the distribution of right-dimethylbenzene and oxygenant within the ground disclosure improvement reaction vessel according to the present invention.The other factors that can realize the above-mentioned preferred levels of oxycarbide is to operate under the oxygenant gradient in oxidable compound concentrations gradient and the gas phase in the thermograde that exists in reaction medium as disclosed herein, pressure gradient, liquid phase.The other factors that can realize the above-mentioned preferred levels of oxycarbide is to operate under the preferred value of space-time speed of reaction, pressure, temperature, solvent composition, catalyzer composition and reaction vessel geometry of machinery shape in this article.
The important benefits of operating within the preferable range that oxycarbide forms is to reduce the use of molecular oxygen, but is not to be reduced to stoichiometric number.Although make oxygenant and the good classification of oxidable compound according to the present invention, but must make excessive oxygen be kept above stoichiometric number, as for what independent oxidable compound feeding calculated, allow that thus some lose into oxycarbide and provide excessive molecular oxygen to control the formation of detrimental impurity.Specifically when dimethylbenzene was oxidable compound feeding, molecular oxygen weight was preferably more than about 0.91: 1.00 with the ratio of the charging of dimethylbenzene weight, more preferably greater than about 0.95: 1.00, and most preferably greater than 0.99: 1.00.Simultaneously, the ratio of molecular oxygen weight and the charging of dimethylbenzene weight is preferably less than about 1.20: 1.00, more preferably less than about 1.12: 1.00, and most preferably less than 1.06: 1.00.For the dimethylbenzene charging, the time average content of molecular oxygen is preferably more than about 0.1mol% in the dry waste gas of oxidation reactor particularly, more preferably greater than about 1mol%, and most preferably greater than 1.5mol%.Simultaneously, the time average content of molecular oxygen is preferably less than about 6mol%, more preferably less than about 4mol%, and most preferably less than 3mol% in the dry waste gas of oxidation reactor.
Another important benefits of operating within the preferable range that oxycarbide forms is that less aromatic substance is converted into oxycarbide and other low value form.Employing continuous segment time, preferred 1 hour, more preferably 1 day and most preferably the 30 molar weight summations of all leaving the aromatic substance of reaction medium within continuously day estimate this benefit divided by the molar weight summation of the aromatic substance that all enters reaction medium.This ratio hereinafter be called aromatic substance by reaction medium " mole existence than " and be expressed as numerical value percentage ratio.If the aromatic substance that all enters is left reaction medium (though most of oxidised form for the aromatic substance that enters) with the aromatic substance form, the maximum value of mole existence ratio is 100% so.If 1 of just in time per 100 aromatic molecules that enter is converted into oxycarbide and/or other non-aromatic molecules (for example acetate) by reaction medium the time, mole existence is than being 99% so.Specifically when dimethylbenzene is the main charging of oxidable aromatic substance, the mole existence of the aromatic substance by reaction medium is more about 98% than being preferably more than, more preferably greater than about 98.5%, and most preferably less than 99.0%.Simultaneously and in order there to be enough W-response activity, when dimethylbenzene is the main charging of oxidable aromatic substance, the mole existence of the aromatic substance by reaction medium than preferably less than about 99.9%, more preferably less than about 99.8%, and most preferably less than 99.7%.
Another aspect of the present invention relates in the reaction medium that comprises acetate and one or more oxidable aromatic substance produces methyl acetate.This methyl acetate is higher and tend to follow waste gas thus with respect to water and acetate volatility, unless adopted extra cooling or other unit operation with its recovery and/or with its destruction before waste gas being discharged in the winding border.Running cost and cost of investment have been represented in the formation of methyl acetate thus.Possibly, methyl acetate is as the formation of getting off: at first methyl (may from the decomposition of acetate) is combined to generate the methyl hydrogen superoxide with oxygen, be decomposed to form methyl alcohol subsequently, and the methyl alcohol that makes generation at last and residual acetic acid reaction are with the generation methyl acetate.Regardless of chemical paths, it has been observed by the present inventors that no matter when the methyl acetate throughput rate is low excessively, the production of oxycarbide is also crossed low and production harmful aromatic impurities is too high so.If the methyl acetate throughput rate is too high, the production of oxycarbide is also unnecessarily high so, causes the loss of yield of solvent, oxidable compound and oxygenant.When adopting herein described preferred embodiment, the generation of the molar weight of the methyl acetate of generation and the molar weight of oxidable aromatic substance charging is than being preferably more than about 0.005: 1, more preferably greater than about 0.010: 1, and most preferably greater than 0.020: 1.Simultaneously, the molar weight of the methyl acetate of generation compares preferably less than about 0.09: 1 with the generation of the molar weight of oxidable aromatic substance charging, more preferably less than about 0.07: 1, and still more preferably less than about 0.05: 1, and most preferably less than 0.04: 1.
Can further set forth embodiments more of the present invention by the following example, but should be appreciated that unless special declaration is arranged in addition, this embodiment only is used to illustrate rather than limitation of the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1-10
This embodiment has utilized has the bubble tower reaction vessel that interior diameter equals vertical, the cylindrical segment of 2.44m.The height of cylindrical segment is 32m from the following tangent line (TL) of this cylindrical segment to last TL.This container is equipped with 2: 1 oval heads at cylindrical segment top and bottom.From reaction medium bottom to the about 32.6m of the height at cylindrical segment top, and the about 33.2m of the total height of reaction vessel.Operation highly is about 25.6m on the reaction medium bottom.
With the steady rate of 7000kg per hour right-dimethylbenzene is fed in the reactor.With the steady rate charging of 70000kg per hour and right-dimethylbenzene is intimately mixed, mainly comprise the filtrate solvent of acetate.The horizontal distribution device assembly that uses design to be used on the transverse cross-sectional area of the inner sides of radius that is positioned at 0.45* (interior diameter), providing charging uniformly basically to discharge, with charging near the reaction medium bottom 2 meters highly punish and be distributed within the reaction vessel.The concentration of catalyst component makes and consists of 1800ppmW cobalt, 1800ppmw bromine and 100ppmw manganese in the liquid phase of reaction medium in the filtrate solvent.Steady rate with 49000kg per hour on the operation height of reaction medium is fed to independent reflux solvent stream in gas-abscission zone as drop, and it is all being distributed on the transverse cross-sectional area of abscission zones basically.This reflux solvent does not have the catalyst component of conspicuous level.The bonded water content of filtrate solvent feed and reflux solvent charging makes that water content is 6wt% in the liquid phase of reaction medium.By to oxidant inlet sparger similar shown in Figure 12-15 with the steady rate feeding air of 35000kg per hour, and all oxidant inlet is positioned under the following TL of cylindrical segment.The working pressure of reaction vessel overhead gas stably is 0.52 MPa gauge pressure.Reaction vessel is operated in adiabatic mode basically, the temperature of the charging that makes heat of reaction raise to enter and the solvent that evaporation enters in a large number.Highly locate to measure at the middle part of reaction medium, service temperature is about 160 ℃.Use outside degassing container highly to locate from the reaction vessel sidewall, to discharge the reaction medium that comprises crude terephthalic acid (CTA) at 15m with steady rate.
L: D ratio is 13.4 and H: W ratio is 10.5.The volume that reaction medium occupies is about 118 cubic metres, and reaction vessel contains the 58000kg slurry of having an appointment.Stock quality is about 8.3 hours with the ratio of right-dimethylbenzene feeding rate.When empty response intensity for every cubic metre of about 59kg of reaction medium per hour right-the dimethylbenzene charging.The reaction medium bottom is about 0.12 MPa with the pressure reduction that leaves the cat head waste gas of reaction vessel.The superfacial velocity that gas phase is highly located at reaction medium middle part is about 0.8m per hour.The upright surface area that contacts with reaction medium is about 197 square metres, and it is about 3.16*Wmin*H.The volume of reaction medium is about 0.60m with the ratio of the upright surface area of contact reacts medium.Under the condition of embodiment 1, the decomposition of acetate amounts to the about 0.03kg of CTA that every kg generates in the response estimator medium.This is a cost main in the integral production economy.
The useful slurry and the oxygenant average upward velocity of maximum time mutually of being designated as of end-to-end within the bubble tower reaction vessel (end to end) flow velocity.In cylindrical bubbling tower reaction vessel, these maximum upward velocities are present near the vertical axis of symmetry of cylindrical segment.By coming from Gas-Liquid RecirculationModel of Gupta (with reference to Chum-turbulent bubble columns:experiments andmodeling; Gupta, Puneet; Washington Univ., St.Louis, MO, USA.Avail.UMI, Order No.DA3065044; (2002), 357 pages, From:Diss.Abstr.Int., B 2003,63 (9), and 4269.The paper of writing with English.CAN 140:130325 AN 2003:424187 CAPLUS) proprietary database is calculated and used to method, and near the reaction medium middle part highly average upward velocity of maximum time of the gas phase in place is about 3.1m/s.Similar calculating ground, reaction medium middle part highly near the average upward velocity of maximum time of the slurry in place are about 1.4m/s.
Another useful being designated as of end-to-end flow velocity within the bubble tower reaction vessel in the average speed downwards of maximum time that is arranged in away from that part of reaction vessel slurry of intercooler core.In cylindrical reactor vessel, the downward speed of this maximum appears at the zone that is positioned at from the radius outside of the 0.35* (interior diameter) of the vertical axis of symmetry of cylindrical segment usually.By method calculating and the use proprietary database that comes from Gas-Liquid Recirculation Model of Gupta, the on average downward speed of maximum time of slurry is about 1.4m/s near the outer ring surface the height of reaction medium middle part.
In this embodiment, with the rising of 49000kg per hour speed---be among the embodiment 1 speed 7 times---give the bubbling column reactor charging right-dimethylbenzene.About 7 times of the cross-sectional area of cross-sectional area by increasing reaction vessel in the embodiment 1 make superficial gas velocity (often being considered the important amplification variable of bubble tower) keep being approximately equal to embodiment 1.Also make H: W and L: D ratio (often being considered the important amplification variable of bubble tower) keeps being approximately equal to embodiment 1.
Increase other incoming flow by 7: 1 same ratio to embodiment 1.Identical among feed composition and the embodiment 1, water, cobalt, bromine and the manganese identical with concentration among the embodiment 1 is provided within the reaction medium liquid phase.The working pressure of reaction vessel overhead gas also is 0.52 MPa gauge pressure, and near the service temperature the middle part height of reaction medium also is about 160 ℃.Use outside degassing container highly to locate from the reaction vessel sidewall, to discharge the reaction medium that comprises CTA at 40m with steady rate.
This bubble tower reaction vessel comprises that interior diameter equals the vertical cylindrical segment of 6.46m.L: D ratio keeps identical with example 1, and the height to the cylindrical segment top is 86.3m thus bottom the reaction medium.The top of cylindrical segment and bottom are equipped with 2: 1 oval heads, and the whole height of reaction vessel is very high, are about 88.0m.The horizontal distribution device assembly that uses design to be used on the transverse cross-sectional area of the inner sides of radius that is positioned at 0.45* (interior diameter), providing charging uniformly basically to discharge, once more with charging near the reaction medium bottom 2 meters highly punish and be distributed within the reaction vessel.Also by to oxidant inlet sparger feeding air similar shown in Figure 12-15, and all oxidant inlet is positioned under the following TL of cylindrical segment.Reflux solvent stream is as drop all distributing on the transverse cross-sectional area basically in the abscission zone.
The H that keeps reaction medium: W ratio is approximately equal to embodiment 1, and operation highly is about 67.8m of reaction medium thus.Stay the disengaging height that about 18.5m in the cylindrical segment adds about 1.6m in the upper top oval head like this.This breaks away from highly excessive about 10m.Thus, enlarge the container with constant L: D produced the too expensive mechanical arrangements of investment (for example, be used for pressurized vessel, for because the foundation of quality and wind load, for structure iron, for technology and facility pipeline and/or the excessive cost that connects up for equipment and electronics).
The volume that reaction medium occupies is about 2200 cubic metres, and reaction vessel contains the 1100000kg slurry of having an appointment.Stock quality is about 22 hours with the ratio of right-dimethylbenzene feeding rate, significantly increases with respect to embodiment 1.When empty response intensity only for every cubic metre of about 22kg of reaction medium per hour right-the dimethylbenzene charging, significantly reduce with respect to embodiment 1.The reaction medium bottom is about 0.33 MPa with the pressure reduction that leaves the cat head waste gas of reaction vessel, significantly increases with respect to embodiment 1.The upright surface area that contacts with reaction medium is about 1393 square metres, and it is about 3.18*Wmin*H.The volume of reaction medium is about 1.58m with the ratio of the upright surface area of contact reacts medium, significantly increases with respect to embodiment 1.
Thus, enlarge the reaction medium size to keep superfacial velocity and H between this embodiment and the embodiment 1: the two approximately constant of W ratio has produced greatly in reaction conditions and has changed.Generally speaking, these variations are very disadvantageous.Exist among this embodiment the by product that still less do not expect, colour developing that causes each CTA of unit to generate positive effect (for example, the more oxidable compound of weaker concn, for the low demand of the per unit volume rate of mass transfer of molecular oxygen from the gas phase to the liquid phase, or the like).But existence and decompose acetate and is supplied with the serious economical load relevant with energy of the required pressure of bubble tower reaction container bottom with air.No matter when service temperature and liquid phase are formed when keeping approximately constant and right when giving-dimethylbenzene charging excess molecular oxygen, the acetate decomposition approx with reaction medium in quality of acetic acid become ratio.Because with respect to the CTA amount that this embodiment generates, the quality of acetate is bigger in the reaction vessel, estimate that the decomposition of acetate is elevated to the about 0.09kg of CTA that every kg generates.In addition, air compressor must be fed to air in the reaction medium that pressure equals 0.85 MPa gauge pressure in this embodiment, but the pressure of feed is 0.64 MPa gauge pressure among the embodiment 1.For the gas feed speed of 245000kg per hour with have and allow various compressions and feed effect usually, the additional energy demand for higher feed pressure among this embodiment is about 3000 kilowatts, and is continuously.Thus, although the CTA quality of expection is good, adopt the superficial gas velocity and the H of approximately constant: the reaction medium that W ratio amplifies this embodiment provides unacceptable economy.
The method that response intensity amplified embodiment 1 when this embodiment used superfacial velocity and sky.This causes product quality poor, in brief, because the natural convection pattern vertically produces the response curve of difference inherently.
In this embodiment, right-dimethylbenzene feeding rate is 7 times of feeding rates among the embodiment 1 for 49000kg-per hour also.Superficial gas velocity also keeps being approximately equal to embodiment 1, but L: D and H: and W ratio does not keep equal.But STR keeps being approximately equal to embodiment 1.This provides the tower bottom pressure and the acetate that are approximately equal to embodiment 1 to decompose ratio.Increase other incoming flow by 7: 1 same ratio to embodiment 1.Identical among feed composition and the embodiment 1, water, cobalt, bromine and the manganese identical with concentration among the embodiment 1 is provided within the reaction medium liquid phase.The working pressure of reaction vessel overhead gas also is 0.52 MPa gauge pressure, and near the service temperature of measuring the middle part height of reaction medium also is about 160 ℃.Use outside degassing container highly to locate from the reaction vessel sidewall, to discharge the reaction medium that comprises CTA at 15m with steady rate.
This bubble tower reaction vessel comprises that interior diameter equals the vertical cylindrical segment of 6.46m, and the superfacial velocity that keeps gas phase is with respect to embodiment 1 and 2 approximately constants.In order to keep STR identical with embodiment 1, operation becomes the reaction medium of about 26.1m highly a little.The following TL of cylindrical segment is 32m to the height of last TL, and is identical with embodiment 1 and provide about identical break away from height apart from liquid level (free board) between reaction medium top and overhead gas outlet.The top of cylindrical segment and bottom are equipped with 2: 1 oval heads.The reaction medium bottom is about 33.6m to the height at cylindrical segment top, and the whole height of reaction vessel is about 35.2m.Usage level sparger assembly, it is designed to provide on the transverse cross-sectional area of the inner sides of radius that is positioned at 0.45* (interior diameter) charging to discharge uniformly basically, once more with charging near the reaction medium bottom 2 meters highly punish and be distributed within the reaction vessel.Also by to oxidant inlet sparger feeding air similar shown in Figure 12-15, and all oxidant inlet is positioned under the following TL of cylindrical segment.Reflux solvent stream distributes on the golden cross section zone of abscission zone basically as drop.
The H of reaction medium: W ratio significantly is reduced to 4.0.The L of reaction vessel: D ratio significantly is reduced to 5.2.The volume that reaction medium occupies is about 828 cubic metres, and reaction vessel contains the 410000kg slurry of having an appointment.Stock quality is about 8.3 hours with the ratio of right-dimethylbenzene feeding rate.STR for every cubic metre of about 59kg of reaction medium per hour right-the dimethylbenzene charging.The reaction medium bottom is about 0.13 MPa with the pressure reduction that leaves the cat head waste gas of reaction vessel.The upright surface area that contacts with reaction medium is about 546 square metres, and it is about 3.24*Wmin*H.The volume of reaction medium is about 1.52m with the ratio of the upright surface area of contact reacts medium.Under the condition of this embodiment, the decomposition of acetate is by the lower level that desirably returns to embodiment 1 in the response estimator medium, and the CTA that every kg generates is similar to 0.03kg.
But, the reaction vessel that adopts among this embodiment than major diameter and corresponding less H: W ratio causes the change do not expected very much in velocity of flow within the reaction medium, mixing and the classification.This causes the remarkable increase of the loss of right in the cat head waste gas-dimethylbenzene and formation that do not expect, the colour developing by product.In brief, even when superfacial velocity keeps constant, the axial flow velocity that is produced by natural convection power increases greatlyyer in the bubble tower of larger diameter.Calculate and use proprietary database by the method that comes from Gas-Liquid Recirculation Model of Gupta, the average upward velocity of maximum time of gas phase is about 3.9m/s near the height of reaction medium middle part.By similar calculating, the average upward velocity of maximum time of slurry is about 2.2m/s near the height of reaction medium middle part.By similar calculating, the on average downward speed of maximum time of slurry is about 2.3m/s near the outer ring surface the height of reaction medium middle part.
Because the height change of reaction medium is little between this embodiment and the embodiment 1, mixing time significantly reduces with respect to embodiment 1 so the time average vertical speed of these increases causes among this embodiment end to end.The quantity of the right-dimethylbenzene that moves to container top before the generation oxidation increases undesirably like this.The productive rate that causes like this leaving the right-dimethylbenzene at reaction vessel top with waste gas loses undesirably, and it changes in more close reactor head greatlyyer to dissolved molecular oxygen demand, relatively is consumed in gas phase in the molar fraction of this molecular oxygen.In addition, cause more and bigger gas phase bubble natural buoyancy against them in gravity field to be drawn downwards in the downward speed of slurry time average that in the zone of wall of container, increases in this embodiment.The recirculation that causes part to consume the gas phase of molecular oxygen like this increases undesirably, itself so that cause the acquired reduction of dissolved oxygen in these zones.Except other effect, the dissolved oxygen that reduces in a plurality of parts of this reaction medium is acquired to cause by product that do not expect among this embodiment, colour developing significantly to increase with respect to the formation ratio of embodiment 1, and the level of the by product of this that do not expect, colour developing raises and causes this product not to be suitable for multiple application among the PET.
Thus, embodiment 2 and 3 has confirmed that prior art mainly adopts superficial gas velocity (Ug), L: the average space hour velocity (STR) of D ratio and reaction designs the weak point of extensive oxidation bubble tower.
Among this embodiment, the parts that contain pressure of bubble tower reaction vessel are identical with embodiment 3, but within reaction medium, increase upright surface to give vertical towing, set up the reaction graded characteristics that more is similar to embodiment 1 thus, recover product quality and right-dimethylbenzene productive rate thus, but do not increase the decomposition ratio of acetate as in Example 2.
Right-dimethylbenzene feeding rate is 7 times of feeding rates among the embodiment 1 for 49000kg-per hour also.Increase other incoming flow by 7: 1 same ratio to embodiment 1.Identical among feed composition and the embodiment 1, water, cobalt, bromine and the manganese identical with concentration among the embodiment 1 is provided within the reaction medium liquid phase.The working pressure of reaction vessel overhead gas also is 0.52 MPa gauge pressure, and near the service temperature the middle part height of reaction medium also is about 160 ℃.Use outside degassing container highly to locate from the reaction vessel sidewall, to discharge the reaction medium that comprises CTA at 15m with steady rate.
This bubble tower reaction vessel comprises that interior diameter equals the vertical cylindrical segment of 6.46m.The following TL of cylindrical segment is 32m to the height of last TL, and operation highly is the reaction medium of about 26.3m.The top of cylindrical segment and bottom are equipped with 2: 1 oval heads.The reaction medium bottom is about 33.6m to the height at cylindrical segment top, and the whole height of reaction vessel is about 35.2m.Use design that the horizontal distribution device assembly that provides charging to discharge uniformly basically on the transverse cross-sectional area of the inner sides of radius that is positioned at 0.45* (interior diameter) is provided, once more with charging near the reaction medium bottom 2 meters highly punish and be distributed within the reaction vessel.Also by to oxidant inlet sparger feeding air similar shown in Figure 12-15, and all oxidant inlet is positioned under the following TL of cylindrical segment.Reflux solvent stream is as drop all distributing on the transverse cross-sectional area basically in the abscission zone.
This bubble tower reaction vessel further comprises two orthogonal planes, and their interlacing line is consistent with the vertical axis of symmetry of cylindrical segment.These planes comprise and the metal sheet that is used for reaction vessel cylindrical segment same type and surface finish expediently.The 3m lower height place of each plane on following TL begins and extends upward 20m.These two planes flatly extend to the wall (that is, width separately equals interior diameter) of cylindrical segment separately basically from start to finish and support from cylindrical segment.Design this planar thickness and support to withstand in routine and to be subjected to contingent various power under the interferential operational condition.Because the volume that occupies of metal sheet upwards is adjusted to 26.3m on the reaction medium bottom so will operate highly a little, the identical STR of maintenance and embodiment 1 thus.
Thus, in this embodiment, for the reaction medium total height of 20m, reaction medium is subdivided into the inferior volume of 4 equivalent size and shape.These 4 inferior volumes all communicate with each other up and down on described plane.Distribute uniformly because oxygenant is relative with right-dimethylbenzene charging under the planar lower end, so each of these 4 inferior volumes has similar gas phase superfacial velocity and similar response intensity characteristic.These 4 inferior volumes it is contemplated that and are 4 reduced size bubble tower reaction vessels within the housing that is similar to a container that contains pressure.
The H of reaction medium: W ratio is 4.1.The L of reaction vessel: D ratio is 5.2.The volume that reaction medium occupies is about 828 cubic metres, and reaction vessel contains the 410000kg slurry of having an appointment.Stock quality is about 8.3 hours with the ratio of right-dimethylbenzene feeding rate.STR for every cubic metre of about 59kg of reaction medium per hour right-the dimethylbenzene charging.The reaction medium bottom is about 0.13 MPa with the pressure reduction that leaves the cat head waste gas of reaction vessel.The upright surface area that contacts with reaction medium is about 1066 square metres, and it is about 6.29*Wmin*H.The volume of reaction medium is about 0.78m with the ratio of the upright surface area of contact reacts medium.This numerical value is the intermediate value between embodiment 1 and 3, and it usefully is positioned at more close embodiment 1.Under the condition of this embodiment, the decomposition of acetate desirably returns to the lower level of embodiment 1 in the response estimator medium, the approximate 0.03kg of the CTA that every kg generates.
Among this embodiment the maximum time of gas phase and slurry on average up and down speed reduce with respect to embodiment 3.In the vertical property of right-dimethylbenzene, provide useful improvement like this, and it causes, and the acquired of dissolved oxygen is improved near the liquid phase of upright wall surface.Simultaneously, when comparing with embodiment 3, these variations have improved right-dimethylbenzene productive rate and the formation that has reduced by product that do not expect, colour developing among this embodiment.
Among this embodiment, the parts that contain pressure of reaction vessel are identical with embodiment 3, but the traverse baffle parts of non-scaling within reaction medium, have been increased, set up the reaction graded characteristics that more is similar to embodiment 1 thus again, recover product quality and right-dimethylbenzene productive rate thus, but do not increase the decomposition ratio of acetate as in Example 2.
Right-dimethylbenzene feeding rate is 7 times of feeding rates among the embodiment 1 for 49000kg-per hour also.Increase other incoming flow by identical 7: 1 ratios to embodiment 1.Identical among feed composition and the embodiment 1, water, cobalt, bromine and the manganese identical with concentration among the embodiment 1 is provided within the reaction medium liquid phase.The working pressure of reaction vessel overhead gas also is 0.52 MPa gauge pressure, and near the service temperature the middle part height of reaction medium also is about 160 ℃.Use outside degassing container highly to locate from the reaction vessel sidewall, to discharge the reaction medium that comprises CTA at 15m with steady rate.
This bubble tower reaction vessel comprises that interior diameter equals the vertical cylindrical segment of 6.46m.The following TL of cylindrical segment is 32m to the height of last TL, and operation highly is about 26.1m of reaction medium.The top of cylindrical segment and bottom are equipped with 2: 1 oval heads.The reaction medium bottom is about 33.6m to the height at cylindrical segment top, and the whole height of reaction vessel is about 35.2m.Use design that the horizontal distribution device assembly that provides charging to discharge uniformly basically on the transverse cross-sectional area of the inner sides of radius that is positioned at 0.45* (interior diameter) is provided, once more with charging near the reaction medium bottom 2 meters highly punish and be distributed within the reaction vessel.Also by to oxidant inlet sparger feeding air similar shown in Figure 12-15, and all oxidant inlet is positioned under the following TL of cylindrical segment.Reflux solvent stream is as drop all distributing on the transverse cross-sectional area basically in the abscission zone.
This bubble tower reaction vessel further comprises the horizontal baffling board component that 12m highly locates on the following TL that is arranged in the bubble tower reaction vessel.Like this this traverse baffle assembly is placed on about 13.6m or 2.1*D place on the reaction medium bottom.This traverse baffle assembly comprises 15 independent traverse baffle parts.Each traverse baffle parts is made up of L-section bar extruding or assembling, and wherein two of the L-section bar legs are that the angle between 0.15 meter wide and two legs is 90 to spend.This L-section bar is all horizontal, parallel to each other, and the angle and is positioned at equal height up.Two distal edge of each L-section bar are lower than angle up all at equal height.When at one end observing, each parts is shown as inverse V-shape.Thus, the per-cent that comprises the traverse baffle assembly on up plane (tilting less than 5 degree from horizontal plane) is zero effectively.Gap between the limit, lower end of each parts and its adjacent component is generally 0.21m.The length of long parts equals the interior diameter of cylindrical vessel effectively, is diametric(al) and extends in container from the wall to the wall.The length of other 14 independent traverse baffle parts all must be shorter.All the traverse baffle parts are by extending to cylindrical wall from start to finish and being connected thereto and supporting at every end.Thus, the port area at the height place of traverse baffle assembly is about 16 square metres, and it highly locates about 50% of reaction vessel cross-sectional area for this.Design the various power of these traverse baffle parts to withstand in routine and to be subjected to occur under the interferential operational condition.These parts are made of the metal identical with used piping element in the gas sprayer assembly, suitably select this metal with anticorrosive and erosion.But, 125RMS or better surface finish are arrived in the surface finish of these traverse baffle parts.Although per hour precipitate about 76000kgCTA, the inexcessive fouling of this traverse baffle assembly or the bulk solid that comes off within the reaction vessel.
The H of reaction medium: W ratio is 4.0.The L of reaction vessel: D ratio is 5.2.The volume that reaction medium occupies is about 828 cubic metres, and reaction vessel contains the 410000kg slurry of having an appointment.Stock quality is about 8.3 hours with the ratio of right-dimethylbenzene feeding rate.STR for every cubic metre of about 59kg of reaction medium per hour right-the dimethylbenzene charging.The reaction medium bottom is about 0.13 MPa with the pressure reduction that leaves the cat head waste gas of reaction vessel.The upright surface area that contacts with reaction medium is about 546 square metres, and it is about 3.24*Wmin*H.The volume of reaction medium is about 1.52m with the ratio of the upright surface area of contact reacts medium.Under the condition of this embodiment, the decomposition of acetate desirably returns to the lower level of embodiment 1 in the response estimator medium, the approximate 0.03kg of the CTA that every kg generates.
The effect of horizontal baffling board component is the vertical speed that upsets gas phase and slurry within the reaction vessel.Delayed the process of right-dimethylbenzene like this, caused the useful reduction of right in the cat head waste gas-dimethylbenzene loss of yield to the reaction medium upper surface.In addition, the classification of molecular oxygen and oxidable compound is improved, the reduction that provides by product that do not expect, colour developing to form with respect to embodiment 3 among this embodiment.
In this embodiment, the design reaction vessel is used for according to high gas superficial velocity of the present invention and gas hold up value.Use less D can make L: D ratio is higher, does not take too high reaction vessel and does not cause the excessive decomposition of acetic acid solvent.
Right-dimethylbenzene feeding rate also per hour is 49000kg-7 times for feeding rate among the embodiment 1.Increase other incoming flow by 7: 1 same ratio to embodiment 1.Identical among feed composition and the embodiment 1, water, cobalt, bromine and the manganese identical with concentration among the embodiment 1 is provided within the reaction medium liquid phase.The working pressure of reaction vessel overhead gas also is 0.52 MPa gauge pressure, and near the service temperature of measuring the middle part height of reaction medium also is about 160 ℃.Use outside degassing container highly to locate from reactor appearance sidewall, to discharge the reaction medium that comprises CTA at 28m with steady rate.
This bubble tower reaction vessel comprises that interior diameter equals the vertical cylindrical segment of 5.00m.The following TL of cylindrical segment is 70m to the height of last TL.The top of cylindrical segment and bottom are equipped with 2: 1 oval heads.The reaction medium bottom is about 71.3m to the height at cylindrical segment top, and the whole height of reaction vessel is about 72.5m.Operation highly is about 61.3m on the reaction medium bottom.Use design that the horizontal distribution device assembly that provides charging evenly to discharge basically on the transverse cross-sectional area of the inner sides of radius that is positioned at 0.45* (interior diameter) is provided, once more with charging near the reaction medium bottom 2 meters highly punish and be distributed within the reaction vessel.Also by to oxidant inlet sparger feeding air similar shown in Figure 12-15, and all oxidant inlet is positioned under the following TL of cylindrical segment.Reflux solvent stream is as drop all distributing on the transverse cross-sectional area basically in the abscission zone.
The H of reaction medium: W is 12.3 than standard.The L of reaction vessel: D ratio is 14.3.The volume that reaction medium occupies is about 1190 cubic metres, and reaction vessel contains the 420000kg slurry of having an appointment.Stock quality is about 8.7 hours with the ratio of right-dimethylbenzene feeding rate.STR for every cubic metre of about 41kg of reaction medium per hour right-the dimethylbenzene charging.The reaction medium bottom is about 0.21 MPa with the pressure reduction that leaves the cat head waste gas of reaction vessel.The upright surface area that contacts with reaction medium is about 975 square metres, and it is about 3.18*Wmin*H.The volume of reaction medium is about 1.22m with the ratio of the upright surface area of contact reacts medium.The D of relatively small number value highly locates about 1.7 times for used superfacial velocity among the embodiment 1 to embodiment 5 of the gas phase superfacial velocity that produces at the middle part of reaction medium.Highly the gas hold up at place surpasses 0.6 at the reaction medium middle part.Under the condition of embodiment 6, the decomposition of acetate desirably drops to 0.03kg among the CTA that is lower than every kg generation in the response estimator medium.This is because slurry, the more particularly content reduction of acetate in embodiment 3 reaction vessels.
In this embodiment, H: W ratio helps reducing the useful classification of mixing end to end and molecular oxygen and oxidable compound.But axial velocity is higher than embodiment 1, for given H: promoted the W to mix end to end.Fortunately, lower STR has reduced for the volume requirements of molecular oxygen from the gas transfer to liquid; And the gas hold up that increases is used to increase with the ability of molecular oxygen from the gas transfer to liquid.The production level of byproduct that generally speaking, do not expect, colour developing estimates to be comparable to embodiment 1.
In this embodiment, the design reaction vessel is used for according to still higher gas superficial velocity of the present invention and gas hold up value.Carrying secretly of slurry in the cat head waste gas limited in the abscission zone, top of use amplifying.
Right-dimethylbenzene feeding rate is 7 times of feeding rates among the embodiment 1 for 49000kg-per hour also.Increase other incoming flow by identical 7: 1 ratios to embodiment 1.Identical among feed composition and the embodiment 1, water, cobalt, bromine and the manganese identical with concentration among the embodiment 1 is provided within the reaction medium liquid phase.The working pressure of reaction vessel overhead gas also is 0.52 MPa gauge pressure, and near the service temperature of measuring the middle part height of reaction medium also is about 160 ℃.Use outside degassing container highly to locate from the reaction vessel sidewall, to discharge the reaction medium that comprises CTA at 28m with steady rate.
This bubble tower reaction vessel comprises that interior diameter equals the vertical cylindrical segment of 4.60m.The following TL of cylindrical segment is 60m to the height of upper end.In the upper end of this cylindrical segment, conical section fork expands the 2m that will highly raise simultaneously to 7m with interior diameter.The gradient of this cone-shaped wall is about 31 degree of offset from perpendicular thus.Be positioned on this conical section top is that interior diameter is that the cylindrical gas of 7m breaks away from section.The height of this top cylindrical segment is 7 meters.This container is equipped with 2: 1 oval heads at top and bottom.Thus, the total height of reaction vessel is about 71.9m.Operation highly be bottom the reaction medium on about 61.2m, be placed near the junction surface of the conical section that cylinder-shaped body and expansion open.Use design that the horizontal distribution device assembly that provides charging evenly to discharge basically on the transverse cross-sectional area of the inner sides of radius that is positioned at 0.45* (interior diameter) is provided, once more charging is being distributed within the reaction vessel near 2 meters height near the reaction medium bottom.Also by to oxidant inlet sparger feeding air similar shown in Figure 12-15, and all oxidant inlet is positioned under the following TL of cylindrical hypomere.Reflux solvent stream all distributes on the transverse cross-sectional area basically as the abscission zone of drop in expansion.
The H of reaction medium: the L of W ratio and reaction vessel: D ratio is 13.3.The X of reaction vessel: D ratio is 1.5.The L of reaction vessel: Y-ratio is 5.7.The volume that reaction medium occupies is about 1000 cubic metres, and reaction vessel contains the 320000kg slurry of having an appointment.Stock quality is about 6.5 hours with the ratio of right-dimethylbenzene feeding rate.STR for every cubic metre of about 49kg of reaction medium per hour right-the dimethylbenzene charging.The reaction medium bottom is about 0.19 MPa with the pressure reduction that leaves the cat head waste gas of reaction vessel.The upright surface area that contacts with reaction medium is about 896 square metres, and it is about 3.19*Wmin*H.The volume of reaction medium is about 1.12m with the ratio of the upright surface area of contact reacts medium.The D of relatively small number value highly locates about 2 times for used superfacial velocity among the embodiment 1 to embodiment 5 of the gas phase superfacial velocity that produces at the middle part of reaction medium.But the superfacial velocity of gas phase is reduced to into used superfacial velocity among the embodiment 1 to embodiment 5 about 0.85 times in the disengaging section of this expansion.Highly the gas hold up at place is about 0.7 at the reaction medium middle part.Under the condition of this embodiment, the decomposition of acetate drops to desirably that to be lower than the CTA that corresponding every kg generates be 0.03kg in the response estimator medium.This is because slurry, the more particularly content reduction of acetate in embodiment 3 reaction vessels.Because improved classification and higher gas hold up, the level of the colour developing by product that estimation is not expected is lower than the level among the embodiment 6.
In this embodiment, reaction vessel is identical with embodiment 7, but operation highly is elevated to about 63.2m on the reaction medium bottom, is placed near the junction surface of gas-disengaging cylindrical segment of conical section that expansion opens and expansion.Provide various advantages with described height being controlled at compare in the cylinder-shaped body section like this, comprised and reduce foaming of reaction medium top and too poor round-robin trend.
Right-dimethylbenzene feeding rate is 7 times of feeding rates among the embodiment 1 for 49000kg-per hour also.Increase other incoming flow by 7: 1 same ratio to embodiment 1.Identical among feed composition and the embodiment 1, water, cobalt, bromine and the manganese identical with concentration among the embodiment 1 is provided within the reaction medium liquid phase.The working pressure of reaction vessel overhead gas also is 0.52 MPa gauge pressure, and near the service temperature of measuring the middle part height of reaction medium also is about 160 ℃.Use outside degassing container highly to locate from the reaction vessel sidewall, to discharge the reaction medium that comprises CTA at 28m with steady rate.
The H of reaction medium: W ratio is about 13.7 and the L of reaction vessel: D ratio is 1 3.3.The volume that reaction medium occupies is about 1060 cubic metres, and reaction vessel contains the 330000kg slurry of having an appointment.Stock quality is about 6.8 hours with the ratio of right-dimethylbenzene feeding rate.STR for every cubic metre of about 46kg of reaction medium per hour right-the dimethylbenzene charging.The reaction medium bottom is about 0.20 MPa with the pressure reduction that leaves the cat head waste gas of reaction vessel.The upright surface area that contacts with reaction medium is about 953 square metres, and it is about 3.39*Wmin*H.The volume of reaction medium is about 1.11m with the ratio of the upright surface area of contact reacts medium.The gas phase superfacial velocity of highly locating at the middle part of reaction medium is about 2 times of used superfacial velocity among the embodiment 1 to embodiment 5.Highly the gas hold up at place is about 0.7 at the reaction medium middle part.Under the condition of this embodiment, the decomposition of acetate desirably drops among the CTA that every kg generates and is lower than 0.03kg in the response estimator medium.This be because in embodiment 3 reaction vessels slurry, more particularly the content of acetate has reduced.Because improved classification and higher gas hold up, the level of the colour developing by product that estimation is not expected is lower than the level among the embodiment 6.
Among this embodiment, the element that contains pressure of reaction vessel is identical with embodiment 7, but has importantly improved the inner member that is used to introduce oxygenant and right-dimethylbenzene, thus it is provided separately the inlet of a plurality of perpendicular separations.
Right-dimethylbenzene feeding rate is 7 times of feeding rates among the embodiment 1 for 49000kg-per hour also.Increase other incoming flow by 7: 1 same ratio to embodiment 1.Identical among feed composition and the embodiment 1, water, cobalt, bromine and the manganese identical with concentration among the embodiment 1 is provided within the reaction medium liquid phase.The working pressure of reaction vessel overhead gas also is 0.52 MPa gauge pressure, and near the service temperature of measuring the middle part height of reaction medium also is about 160 ℃.Use outside degassing container highly to locate from the reaction vessel sidewall, to discharge the reaction medium that comprises CTA at 28m with steady rate.
This bubble tower reaction vessel comprises the oxidant sparger in the bottom cover of the reaction vessel identical with embodiment 8.But, have only whole gaseous oxidizing agent logistics of 70% by the introducing of this time sparger.Other 30% gaseous oxidizing agent is introduced by high-order oxidant inlet sparger.Force to realize this stream ratio by the flow control loop that is positioned at control valve on the service that is used for the pressurized gas outside the reaction vessel and flow transmitter easily of use.This high position oxidant sparger comprises level, mitered, foursquare flow-catheter, but not in following oval head used octagon conduit.This square conduit comprises the Schedule 10S tubing of 14 inches of nominals expediently.The spacing of one side barycenter and opposite side barycenter is 1m.This high position oxidant sparger comprises about 60 gaseous oxidizing agent release aperture, diameter be 0.03m and on reaction medium bottom bottom the conduit at about 14m place near.This high position oxidant sparger plays at least two useful functions.Inject the oxidant stream of reaction medium at first, downwards and upset the axial flow velocity characteristic that rises along the vertical axis of symmetry of cylindrical segment.Forced so useful waterpower baffling right to slow down-dimethylbenzene is diffused in the upper area of reaction medium, its with cat head loss of yield and upper area in reduce relevant for the demand of dissolved oxygen.Running up along symmetrical axis, but the waterpower baffling is still effective with himself reorganization for several meters on this high position oxidant inlet, natural convection pattern.Secondly, a large amount of reaction heat are removed from reaction medium by the evaporation of solvent, and most this evaporation occurs near the oxidant feed position.By vertically separating the position of introducing part gaseous oxidizing agent stream, regulated the vertical property of temperature in the reaction medium.
This bubble tower reaction vessel comprises the right-dimethylbenzene inlet sparger of two similar embodiment 8.The location is by following right-dimethylbenzene inlet sparger, and the release uniformly basically of 50% liquid phase feeding is provided on the transverse cross-sectional area of the inner sides of radius of the 0.45* of lower height place (interior diameter) of 2m on being positioned at bottom the reaction medium thus.The location provides discharging uniformly basically of 50% liquid phase feeding thus by last right-dimethylbenzene inlet sparger on the transverse cross-sectional area that is positioned at the 0.45* of high height place (interior diameter) inner sides of radius of 10m on the reaction medium bottom.Force to realize this stream ratio by the flow control loop that is positioned at control valve on the service that is used for the liquid phase feeding outside the reaction vessel and flow transmitter easily of use.
Among this embodiment, operation highly is elevated to about 63.7m on the reaction medium bottom, is placed on just on the conical section that expansion is opened and among the gas-disengaging cylindrical segment of expansion.The H of reaction medium: W ratio is about 13.8 and the L of reaction vessel: D ratio is 13.3.The volume that reaction medium occupies is about 1070 cubic metres, and reaction vessel contains the 340000kg slurry of having an appointment.Stock quality is about 6.9 hours with the ratio of right-dimethylbenzene feeding rate.STR for every cubic metre of about 46kg of reaction medium per hour right-the dimethylbenzene charging.The reaction medium bottom is about 0.20 MPa with the pressure reduction that leaves the cat head waste gas of reaction vessel.The upright surface area that contacts with reaction medium is about 975 square metres, and it is about 3.47*Wmin*H.The volume of reaction medium is about 1.10m with the ratio of the upright surface area of contact reacts medium.Gas phase superfacial velocity about 2 times for used superfacial velocity among the embodiment 1 to embodiment 5 are highly located at the middle part of reaction medium.
In this embodiment, the design reaction vessel, it has three different cylindrical diameters, wherein intermediate altitude diameter minimums at three different heights.This being configured with benefits down cylindrical segment, and wherein liquid feeding logistics and gaseous oxidizing agent at first enter, and has the liquid phase of the relatively large quality of the initial dilution that is used for right-dimethylbenzene and reaction, and wherein oxygen is still more abundant; The intermediate cylindrical section, wherein molecular oxygen is consumed with increasing gradually, has relatively large gas hold up and solution-air rate of mass transfer; And last cylindrical segment, it is gas-abscission zone, has gas phase velocity the carrying secretly with slurry in the restriction cat head waste gas of relative reduction.
Right-dimethylbenzene feeding rate is 7 times of feeding rates among the embodiment 1 for 49000kg-per hour also.Increase other incoming flow by 7: 1 same ratio to embodiment 1.Identical among feed composition and the embodiment 1, water, cobalt, bromine and the manganese identical with concentration among the embodiment 1 is provided within the reaction medium liquid phase.The working pressure of reaction vessel overhead gas also is 0.52 MPa gauge pressure, and near the service temperature of measuring the middle part height of reaction medium also is about 160 ℃.Use outside degassing container highly to locate from the reaction vessel sidewall, to discharge the reaction medium that comprises CTA at 28m with steady rate.
This bubble tower comprises the cylindrical segment of three vertical, different diameters. the interior diameter of nethermost cylindrical segment is 6.46m, makes the superfacial velocity of gas phase in this section be approximately equal to the superfacial velocity of embodiment 1.The height of this time cylindrical segment from following TL to the upper end is 8m.In the upper end of this time cylindrical segment, conical section converges to interior diameter 4.5m simultaneous altitude rising 1m.The gradient of this cone-shaped wall is for departing from about 44 degree in vertical aspect thus.On this time conical section, the interior diameter of intermediate cylindrical section is 4.5m, makes useless for superfacial velocity in the bottom cylindrical segment about 2 times of the apparent speed of gas phase in this section.The height of this intermediate cylindrical section is 45m.In the upper end of this intermediate cylindrical section, interior diameter 7m simultaneous altitude rising 2m is reached in the conical section expansion.The gradient of this cone-shaped wall is about 32 degree of offset from perpendicular thus.On this, be that interior diameter is gas-disengaging cylindrical segment of 7m on the conical expansion section of opening.The height that should go up cylindrical segment is 7m.This container is equipped with 2: 1 oval heads at top and bottom.Thus, the total height of this reaction vessel is about 66.4m.Operation highly be bottom the reaction medium on about 57.6m, be placed near the junction surface of conical section that expansion opens and last cylindrical segment.Use design that the horizontal distribution device assembly that provides charging to discharge uniformly basically on the transverse cross-sectional area of the inner sides of radius that is positioned at 0.45* (interior diameter) is provided, once more charging is being distributed within the reaction vessel near 2 meters height near the reaction medium bottom.Also by to oxidant inlet sparger feeding air similar shown in Figure 12-15, and all oxidant inlet is positioned under the following TL of bottom cylindrical segment.Reflux solvent is as drop all distributing on the transverse cross-sectional area basically at the top cylindrical segment.
The volume that reaction medium occupies is about 1080 cubic metres, and reaction vessel contains the 400000kg slurry of having an appointment.Stock quality is about 8.1 hours with the ratio of right-dimethylbenzene feeding rate.STR for every cubic metre of about 45kg of reaction medium per hour right-the dimethylbenzene charging.The reaction medium bottom is about 0.20 MPa with the pressure reduction that leaves the cat head waste gas of reaction vessel.The upright surface area that contacts with reaction medium is about 944 square metres, and it is about 3.64*Wmin*H and about 2.34*Wmax*H.The upright surperficial face of the volume of reaction medium and contact reacts medium and ratio be about 1.14m.L
1: D
1Ratio be about 1.5: 1.L
u: D
uRatio be about 10: 1.L
1: D
uRatio be about 0.21: 1.X: D
1Ratio be about 1.1: 1.L
u: the ratio of Y is about 4.2: 1.L
1: D
1Ratio be about 0.15: 1.
This reactor bottom than major diameter be used for charging right-provide big stock quality near the introducing district of dimethylbenzene, liquid-flow and to mix for the charging dilution is provided be very important to avoid aromatic impurities coupling, colour developing wherein.In addition, this bigger diameter places bigger fractional reaction medium from the more major part of top slurry presses under (head pressure), has promoted oxygen partial pressure and the molecular oxygen mass transfer from gas to liquid.More minor diameter, elongated intermediate cylindrical section provide reactant classification and high gas hold up; Improved like this for the coupling of the reaction requirement of dissolved oxygen with mass transfer supply from the gas phase that rises, wherein oxygen is consumed and its dividing potential drop reduction with increasing gradually.
The present invention is described in particular with reference to its preferred embodiment, still will be appreciated that within the spirit and scope of the present invention and can realize various variations and change.
Claims (31)
1. method, it comprises: oxidation is contained in the oxidable compound in the reaction medium liquid phase that stirs in the initial reactor, and wherein said reaction medium has the gas hold up at least about 0.6, based on time average and volume averaging basis.
2. the process of claim 1 wherein that described reaction medium comprises the solid at least about 3 weight %, based on time average and volume averaging basis.
3. the method for claim 1, wherein said reactor is a bubbling column reactor, wherein said reaction medium has the gas hold up of 0.65-0.85, based on time average and volume averaging basis, wherein said reaction medium comprises the solid of about 5 weight % to about 40 weight %, based on time average and volume averaging basis.
4. the process of claim 1 wherein that the time average superfacial velocity of the described reaction medium gas phase that described reaction medium half is highly located is that about 0.8 meter per second is to about 5 meter per seconds.
5. the process of claim 1 wherein that described oxidable compound is an aromatic substance.
6. the process of claim 1 wherein described oxidable compound be selected from right-dimethylbenzene ,-dimethylbenzene, right-toluic aldehyde ,-toluic aldehyde, right-toluic acid ,-two or more combination of toluic acid, acetaldehyde and its.
7. the process of claim 1 wherein that described oxidable compound is right-dimethylbenzene.
8. the process of claim 1 wherein that described reaction medium is the phase reaction medium.
9. the process of claim 1 wherein that described oxidation causes in described reaction medium forms solid.
10. the process of claim 1 wherein that described oxidation causes that the described oxidable compound at least about 10 weight % forms solid in described reaction medium.
11. the process of claim 1 wherein that described initial reactor is a bubbling column reactor.
12. the method for claim 11, wherein said oxidable compound comprises right-dimethylbenzene.
13. the process of claim 1 wherein that described oxidation carries out in the presence of the catalyst system that contains cobalt.
14. the method for claim 13, wherein said catalyst system also contains bromine and manganese.
15. the process of claim 1 wherein that described reaction medium has maximum height (H), maximum width (W) and at least about 3: 1 H: the W ratio.
16. the method for claim 15, wherein said H: W ratio is about 8: 1 to about 20: 1.
17. the method for claim 15, wherein said method also comprise the oxidant stream that is mainly gas phase that contains molecular oxygen is introduced described reaction zone.
18. the method for claim 17, wherein said oxidant stream comprises the molecular oxygen that is less than about 50 moles of %.
19. the method for claim 17, wherein most of described molecular oxygen enter the described reaction zone in the described reaction zone about 0.25W in bottom.
20. the method for claim 17, wherein most of described molecular oxygen enter the described reaction zone in the described reaction zone about 0.025H in bottom.
21. the method for claim 17, wherein said method also comprise the feed stream that contains described oxidable compound, is mainly liquid phase is introduced described reaction zone.
22. the method for claim 21, wherein said initial reactor is a bubbling column reactor.
23. the method for claim 21 wherein enters described reaction zone in about 2.5W of this extreme lower position that described molecular oxygen enters described reaction zone place at least about the described oxidable compound of 50 weight %.
24. the method for claim 21, wherein said feed stream is introduced described reaction zone via a plurality of feed openings, and wherein at least two described feed openings are perpendicular to one another at interval at least about 0.5W.
25. the method for claim 24, wherein at least two described feed openings are perpendicular to one another at interval at least about the distance of 1.5W.
26. the method for claim 21, the mode that wherein said feed stream is introduced described reaction zone makes when described reaction zone is divided into the vertical quadrant of 4 equal volume by the pair of cross vertical plane in theory, and the described oxidable compound that is no more than about 80 weight % enters the described reaction zone in the independent described vertical quadrant.
27. the method for claim 21, wherein the described reaction zone of at least a portion is limited by one or more upstanding sidewalls of described reactor, wherein the described oxidable compound at least about 25 weight % is inwardly entering described reaction zone in one or more positions of 0.05D in the interval at least from described upstanding sidewall, and wherein said reaction zone has maximum diameter (D).
28. the process of claim 1 wherein that oxidation described in the described initial reactor causes the formation of terephthalic acid in the described reaction medium, wherein said method also comprises makes the described terephthalic acid of at least a portion carry out oxidation in the secondary oxidative reactor.
29. the method for claim 28, wherein the described oxidation in described secondary oxidative reactor is being carried out under at least about 10 ℃ medial temperature than oxidation height described in the described initial reactor.
30. the method for claim 28, wherein the described oxidation in described secondary oxidative reactor is carried out under the medial temperature than high about 20 ℃ of the medial temperature of described initial reactor-Yue 80 ℃, described oxidation in the wherein said initial reactor is carried out under about 140 ℃-Yue 180 ℃ medial temperature, and the described oxidation in the wherein said secondary oxidative reactor is carried out under about 180 ℃-Yue 220 ℃ medial temperature.
31. the process of claim 1 wherein that described oxidation causes that the crude terephthalic acid particulate forms in the described reaction medium, wherein said crude terephthalic acid particulate representative sample has one or more following features:
(i) contain and be less than 4 of about 12ppmw, 4-dicarboxyl stilbene (4,4-DCS),
(ii) contain the m-phthalic acid (IPA) that is less than about 800ppmw,
(iii) contain and be less than 2 of about 100ppmw, 6-dicarboxyl Fluorenone (2,6-DCF),
(iv) has percent transmittance (%T greater than about 25 340 nanometers
340).
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| US60673204P | 2004-09-02 | 2004-09-02 | |
| US60/606,732 | 2004-09-02 | ||
| US60/631,519 | 2004-11-29 | ||
| US11/154,480 | 2005-06-16 |
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| CN101010268A true CN101010268A (en) | 2007-08-01 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113405464A (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2021-09-17 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Test device and test method for measuring length of zero-speed envelope surface of centrifugal separator |
| CN115091224A (en) * | 2022-08-05 | 2022-09-23 | 上海交通大学 | Jet flow active vibration suppression device and method for mirror image milling of thin-walled workpiece |
-
2005
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113405464A (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2021-09-17 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Test device and test method for measuring length of zero-speed envelope surface of centrifugal separator |
| CN113405464B (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2023-05-05 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Test device and test method for measuring length of zero-speed envelope surface of centrifugal separator |
| CN115091224A (en) * | 2022-08-05 | 2022-09-23 | 上海交通大学 | Jet flow active vibration suppression device and method for mirror image milling of thin-walled workpiece |
| CN115091224B (en) * | 2022-08-05 | 2024-05-10 | 上海交通大学 | Jet flow active vibration suppression device and method for mirror milling of thin-wall part |
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