CN101008678A - 3D resistivity cascaded automatic imaging method - Google Patents
3D resistivity cascaded automatic imaging method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
This invention relates to earth physical exploring technique, which is of large earth electrical magnetic exploring data 3D resistance automatic imaging method, which comprises the following steps: using regular electrical magnetic exploring method to test and record area data; adopting the exploring two electrodes direction resistance rate and phase curve for insert value and induce with each image result as next reduce base near to aim object structure imaging.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to geophysical exploration technology, is a kind of 3 D resistivity cascaded automatic imaging method of magneto-electrotelluric exploration data processing.
Background technology
Several stages has been passed through in the development of traditional magneto-electrotelluric exploration data processing imaging technique, can only do some qualitative interpretations the earliest, understand the roughly grand col general layout in basin according to sounding curve, developed the semiquantitative inverting Bostic of one dimension (being called for short BOSTIC) inversion method afterwards, can understand vertically and electrically roughly change, inverting of one dimension layered medium and the inverting of one dimension continuous medium etc. had been developed again afterwards, the layering precision has had raising, but need the input initial model, there is equivalence in inverting, multi-solution, particularly under non-stratiform the earth situation, its inversion result even the geological knowledge that can lead to errors; The two dimensional inversion formation method develops rapidly after nineteen ninety, such as two-dimensional inversion method commonly used Ao Kemu (being called for short Occam) inverting is arranged, numerous inversion methods such as quick relaxation method (being called for short RRI) inverting, make mt inversion imaging effect obtain bigger improvement, but two-dimensional analog remains approximation with respect to electric model practically, can not describe the ground electric model fully objectively, and equivalence, multi-solution are still serious, be characterized in Inversion Calculation speed piece, it is few to take computer resource.In recent years, 3-d inversion is also comparatively fast developed, but because accurate simulation can't practicability, calculator memory and speed all are difficult to satisfy the production demand.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve problems of the prior art, and a kind of 3 D resistivity cascaded automatic imaging method that can obtain the 3 D resistivity imaging results is provided.
For realizing above purpose, the invention provides following technical scheme.
Adopt common actual measurement of electromagnetic survey method and record object exploratory area data, employing is from the resistivity and the phase curve of two polarised directions of telluric electromagnetic sounding, order is carried out interpolation and inverting successively, each inversion imaging result is the basis of conduct inverting next time, approach the objective geology structure imaging of target one by one, concrete steps are:
1) adopts usual way that planar interpolation is carried out in the eyeball position and obtain regular survey grid, simultaneously the apparent resistivity and the phase place of both direction are carried out interpolation by distance inverse ratio, obtain the telluric electromagnetic sounding data volume of regular survey grid, the apparent resistivity of both direction and the averaged curve of phase place are carried out Bostick inversion, after the inverting exploratory area is set up three-dimensional model by the minimum inverting degree of depth with the three-dimensional interpolation method, at this moment, obtain exploratory area initial electrical resistivity imaging, finish interpolation and imaging for the first time;
2) with described first time interpolation be imaged as the basis, intend 3-D data volume with three-dimensional model of setting up in the step 1) and correspondent frequency territory, adopt usual way that the depth measurement data of the telluric electromagnetic sounding survey line of X-direction and Y direction are carried out fast two-dimensional and look the mould inverting, carry out relevant treatment and three-dimensional interpolation at both direction and carry out interpolation and the imaging second time;
3) the non-linear conjugated gradient 3-d inversion of regularization is adopted in imaging for the third time, at first carries out the three-dimensional approximate inversion method of electromagnetism fast, carries out accurate three-dimensional integral equation inversion method again, obtains accurate 3-d inversion imaging results.
For realizing above purpose, the present invention also provides following technical scheme.
When the fast two-dimensional described step 2) is looked the mould inverting, from shallow to making curve match gradually from the high frequency to the low frequency deeply.
Carrying out the second time of interpolation and during imaging, described three-dimensional interpolation adopts surface fitting, obtains two curved surfaces that each degree of depth simulates by the depth measurement data, and the resistivity data of each degree of depth is equivalent to a two-dimensional function, uses fitting of a polynomial.
During interpolation and imaging for the second time, carry out three-dimensional weighted mean, weighting coefficient is determined according to the exploratory area structural attitude, the survey line weighting coefficient of the survey line of vertical configuration trend and plan-parallel structure trend is respectively 0.8 and 0.2, the numerical range of weighting coefficient is between 0.8-0.2, the weighting coefficient of the survey line of other direction is determined by following formula: C is a weighting coefficient in the C=0.6Q/90+0.2 formula, and Q is survey line and the angle (unit degree) of constructing trend.
Characteristics of the present invention are three invertings, cubic interpolation, three imagings, can both obtain the 3 D resistivity imaging automatically at every turn, and last time imaging results was the initial model of next imaging, and each imaging is renewal and the optimization to last time imaging.
The present invention is from the BOSTIC inverting, each inversion imaging result is the basis of conduct inverting next time, approach objective models one by one, saved the loaded down with trivial details of manual input ground electric model, saved the time, three-dimensional data is carried and inversion result has been carried out approaching repeatedly owing to formed before carrying out accurate 3-d inversion, has therefore improved computing velocity, has increased the objectivity of geologic information inverting.The present invention can also be applied to other electromagnetic sounding method.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a 3 D resistivity cascaded automatic imaging method implementation step synoptic diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
The present invention carries out the BOSTIC inverting according to the averaged curve of actual measurement apparent resistivity and phase place, frequency-the resistivity relation of each measuring point measured curve becomes the relation of the degree of depth-resistivity after the inverting, the layering unanimity of inverting concerning each eyeball of whole exploratory area but the inverting degree of depth may be different, at this moment need hierarchical model is set up by the minimum inverting degree of depth in the exploratory area, its method is a three-dimensional interpolation, what therefore obtain is exploratory area initial electrical resistivity imaging results, simultaneously, by this plane grid the apparent resistivity and the phase place of frequency field both direction are carried out three-dimensional interpolation, obtain the sounding curve of the both direction corresponding with model, imaging for the first time and interpolation have been finished, because BOSTIC inverting and FFT interpolation all have the fast characteristics of speed, therefore imaging for the first time is quite fast, can finish at the scene, exploratory area, and the initial treatment result is provided;
Imaging for the second time can be finished on the basis of first time interpolation and imaging, the main two dimension that adopts is looked the mould inversion method, but it is different with conventional two dimensional inversion imaging, owing to set up three-dimensional model and correspondent frequency territory 3-D data volume, therefore, two dimension is looked the averaged curve that the both direction of frequency field is adopted in the mould inverting fast, the model of this direction correspondence is carried out the inversion imaging of north and south survey line and thing survey line as initial model, the inversion imaging result of both direction has difference certainly, at this moment need to carry out relevant treatment and three-dimensional interpolation, relevant treatment is carried out between same direction survey line, correlativity is strong on same direction information is strengthened and keep, and suppress incoherent information, two resistivity imaging results have been obtained like this, therefore also need to carry out three-dimensional interpolation, at this moment interpolation adopts surface fitting, each degree of depth simulates two curved surfaces, carry out three-dimensional weighted mean on this basis, weighting factor provides according to the exploratory area structural attitude, the curved surface that moves towards directional information such as the reflection structure provides bigger weighting coefficient, this has just finished imaging for the second time and interpolation, make automated imaging as a result precision further improve.
Non-linear conjugated gradient 3-d inversion is adopted in imaging for the third time, has the low advantage of good stable and memory requirements.
Concrete steps of the present invention are:
Adopt common actual measurement of electromagnetic survey method and record object exploratory area data, adopt telluric electromagnetic sounding (MT) from move towards nagneto-telluric field (TM) that polarizes and resistivity and the phase curve that moves towards two polarised directions of nagneto-telluric field (TE) of polarization along vertical configuration along structure, order is carried out interpolation and inverting successively, each inversion imaging result is the basis of conduct inverting next time, approach the objective geology structure imaging of target one by one, concrete steps are:
Usually the nagneto-telluric field that moves towards to polarize along structure is the TM polarization mode, apparent resistivity or phase curve (section) that corresponding apparent resistivity and phase curve (section) are called the TM direction; The nagneto-telluric field that moves towards polarization along vertical configuration is the TE polarization mode, apparent resistivity or phase curve (section) that corresponding apparent resistivity and phase curve (section) abbreviate the TE direction as.
1) adopts usual way that planar interpolation is carried out in the eyeball position and obtain regular survey grid, simultaneously the apparent resistivity and the phase place of TE and TM both direction are carried out interpolation by distance inverse ratio, obtain telluric electromagnetic sounding (MT) data volume of regular survey grid, the apparent resistivity of TE and TM both direction and the averaged curve of phase place are carried out Bostic (BOSTIC) inverting, after the inverting exploratory area is set up three-dimensional model by the minimum inverting degree of depth with the three-dimensional interpolation method, at this moment, obtain exploratory area initial electrical resistivity imaging, finish interpolation and imaging for the first time.
2) with described first time interpolation be imaged as the basis, with 1) middle three-dimensional model of setting up and correspondent frequency territory plan 3-D data volume, adopt usual way that the depth measurement data of telluric electromagnetic sounding (MT) survey line of X-direction and Y direction are carried out fast two-dimensional and look the mould inverting, promptly the modification model makes the match gradually from the high frequency to the low frequency of telluric electromagnetic sounding (MT) curve from shallow to dark, and carries out relevant treatment and three-dimensional interpolation at both direction and carry out interpolation and the imaging second time.
3) the non-linear conjugated gradient 3-d inversion of regularization is adopted in imaging for the third time, at first carries out the three-dimensional approximate inversion method of electromagnetism fast, carries out more time-consuming accurate three-dimensional integral equation inversion method again.
The non-linear conjugated gradient inverting of regularization is described in order to following equation for the mt inverting:
d＝A(m) (23)
In the formula: A is a nonlinear operator, and m is the N that the abnormal electrical conductance is formed
mDimension model parameter column vector, d is the EM field component 3N that receives
dThe dimension data column vector.
According to the regularization theory, discrete separating of inverse problem (23) is expressed as the following parametric function that minimizes:
In the formula:
Be 3N
d* 3N
dThe data weighting matrix,
Be N * N model weighting matrix, α is the regularization parameter, m
AprBe the model of previous step gained, the transposition of subscript " T " representing matrix, the conjugation of asterisk " * " representing matrix.
The regularization conjugate gradient is separated minimization problem, has:
R
n＝A(m
n)-d，
In the formula: l
n AnBe conjugate direction, a
nBe the regularization parameter value, each iteration is all upgraded: a
n=a
0q
n, 0＜q＜1.k
nIt is the optimization step-length in the iteration.
The three-dimensional approximate inversion of electromagnetism is to utilize electromagnetism three-dimensional approximate The Forward Modeling in timesaving to replace time-consuming stringent three-dimensional forward simulation algorithm in carrying out refutation process, reaches purpose fast.The specific implementation step is as follows:
The first step replaces strict equation (23) with approximate equation:
d＝A
a(m) (54)
In the formula: A
aIt is the approximation operator of strict nonlinear operator A.
Separate nonlinear equation (54) with the regularization Nonlinear Conjugate Gradient Methods.Use m
(1)Represent corresponding approximate solution of this step.Remanent field r
(1)For sub-computation model m is just being calculated in observation data and strictness
(1)The data that obtain poor:
r
(1)＝d-A(m
(1))，‖r
(1)‖＝γ
1
In second step, introduce auxiliary operator equation:
r
(1)+A
a(m
(1))＝A
a(m) (55)
Separate this nonlinear equation with the regularization Nonlinear Conjugate Gradient Methods.Then, calculate a new remanent field,
r
(2)＝d-A(m
(2))，‖r
(2)‖＝γ
2
In the formula: m
(2)Be separating of (55), recursion like this.
The n level just is made up of following operator equation:
r
(n-1)+A
a(m
(n-1))＝A
a(m) (56)
In the formula: r
(n-1)Remanent field after expression (n-1) inferior iteration, m
(n-1)Separating of expression equation (56) (n-1) inferior iteration, what m represented equation (56) separates A
aThe approximation operator of expression electromagnetism 3-d inversion.
r
(n-1)＝d-A(m
(n-1))，‖r
(n-1)‖＝γ
n-1 (57)
If operator A and A
aSatisfy condition:
Then have; γ
n→ 0, n → ∞ (59)
In the formula, ε
nIt is the relative precision that equation (56) is separated.
Promptly when n was tending towards infinity, fast inversion converged on original inverse problem and separates.
The inverting of electromagnetism three-dimensional integral equation is to adopt usual way to finish, it is the non-linear conjugated gradient inversion method of electromagnetism three-dimensional integral equation method regularization, electromagnetic field in refutation process calculates by accurate electromagnetism three-dimensional integral equation method, and computational accuracy is higher.The integral equation formula of 3 D electromagnetic field is as follows:
In the formula: E (r
j), H (r
j) respectively electric field, the magnetic field of representation space any point, E
n, H
nBackground electric field and the magnetic field of representing underground medium respectively,
And
Represent the Green function in electric field, magnetic field respectively.
When the fast two-dimensional step 2 of the present invention) is looked the mould inverting, from shallow to making curve match gradually from the high frequency to the low frequency deeply.
Carrying out the second time of interpolation and during imaging, described three-dimensional interpolation adopts surface fitting, obtains two curved surfaces that each degree of depth simulates by TE and TM data, and the resistivity data of each degree of depth is equivalent to a two-dimensional function, uses fitting of a polynomial.
The resistivity data of each degree of depth is equivalent to a two-dimensional function y=f, and (x y), can adopt polynomial expression to come match.
Carrying out the second time of interpolation and during imaging, carry out three-dimensional weighted mean, weighting coefficient is determined according to the exploratory area structural attitude, the survey line of vertical configuration trend is different with the survey line reflection structure degree of plan-parallel structure trend, weighting coefficient is respectively 0.8 and 0.2, the numerical range of weighting coefficient is between 0.8-0.2, and the weighting coefficient of the survey line of other direction is determined by following formula: C is a weighting coefficient in the C=0.6Q/90+0.2 formula, and Q is survey line and the angle of constructing trend (unit: degree).
When generally gathering in the open air, line direction vertical configuration trend (TE), the apparent resistivity curve reflection underground medium situation of this direction is more objective, other curve plan-parallel structure trend (TM), the depth section of inverting transversely changes very violent, and underground structure is had strong complaints.Therefore the survey line weight of vertical configuration trend gets 0.8 more greatly, and another inversion of curves weight coefficient is less as a result gets 0.2.If survey line out of plumb structure trend is calculated according to above-mentioned formula, coefficient determines that by the angle (value in 0-90) that survey line and underground medium structure trend intersect the angle that intersects is big more, and weight is also big more.Be 30 ° of east northeasts such as the structure trend, then transmeridional survey line is 60 ° with the structure angle of strike, and weighting coefficient is 0.6, and 30 ° in the north-south survey line angle of cut, weighting coefficient are 0.4.
The concrete grammar of the embodiment of the invention is to carry out the BOSTIC inverting according to the averaged curve of MT actual measurement apparent resistivity and phase place, frequency-the resistivity relation of each measuring point measured curve becomes the relation of the degree of depth-resistivity after the inverting, the layering unanimity of inverting concerning each eyeball of whole exploratory area but the inverting degree of depth may be different, at this moment need the exploratory area by the minimum inverting degree of depth (such as 20km, 40 layers) set up hierarchical model, its method is three-dimensional FFT interpolation, what therefore obtain is exploratory area initial electrical resistivity imaging results, simultaneously, by this plane grid the apparent resistivity and the phase place of frequency field both direction (XY and YX) are carried out three-dimensional interpolation, obtain the sounding curve of the both direction corresponding, finished imaging for the first time and interpolation with model; Imaging for the second time can be finished on the basis of first time interpolation and imaging, the main two dimension that adopts is looked the mould inversion method, intend 3-D data volume owing to set up three-dimensional model and correspondent frequency territory, therefore, two dimension is looked the averaged curve that (XY and YX) both direction of frequency field is adopted in the mould inverting fast, the model of this direction correspondence is carried out the inversion imaging of north and south survey line and thing survey line as initial model, and carry out relevant treatment and three-dimensional interpolation at both direction, at this moment interpolation adopts surface fitting, each degree of depth simulates two curved surfaces, carry out three-dimensional weighted mean on this basis, weighting factor provides according to the exploratory area structural attitude, the curved surface that moves towards directional information such as reflection structure provides bigger weighting coefficient, and this has just finished imaging for the second time and interpolation, make automated imaging as a result precision further improve.Non-linear conjugated gradient 3-d inversion is adopted in imaging for the third time, when the meter sensitivity matrix, adopt the three-dimensional interpolation of one dimension sensitivity matrix to replace three-dimensional sensitivity matrix, because all data are said three-dimensional body, the measured data of actual participation inverting is corresponding with model.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of 3 D resistivity three cascaded automatic imaging methods, it is characterized by: adopt common actual measurement of electromagnetic survey method and record object exploratory area data, employing is from the resistivity and the phase curve of two polarised directions of telluric electromagnetic sounding, order is carried out interpolation and inverting successively, each inversion imaging result is the basis of conduct inverting next time, approach the objective geology structure imaging of target one by one, concrete steps are:
1) adopts usual way that planar interpolation is carried out in the eyeball position and obtain regular survey grid, simultaneously the apparent resistivity and the phase place of both direction are carried out interpolation by distance inverse ratio, obtain the telluric electromagnetic sounding data volume of regular survey grid, the apparent resistivity of both direction and the averaged curve of phase place are carried out Bostick inversion, after the inverting exploratory area is set up three-dimensional model by the minimum inverting degree of depth with the three-dimensional interpolation method, at this moment, obtain exploratory area initial electrical resistivity imaging, finish interpolation and imaging for the first time;
2) with described first time interpolation be imaged as the basis, intend 3-D data volume with three-dimensional model of setting up in the step 1) and correspondent frequency territory, adopt usual way that the depth measurement data of the telluric electromagnetic sounding survey line of X-direction and Y direction are carried out fast two-dimensional and look the mould inverting, carry out relevant treatment and three-dimensional interpolation at both direction and carry out interpolation and the imaging second time;
3) the non-linear conjugated gradient 3-d inversion of regularization is adopted in imaging for the third time, at first carries out the three-dimensional approximate inversion method of electromagnetism fast, carries out accurate three-dimensional integral equation inversion method again, obtains accurate 3-d inversion imaging results.
2,3 D resistivity cascaded automatic imaging method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: when the fast two-dimensional described step 2) is looked the mould inverting, from shallow to making curve match gradually from the high frequency to the low frequency deeply.
3,3 D resistivity cascaded automatic imaging method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: carrying out the second time of interpolation and during imaging, described three-dimensional interpolation adopts surface fitting, obtain two curved surfaces that each degree of depth simulates by the depth measurement data, the resistivity data of each degree of depth is equivalent to a two-dimensional function, uses fitting of a polynomial.
4,3 D resistivity cascaded automatic imaging method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: carrying out the second time of interpolation and during imaging, carry out three-dimensional weighted mean, weighting coefficient is determined according to the exploratory area structural attitude, the survey line weighting coefficient of the survey line of vertical configuration trend and plan-parallel structure trend is respectively 0.8 and 0.2, the numerical range of weighting coefficient is between 0.8-0.2, the weighting coefficient of the survey line of other direction is determined by following formula: C is a weighting coefficient in the C=0.6 Q/90+0.2 formula, and Q is survey line and the angle (unit degree) of constructing trend.
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