CN101008623B - Tomographic image measuring method for shape of closed melting state material - Google Patents
Tomographic image measuring method for shape of closed melting state material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
This invention discloses one chromatography image test method in enclosed melt materials, which comprises the following steps: shaping space chromatography image; aim chromatography image extracting and pre-processing; aim image property extracting; aim image property identifying and measuring for melt materials enclosed. This invention solves the problems of difficult identification and measurement to provide one technique method for polymer shaping mechanism.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to contactless, the On-line Measuring Method of the molten state material form in a kind of former, be specifically related to a kind of tomographic map measuring method of airtight middle molten state material form.
Background technology
Influence the detailed and complete morphology variation of molten polymer form and each factor of thermal history in the understanding process, can not only guide people to be conceived under dynamic and static (balance) condition the variation of " crystallization and non-crystalline polymer in order, structure and form ", and what have more practical significance is that it can be used as the control polymer architecture and improves the theoretical foundation of forming polymer quality of item.Up to now, molten polymer morphometry in the forming process there is direct observational method both at home and abroad, the flow birefringence method, laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV), the electron microscope microcell, χ x ray diffraction art, methods such as laser speckle photographic process and visualization technique, yet, forming polymer is that it is at high pressure, the physicochemical change process of being carried out in the airtight molding space of middle temperature, have not visible, dynamic and three-dimensional characteristics, use above-mentioned research method, be difficult to online, true and three dimensions ground reflects dynamic aggregation thing form in the moulding, structural change information.For this reason, the three-dimensional chromatography image method of molten polymer form arises at the historic moment.
Yet under high pressure, the airtight condition of molding of middle gentleness, general former is all with major diameter, and the characteristics of thick bucket wall and big density satisfy it and bear high pressure, technical requirement that middle gentleness is airtight; And processing object polymkeric substance (especially being in molten polymer) participates in processing to have low-density, undersized characteristics, density as the used steel of former is about 7.8 (g.cm-3), and the density range of molten polymer (LDPE) is 0.91～0.97 (g.cm-3); The geometric diameter size of former is greater than 100mm, and the occupied screw channel ring thickness of molten polymer only is about 5mm.So, former 7 and its processing object molten polymer 8 are not only aspect material physical property, and all there is very big difference at aspects such as geometries, have under the tomographic map metering system of harmless characteristics, this species diversity showing as on tomographic map, on same measurement cross section, the physical dimension occupied owing to molding equipment is big, and the background image information amount that it had will be much larger than the target image information amount of molten state material; And because molding equipment and the big-difference of molten polymer on density of material will differ greatly the tomographic map GTG value of both correspondences, promptly the GTG dynamic range of tomographic map is little separately.According to the computerized tomography principle, these differences all will directly cause the image resolution ratio of molten state material low excessively, so that produce the difficult problem that the three-dimensional chromatography image method that utilizes the molten polymer form is difficult to measurement target.
Therefore, how extracting the molten state material form with low quantity of information, low image resolution by tomographic map, and this is discerned and measures, will be one of gordian technique of measuring of the tomographic map of molten polymer form.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is at above-mentioned prior art problems, a kind of method of utilizing the tomographic map feature nondestructively the molten state material form in the former that is in airtight high pressure, middle temperature to be extracted and measured is provided, be the appliance computer chromatography imaging technique, solution is carried out engineering roadblocks such as contactless, on-line measurement and analysis to the material shape under the complex industrial environment that is in enclosure space, and a kind of technical method is provided.
Purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of tomographic map measuring method that is in the molten state material form in airtight comprises the steps:
(1) tomographic map of airtight molding space obtains: by shining from radiogenic photoelectron stream on the airtight molding space of being made up of former and molten state material, former is placed on the mechanical scanning platform, the mechanical scanning platform can carry out the straight line of multidimensional and the scanning motion of rotation under the effect of motion control device; When photoelectron stream passes through airtight molding space, will with effects such as its generation photoelectricity, and produce corresponding photosignal, by photodetector this photosignal is noted, pass through the conversion of data collector again, then, in digital signal form input computing machine; In computing machine, utilize Digital Image Processing and image reconstruction technique, will reconstruct the tomographic map of airtight molding space, it comprises the image information of former and molten state material; The cross-sectional image of whole airtight molding space can be by the mechanical scanning platform data acquisition, Flame Image Process and the image reconstruction of continuous sweep campaign, photodetectors register continuous light electric signal and computing machine obtain;
(2) the target tomographic map extracts: with the image maximum entropy is objective function, cutting apart error with the geometry of target and target is constraint condition, by computing machine the tomographic map of airtight molding space is handled, therefrom extracted the target tomographic map of molten state material;
(3) target tomographic map pre-service: utilize computing machine the target tomographic map to be comprised at least the image pre-service of image scale transformation and sub-pix interpolation, obtain have wide dynamic range, target tomographic map that geometric resolution is high, wherein the image Preprocessing Algorithm is based on the material absorbing coefficient and the distribution thereof of material;
(4) target chromatography characteristic image extracts: adopt the image segmentation algorithm that comprises multiparameters such as time, space, material absorbing coefficient, utilize computing machine that the target tomographic map is carried out the extraction of characteristic image, obtain the target chromatography characteristic image of reflection how much of material, material absorbing coefficient and distribution thereof;
(5) target chromatography feature identification: the employing higher-dimension runs through the chromatography chain algorithm with the low-dimensional fractional condensation, the utilization computing machine carries out the chromatography Feature Recognition to target chromatography characteristic image, obtain the geometric properties form and the physical features of target, the geometric properties form comprises target chromatography chain at least; Physical features comprises target chromatography chain and the distribution thereof under different material absorption coefficient or the density at least;
(6) target chromatography pattern measurement: the changes of threshold algorithm that adopts the material absorbing coefficient, utilize 3 pairs of target chromatographies of computing machine feature to measure, obtain the chain length, area, barycenter, the eccentricity that comprise various chromatography chains in the material at least, the geometric properties form amounts such as axially, radially and circumferentially geometric distributions of chromatography chain in former; Obtain the material absorbing coefficient, the density that comprise various chromatography chains in the material, the chromatography chain in time, axially, the radially and circumferentially physical features amounts such as distortion, deformation velocity and deformation velocity distribution of space, temperature and pressure of former.
The advantage that has with respect to prior art the present invention:
With the direct observational method that has the molten polymer measurement both at home and abroad now, the flow birefringence method, laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV), the electron microscope microcell, χ x ray diffraction art, the laser speckle photographic process is compared with methods such as visualization techniques, the present invention has obtained with not only having solved non-destructive and has been in high pressure, the problem of molten polymer form in the enclosure space of middle temperature, and solved in the Computerized chromatographic image measurement, because the material physical dimension is little, the former geometry is big, the image pixel of material density and the big material that causes of former density of material difference is few, the image gray-scale level dynamic range is little, cause material chromatography characteristic morphology to be difficult to the problem of discerning and measuring, thereby provide a kind of technical method for studying polymkeric substance (or analog material) moulding mechanism.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the tomographic map measurement mechanism structural representation of the airtight middle molten state material form of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a target tomographic map extraction procedure basic flow sheet.
Fig. 3 is a target tomographic map preprocessor basic flow sheet.
Fig. 4 is a target chromatography characteristic image extraction procedure basic flow sheet.
Fig. 5 is a target chromatography feature identification program basic flow sheet.
Fig. 6 is a target chromatography pattern measurement program basic flow sheet.
Fig. 7 is the former of examples measure and the synoptic diagram of molten state material tomographic map.
Fig. 8 is the synoptic diagram through pretreated molten state material tomographic map of examples measure.
Fig. 9 is the synoptic diagram of the molten state material tomographic map after characteristic morphology identification of examples measure.
Embodiment
For better understanding the present invention, below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is done detailed description further, but the scope of protection of present invention is not limited to the scope that embodiment represents.
This embodiment utilizes the tomographic map measuring system of dynamic extrusion the molten state material form in the extrusion to be carried out the example measurement of three-dimensional tomographic map.
(1) tomographic map of airtight molding space obtains
As shown in Figure 1, the tomographic map measuring system of molten state material form is mainly by radiographic source 5 in airtight, photodetector 1, data collector 2, computing machine 3, mechanical scanning platform 6, motion control device 4 compositions such as grade, measuring object are former 7 and the molten state material 8 that is in airtight high pressure, middle temperature.Wherein former 7 is selected extruder for use, and it mainly is made up of by single screw rod and the metal machine barrel of 20mm diameter; Motion control device 4 is selected the Advance Industrial Control Computer for use, and it is mainly in order to control the motion of extrusion temperature, pressure, speed and mechanical scanning platform 6; Radiographic source 5 adopts the gamma ray projector of 1.17M eV; The relative density resolution of measuring system of picture is 1%, and spatial resolving power can reach 0.02mm～0.08mm through the sub-pix interpolation, and the size of tomographic map is 512 * 512 pixels, and gray scale levels is 256; Molten state material 8 is selected low density polyethylene for use, is respectively 150 ℃, 160 ℃, 180 ℃ and 210 ℃ in solid conveying section, melt zone, melt conveying zone and mouthful control temperature that the mould place is provided with in the example.Measuring system of picture is in example procedure, along extruding direction is obtained melt zone in every interval 4mm mode chromatography form image information, Fig. 5 is former 7 and the molten state material 8 tomographic map Y that obtain in implementing to measure, in order to improve the quantity of information of target image, tomographic map Y is carried out the image pre-service of the extraction of target tomographic map and scale variation and sub-pix interpolation, obtain target image Y1, as shown in Figure 6, as we know from the figure, the pixel quantity of target image Y1 and quantity of information respective amount in the Y is greatly improved, and promptly picture quality is improved.On this basis, image segmentation by target image Y1 being imposed multiparameters such as comprising time, space, material absorbing coefficient and higher-dimension run through the chromatography chain identification with the low-dimensional fractional condensation, obtain to have the target signature image of chromatography chain structure, as shown in Figure 7, it is that to extract eigenwert with the material absorbing coefficient be 120, to melt zone just interim material 8 carry out feature extraction and identification and the target morphology image Y2 that obtains.
Then, basic mechanism according to forming polymer, adopt the changes of threshold algorithm of material absorbing coefficient, utilize 3 pairs of target chromatographies of computing machine characteristic morphology to measure, measuring amount comprises chain length, area, barycenter, the eccentricity of various chromatography chains in the material 8, the target geometric properties form amounts such as axially, radially and circumferentially geometric distributions of chromatography chain in former 7; The material absorbing coefficient of chromatography chain, density, chromatography chain in time, axially, radially and circumferentially distortion, deformation velocity and the deformation velocity distribution etc. of space, temperature and pressure of former 7.
Can find by measuring with evaluating objects chromatography characteristic morphology, the target morphology image that is in the different characteristic value has not only reflected the target signature form that is in different aggregative state, and their distributions on extrusion space have been showed, by it can analyze target outside under the force field in time, the many-valued mobile variation relation of extrusion space, obtain and extruding getting in touch of polymer architecture and performance under the processing conditions.
Tomographic map measuring method according to molten state material form in airtight, at first utilize Computerized chromatographic image measuring apparatus (see figure 1) to obtain and be in the tomographic map Y of the airtight molding space that the molten state material 8 (target) of airtight high pressure, middle temperature formed by former 7 (background), see Fig. 7, this figure is the synoptic diagram of former 7 and molten state material 8 tomographic maps, wherein the gray-scale value of background image 10 is lower, and the gray-scale value of target image 9 is higher; As shown in Figure 7, although on gradation of image distributes, background image 10 and target image 9 are in the low value district and the high value district of gradation of image respectively, but on pixel quantity, about 9: 1 of the ratio of background image 10 pixel counts and target image 9 pixel counts is promptly in the view picture tomographic map, the entrained quantity of information of target image 9 is too little, if with the entire image is processing unit, then target signature is difficult to obtain from image Y, and this directly has influence on molten state material morphological Study in the moulding.
(2) the target tomographic map extracts
According to the photoelectric image information theory, target image contains quantity of information I (X; Y) be expressed as:
Be I (X; Y) big more, then obtain about the information of target X manyly more by tomographic map, the present invention has selected for use the relative method of reduction H (X|Y) to improve the entrained quantity of information of target image, is objective function with the maximum image average information promptly.Maximum entropy with molten state material 8 images is an objective function, cutting apart error with the geometry of molten state material 8 and target is constraint condition, by computing machine 3 operational objective tomographic map extraction procedures, come the tomographic map of airtight molding space is handled, therefrom extract the target tomographic map of molten state material 8, this target tomographic map extraction procedure is write by the Visual C Plus Plus, its program basic procedure as shown in Figure 2:
1. tomographic map signature analysis: obtain the distribution of material absorbing coefficient of tomographic map intensity profile, the molten state material 8 of molding space;
2. extract the gray threshold of target tomographic map according to tomographic map gray scale, material absorbing coefficient and distribution plan primary election thereof, and extract target image and background image with this;
3. according to the geometry of forming polymer ultimate principle and molten state material 8, calculate the amount of pixels of the target image after extracting and realistic objective the image pixel amount that should occupy poor, draw target image thus and cut apart error;
If 4. target image is cut apart error (its value can be decided according to different molten state materials 8 and fabrication process condition thereof) in target image is cut apart range of tolerable variance, target image is determined, otherwise, threshold value is extracted in change, change step 2, the average information that contains molten state material 8 in making target image is for maximum.
(3) target tomographic map pre-service
Because the gray scale contrast of the target image after separating is still less, in order to enlarge the target image dynamic range, the material absorbing coefficient and the regularity of distribution thereof according to tomographic map image-forming principle and material, the gray scale of each pixel in the target image is imposed the image pre-service of scale transformation and sub-pix interpolation, obtain have wide dynamic range, target tomographic map that geometric resolution is high, this target tomographic map preprocessor is write by the Visual C Plus Plus, its program basic procedure as shown in Figure 3:
1. target chromatography image characteristic analysis: calculate the material absorbing coefficient and the distribution thereof of target image gray scale, molten state material 8, render target tomographic map gray scale, material absorbing coefficient and distribution plan thereof;
2. according to target chromatography gradation of image, material absorbing coefficient and changes in distribution scope thereof, set up image scale transformation function, and the target tomographic map is carried out scale transformation with this;
3. according to industrial chromatography image-forming principle, in conjunction with the photoelectron stream imaging characteristics of radiographic source 5, promptly the feature of photoelectron stream intensity in image set up non-linear interpolation function between pixel, and thus the target image pixel carried out the sub-pix interpolation.Obtain pretreated target image Y1 (see figure 8), Fig. 8 is the synoptic diagram through pretreated molten state material 8 tomographic maps, Y compares with image, not only the target image physical dimension among the image Y1 increases, be that the target image pixel increases, and the target image among image Y1 ash valency scope broadens, thereby improved the resolution of target image 9 greatly.
(4) target chromatography characteristic image extracts
The characteristics that are different from the imaging mode of reflective light intensity image according to the imaging mode of tomographic map, it is its target substance absorption coefficient and distribution relation thereof that shows, the geometry and the physical characteristics of target surface can not only be from space and two territories of density, reflected, and the form and the structure of target internal can be shown to a deeper level.Employing comprises the image segmentation algorithm of multiparameters such as time, space, material absorbing coefficient, by computing machine 3 operational objective chromatography characteristic image extraction procedures, come the target tomographic map is carried out the extraction of characteristic image, obtain the target chromatography characteristic image of reflection how much of material 8, material absorbing coefficient and distribution thereof; This target chromatography characteristic image extraction procedure is write by the Visual C Plus Plus, its program basic procedure as shown in Figure 4:
1. target chromatography image characteristic analysis: promptly calculate of the variation of the material absorbing coefficient of target chromatography gradation of image, molten state material 8 with molding time and molding space;
2. be constant with the processing and forming time, the material absorbing coefficient of material 8 is a variable, material absorbing index variation relation according to molten state material 8, determine to cut apart the gradation of image threshold value of molten state material 8 morphological features, and with this target chromatography characteristic image is extracted, obtain the target chromatography characteristic image with the material absorbing index variation of material 8;
(5) target chromatography feature identification
On above Flame Image Process basis, the employing higher-dimension runs through the chromatography chain algorithm with the low-dimensional fractional condensation, the target signature image is carried out the identification of target chromatography characteristic morphology, its basic thought is that the tomographic map form of molten state material 8 should have the chain type geometry, bidimensional chromatography chain should embody interchain fractional condensation or a small amount of characteristics that overlap, three-dimensional chromatography chain should have the characteristics that interchain overlaps mutually, and then obtains target geometric properties form and physical features, and the geometric properties form comprises target chromatography chain at least; Physical features comprises target chromatography chain and the distribution thereof under different material absorption coefficient or the density at least.
Target chromatography characteristic morphology is extracted with the key step of discerning: according to target image information Entropy Changes law in the measuring process, the employing higher-dimension runs through the chromatography chain algorithm with the low-dimensional fractional condensation, target signature image destination layer is analysed characteristic morphology extract and discern.
Target chromatography characteristic morphology is extracted and the basic norm of identification is that the target morphology that is extracted in the zone has the chain type geometry.Its specific practice is, utilize computing machine 3, at first definite extraction feature initial value of analysing characteristic morphology in order to the recognizate bed of material, it is by the time, space and material material absorbing coefficient multiparameter are formed, utilize this feature initial value that the target signature image is carried out extracted region, obtain the bianry image Y2 of target area, whether satisfy the chain type geometry by the target morphology of analyzing among the Y2, whether the variation of target chromatography chain in former 8 screw channels obeys higher-dimension runs through the regularity of distribution with the low-dimensional fractional condensation, whether the target morphology of making among the Y2 meets the judgement that forming polymer is processed rule, if meet, then extraction eigenwert of being supposed and the target image Y2 that is obtained are made an affirmation, and change the extraction eigenwert, in forwarding target area extraction next time to and discerning; If do not meet, then revise the extraction eigenwert of chromatography form, remake the extraction and the identification of target area image, till its basic symbols synthesis type processing mechanism, thinking work according to this just can be finished extraction and identification to the characteristic morphology of entire image Y2.Fig. 9 is the synoptic diagram of the molten state material tomographic map after characteristic morphology identification.In the drawings, mainly with the performance of chromatography chain 11 geometry forms, low-dimensional fractional condensation rule is obeyed in the variation of chromatography chain 11 in former 8 screw channels to the molten state material substantially, and chromatography chain 11 distributes in former 8 screw channels and meets forming polymer processing rule substantially
This target chromatography feature identification program is write by the Visual C Plus Plus, and its program basic procedure is illustrated in fig. 5 shown below:
1. target chromatography Extraction of Geometrical Features: promptly calculate and draw out the geometric properties of target, geometric properties comprises target chromatography chain and other geometric configuration;
2. target chromatography physical features extracts: promptly calculate and draw out the physical features of target, physical features comprises target chromatography chain and the distribution thereof under different material absorption coefficient or the density;
3. target chromatography feature identification: adopt higher-dimension to run through how much of target chromatographies and physical features are discerned with the chromatography chain algorithm of low-dimensional fractional condensation, the target geometry that has extracted is made the judgement whether it has the chain geometry, and run through with the chromatography chain algorithm of low-dimensional fractional condensation by higher-dimension the chain geometry is carried out high and low dimension classification.
If 4. target chromatography feature does not have the feature of chain geometry, then revise the gradation of image threshold value cut apart molten state material 8 morphological features, change in " extraction of target chromatography characteristic image " step, the chain geometry appears in target chromatography feature and till.
(6) target chromatography pattern measurement
Y2 measures to the target morphology image, and its measuring amount comprises chain length, area, barycenter, the eccentricity of various chromatography chains 11 in the material 8, the geometric properties form amounts such as axially, radially and circumferentially geometric distributions of chromatography chain 11 in former 7; Material absorbing coefficient, the density of various chromatography chains 11 in the material 8, chromatography chain 11 in time, axially, the radially and circumferentially physical features amounts such as distortion, deformation velocity and deformation velocity distribution of space, temperature and pressure of former 7.This target chromatography characteristic morphology process of measurement is write by the Visual C Plus Plus, its program basic procedure as shown in Figure 6:
1. target chromatography geometric properties is measured: according to the adjacency and the connectedness of objective contour image pixel, target chromatography geometric properties is measured in abutting connection with method with 8 of object pixel, its content comprises chain length, area, barycenter, the eccentricity of various chromatography chains in the material 8, axially, the radially and circumferentially geometric distributions of chromatography chain in former 7 etc.;
2. target chromatography physical features is measured: according to target chromatography geometric feature and time dependent relation thereof, in conjunction with computerized tomography principle and Polymer Processing principle, calculate material absorbing coefficient, the density of chromatography chain in the material 8, the chromatography chain in time, axially, the radially and circumferentially spatial variations of former 7;
3. target chromatography chain physical quantity measure of the change:, measure in the material 8 the chromatography chain with variation, pace of change and the distribution thereof of forming temperature and pressure according to how much of target chromatographies, physical features amount.
Claims (2)
1. a tomographic map measuring method that is in the molten state material form in airtight is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1) tomographic map of airtight molding space obtains: shone on the airtight molding space of being made up of former (7) and molten state material (8) by the photoelectron stream from radiographic source (5), former (7) is placed on the mechanical scanning platform (6), mechanical scanning platform (6) can carry out the straight line of multidimensional and the scanning motion of rotation under the effect of motion control device (4); By photodetector (1) recording light electric signal, in this signal input computing machine (3), utilize computing machine (3) digital image processing techniques, reconstruct the former (7) and molten state material (8) tomographic map of airtight molding space;
(2) the target tomographic map extracts: with the image maximum entropy is objective function, cutting apart error with the geometry of target molten state material (8) and target is constraint condition, by computing machine (3) tomographic map of airtight molding space is handled, therefrom extracted the target tomographic map of molten state material (8);
(3) target tomographic map pre-service: utilize computing machine (3) the target tomographic map to be comprised at least the image pre-service of image scale transformation and sub-pix interpolation, obtain and have wide dynamic range and the high target tomographic map of geometric resolution, wherein the image Preprocessing Algorithm is based on the material absorbing coefficient and the described absorption coefficient distribution of material (8);
(4) target chromatography characteristic image extracts: adopt the image segmentation algorithm that comprises time, space and material absorbing coefficient multiparameter, utilize computing machine (3) that the target tomographic map is carried out the extraction of characteristic image, obtain the geometry of reflection material (8) and the target chromatography characteristic image of material absorbing coefficient and described absorption coefficient distribution;
(5) target chromatography feature identification: the employing higher-dimension runs through the chromatography chain algorithm with the low-dimensional fractional condensation, utilization computing machine (3) carries out the chromatography Feature Recognition to target chromatography characteristic image, obtain the geometric properties form and the physical features of target, the geometric properties form comprises target chromatography chain at least; Physical features comprises the target chromatography chain under different material absorption coefficient or the density and the distribution of described absorption coefficient or density at least;
(6) target chromatography pattern measurement: the changes of threshold algorithm that adopts the material absorbing coefficient, utilize computing machine (3) that target chromatography feature is measured, obtain the chain length, area, barycenter and the eccentricity that comprise various chromatography chains in the material (8) at least, axially, the radially and circumferentially geometric properties form amount of geometric distributions of chromatography chain in former (7); Obtain the material absorbing coefficient and the density that comprise various chromatography chains in the material (8), and the chromatography chain in time, axially, the radially and circumferentially variation relation in space of former (7); Obtain the physical features amount that various chromatography chains in the material (8) distribute with variation, pace of change and the pace of change of forming temperature and pressure.
2. the tomographic map measuring method that is in the molten state material form in airtight according to claim 1 is characterized in that described former is a screw extruder.
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| EP0257524A2 (en) * | 1986-08-18 | 1988-03-02 | The B.F. Goodrich Company | Glass fiber reinforced vinyl chloride polymer products and process for their preparation |
| CN1114420A (en) * | 1994-04-04 | 1996-01-03 | 住友电气工业株式会社 | Method and apparatus for detecting foreign objects in resin |
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| EP0257524A2 (en) * | 1986-08-18 | 1988-03-02 | The B.F. Goodrich Company | Glass fiber reinforced vinyl chloride polymer products and process for their preparation |
| CN1114420A (en) * | 1994-04-04 | 1996-01-03 | 住友电气工业株式会社 | Method and apparatus for detecting foreign objects in resin |
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