The plasma Composite plating and seeping method for abrasive-proof nickel base surface alloy layer
Technical field
The invention provides a kind of plasma Composite plating and seeping method for abrasive-proof nickel base surface alloy layer, be applicable to advanced surface recombination erosion resistant gradient material preparation field, relate to the system integration of adding particulate material kind and multiple advanced material surface preparation technology thereof.
Background technology
Corrosive wear be material when bearing frictional force also with surrounding medium generation chemistry or electrochemical reaction and the material leakage that occurs abbreviates abrasion as.The anti-corrosion wear alloy is gone up inevitable requirement from the material design can bear mechanics and the collaborative destruction of electrochemical factors simultaneously.Be directed to the composition of anti-corrosion and wear resistant alloy and organize mentality of designing to have nothing in common with each other.Non-corrosive metal normally adds alloying element and strengthens its spontaneous passivation ability, does not often wish to occur to separate out or adds deleterious second formation that causes the microcosmic corrosion galvanic cell mutually, causes the decline of corrosion resisting property.Second of wear resistant alloy design high rigidity commonly used is strengthened mutually to improve the carry load and the anti-plow ability of alloy.Traditional non-corrosive metal and wear resistant alloy can not satisfy service demand in complicated abrasive environment often.The anti-corrosion wear material should be different with non-corrosive metal with traditional wear resistant alloy design and thinking of development.Owing to corrosion and the interaction of wearing and tearing make material loss process become very complicated, only depend on and strengthen passivation ability or the carbon content (increase the content of precipitated phase) that the increase steel way that improve hardness of steel of alloy in corrosive medium, on the contrary the loss process of accelerated material greatly.Thereby, seek the best collocation of solidity to corrosion and wear resistance so that interaction item minimum between the two might be the optimal path of development anti-corrosion wear material.The anti-corrosion wear alloy system generally all is to grow up on the basis of non-corrosive metal or wear resistant alloy at present, but does not still have complete corrosive wear resistant alloys design, even correlative study still is in the blank stage.From the failure analysis angle, attrition and attack mainly acts on material surface.Therefore, adopting the technology of material surface protection is to solve fret wear and corrosive important means.At present common sufacing has: laser surface technology, physics, chemical vapour deposition, electroless plating, ion implantation etc.These technology surface abrasion resistance and corrosion-resistant aspect demonstrate wide application prospect.But these sufacings also come with some shortcomings.Obtain the tissue that alloying layer is a rapid solidification as laser and electron beam surface, have bigger thermal stresses and structural stress, cause crackle and metallurgical imperfection easily.Need multi-track overlapping when carrying out large-area treatment and cause the coating structure inequality, be unfavorable for corrosion proof raising; The coating and the matrix that obtain with ion plating and vapour deposition mostly are mechanical bond, because expansion coefficient difference has determined that coating can not be too thick, are no more than tens of microns usually.Although the abrasion resistance properties of coating is good, the pin hole in the coating has adverse influence to corrosion resisting property; Ion implantation change material surface is anticorrosive, resistance to wear, the high temperature oxidation resistance effect is obvious.But input horizon shallow (being generally less than 1 micron), injection efficiency is low.Therefore, the coating of being on active service under the corrosive wear working conditions, should possess good binding, no tangible metallurgical imperfection and certain coat-thickness requirement between optimum balance between solidity to corrosion and the wear resistance and basal body interface, be beneficial to life-time service under the abominable corrosive medium.
The patent No. solved the corrosion resisting property of the nickel-base alloy of 20 steel substrates surface formation, but the hardness of its cementation coating is lower, only is HV for 02121428 Chinese patent provides a kind of plating to ooze the method that composite multi-component oozes the high alloy abros altogether
0.1N202, can not improve the wear resisting property that plates infiltration layer.
Summary of the invention
That the present invention is based on is anti-corrosion, the basic thought of high-abrasive material alloy designs, strengthen anti-corrosion body material as erosion resistant candidate material system with nano particle, provide a kind of plasma composite plating to ooze erosion resistant surface alloy layer method, make it improve corrosion-resistant, abrasion resistance properties simultaneously.
Formation of the present invention: the present invention is by the technology of the certain content nano-oxide particles complex brush plating layer of preparation, integrated the forming of two brightness multiple permeation nickel-base alloy process systems of selecting specific particulate kind and carrying out on this coating basis.Concrete operational path is as follows:
A. technique of brush plating:
The clean oil removing of electricity: with the clean liquid of 1# electricity, power supply just connects, and operating voltage is 8~12V, and speed of relative movement is 4~10m/min, till the oily Ex-all;
Activation: use the 1# activation solution, the power supply reversal connection, voltage 10~14V, speed of relative movement 6~8m/min, the time is about 25~35s, carry out washing with water after the activation treatment, carry out activation treatment with the 3# activation solution again, voltage is 12~16V, and speed of relative movement is 6~8m/min, time is 25~35s, removes surperficial carbon black and is water flushing after the silver gray.
The plating working lining: power supply just connects (workpiece connects negative pole), and brush-plating technique voltage is 10~14V, and speed of relative movement is 9~13m/min;
B. brush plating contains the composition of the quick Ni plating bath of certain amount of nano oxide particle:
The single nickel salt chemical formula is NiSO
47H
2O:253~255g/L,
The ammoniacal liquor chemical formula is NH
3H
2O (25%): 100~110Ml/L,
The ammonium citrate chemical formula is (NH
4)
3C
6H
5O:55~56g/L,
The ammonium acetate chemical formula is CH
3COONH
4: 22~23g/L,
The ammonium oxalate chemical formula is (COONH
4)
2H
2O:0.1~0.2g/L,
Nano-oxide is SiO
2Or Cr
2O
3Or Al
2O
3: 5~30g/L,
PH value: 7.4~7.7;
C. the processing parameter of dual-layer glow ion multiple permeation is as follows:
Source voltage: 800~1050V,
Workpiece voltage: 250~350V,
Interpole gap: 15~30mm,
Air pressure: 25~45Pa.
Advantage of the present invention: at first add the quick Ni plating bath that contains a certain amount of (mass content is 3~10%) nano-oxide particles in the surface brush plating of ordinary steel iron material, form nano-oxide particles and strengthen composite deposite, carry out plasma multiple permeation Ni-Cr-Mo-Cu non-corrosive metal then on this composite deposite surface, prepare nano-oxide particles and strengthen the attrition resistant surface alloying layer of nickle-base corrosion-resisting.From the anti-corrosion angle of material, the second phase particle in the alloy often is regarded as " harmful phase " as being intermetallic compound, carbide, phosphide, boride and some nitride.Because these particles belong to the conductor compound, conductor compound second in corrosion galvanic cell because of current potential than the high negative electrode of playing the part of of matrix.And the nano-oxide that the present invention added belongs to non-conductor, so do not influence the corrosion resistance nature of Superalloy Substrate after adding substantially.The hardness of surface alloying layer obviously improves simultaneously, helps improving its wear-corrosion resistance.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is amorphous SiO
2The stereoscan photograph of nano particle enhanced nickel base surface alloy layer.
Fig. 2 is amorphous SiO
2The transmission electron microscope photo of nano particle enhanced nickel base surface alloy layer.
Fig. 3 is Ni+Al
2O
3The stereoscan photograph of nano particle enhanced nickel base surface alloy layer.
Fig. 4 is Ni+Al
2O
3The transmission electron microscope photo of nano particle enhanced nickel base surface alloy layer.
Label title among Fig. 2: 1. amorphous SiO
2Particle.
Label title: 2.Ni among Fig. 4
3Al, 3. undissolved Al
2O
3
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is described in further detail.
Example one:
Fig. 1 is at the brush plating Ni+ of 316L stainless steel surface elder generation amorphous SiO
2The nano particle composite deposite, carry out plasma multiple permeation abros again after, formed amorphous SiO
2The stereoscan photograph of nano particle enhanced nickel base surface alloy layer.Concrete processing parameter is: 1. brush-plating technique: power supply just connects (workpiece connects negative pole), and brush-plating technique voltage is 12V, and speed of relative movement is 9m/min, and the nano-particle content in the quick nickel bath is 20g/L; 2. plasma surface alloying process is: source electrode 1050V, workpiece voltage are 250V, and air pressure is 35Pa, and interpole gap is 15mm, metallic cementation time 3h.Fig. 2 is the observation that transmission electron microscope distributes to nano particle in the above-mentioned surface alloying layer.High-visible SiO from photo
2Particle size is not of uniform size, and big nanoparticle size is 300~400nm, and low particle size is 70~80nm, is evenly distributed on the matrix.This compound plating infiltration layer is the electrochemical property test result in 3.5%NaCl solution show: pitting potential is 660mv, and tieing up blunt current density is 11.48 μ A/cm
2, corrosion speed is 0.1237mm/y.And the pitting potential that directly carries out the surface alloying layer that multiple permeation obtains at the 316L stainless steel surface is 910mv, and tieing up blunt current density is 10.02 μ A/cm
2, corrosion speed is 0.1079mm/y.Taking all factors into consideration two kinds of surface alloying layers can think and add amorphous SiO
2After, particle strengthens compound plating and oozes the corrosion resisting property of surface alloying layer and slightly reduce.And while amorphous SiO
2The hardness HV of nano particle enhanced nickel base surface alloy layer
0.1N330 apparently higher than stainless steel (HV
0.1N235) and separately adopt two brightness to ooze the hardness (HV of nickel-base alloy surface alloying layer
0.1N202).Therefore, amorphous SiO
2Nano particle enhanced nickel base surface alloy layer has high rigidity again when having good corrosion resisting property, be a kind of candidate material of novel erosion resistant.
Example two:
Fig. 3 is at the brush plating Ni+Al of 316L stainless steel surface elder generation
2O
3The nano particle composite deposite, carry out plasma multiple permeation abros again after, formed undissolved Al
2O
3The Ni that+original position forms
3The stereoscan photograph of Al nano particle enhanced nickel base surface alloy layer.Concrete processing parameter is: 1. brush-plating technique: power supply just connects (workpiece connects negative pole), and brush-plating technique voltage is 12V, and speed of relative movement is 9m/min, and the nano-particle content in the quick nickel bath is 20g/L; 2. plasma surface alloying process is: source electrode 1050V, workpiece voltage are 250V, and air pressure is 35Pa, and interpole gap is 15mm, metallic cementation time 3h.Fig. 4 is the observation of transmission electron microscope to above-mentioned surface alloying layer, high-visible undissolved Al from photo
2O
3The Ni that (black)+original position forms
3Al (white) uniform particles is distributed on the matrix.This compound plating infiltration layer is the electrochemical property test result in 3.5%NaCl solution show: pitting potential is 770mv, and tieing up blunt current density is 69.18 μ A/cm
2, corrosion speed is 0.7454mm/y.And the pitting potential that directly carries out the surface alloying layer that multiple permeation obtains at the 316L stainless steel surface is 910mv, and tieing up blunt current density is 10.02 μ A/cm
2, corrosion speed is 0.1079mm/y.Taking all factors into consideration two kinds of surface alloying layers can think and add Al
2O
3Behind the nano particle, particle strengthens compound plating and oozes the corrosion resisting property of surface alloying layer and slightly reduce.And while Al
2O
3Hardness (the HV of nano particle enhanced nickel base surface alloy layer
0.1N337) apparently higher than stainless steel (HV
0.1N235) and separately adopt two brightness to ooze nickel base alloy layer (HV
0.1N202) hardness.As seen Al
2O
3After nano particle is incorporated into the nickel base surface alloy layer, guaranteeing when corrosion resisting property does not reduce high rigidity not to be arranged again, is a kind of candidate material of novel erosion resistant.