CN101004691A - Method and device for updating firmware program - Google Patents

Method and device for updating firmware program Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101004691A
CN101004691A CN 200710062962 CN200710062962A CN101004691A CN 101004691 A CN101004691 A CN 101004691A CN 200710062962 CN200710062962 CN 200710062962 CN 200710062962 A CN200710062962 A CN 200710062962A CN 101004691 A CN101004691 A CN 101004691A
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Prior art keywords
firmware
new firmware
new
control program
old
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CN 200710062962
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CN100456246C (en
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李明
韩传俊
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BEIJING INHAND NETWORK TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.
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YINGHANTONG NETWORK TECH Co Ltd BEIJING
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Abstract

An upgrading device of firmware program is prepared for simultaneously storing new firmware and old firmware downloaded by firmware download processing module into flash memory, judging whether new firmware is correct or not by new firmware effectiveness detection module and loading master control program in new firmware through loading treatment module if it is or otherwise loading master control program in old firmware for realizing switch-over between load and new firmware.

Description

A kind of method and apparatus of updating firmware program
Technical field
The present invention relates to data communication field and industrial control field, relate in particular to a kind of method and apparatus of updating firmware program.
Background technology
Firmware (Firmware) is the hardware with software function, this in early days hardware generally all is to have the EROM of software or EPROM (Electrically Erasable Read Only Memory) etc., usually the program of being preserved in these hardware can't directly be read or revise by the user, and the terminal user is difficult to or can not change firmware, also there is no need generally speaking firmware is carried out updating operation, also must change the EPROM on the original machine with the EPROM that finishes writing program by the professional even in firmware, found grave error (Bug).
Because the progress of integrated circuit at present, the firmware of equipment all adopts flash memory, and (Flash Memory is called for short: Flash) be carrier, and Flash supports the bootstrap loading routine function, most of Flash also support the upgrading of firmware simultaneously, therefore, it is more and more simpler that firmware updating also becomes, promptly when the environment of equipment changes or need add new function in equipment, can programme to the content of Flash and (or be called: programming), just carry out programming by the content to Flash again where necessary, and reach the purpose of firmware updating.
In order after dispatching from the factory, still to carry out software upgrading to equipment, so that equipment obtains the function of enhancing, perhaps in order to solve the Bug and the compatibility issue of some equipment by firmware updating, in equipment such as router, fire wall, Industry Control and system, extensively adopt Flash (to be called for short: Cun Chu medium firmware) as the firmware control program.When need be, when just needing again the firmware of burn writing equipment, adopt following several method usually to the firmware upgrade of equipment:
Method one, this method are for adopting JTAG (Joint Test Action Group, be a kind of international standard test protocol) etc. the method for upgraded in offline firmware of interface: the operate as normal that at first in the escalation process of firmware, needs halt device, by interfaces such as JTAG the content of Flash is carried out programming again and write new firmware then, perhaps change the well Flash of new firmware of programming, the last operate as normal of restorer again.
The shortcoming of this method is: at first firmware needs the operate as normal of interrupting device in escalation process, and needs operating personnel's execute-in-place and use special instrument in escalation process; Secondly, owing in Flash, only preserve a firmware program, when firmware must send Flash repair in shop multiple when upgrading is failed.
Method two, this method adopt the upgraded in offline method that starts boot control: at first the control program of equipment is divided into startup boot and primary control program two parts, after the equipment energising, starting boot at first moves, validity by detecting primary control program and need to judge whether the upgrading primary control program then, the primary control program of upgrading if desired, then communication interfaces such as serial ports by equipment or network interface are downloaded new firmware, and programming is in Flash.
The shortcoming of this method is: the operate as normal that needs halt device in the escalation process of firmware, simultaneously because the boot function is generally fairly simple, can't adopt the communication interface or the communication protocol of more complicated to obtain new firmware, so the range of application of this method also only limits to the local upgrade of equipment usually, and in escalation process, also need operating personnel's execute-in-place; Equally, in the method owing in Flash, only preserving a firmware program, when firmware must send Flash repair in shop multiple when upgrading is failed.
Method three, this method adopt the upgrade method of primary control program control: at first under the normal operating conditions of equipment, download new firmware and programming in Flash by the serial ports or the communication interface such as network interface of master control program by equipment, after equipment restarts, then load new firmware.
The advantage of this method is: communication interface and communication protocol support that the user can utilize primary control program to provide, and adopt the method for more complicated to download new firmware, reached the apparatus remote purpose of upgrading.
And the shortcoming of this method is: if equipment in escalation process because abnormal end, comprise cut off the electricity supply, network connectivity interrupts reasons such as (or can't line), servomechanism be out of service and causes the firmware upgrade failure, because it is old firmware that this abnormal end destroys the original firmware of equipment easily, thereby causes equipment to work normally.
Shortcoming at this method, can take corresponding improvement measures, promptly can be earlier new firmware downloads in the internal memory of equipment, just keep new and old firmware simultaneously, after finishing, new firmware downloads carries out the correctness checking procedure of new firmware, judge whether new firmware makes mistakes in downloading process, after the correctness verification succeeds of new firmware, again new firmware programming in Flash.The mistake that adopts this method effectively to avoid new firmware in transmission course, to produce, but to guarantee also that in the programming process of new firmware equipment can not power down, and must guarantee that new firmware can normally move after loading, otherwise still can cause the equipment can't operate as normal after upgrading, and can only adopt the method for other upgrade or repair that the firmware of equipment is recovered, make troubles for user's use.
In application scenarios such as unattended machine room, monitoring stations, when needs upgrade upgrading to equipment, in order to prevent the abnormal end in renewal process, promptly can't operate as normal for the equipment that prevents to cause because of abnormal end, even cause equipment must send factory's situation of programming firmware again, must assurance equipment reliable in escalation process.And above-described three kinds of methods all are difficult to thoroughly avoid causing because of the firmware upgrade failure fault of equipment.
Summary of the invention
In view of above-mentioned existing in prior technology problem, the method and apparatus that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of updating firmware program, new firmware that employing will be downloaded and old firmware are retained among the flash memory Flash simultaneously, and the detection that the validity of the new firmware downloaded is carried out, work when detecting to return in the old firmware when new firmware can not correctly be worked, promptly can realize the switching of new and old firmware, thereby avoid effectively, and cause equipment to produce the damage of irrecoverable property because of the firmware upgrade failure; Simultaneously, in escalation process, can keep the normal operating conditions of equipment, only in the handoff procedure of new and old firmware, need the short interruption service.
The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of method of updating firmware program comprises:
A, the new firmware of device downloads to be upgraded keep the old firmware in the equipment to be upgraded simultaneously;
B, the new firmware validity of downloading is detected,, from new firmware, load primary control program if it is effective to detect new firmware, otherwise, from old firmware, load primary control program.
Also comprise before carrying out described step B:
Device downloads to be upgraded is obtained new firmware, and passes through to calculate the verification of new firmware and judge whether new firmware is correct, if, the correct system marks of new firmware of download is set, otherwise, download new firmware again, obtain correct new firmware or meet predetermined stop condition until downloading;
And the processing that among the described step B the new firmware validity of downloading is detected comprises:
Judge according to described system marks whether the new firmware of downloading is effective, and, determine that then the new firmware of downloading is effective if the new firmware that described system marks record is downloaded is correct.
Described method also comprises: after new firmware downloads is finished, new firmware is deposited in flash memory Flash according to the predetermined address that is used for depositing new firmware;
And described step B also comprises: select new firmware or old firmware to carry out the loading of primary control program according to the address information at new, old firmware place.
Described step B specifically comprises:
B1, boot operation;
The new firmware that B2, detection are downloaded is if detected new firmware, execution in step B3, otherwise execution in step B5;
The validity of the new firmware that B3, detection are downloaded, if new firmware is effective, execution in step B4, otherwise execution in step B5;
B4, from new firmware, load primary control program, judge whether primary control program loads success,, represent from new firmware, to load primary control program if loads successfully, otherwise execution in step B5;
B5, from old firmware, load primary control program.
Described step B4 also comprises: when this loads the primary control program failure from new firmware after, whether judgement loads primary control program failure from new firmware number of times meets predetermined times, if meet, and execution in step B5 then, otherwise, carry out and from new firmware, load primary control program again.
A kind of device of firmware upgrade is arranged in the equipment to be upgraded, comprising:
The firmware downloads processing module is used for the new firmware of device downloads to be upgraded, and keeps new and old firmware simultaneously;
Whether correct new firmware validity detection module be used to realize the detection to the validity of downloading new firmware;
The loading processing module is used for the testing result according to new firmware validity detection module, if it is effective to detect new firmware, then loads primary control program from new firmware, otherwise, from old firmware, load primary control program.
The device of described firmware upgrade also comprises:
New firmware and old firmware address information memory module, be used for preserving new firmware and old firmware stores in the address information of Flash, and be used to offer the firmware downloads processing module, to preserve the new firmware address of downloading, also be used to offer the loading processing module, carry out the loading processing of master routine to navigate to described new firmware or old firmware.
Described firmware downloads processing module also comprises:
Whether correct system marks is provided with submodule, be used for according to downloading new firmware the described system marks of information setting, and whether this system marks is used to write down the new firmware of download correct;
Described new firmware validity detection module specifically comprises:
Validity recognin module, the system marks that is used for according to described system marks the submodule setting being set detects identification to the validity of the new firmware downloaded.
Described loading processing module specifically comprises:
New firmware loads number of times juggling submodule is used to judge the number of times from new firmware loads failure, and after determining to surpass predetermined times, triggers the submodule that old firmware loads is handled;
New firmware loads processing sub is used for the triggering according to new firmware validity detection module, selects to carry out from new firmware the loading processing of master routine;
Old firmware loads processing sub is used for the triggering according to new firmware validity detection module, selects to carry out from old firmware the loading processing of master routine.
As seen from the above technical solution provided by the invention, adopt new firmware and the old firmware that to download to be retained among the Flash simultaneously in the present invention, and the new firmware of downloading is carried out validity to be judged, when judging that new firmware is effective, from new firmware loads primary control program, otherwise, from old firmware, load primary control program, thereby realized the failover of new and old firmware, avoided the damage that produces irrecoverable property because of equipment that firmware upgrade process failure causes effectively; Secondly, guarantee in firmware upgrade process the not operate as normal of interrupting device, business is caused less influence; At last, owing to can utilize the communication interface of primary control program and communication protocol to come support equipment to obtain new firmware, thus realized the remote upgrade function of equipment.This firmware upgrade method has important Practical significance to occasions such as the high unattended equipment room of reliability requirement, industrial control equipments.
Description of drawings
Figure 1 shows that the new firmware downloads process flow diagram of the present invention;
Figure 2 shows that the new firmware validity of the present invention detects and switching flow figure;
Figure 3 shows that the structural representation of device for upgrading firmware of the present invention.
Embodiment
The method of a kind of updating firmware program of the present invention, its embodiment can be divided into new firmware downloads and new firmware validity detection and switch two process prescriptions, are illustrated in figure 1 as new firmware downloads flow process and are:
At first, define system flag F, length are 2 bytes, and the implication of each bit representation is as follows:
The position definition of table 1, system marks F
15 14-8 7-0
Firmware index (I) Keep (R) Fail count (CNT)
Default value: 0x7F00
Firmware index (I): be expressed as the address of new and old firmware in Flash;
Keep (R): be expressed as reservation position among the system marks F;
Fail count (CNT): the frequency of failure that is expressed as new firmware loads primary control program.
Step 11, master routine operation;
Equipment normally starts back master routine operate as normal;
Step 12, download new firmware;
Modes such as serial ports by equipment or network interface acquire new firmware, and new and old firmware leaves in the address that has set among the Flash simultaneously;
Defining the firmware storage addresses in the present invention is ADDR1 and ADDR2, and the address of new firmware and old firmware is respectively among ADDR1 and the ADDR2, is determined by firmware index (I).
Table 2, firmware loads address
I Current firmware loads address
0 ADDR1
1 ADDR2
Step 13, judge whether new firmware is correct, if execution in step 14, otherwise execution in step 16;
Make mistakes because of reasons such as transmission in download for fear of new firmware, verification that need be by calculating new firmware and etc. mode judge whether new firmware correct, the method of calculation check and judgement can adopt CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check, cyclic redundancy check (CRC)), MD5 (Message-Digest algorithm5, Chinese name: scheduling algorithm md5-challenge) Chinese name:;
Step 14, system marks F is set;
If the new firmware of downloading is correct, system marks F={~I is set, R, 0xFE} indicates new firmware to be ready to, and simultaneously, system marks may adopt different length and allocation scheme;
Step 15, restarting systems;
According to user's order or setting, set up the firmware update mark after, restarting systems;
Step 16, judge whether to download again, if execution in step 12, otherwise execution in step 17;
If when downloading the number of times of new firmware again and surpassing setting value, can or be provided with according to user's order and download new firmware again;
Step 17, upgrading failure;
If judge by step 16 and not download new firmware again, then abandon firmware upgrade operation according to user's order or setting.
When new firmware downloads finishes and has passed through new firmware correctness and judged, then should restart facility to load new firmware program.At this moment, should judge the validity of new firmware, and when detect the firmware that makes new advances invalid after, still can switch back old firmware.Idiographic flow is as described below:
New as shown in Figure 2 firmware validity detects and switching flow is:
Step 21, device start;
Equipment energising to be upgraded or equipment restart;
Step 22, boot operation;
At first the equipment boot brings into operation, and finishes soft, hardware initialization, starts hardware watchdog;
Whether step 23, judgement detect new firmware, if execution in step 24, otherwise execution in step 31;
If the fail count CNT=0xFF of system marks F is illustrated in the firmware update operating process hard error has taken place, can be used as equally and detect new firmware handle, if perhaps system marks F fail count CNT!=0, also expression detects new firmware, then can load primary control program from new firmware, otherwise expression does not detect new firmware, then should load primary control program from old firmware;
Step 24, update mark;
If detect new firmware, then upgrade fail count mark CNT=CNT<<1, other position of system marks F remains unchanged;
Whether step 25, to detect new firmware invalid; If execution in step 30, otherwise execution in step 26;
If fail count CNT=0x80, expression has been attempted loading 7 new firmwares, all is to load failure, therefore judges that new firmware is invalid;
Step 26, from new firmware, load primary control program;
Trial loads primary control program from new firmware, the load address of new firmware is determined by table 2;
Step 27, judge that primary control program loads whether success; If execution in step 28, otherwise execution in step 24;
Judge whether primary control program loads successful, need finish by being arranged in the equipment hardware watchdog, if new primary control program correct execution, control program regularly writes control word (being called: feed dog), judge that primary control program load successfully during less than T the interval time of feeding dog; If new primary control program can't correct execution, then will be owing to feeding dog in the time interval at T, then hardware watchdog triggers a systematic reset signal, makes system restart, judges that primary control program loads failure;
The time-out time of definition hardware watchdog is T.
Step 28, removing mark;
After from new firmware, loading the primary control program success, remove fail count CNT automatically, promptly be set to CNT=0, represent that new firmware passes through validation verification;
Step 29, upgrading are finished;
The firmware upgrade success, new firmware comes into force;
Step 30, invalid markers is set;
Because new firmware is invalid, it is F={~I that system marks is set, R, and 0x00}, old firmware is switched back in expression;
Step 31, from old firmware, load primary control program;
Load primary control program from old firmware, the load address of old firmware is determined by table 2;
Step 32, upgrading are failed or are not had updating operation;
Do not detect new firmware or new firmware and be judged as invalidly, updating operation is not finished.
The embodiment of the device of firmware upgrade of the present invention as shown in Figure 3, the device of this firmware upgrade is arranged in the equipment to be upgraded, specifically comprise: firmware downloads processing module, new firmware validity detection module, loading processing module and new firmware and old firmware address information memory module, wherein:
The firmware downloads processing module comprises that system marks is provided with submodule.Be used for the new firmware of device downloads to be upgraded, and keep new and old firmware simultaneously.Wherein:
Whether correct system marks is provided with submodule, be used for according to downloading new firmware the described system marks of information setting, and whether this system marks is used to write down the new firmware of download correct.
New firmware validity detection module comprises validity recognin module.Be used to realize the detection whether correct to the validity of downloading new firmware.Wherein:
Validity recognin module, the system marks that is used for according to described system marks the submodule setting being set detects identification to the validity of the new firmware downloaded.
The loading processing module comprises new firmware loads number of times juggling submodule, new firmware loads processing sub and old firmware loads processing sub.Be used for testing result,, then from new firmware, load primary control program if it is effective to detect new firmware according to new firmware validity detection module, otherwise, from old firmware, load primary control program.Wherein:
New firmware loads number of times juggling submodule is used to judge the number of times from new firmware loads failure, and after determining to surpass predetermined times, triggers the submodule that old firmware loads is handled;
New firmware loads processing sub is used for the triggering according to new firmware validity detection module, selects to carry out from new firmware the loading processing of master routine;
Old firmware loads processing sub is used for the triggering according to new firmware validity detection module, selects to carry out from old firmware the loading processing of master routine.
New firmware and old firmware address information memory module, be used for preserving new firmware and old firmware stores in the address information of Flash, and be used to offer the firmware downloads processing module, to preserve the new firmware address of downloading, also be used to offer the loading processing module, carry out the loading processing of master routine to navigate to described new firmware or old firmware.
Use the hardware watchdog circuit in the present invention,, whether successful can be used for judging from new firmware loading primary control program equally as the new firmware loads processing sub in the loading processing module.
The above; only for the preferable embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and anyly is familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; the variation that can expect easily or replacement all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain of claim.

Claims (10)

1, a kind of method of updating firmware program is characterized in that, comprising:
A, the new firmware of device downloads to be upgraded keep the old firmware in the equipment to be upgraded simultaneously;
B, the new firmware validity of downloading is detected,, from new firmware, load primary control program if it is effective to detect new firmware, otherwise, from old firmware, load primary control program.
2, the method for a kind of updating firmware program according to claim 1 is characterized in that, carries out described step B and also comprises before:
Device downloads to be upgraded is obtained new firmware, and passes through to calculate the verification of new firmware and judge whether new firmware is correct, if, the correct system marks of new firmware of download is set, otherwise, download new firmware again, obtain correct new firmware or meet predetermined stop condition until downloading;
And the processing that among the described step B the new firmware validity of downloading is detected comprises:
Judge according to described system marks whether the new firmware of downloading is effective, and, determine that then the new firmware of downloading is effective if the new firmware that described system marks record is downloaded is correct.
3, the method for a kind of updating firmware program according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described method also comprises: after new firmware downloads is finished, new firmware is deposited in flash memory Flash according to the predetermined address that is used for depositing new firmware;
And described step B also comprises: select new firmware or old firmware to carry out the loading of primary control program according to the address information at new, old firmware place.
According to the method for claim 1,2 or 3 described a kind of updating firmware programs, it is characterized in that 4, described step B specifically comprises:
B1, boot operation;
The new firmware that B2, detection are downloaded is if detected new firmware, execution in step B3, otherwise execution in step B5;
The validity of the new firmware that B3, detection are downloaded, if new firmware is effective, execution in step B4, otherwise execution in step B5;
B4, from new firmware, load primary control program, judge whether primary control program loads success,, represent from new firmware, to load primary control program if loads successfully, otherwise execution in step B5;
B5, from old firmware, load primary control program.
5, the method for a kind of updating firmware program according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, described step B4 also comprises: when this loads the primary control program failure from new firmware after, whether judgement loads the primary control program failure from new firmware number of times meets predetermined times, if meet, execution in step B5 then, otherwise, carry out and from new firmware, load primary control program again.
6, a kind of device of firmware upgrade is arranged in the equipment to be upgraded, it is characterized in that, comprising:
The firmware downloads processing module is used for the new firmware of device downloads to be upgraded, and keeps new and old firmware simultaneously;
Whether correct new firmware validity detection module be used to realize the detection to the validity of downloading new firmware;
The loading processing module is used for the testing result according to new firmware validity detection module, if it is effective to detect new firmware, then loads primary control program from new firmware, otherwise, from old firmware, load primary control program.
7, the device of a kind of firmware upgrade according to claim 6 is characterized in that, the device of described firmware upgrade also comprises:
New firmware and old firmware address information memory module, be used for preserving new firmware and old firmware stores in the address information of Flash, and be used to offer the firmware downloads processing module, to preserve the new firmware address of downloading, also be used to offer the loading processing module, carry out the loading processing of master routine to navigate to described new firmware or old firmware.
According to the device of claim 6 or 7 described a kind of firmware upgrades, it is characterized in that 8, described firmware downloads processing module also comprises:
Whether correct system marks is provided with submodule, be used for according to downloading new firmware the described system marks of information setting, and whether this system marks is used to write down the new firmware of download correct.
According to the device of claim 6 or 7 described a kind of firmware upgrades, it is characterized in that 9, described new firmware validity detection module specifically comprises:
Validity recognin module, the system marks that is used for according to described system marks the submodule setting being set detects identification to the validity of the new firmware downloaded.
According to the device of claim 6 or 7 described a kind of firmware upgrades, it is characterized in that 10, described loading processing module specifically comprises:
New firmware loads number of times juggling submodule is used to judge the number of times from new firmware loads failure, and after determining to surpass predetermined times, triggers the submodule that old firmware loads is handled;
New firmware loads processing sub is used for the triggering according to new firmware validity detection module, selects to carry out from new firmware the loading processing of master routine;
Old firmware loads processing sub is used for the triggering according to new firmware validity detection module, selects to carry out from old firmware the loading processing of master routine.
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