CN101003084A - Production of large and super-critical steel-casting by using alkali phenolic aldehyde resin art - Google Patents
Production of large and super-critical steel-casting by using alkali phenolic aldehyde resin art Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A technology using alkaline phenolic resin to cast large supercritical steel product with high quality includes such steps as supercritical smelting while strictly controlling the chemical components of steel, preparing sand mould from alkaline phenolic resin for sand core, the alkaline phenolic resin and chromite for surface sand, and alkaline phenolic resin and Si sand for back sand, filling argon gas in mould for 10-15 min, and immediately casting at 1580-1590 deg.C.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to produce the method for large and super-critical steel-casting with the alkalescent phenol resin sand production technology.
Background technology
Large and super-critical steel-casting generally is meant the steel grade that uses for a long time under high temperature, low temperature, high pressure conditions, as-800 ℃, 50 ℃,＞environment such as 30MPa can reach the technical indicator of normal use down.The supercritical steel molten steel must satisfy following condition: 1) gas content is low: H
2＜1.5PPM, O
2＜20PPM; 2) harmful element content is low: P, S＜0.010%; 3) Al: inaccurate adding＜0.010%; 4) Metallographic Analysis: A, B, C, D carefully are≤0.5 grade (various being mingled with); 5) N
2Alloying: require N
2Be alloy state and have N under high temperature and normal temperature
2Do not overflow.
Supercritical steel is mainly used in thermal power generation unit and auxiliary device thereof, and supercritical unit is used can improve coal utilizaton rate greatly, reduce environmental pollution.Developed country strengthens the research of supercritical unit with material at present, and research is used for the austenitic stainless steel of 600 ℃～650 ℃ of steam parameters, i.e. supercritical steel emphatically.The supercritical steel manufacture process is very complicated, and quality requirement is extremely strict, and the internal soundness of foundry goods and presentation quality all will be passed through RT, UT, the MT nondestructive inspection detects, and the flaw detection rank will reach the Machinery Ministry primary standard.
At present, the producer of domestic research and development production supercritical steel foundry goods is considerably less, and mainly is based on water-glass sand and Furan Resin-Bonded Sand, the percent defective height; Because casting technique is relatively backward, the product quality performance of production is very unstable, causes production cost height, long in time limit.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide and a kind ofly produce large and super-critical steel-casting with alkali phenolic aldehyde resin art, have cast initial stage mould strength height, advantage such as hot deformability is good, and collapsibility is good has effectively prevented the shortcoming of the easy crackle of supercritical steel.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme to realize:
1, produce large and super-critical steel-casting with alkali phenolic aldehyde resin art, it is characterized in that this technical process is:
1) supercritical steel smelting process; The chemical composition of strict control molten steel; At first, supercritical steel is smelted by the stainless steel Returning blowing keto technique in electric arc furnaces, and refining furnace carries out refining outside LF stove and VD/VOD ladle furnace then, and the chemical composition of adjusting molten steel makes it satisfy following requirement:
| Element | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr |
| Specification | 0.08/0.12 | 0.20/0.50 | 0.30/0.60 | ≤0.020 | ≤0.010 | 8.0/9.5 |
| Element | Mo | V | Nb | N | Ni | Al |
| Specification | 0.85/1.05 | 0.18/0.25 | 0.06/0.10 | 0.030/0.070 | ≤0.40 | ≤0.040 |
2) casting technique;
1. the making of alkali phenol resin sand; By weight proportion, alkali phenolic resins: curing agent: roughing sand is (1.5-2): (20-30): 100 part by weight mixes by puddle mixer;
2. core adopts the alkali phenol resin sand, and facing sand adopts 30-50mm alkali phenolic resins chromite, and floor sand adopts alkali phenolic resins silica sand; And in core production, perform exhaust work simultaneously;
3. before the mould assembling, sand mold, core, mouth of a river temperature are consistent with room temperature; At once logical hot blast after the mould assembling must be poured into a mould after the mould assembling in 8 hours;
3) casting process; Pouring temperature is controlled at 1580-1590 ℃; Sand mold is logical argon gas 10-15 minute before the cast, treat that argon gas is full of after, cast immediately;
4) post-processed; Can shake out when the rising head root thermometric of foundry goods is lower than 80 ℃, do not allow strong collision during shake out, place place, air port and damp ground during the overcritical foundry goods shake out of strict control; Carry out stress relief annealing after the cleaning fast.Annealing back cutting rising head, cutting temperature keeps 200-350 ℃, carries out normalized and tempered after the cutting; After the heat treatment foundry goods is reheated 400 ℃, come out of the stove and carry out removing surface, carry out a stress-removal annealing at last again, 730 ± 10 ℃ of temperature are carried out UT, MT defect detecting test as requested.
The present invention with the beneficial effect of alkalescent phenol resin sand technology and the comparison of water-glass sand technology is:
1) raw material: with not containing N, P, S in the alkalescent phenol resin sand technology binding agent; Resin high temperature is burning down, and sand mold deformability height, foundry goods are not easy to crack; Low to the requirement of roughing sand acid consumption figures, adaptability is good, and the resin free from extraneous odour has improved process conditions greatly.
2) product quality: can make surface roughness bring up to 25-50 μ m with alkalescent phenol resin sand technology, reduce the latent defect (pore, shrinkage porosite, shrinkage cavity) and the face crack of foundry goods, can make casting weight grade of tolerance MT bring up to the 12-14 level, the hot tearing that significantly reduces foundry goods produces, and improves casting dimension accuracy.
3) resource consumption: the rate of recovery with the used sand of alkalescent phenol resin sand technology can reach 95%, and the water-glass sand rate of recovery is extremely low, and even not recyclable, resource consumption is big.
4) ambient influnence: with alkalescent phenol resin sand technology environment and people are not had influence, and water-glass sand and furan resin-sand have peculiar smell, pollute greatly, human body is had certain harm, ambient influnence is bigger.
The foundry goods of this explained hereafter has following advantage:
1) dimensional accuracy height, the exterior contour of foundry goods are clear, and cast(ing) surface is bright and clean, and presentation quality is good, dense structure, foundry goods integrated quality height.This mainly is because resin sand has good mobility, easy consolidation, the demould time back intensity height, indeformable in thereafter carrying and mould assembling process of can regulating, harden, while is because of the rigidity height of resin sand, invisible basically wall offset phenomena in cast and process of setting, so the dimensional accuracy height of foundry goods, it can improve 1-2 rank than the foundry goods of light water glass sand explained hereafter.
2) sand mo(u)ld is not used kiln drying, has shortened the production cycle, has saved the energy.
3) because of having saved baking operation, characteristics such as the easy consolidation of molding sand, efficient height, the good easy to clean of collapsibility have reduced working strength of workers significantly, have improved operating environment, and have created condition for improving production operation efficiency.Therefore alkalescent phenol resin sand technology applicability is strong, is particularly suitable for producing high low alloy steel castings and the comparatively complicated steel-casting of structure, particularly is applicable to the steel-casting product of producing the high-quality requirement more.
4) the foundry goods deformability strengthens, and reduces the crackle tendency.Water-glass sand is because its deformability is poor, and gas permeability is poor, and foundry goods is easy to crack, pore.The characteristics of alkalescent phenol resin sand are good rigidity, cast initial stage mould strength height, and the hot deformability of this sand is good simultaneously, is very beneficial for preventing that crackle from producing.Especially baroque core selects the alkali phenol resin sand good because of its collapsibility, and deformability helps the cleaning of core well, avoids because Structure Designing Problem causes crackle to produce.
The specific embodiment
The main points of technical scheme of the present invention are as follows:
1, the chemical analysis of strict control molten steel
The chemical analysis control of molten steel is important link, for ensuring the quality of products, supercritical steel at first will be smelted by the stainless steel Returning blowing keto technique in electric arc furnaces, in LF stove and VOD stove, finely tune composition, make the degree of purity and the various element of molten steel, especially the control of nitrogen reaches technical requirement, at last molten steel is watered into foundry goods, and carries out the processing of a series of subsequent techniques.
This steel grade be very easy to produce separates out pore, has only molten steel very pure, and the control of nitrogen is very reasonable, and the foundry goods that molten steel waters just can not produce pore, and quality could satisfy and reaches requirement.
The molten steel chemical composition requires as follows:
| Element | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr |
| Specification | 0.08/0.12 | 0.20/0.50 | 0.30/0.60 | ≤0.020 | ≤0.010 | 8.0/9.5 |
| Element | Mo | V | Nb | N | Ni | Al |
| Specification | 0.85/1.05 | 0.18/0.25 | 0.06/0.10 | 0.030/0.070 | ≤0.40 | ≤0.040 |
2, the reasonability of control casting technique
Supercritical steel is a kind of steel grade of extremely difficult control, and its crackle tendentiousness is bigger, guarantees to reduce the generation of stress on the technology as far as possible.This steel grade is very easy to produce pore simultaneously, so casting technique must consider how to reduce the generation and the exhaust scheme of pore.No matter be the design of die joint, or be provided with all must be based on this rising head and the mouth of a river.
Core adopts the alkali phenol resin sand, and facing sand adopts 30-50mm alkali phenol resin sand chromite, and floor sand adopts alkali phenolic resins silica sand.
Because this sand kind gas forming amount than other sand kinds more greatly, we take some measures to this.Imbed gather qi together, exhaust materials such as exhaust rope in core production about distance face 60mm alive, φ 25-φ 30 pit-ted skins are pricked so that gas is discharged at top box in addition by the outlet box place.
Need not contain the bigger joint sealing mud bar of aqueous vapor with the face of living contact position in the mould assembling process in addition as far as possible, and use the asbestos cord joint sealing.Before the mould assembling, sand mold, core, the mouth of a river must be consistent with room temperature, forbids the heat seal case.At once logical hot blast after the mould assembling must be poured into a mould after the mould assembling in 8 hours.
3, casting process control
Because supercritical steel self, pouring temperature is controlled at 1580-1590 ℃, and in order to get rid of oxygen and pernicious gas, sand mold is logical argon gas 10-15 minute before the cast, treat that argon gas is full of after, cast immediately.Carry out thermometric in the jar before the cast, in prescribed limit, just allow cast.In the casting process cast gate is carried out argon shield, in order to avoid pernicious gas enters; Mustn't teeming in the casting process, and pumping is in order to avoid crack, water to die joint and can subtract stream, slowly be full of casting mold; Mustn't take a sample or arrhea in the casting process, in order to avoid produce the cold shut defective.Sandbox after watering does not allow bump and displacement.
4, post-processed control
Can shake out when the rising head root thermometric of foundry goods is lower than 80 ℃, do not allow strong collision during shake out, place place, air port and damp ground during the overcritical foundry goods shake out of strict control.Carry out stress relief annealing after the cleaning fast.Annealing back cutting rising head, cutting temperature keeps 200-350 ℃, carries out normalized and tempered after the cutting.After the heat treatment foundry goods is reheated 400 ℃, come out of the stove and carry out removing surface, carry out a stress-removal annealing at last again, 730 ± 10 ℃ of temperature are carried out UT, MT as requested and are checked.
5, puddle mixer is selected
The puddle mixer ability is considered by combined factors such as casting weight grade, up time, iron sand compare.The supercritical steel foundry goods is generally middle smallclothes, can adopt 1 25t/h continous way resin puddle mixer.If casting weight, can adopt the continous way resin puddle mixer operation of 1 30t/h more than 20 tons.
6, the selection of alkalescent phenol resin and curing agent
Casting resin and curing agent kind are a lot, but stable in order to produce, and are beneficial to the control of quality, the curing agent that general manufacturer only should select a kind of resin and be complementary.Warp is to screening when, and we have selected the resin and the curing agent of Jinan holy well production for use.
| Producer | The trade mark | Outward appearance | 25 ℃ of viscosity (centipoise) | Serviceability temperature |
| Shenyang is converged inferior logical | HYTJ-123 | Brown liquid | ≤150 | Below 20 ℃, use the middling speed resin autumn and winter |
| Shenyang is converged and inferior leading to is solidified Ji | Among the HYTG-142 | Brown liquid | ≤100 | Below 20 ℃, use the middling speed curing agent autumn and winter |
| Last seaflower king resin | 800S | Brown liquid | ≤150 | |
| Flower king curing agent | 80HH is fast | Colourless liquid | ≤100 | More than 20 ℃, use quick curing agent autumn and winter |
| Shandong holy well resin | Brown liquid | ≤150 | ||
| Shandong holy well curing agent | Among the HQG20 | Colourless liquid | ≤50 | Below 20 ℃, use the middling speed curing agent autumn and winter |
Narrate the specific embodiment of the present invention below:
A. supercritical steel smelting process
1) for guaranteeing the internal quality of casting, to strengthen degassing, going to be mingled with operation in the smelting; Require the chemical analysis of supercritical steel molten steel to satisfy following requirement:
| Element | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr |
| Specification | 0.08/0.12 | 0.20/0.50 | 0.30/0.60 | ≤0.020 | ≤0.010 | 8.0/9.5 |
| Element | Mo | V | Nb | N | Ni | Al |
| Specification | 0.85/1.05 | 0.18/0.25 | 0.06/0.10 | 0.030/0.070 | ≤0.40 | ≤0.040 |
2) the preproduction-type test nitrided ferro-chromium rate of recovery; Before being sampled as vacuum, after the vacuum, add behind the nitrided ferro-chromium and after the cast, respectively get two samples.
3) all are gone into the stove material and must toast heating, and ferroalloy requires to be heated to the red heat state, and ferrochrome is forbidden long-time heating;
4) be ready to enough creeper and wooden rake before the production.
5) but after forming the molten bath in the stove oxygen blast flux, quicken fusing, the molten carbon of finishing requires 〉=0.60%, carbon elimination speed 〉=0.60%/hour;
6) carry out the P work of in earlier stage going, fusing requires to banish slag more than 90% latter stage;
7) condition of skimming is entirely skimmed and is wanted rapidly, thoroughly; The back of skimming entirely adds lime 5Kg/t and makes thin slag; thin slag forms the back and inserts aluminium 1.0Kg/t; and ferromanganese, chromic carbide iron and molybdenum-iron among the low P of red heat state added in the stove; require Mn, Mo to reach the specification lower limit; Cr transfers to 8.0%, and chromic carbide iron divides and ploughs under for 2 times, ploughs under the back and fully stirs with creeper; and adopt big voltage to add the thermalization material rapidly, and add an amount of slag charge simultaneously;
8) for improving the ferrochrome rate of recovery, require to add the back and make neutral slag with ball clay at alloy, the reduction of Si-Fe powder is adopted in reduction, and the later stage, (3～5Kg/t) kept atmosphere, recovery time 〉=15 minute with the Si-Ca powder;
9) treat that slag bleaches after, the complete analysis of fully stirring and take a sample;
Require big mouthful when 10) tapping rapidly, the S effect is taken off in assurance, adds vanadium iron, ferro-niobium in the narrow-necked earthen jar; Molten steel carburetting do not allow in the tapping process in narrow-necked earthen jar, to add any pulverulent material, in case can add deoxidation and residue adjustment materials such as AD powder on a small quantity in the narrow-necked earthen jar of tapping back.
11) after the refining furnace molten steel enters heating station, adjust argon gas;
12) add baked V iron during temperature 〉=1600 ℃, Nb iron is adjusted in the specification and limits, and adds an amount of lime simultaneously, argon gas fully stirs back sampling complete analysis;
13) the composition adjustment is suitable, and temperature reaches 1680～1700 ℃, and vacuum keeps more than 15 minutes after reaching 0.5 torr;
14) after vacuum finished, thermometric also added nitrided ferro-chromium, and addition is that the rate of recovery reaches middle limit, adds an amount of lime simultaneously, guaranteed thickness of slag layer.Add the back argon gas and stir tapping in 10 minutes, tapping does not allow to feed the Al silk;
15) refining furnace tapping temperature: 1610～1630 ℃;
The b casting technique
1) the die model workshop must be selected the Korean pine siccative of high-quality for use, and grade is an one-level;
2) consider from structural strength that model adopts the full pattern moulding more, and all circle root fillets must be made all; Guarantee core box intensity, indeformable when mold strength is pounded type, non-warping;
3) on the surface smoothness, apperance and core box surface reach respectively _ fineness of 7-_8.The strict drawing of pressing of dimensional accuracy is carried out, and deviation can not surpass 1-2mm;
4) the poly-glue fat varnish of model surface brush;
5) by technological requirement on model, draw external chill position, quantity and size.The external chill position should be clear, accurately;
6) select suitable sandbox and sole, require the model outside to tank wall greater than 200mm;
7) crust and core must strictness be pressed the alkali phenol resin sand system type of process stipulation, and facing sand is an alkali phenolic resins chromite, should pound separately before generally pounding tightly tight dead angle and external chill position; Press alkali phenolic resins: curing agent: roughing sand is (1.5-2): (20-30): 100 part by weight mixes the alkali phenol resin sand by puddle mixer;
8) top box is pricked pore. and when pounding the system top box, 25-30mm imbeds the pore rod apart from the face of living top, and diameter is Φ 20-30mm;
When 9) pounding the system core, carry out the exhaust of each fuse, guarantee that exhaust is smooth and easy;
10) smooth and easy in order to guarantee the fuse exhaust, when mould assembling, fuse and core print contact site are put into asbestos cord successively near the foundry goods end, and joint sealing mud cream is in order to avoid drill steel blocks exhaust duct;
11) degree of packing of crust and core working face is wanted evenly, reach hard, and light is logical, and casting is number clear, and the test piece position is accurate;
12) the external chill surface must be rustless, bright and clean, pore-free, no sand holes;
13) the external chill position must be accurately, and place strict position by process stipulation;
14) for strengthening the deformability between rising head, between rising head, put into foam.Forbid rising head card case band;
15) the various brick pipe of running gate system junction twines with adhesive tape, and ingate can not directly withstand on the appearance, leave the 30-40mm mold thickness with appearance;
16) logical hot blast after the mould assembling led to argon gas 5--10 minute before the cast;
17) before the casting molten steel in the jar is carried out thermometric, temperature drops to and just allows cast in the prescribed limit.ZF-∏ heat preserving agent insulated feeder is added in cast back, more than the thickness 120mm, and mustn't pumping;
When 18) the rising head root temperature of foundry goods must be lower than 80 ℃, can shake out.This process must be carried out behind the thermometric.Forbidding during shake out pounds hits and collides with, and forbids to locate in moist and air port, and whole shake out process can not get wet;
19) foundry goods of having played case will be placed on the dry ground, and in 24 hours sand removal is finished.Empty the atrium core sand earlier, afterwards that whole sand are peace and quiet; Rising head root, fuse corner, test piece root will be cleaned out;
When 20) knockout excised the mouth of a river, it was long to reserve 200mm from foundry goods; During rising head to be cut, water dividing gap stays 5～10mm long from foundry goods again;
21) the fervent rising head in stress relief annealing (stress relief annealing will be installed the calor innatus galvanic couple, and technology separately) back is cut the rising head temperature and will be controlled between 200～350 ℃;
22) after all cuttings were finished, the foundry goods body will advance stove normalizing, temper immediately;
23) after normalizing, the tempering, descaling, finishing surface quality of continuous castings, check line, foundry goods is carried out finishing.
24) do a stress relief annealing at last, 730 ± 10 ℃ of annealing temperatures;
25) polishing of spray surface requirements is not to leaking black skin fully, and surface roughness reaches more than the 12.5 μ m.To avoid a certain partial points of polishing for a long time during polishing, in order to avoid the local heat cracking that produces;
26) the MT flaw detection is all carried out on all blank surfaces, is undertaken by the GBII grade standard.
Claims (1)
1, produce large and super-critical steel-casting with alkali phenolic aldehyde resin art, it is characterized in that this technical process is:
1) supercritical steel smelting process; The chemical composition of strict control molten steel; At first, supercritical steel is smelted by the stainless steel Returning blowing keto technique in electric arc furnaces, and refining furnace carries out refining outside LF stove and VD/VOD ladle furnace then, and the chemical composition of adjusting molten steel makes it satisfy following requirement:
2) casting technique;
1. the making of alkali phenol resin sand; By weight proportion, alkali phenolic resins: curing agent: roughing sand is (1.5-2): (20-30): 100 part by weight mixes by puddle mixer;
2. core adopts the alkali phenol resin sand, and facing sand adopts 30-50mm alkali phenolic resins chromite, and floor sand adopts alkali phenolic resins silica sand; And in core production, perform exhaust work simultaneously;
3. before the mould assembling, sand mold, core, mouth of a river temperature are consistent with room temperature; At once logical hot blast after the mould assembling must be poured into a mould after the mould assembling in 8 hours;
3) casting process; Pouring temperature is controlled at 1580-1590 ℃; Sand mold is logical argon gas 10-15 minute before the cast, treat that argon gas is full of after, cast immediately;
4) post-processed; Can shake out when the rising head root thermometric of foundry goods is lower than 80 ℃, do not allow strong collision during shake out, place place, air port and damp ground during the overcritical foundry goods shake out of strict control; Carry out stress relief annealing after the cleaning fast.Annealing back cutting rising head, cutting temperature keeps 200-350 ℃, carries out normalized and tempered after the cutting; After the heat treatment foundry goods is reheated 400 ℃, come out of the stove and carry out removing surface, carry out a stress-removal annealing at last again, 730 ± 10 ℃ of temperature are carried out UT, MT defect detecting test as requested.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2007100100122A CN100450664C (en) | 2007-01-09 | 2007-01-09 | Production of large and super-critical steel-casting by using alkali phenolic aldehyde resin art |
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