CN1009672B - 提高油的采收率的方法 - Google Patents
提高油的采收率的方法Info
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- CN1009672B CN1009672B CN86108326A CN86108326A CN1009672B CN 1009672 B CN1009672 B CN 1009672B CN 86108326 A CN86108326 A CN 86108326A CN 86108326 A CN86108326 A CN 86108326A CN 1009672 B CN1009672 B CN 1009672B
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract 5
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 11
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
- E21B43/2401—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection by means of electricity
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/003—Vibrating earth formations
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Abstract
提高从陆地或海洋中的储油层回采油或其他挥发性液体的回采率的方法，通过使所属储油层中岩层以尽可能接近所述岩层的自然频率产生振荡，使岩层与油之间的结合力降低，因此更易于从岩层中采集油。此外，储油层中提供的压力是通过蒸发储油层中的一些油与水而得到的。事实上所进行的加热过程是作为振荡的结果及借助高频电脉冲使储油层表现成类似电极炉而实现的。
Description
本发明涉及借助由高频电脉冲造成的振荡及热以提高从陆地或海洋中的储油层中回采油和易挥发性液体的采收率的方法。
涉及从任何油田采油的情况来看，只可能采集存在于其中的部分油。采收率在约17%至约50%间变化。以EKOFISK油田所达到的采收率为例，估计约为20%。
其所以不可能从一个油田中采集所有的油，或至少采集大部分的油，这一事实，其原因牵涉到所述的油是束缚在岩层中，在岩层的孔隙中的油由于毛细管力、表面张力、极性力及粘附力而被束缚在所述的岩层。在开采油的初期所述束缚能可被所述的储油层中占优势的自然压力所克服，但随着此压力逐渐下降，所述的各种力会超过排出的压力，其结果是虽然大部分油仍留在岩层中，但油的开采量却降低。
多年来曾作出了大量的努力，现仍继续努力去增加采收率，而最著名的可行性方法为向储油层内注射水的方法。另外，还开发了用一系列化学物质，其作用或多或少是用来瓦解油与岩层之间的粘附力。除了非常昂贵之外，各种已知方法只对提高采收率做出了少许贡献。例如，上面提及的采收率是在向储油层注射水后计算出来的。如果没有包括这种注射水的过程，则计算出的采收率只约为17%。
除了取得相对来说少量的采收率增加的事实外，水注射法需要对注射井进行多方面的控制。这是与水渗透时发生的所谓“手指问题”相关的。向油田中运动的水阵面并不是以锐利的阵面出现，而宁肯说呈类似伸展“手指”的阵面，这是由于水永远企图寻求岩层中最少阻力的路径。
这种现象可通过观察向一堆砂砾喷射水所发生的现象进行比较。可发现在可让盥流过的地方，水可使砂砾下沉。这种“手指”达到生产井就成为水注射的障碍。这种情况下注射只能生产水。为了克服这些问题曾经做了许多工作以开发这些所谓阵面运动的非常复杂的电脑模型，以便有可能通过既控制水量也控制水压，而避免发生生产井的穿透。
提高采收率自然的方式是通过在岩层内增加压力的方法来克服上面提及的各种束缚力，而不是通过水或其他排出介质的压力阵面。
本发明的目的是在理解典型的储油层中起作用的各种束缚力的基础上公开了实现此目标的方法。
本方法说明了实现所要求的效果的必需的因素，及用于此最终目的技术。
从物理学中可知，当一个物体垂直于另外一个其他物体的运动方向迅速运动时，则两物体之间的摩擦力会急骤的降低。当支承某种仪器时，即探测某些物理变化的记录仪器被安装在一个圆杆的滑动轴承上时，尤其采用上述事实。当上述圆杆转动时，所述轴承与圆杆之间的摩擦力约为0。当我们敲击例如油桶盖时，如果在其上有少许砂粒与水，我们的确可以观察到同样的效果。砂粒与水都会象小水滴一样在盖上“浮起”，且只需极小的力即可将该小滴吹走。
本发明方法的第一部分，其目的是设立储油层的振荡，使截留在岩层中的油产生同样的振荡效果。
只要在储油层中有一种自然压力，一经振荡则该压力将足于挤出比“以断片与平静”的储油层所能挤出的更为可观的油量。既使采用相当低的压力来从油田采集更多的油，但能从油田中采集油的量终究是有限制的。当该自然压力消失后，有两种可以想象得到的采集方式-通过抽吸汲取，其利用所谓的“摇摆泵”，和/或在储油层中的建立新的压力。
由于在储油层中仍残留大量的油，则表示一种液体如通过蒸发可在
储油层中的产生必须的内部压力，以便提供油的采收率。
建议对油进行蒸发可借助让高频电流通过不同的油井之间来达到加热油田的目的，而所述油井通常是用钻井台钻出来的。由于在油田中总是会有少许囟水，和/或这种囟水可通过注射而供应到油田中，直到各个井之间达到水穿透的程度，即可获得导电性的媒介，当接通电源时，该媒介会起着电极炉的作用。生成的能量会使油/水蒸发，因此增加压力就可以采集更多的油。
参考附图而对本方法进行详细的说明：
图1表示储油层的断面图，在该储油层中钻有多个油井a。在进行采集油的油井的较低部分处，注入水银b或其他重的导电液体。所述液体的功能是对周围的岩层c传递振荡，并从一个油井到另一个油井传导电流，同时“闪蒸”出油/水，亦可能冲洗出液面d下的泥浆。
通过电缆e在液体b中，提供高频振荡器，该振荡器是由井面的高频转换器供应能量的，而该转换器又是由发电机h供应能量的。该能量通过电缆e中心的导体向下传递到所述的振荡器中。所述导体是由绝缘体j包住的，在其上还缠以导体k，此导体k又以导电的方式连接到所述振荡器的表面1上。
导体k接受高频转换器n提供的能量，而该转换器则接受由发电机0提供的能量。所述发电机及高频转换器都能提供单相或多相电流。在提供单相电流的情况下，每相连接到一口井;而在三相电流的情况下，则三口井连接到R、S、T相。
也可通过钢管或在传统上用作油井内衬的其他的导电性材料向下传导电流。在这种情况下，只要求导体借助导体i向振荡器本身供应能量。同样在这种情况下，液体b不一定需要是导电的。
图2表示两口油井P及其辅助井q的下部位的放大图，及对穿透水r的说明。
当所述的振荡器接受能量时，所述振荡器使水银b发生振荡，其振荡频率与岩层的自然频率相匹配，导致在所述岩层中发生共振，岩层的振荡向外传播，并会将油从岩层中横向推开。而振荡的能量以岩层中各个粒子间的摩擦热及岩层和流出油间的摩擦热的形式把热能传给岩层，所述热能将使一些油或水蒸发以便维持压力。
当将能量供应到振荡器的表面时，产生的振荡会通过所述的水银传到周围的岩层，且在油田中继续向外传播，直至邻近的油井中的邻近一对电极。当电流是通过油井的内衬向下传导时，也会发生相同的情况。在有水的穿透时导电性会增加，实际上，促使热能在岩层的扩展有所增加。如果岩层是那种不能使两口生产井p之间实现电性的接触时，则必须另外钻凿所谓辅助井，在这些辅助井中也提供相同类型的振荡器/电导体。
图3表示三口油井的截面图，说明振荡t与电场u如何在油井与油井之间传播。
图4为两口油井的截面图，说明当水注射时，可能发生的“手指问题”。
图5表示一口油井的一个区段，说明包括两部振荡器的排列及表示向下进入水银中的振荡的振波及电压的（电）场力线。
Claims (5)
1、一种提高从有油井(a)的储油层中回采油或其它挥发性液体的回采率的方法，该方法包括在与储油层的岩层(c)相关的垂直区中用金属液体(b)注入油井(a)，而该储油层中存在待回采的液体；用置入金属液体(b)中的振荡器振荡该液体(b)，以使产生的振荡与岩层(c)的自然频率相适应，由此该岩层发生振荡，使待回收液体的结合力下降；并且将岩层(c)加热：该方法的特征在于包括许多包含金属液体(b)的油井(a)以及通入金属液体的电导体(e)；还包括将交流电通入不同井中的电极上的加热岩层，该加热作用促使岩层中的油/水蒸发，于是产生了提高采收率的压力。
2、按照权利要求1的方法，其中金属液体（b）是汞。
3、按照权利要求1或2的方法，其中在该油井（a）中所用的振荡器不少于一台。
4、按照权利要求1或2的方法，其中将电流提供给用作电极的金属液体。
5、根据权利要求1或2的方法，其中有含电极的三口油井（a）并且在每口油井上连接三相交流电中的一个相。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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| NO854852A NO161697C (no) | 1985-12-03 | 1985-12-03 | Fremgangsm te for oekning av utvinningsgraden av olj andre flyktige vaesker fra oljereservoar. |
| NO854852 | 1985-12-03 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN86108326A CN86108326A (zh) | 1987-07-01 |
| CN1009672B true CN1009672B (zh) | 1990-09-19 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN86108326A Expired CN1009672B (zh) | 1985-12-03 | 1986-12-03 | 提高油的采收率的方法 |
Country Status (21)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4884634A (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP0249609B1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JPS63502195A (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1009672B (zh) |
| AR (1) | AR243966A1 (zh) |
| AU (1) | AU594402B2 (zh) |
| BR (1) | BR8607011A (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA1281058C (zh) |
| DE (1) | DE3682902D1 (zh) |
| DZ (1) | DZ1012A1 (zh) |
| EG (1) | EG17669A (zh) |
| IL (1) | IL80854A (zh) |
| IN (1) | IN164735B (zh) |
| MX (1) | MX170511B (zh) |
| MY (1) | MY100625A (zh) |
| NO (1) | NO161697C (zh) |
| NZ (1) | NZ218496A (zh) |
| RU (1) | RU1838594C (zh) |
| TR (1) | TR23787A (zh) |
| UA (1) | UA15919A1 (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO1987003643A1 (zh) |
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| US3874450A (en) * | 1973-12-12 | 1975-04-01 | Atlantic Richfield Co | Method and apparatus for electrically heating a subsurface formation |
| US3952800A (en) * | 1974-03-14 | 1976-04-27 | Bodine Albert G | Sonic technique for augmenting the flow of oil from oil bearing formations |
| US3920072A (en) * | 1974-06-24 | 1975-11-18 | Atlantic Richfield Co | Method of producing oil from a subterranean formation |
| US4084638A (en) * | 1975-10-16 | 1978-04-18 | Probe, Incorporated | Method of production stimulation and enhanced recovery of oil |
| US4049053A (en) * | 1976-06-10 | 1977-09-20 | Fisher Sidney T | Recovery of hydrocarbons from partially exhausted oil wells by mechanical wave heating |
| US4060128A (en) * | 1976-10-01 | 1977-11-29 | W Wallace | Tertiary crude oil recovery process |
| US4252189A (en) * | 1979-02-16 | 1981-02-24 | Bodine Albert G | Vibratory method for minimg shale oil or the like |
| SU1086131A1 (ru) * | 1979-06-07 | 1984-04-15 | Всесоюзный нефтегазовый научно-исследовательский институт | Скважинное термоакустическое устройство |
| SU927983A1 (ru) * | 1980-03-21 | 1982-05-15 | Институт теплофизики СО АН СССР | Способ и устройство дл обработки нефт ных скважин |
| US4437518A (en) * | 1980-12-19 | 1984-03-20 | Norman Gottlieb | Apparatus and method for improving the productivity of an oil well |
| FR2507243A1 (fr) * | 1981-06-05 | 1982-12-10 | Syminex Sa | Procede et dispositif electrique de recuperation assistee de petrole |
| FR2517361A1 (fr) * | 1981-11-30 | 1983-06-03 | Neftegazovy Inst | Dispositif thermo-acoustique pour puits |
| US4525263A (en) * | 1984-01-31 | 1985-06-25 | Parkhurst Warren E | Method for cleaning a corrosion protection anode |
-
1985
- 1985-12-03 NO NO854852A patent/NO161697C/no not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1986
- 1986-11-29 MY MYPI86000156A patent/MY100625A/en unknown
- 1986-12-01 IN IN867/CAL/86A patent/IN164735B/en unknown
- 1986-12-02 CA CA000524269A patent/CA1281058C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-12-03 TR TR86/0669A patent/TR23787A/xx unknown
- 1986-12-03 EP EP86906967A patent/EP0249609B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-12-03 WO PCT/NO1986/000080 patent/WO1987003643A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1986-12-03 JP JP61506332A patent/JPS63502195A/ja active Granted
- 1986-12-03 CN CN86108326A patent/CN1009672B/zh not_active Expired
- 1986-12-03 DZ DZ860230A patent/DZ1012A1/fr active
- 1986-12-03 MX MX004529A patent/MX170511B/es unknown
- 1986-12-03 US US07/084,793 patent/US4884634A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-12-03 AU AU66297/86A patent/AU594402B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1986-12-03 AR AR86306076A patent/AR243966A1/es active
- 1986-12-03 EG EG751/86A patent/EG17669A/xx active
- 1986-12-03 DE DE8686906967T patent/DE3682902D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-12-03 NZ NZ218496A patent/NZ218496A/xx unknown
- 1986-12-03 BR BR8607011A patent/BR8607011A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-12-03 IL IL80854A patent/IL80854A/xx unknown
- 1986-12-13 UA UA4203126A patent/UA15919A1/uk unknown
-
1987
- 1987-07-31 RU SU874203126A patent/RU1838594C/ru active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AR243966A1 (es) | 1993-09-30 |
| TR23787A (tr) | 1990-09-13 |
| DE3682902D1 (de) | 1992-01-23 |
| CN86108326A (zh) | 1987-07-01 |
| WO1987003643A1 (en) | 1987-06-18 |
| JPH0443560B2 (zh) | 1992-07-16 |
| IL80854A (en) | 1990-11-05 |
| NO854852L (no) | 1987-06-04 |
| EG17669A (en) | 1990-08-30 |
| DZ1012A1 (fr) | 2004-09-13 |
| JPS63502195A (ja) | 1988-08-25 |
| UA15919A1 (uk) | 1997-06-30 |
| MY100625A (en) | 1990-12-29 |
| EP0249609B1 (en) | 1991-12-11 |
| NO161697C (no) | 1989-09-13 |
| MX170511B (es) | 1993-08-27 |
| AU594402B2 (en) | 1990-03-08 |
| US4884634A (en) | 1989-12-05 |
| EP0249609A1 (en) | 1987-12-23 |
| IL80854A0 (en) | 1987-03-31 |
| RU1838594C (ru) | 1993-08-30 |
| BR8607011A (pt) | 1987-12-01 |
| IN164735B (zh) | 1989-05-20 |
| NO161697B (no) | 1989-06-05 |
| AU6629786A (en) | 1987-06-30 |
| CA1281058C (en) | 1991-03-05 |
| NZ218496A (en) | 1989-05-29 |
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