CN1006248B - Instrument and method of ultrasonic flaw detection - Google Patents
Instrument and method of ultrasonic flaw detection Download PDFInfo
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- CN1006248B CN1006248B CN85105654.7A CN85105654A CN1006248B CN 1006248 B CN1006248 B CN 1006248B CN 85105654 A CN85105654 A CN 85105654A CN 1006248 B CN1006248 B CN 1006248B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a plurality of ultrasonic transducers or probes which are positioned around an object to be detected, such as a steel pipe. One of the transducers is excited to emit an ultrasonic wave beam to an area to be detected. The other transducers receive reflection waves and transmission waves. Then, the sonic pressure of the reflection waves and the sonic pressure of the transmission waves are measured by arithmetic division; that is to say, the sonic pressure of the reflection waves is divided by the sonic pressure of the transmission waves, and an evaluating value is obtained.
Description
This be one about the method for harmless ultrasonic inspection and the invention of instrument thereof.Be suitable for surveying reason owing to the time in solid members, for example the crackle that produces in the steel pipe that centre spinning is made.
The heating tube of the same water vapour contact in reformer apparatus, mainly be by for example HK-40(carbon containing 0.40% with the centrifugal casting manufactured, chromium 25% and nickel 20%) etc. the austenite heat-resistance stainless steel pipe form, its objective is the performance of heat-resisting in order to improve, anticorrosive and compression resistance.Many such casting steel tubes are welded, reach the pipe range of regulation.During use, steam and gas raw material are pressed in the steel pipe that is placed with catalyzer, and this pipe is heated to high temperature by the external heated device.Therefore pipe is under the High Temperature High Pressure, and about triennium with the crackle relevant with the time that occurs producing because of thermal stress that the outer tube surface of heating and temperature difference between cold inside surface cause, or causes defective at inner surface of tube because of this temperature difference.Checking these crackles relevant with the time with lossless manner, accurately grasp the remaining life of pipe, is very important to the stable operation of steel pipe and safety.
The non-destructive method of centrifugal casting pipe crack has X-ray radiography and supersonic sounding.
Though the microradiography X method is effectively to detect the crackle that certain dimension is arranged on the ray propagates direction, the degree of depth along the crackle that stretches perpendicular to the direction of propagation of ray is reached 1% of testee thickness could be detected effectively when above.And other defect such as cut, then can not detect for roentgenography, and therefore, roentgenography is very low on accuracy of detection.
To more uniform steel, for example common forged steel and cast carbon steel check that with ultrasonic inspection underbead crack is effectively.People have known various ultrasonic detection methods.For example: reflectometry, transmission beam method and resonant method.Some one or two ultrasonic transducer of ultrasonic inspection method perpendicular to testee or obliquely launch ultrasound wave in testee, can be selected different detection methods according to the shape of object, the type and the other factors of crackle.
; austenite heat resistanceheat resistant steel pipe to centrifugal casting; in surveying crackle, have a difficulty always: because the material of pipe when making ultrasonic energy arrive the measured point decay very big, and the reflection that thick crystal boundary produces makes on the displayed image because the many echo pulses of appearance become very complicated.Also have a problem to be: because the influence of the casting surface of outer tube-surface makes the hyperacoustic energy that sees through steel pipe be difficult to reach needed size.Therefore, it is not high to lean out rate with the defective of supersonic sounding austenite casting heat resistanceheat resistant pipe, so do not obtain the enough trust of people.
The clear 58-47252 of patented claim NO. of Japanese unexamined has disclosed the technology of surveying steel pipe annular solder position crackle.By the ultrasonic energy of measurement,,, determine whether to exist defective according to calculated value with carrying out plus and minus calculation in these three measured value substitution formula then according to formula through the end of the pipe of weld seam and these weld seam both sides.But because the material character difference of three measurement points of above-mentioned measurement, and it influences the intensity of noise, and in addition, the selection of these three measurement points always can not guarantee to have high precision, so that the precision of this crack-detecting technology is still is lower.
Adopt three ultrasound transducer probe to run into the problems referred to above equally among the clear .59-99251 of Japanese unexamined patent NO..
The applicant has submitted Japanese patent application NO.59-146488 to regard to the method for compensative material attenuation coefficient difference, the divergence problem of shape difference (shape is dispersed) harmony that each probe transmits and receives coefficient difference, ultrasonic beam but this method not have the to solve ultrasonic energy that directly material qualitative difference produces on (beam path).
A task of the present invention provides a kind of by adopting a plurality of ultrasonic transducers and the means of getting a threshold value of fixing, survey the ultrasonic detection method of the Ovshinsky stainless steel part crackle of uneven big crystal grain, thus the variation of the shape of the do not popped one's head in difference that transmits and receives efficient, the difference of visiting some incident and emission efficiency, ultrasonic beam and the upward different influence of material character of sound footpath.
Another task of the present invention provides the instrument of finishing said method.
According to this invention, a plurality of ultrasonic transducers place testee around.One of them is energized, and tested district sends ultrasonic beam to object, receives the reflection and the transmission ultrasound wave of corresponding emission ultrasonic beam then, measures the acoustic pressure of reflection and transmitted wave, use the reflection wave acoustic pressure divided by the transmitted wave acoustic pressure as evaluation of estimate.
An optimum implementation of the present invention is in certain angle with four ultrasonic transducers and places around the tested district of object, these four transducers are excited in proper order send ultrasonic beam, and wherein have two (one promptly to be in this transducer of be excited state adjacent with transmitter, one relative with transmitter) transducers then sequentially to be selected to receive respectively the ultrasound wave of reflection and transmission.
In another embodiment, two ultrasonic transducers are configured in both sides, tested district respectively, launch ultrasonic beam in turn, and start simultaneously, receive reflection and transmission ultrasound wave respectively.
In the 3rd embodiment, four ultrasonic transducers be in certain angle be arranged at respectively tested district around, wherein be excited in turn for two, the emission ultrasonic beam, two in addition (this transducer that promptly is excited with transmitter is adjacent, and one relative with transmitter) selected to be used for receiving respectively and to reflect and the ultrasound wave of transmission.
In the 4th embodiment, three ultrasonic transducers be in certain angle place respectively this district around, wherein two (except that described one) starts respectively simultaneously, receives the ultrasound wave of reflection and transmission.
The instrument of finishing ultrasonic detection method of the present invention comprises: a plurality of that can move relative to testee, orders are detected the district to object and send ultrasound wave, and receive from the reflection and the transmission ultrasound wave in this zone and the ultrasound wave that receives is converted to the transducer of electric signal; The scrambler that can produce the position signalling of the relative position that indicates ultrasonic transducer and testee; One in response to position signalling sequential energisation ultrasonic transducer and receive device from the electric signal of ultrasonic transducer; The electrical signal conversion that handle receives is the analog-digital converter of digital signal; The register of a storage digital signal; One with the operational method of reflection supersonic wave acoustic pressure divided by transmission ultrasound wave acoustic pressure, will become the computing machine of evaluation of estimate from the digital signal processing of register.
Above-mentioned device also comprises a channel to channel adapter, the a certain ultrasonic transducer of its select progressively is the hyperacoustic transmitter of emission, selection two ultrasonic transducers is in addition reflected and transmission ultrasonic reception device for receiving, a ultrasonic tesint instrument that encourages selected ultrasonic transmitter and receive electric signal from selected ultrasonic receiver.
From description below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, can clearer foregoing of the present invention, feature and advantage.
Fig. 1 is used for the view that a kind of four ultrasonic transducers according to the embodiment of the inventive method are provided with.
Fig. 2 a shows according to around angle of different gardens week of measured tube to Fig. 2 h, different transducers between reflection and the oscillogram of transmission ultrasonic energy.
Fig. 3 has described the oscillogram that obtains through arithmetical operation to Fig. 2 h from Fig. 2 a.
Fig. 4, the view that is provided with for a kind of pair of ultrasonic transducer that is used for according to the method for another embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5, the view that is provided with for three ultrasonic transducers of the method that is used for another embodiment.
Fig. 6, the view that is provided with for four ultrasonic transducers of the method that is used for another embodiment.
Fig. 7 shows the curve map of relation of the circumference angle position of reflectance ultrasound wave energy between a pair of transducer and tested pipe.
Fig. 8 shows the curve map of relation of the circumference angle position of transmission ultrasonic energy between a pair of transducer and tested pipe.
Fig. 9 shows the curve map of the relation of evaluation of estimate that data that representative records by the transducer plan of establishment of Fig. 5 derive and tested pipe angle of circumference degree position.
Figure 10, similar Fig. 9 illustrates the curve map of expression by the evaluation of estimate of average data derivation.
Figure 11 is for realizing circuit block diagram of the present invention.
Set forth a defect detection on ultrasonic basis of the present invention with reference to Fig. 1.In Fig. 1, the austenite heat resistanceheat resistant cast-steel pipe of checking a heating with defect detection on ultrasonic basis is shown.Certainly, the present invention also is fit to because material crystal boundary and will produce tubing that the various materials of noise make and the defect detection in the sheet material.
As shown in Figure 1, four ultrasonic transducer A, B, C, D dispose around tested pipe, and the layout of ultrasonic probe A, B, C, D should satisfy: the ultrasound wave of production passes the axis and the circumference of steel pipe, and are the inherent vice O reflection along the circumference extension of steel pipe.More particularly, when probe A stimulated emission ultrasonic beam, transducer B is received from the ultrasound wave of defective O reflection, and can make transducer C receive the ultrasonic beam that defective O is crossed in transmission.As other transducer B, C, when D distinguishes the stimulated emission ultrasonic beam, transducer A, D or D, A or C, B receive reflection and the ultrasonic wave energy of transmission as receiver equally.Ultrasonic acoustic footpath in the pipe is shown in the arrow among Fig. 11.
When four transducer A, B, C, D were excited as transmitter emission ultrasonic beam in proper order, corresponding transducer was to then receiving reflection and transmission ultrasound wave in proper order.
As above, the result of ultrasound wave sequential firing and receiving course, four transducer A, B, C, D proceeding measurement to four ultrasonic reflections energy or acoustic pressure: PAB, PBA, PCD, PDC and four ultrasonic wave energy of transmission or acoustic pressure: PAC, PCA, PDB, PBD.
The acoustic pressure of being received is expressed as follows:
Reflection:
PAB＝PA·ζA·ξAO·δAB·ξOB·ηB
PBA＝PB·ζE·ξBO·δBA·ξOA·ηA
PCD＝PC·ζC·ξCO·δCD·ξOD·ηD
PDC＝PD·ζD·ξDO·δDC·ξOC·ηC
Transmission:
PAC＝PA·ζA·ξAO·γAC·ξOC·ηC
PCA＝PC·ζC·ξCO·γCA·ξOA·ηA
PDB＝PD·ζD·ξDO·γDB·ξOB·ηB
PBD＝PB·ζB·ξBO·γBD·ξOD·ηD
Wherein,
PAB(PBA, PCD, PDC, PAC, PCA, PDB, PBD): transducer A(B, C, D, A, C, D, B) emission is during ultrasound wave, transducer B(A, D, C, D, A, B, D) acoustic pressure that receives.
PA(PB, PC, PD): transducer A(B, C, D) emission acoustic pressure.
ζ A(ζ B, ζ C, ζ D): transducer A(B, C, D) emission efficiency.(the incident efficient that comprises tube-surface)
ξ AO(ξ BO, ξ CO, ξ DO, ξ DA, ξ OB, ξ DC, ξ OD): considered by along transducer A(or defective) (B, C, D, D, O, D, O) to defective O(or transducer) shape of acoustic beam on the sound footpath of (O, O, O, A, B, C, D) and length different, and the factor of the ultrasonic scattering influence that on an equal basis crystal is not caused of material character.
δ AB(δ BA, δ CD, δ DC): from transducer A(B, C, D) to transducer B(A, D, C) and the defect reflection coefficient.
γ AC(γ CA, γ DB, γ BD): from transducer A(C, C, B) to transducer C(A, B, D) and acoustic beam defective transmission coefficient.
η A(η B, η C, η D): transducer A(B, C, D) receiving efficiency (emission efficiency that comprises tube-surface).
The long-pending of four reflecting acoustic pressures divided by the long-pending of four transmission acoustic pressures is:
Long-pending=PAB * PBA * PCD * PDC/PAC * PCA * PDB * the PBD of the long-pending/transmission acoustic pressure of reflecting acoustic pressure
＝δAB×δBA×δCD×δDC/γAC×γCA×γDB×γBD
=only relevant constant with defect shape
＝Kc
4
Above-mentioned mathematical operation result is confirmed by experiment, be excited to produce the ultrasound wave of 1MHZ frequency surveys steel pipe with the ultrasonic transducer of Fig. 1 setting, outer diameter of steel pipes is 123mm, internal diameter is 83.6mm, have at 1/2 thickness of pipe place 19.7mm thick, along the defective that garden Zhou Fangxiang extends 20mm, the results are shown in Fig. 2 a to 2h.
Among Fig. 2 a each width of cloth figure in the 2h, transverse axis is the garden round angle around steel pipe, the longitudinal axis is the acoustic pressure of corresponding reception, when Fig. 2 a launches ultrasound wave for transducer A, transducer B receives the ultrasound wave that defective reflected, and the transmission ultrasonic wave that Fig. 2 b sends for transducer A is crossed the acoustic pressure that is received by transducer C after the defective.The acoustic pressure that the ultrasound wave that Fig. 2 c sends for transducer B is received by transducer A after by defect reflection, after the transmission ultrasonic wave that Fig. 2 d sends for transducer C is crossed defective, the acoustic pressure that receives by transducer A.The ultrasound wave that Fig. 2 e sends for transducer C behind defect reflection, the acoustic pressure that is received by transducer D.After the transmission ultrasonic wave that Fig. 2 f sends for transducer B is crossed defective, be the acoustic pressure of transducer D acceptance.The ultrasound wave that Fig. 2 g sends for transducer D by defect reflection after, be the acoustic pressure that transducer C accepts.After the transmission ultrasonic wave that Fig. 2 h sends for transducer D is crossed defective, be the acoustic pressure of transducer B acceptance.In the actual detected process, owing to transducer A, B, C, D will be by changing-overs when moving around steel pipe, so will introduce the site error of several milliseconds (ms), this shape to acoustic beam is dispersed and can be omitted.
Fig. 3 has showed by the present invention recording data gained result after arithmetical operation.In Fig. 3, what receive is not from the signal of defective O but noise, the scattering wave of crystal boundary on the sound footpath for example, and their are flattened slidingly through arithmetical operation, thereby acoustic pressure are reduced.Therefore in order to last arithmetical operation, reduce noise, given prominence to flaw indication.So, improved noise (S/N) ratio.
This invention is not limited in the method for above-mentioned detection heat resistanceheat resistant austenite cast steel heating tube, and can be used for the flaw detection of crackle in different shape and the material.For example, the ingot bar and the light sheet that have different ultrasonic attenuation sections, various grain sizes, direction and shape.
Though in the above-described embodiment, defective O is oriented to the circumferencial direction of steel pipe, the transducer setting identical with Fig. 1 also can detect axial flaw.In operation, when for example transducer A was ultrasonic transmitter, so, transducer D received the reflection supersonic wave of axial flaw as receiver.The acoustic pressure that receives is expressed as follows:
Reflection:
PAD＝PA·ζA·ξAO·δAD·ξOD·ηD
PBC＝PB·ζB·ξBO·δBC·ξOC·ηC
PCB＝PC·ζC·ξCO·δCB·ξOB·ηB
PDA＝PD·ζD·ξDO·δDA·ξOA·ηA
Transmission:
PAC＝PA·ζA·ξAO·γAC·ξOC·ηC
PCA＝PC·ζC·ξCO·γCA·ξOA·ηA
PDB＝PD·ζD·ξDO·γDB·ξOB·ηB
PBD＝PB·ζB·ξBO·γBD·ξOD·ηD
Therefore:
Reflected sound hematocrit/transmission acoustic pressure is amassed=PAD * PBC * PCB * PDA/PAC * PBD * PCA * PDB
＝δAD×δBC×δCB×δDA/γAC×γBD×γCA×γDB
=only relevant constant with defect shape
＝KR
4
Fig. 4 shows another embodiment of defect detection on ultrasonic basis of the present invention.This ultrasonic detection method is used for when being oriented in of measured object (for example steel pipe) defective O is fixed-direction in the object 1.Two transducer A, B place the both sides of the middle defective O of normal direction that is clipped in them respectively, and during work, transducer A is excited to send ultrasonic beam as ultrasonic transmitter to transducer B.Transducer B receives the ultrasonic beam that defective is crossed in transmission.Transducer A is alternately as hyperacoustic emitter/receiver, and on the one hand to transducer B emission ultrasonic beam, transducer A receives the reflection wave of defective O along sound footpath AA on the one hand.Transducer B receives the ultrasound wave that defective is crossed in transmission along sound footpath AB.
Then, transducer B is excited to send ultrasonic beam as ultrasonic transmitter towards transducer A, and transducer A receives the ultrasound wave that defective O is crossed in transmission.Also alternately is as hyperacoustic emitter/receiver for transducer B, and it is when transducer A emission ultrasound wave, and then transducer B receives the reflection wave of defective O along sound footpath BB, and transducer A receives the ultrasound wave that defective O is crossed in transmission along sound footpath BA.
In above ultrasonic emitting and receiving course, two reflectance ultrasound wave energies of two transducer A, B wheel flow measurements are acoustic pressure PAA, PBB, and two transmission ultrasonic energies are acoustic pressure PAB, PBA.
The acoustic pressure that receives is expressed as follows;
Reflection:
PAA＝PA·ζA·ξAO·δAA·ξOA·ηA
PBB＝PB·ζB·ξBO·δBB·ξOB·ηB
Transmission:
PAB＝PA·ζA·ξAO·γAB·ξOB·ηB
PBA＝PB·ζB·ξBO·γBA·ξOA·ηA
Wherein:
PAA(PBB, PAB, PBA): transducer A(B, A, B) when sending ultrasonic beam, transducer A(B, B, A) acoustic pressure that receives.
PA(PB): the acoustic pressure of transducer (B) emission.
ζ A(ζ B): the emission efficiency of transducer (B) (the incident efficient that comprises steel tube surface).
ξ AO(ξ BO, ξ OA, ξ OB): considered by along transducer A(or defective) (B, O, O) to defective O(or transducer) shape of acoustic beam on the sound footpath of (O, A, B) and length different, and the not factor of the influence of the ultrasonic scattering that causes of crystal simultaneously of material character.
δ AA(δ BB): transducer A(B) to transducer A(B the reflection coefficient on the defective).
γ AB(γ BA): transducer A(B) to transducer B(A the transmission coefficient on the defective).
η A(η B): receiving efficiency transducer A(B) (emission efficiency that comprises steel tube surface).
The long-pending of two reflecting acoustic pressures divided by two amassing of transmission acoustic pressure is:
Reflecting acoustic pressure is to be amassed/and the transmission acoustic pressure is to be amassed=PAA * PBB/PAB * PBA
=δ AA * δ BB/ γ AB * only relevant the constant of γ BA=with defect shape
＝K
2
According to the result of calculation and a constant threshold value of top arithmetical operation, just can judge whether there is defective.
With calculated value evolution (degree of evolution equal taken advantage of item number), just obtain evaluation of estimate K.Regulate output level, so that evaluation result.
Fig. 5 is the explanation to the another embodiment of defect detection on ultrasonic basis of the present invention.When all influence factors such as: because the shape of acoustic beam and length and the influence that scattering causes to crystal of measured object material character are constant on sound footpath, the receiving efficiency of transducer is identical.In Fig. 5, ultrasonic transducer A, B place the both sides of measured object or steel pipe 1 defective 2 respectively, and the ultrasonic beam that makes transducer A send is crossed defective 2 directive transducer B with transmission.Another ultrasonic transducer C is configured to make it receive the position of the reflection supersonic wave of defective 2.Defective 2 is transducer A half to the sound path length of transducer B to the distance of transducer C.Sound footpath central point between transducer A, B is D.Transmission ultrasonic beam direction from transducer A to transducer B is shown in arrow RB, from transducer A through defective 2 to the reflectance ultrasound wave beam direction of transducer C shown in arrow RC, witness marker RB, RC, be used to represent the acoustic pressure of the ultrasonic energy of propagating in the direction hereinafter.
Therefore, the effect of transducer B, the C in Fig. 5 is a size of measuring transmission and reflection supersonic wave.That is to say, the ultrasound wave that transducer A sends respectively steel pipe selected axially on and transmission and reflecting acoustic pressure RB, RC on the perimeter surface of whole garden.Measurement and Data Processing are as follows:
Reflection and transmission acoustic pressure RC, RB are expressed as follows:
RC＝Pok
Re
-μl
RB＝Pok
Te
-μl
Wherein: RC: reflecting acoustic pressure
RB: transmission acoustic pressure
K: with the inverse of steel tube surface ultrasonic transmission rate and the relevant coefficient of dispersing of degree number of ultrasonic beam.
R: the reflection coefficient of defective
T: the transmission coefficient of defective
μ: attenuation coefficient
L: transmission and reflection supersonic wave the distance (sound footpath length) of process
PO: the acoustic pressure of transducer A emission.
By this embodiment, evaluation of estimate is calculated by following formula:
Evaluation of estimate=RC/RB=
R/
T
=only relevant constant with defect shape.
Fig. 6 illustrates the setting of ultrasonic transducer in another embodiment.Different steel pipe 1a, the 1b of two sections material characters, be soldered to together, the attenuation coefficient that weld seam 3 has a defective 2, two sections steel pipe 1a, 1b is μ
1, μ
2, except that attenuation coefficient, other influence factors constant all on the measured piece.Acoustic pressure, transducer emission efficiency and the receiving efficiency of transducer emission are all near identical.Two transmitting transducer A
1, A
2With two receiving transducer B
1, B
2Dispose in pairs with respect to the tested district that contains defectiveness.Receiving transducer B
1Receive transmitting transducer A
1Ultrasound wave R emission, that reflected by defective 2
1, also receive transmitting transducer A
2The ultrasonic beam R of defective 2 is crossed in the transmission of emission
4Receiving transducer B
2Receive transmitting transducer A
2Ultrasonic beam R emission, that reflected by defective 2
2, also accept A
1Emission, transmission crosses the ultrasonic beam R of defective 2
3, witness marker R
1, R
2, R
3, R
4Also be used for representing the acoustic pressure of received ultrasonic beam and reflection wave.
The reception acoustic pressure is as follows:
=only relevant constant with defect shape
Because this evaluation of estimate does not rely on the variation of weld seam two layers of material character, so it is to determining whether that having defective is effectively, has so just improved the result's who judges reliability.
The transducer that moves around steel pipe is one after the other measured data, survey data and mutual relationship is as follows:
Fig. 7 shows the reflection supersonic wave echo data of surveying according to the transducer of Fig. 5 setting and the curve of making.Transverse axis is represented the angle of circumference around steel pipe among the figure, and the longitudinal axis is a reflecting acoustic pressure intensity.Fig. 8 shows the curve that the hyperacoustic data of transmission surveyed according to the transducer of Fig. 5 setting are made, and among the figure, transverse axis is represented the angle of circumference around steel pipe.The longitudinal axis is the transmission sound pressure.It is the artificial defect of 1/2 thickness of pipe that this test steel pipe has a degree of depth, has indicated the position of defective in Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 with arrow.Owing to the material character of pipe and defect condition have been simplified, so the waveform among Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 has clearly illustrated defective in many reflection waves and transmitted wave acoustic pressure.Yet,, on figure, differentiate still suitable difficulty of defective to actual steel pipe with the centrifugal casting manufactured.
Fig. 9 illustrates the result of the evaluation of estimate RC/RB that calculates by method of the present invention.The longitudinal axis is the amount of representing with relative unit, and it is not subjected to the influence of pipe material character.
If adopt ultrasonic transducer shown in Figure 6 to arrange, calculate evaluation of estimate R with detection data
1* R
2/ R
3* R
4, can obtain arriving the same result of Fig. 9 with Fig. 7.
Transmission and reflection supersonic wave are subjected to the influence of the local scattered noise of crystal boundary generation, and these noises are at random, change with the sound footpath is different.Because any defective and crackle all have certain space thickness, so, all center on tested steel pipe from the ultrasound wave of defect reflection and transmission and launch certain angle and propagate.After considering the ultrasonic energy intensity difference that local scattered noise intensity and defective cause, should with on the steel pipe circumference and the data that obtain on the axis be averaged and obtain secondary data.In secondary data, it is quite level and smooth that local scattered noise becomes.Then, secondary data is obtained evaluation of estimate by the inventive method processing.The method is surveyed crack defect higher reliability, as shown in figure 10.It is earlier right to handle at first also that raw data obtains evaluation of estimate, the computing that again evaluation of estimate is averaged replaces, and raw data is averaged and the computing of these mean values of aftertreatment.
Figure 11 shows the circuit block diagram of reflectoscope of the present invention.
Shown in Figure 11, channel to channel adapter 10 connects four ultrasonic transducer A, B, C, D, and transducer can send the ultrasound wave of frequency range from 0.1MHz-10MHz to measured object (as steel pipe), also can receive the reflection and the transmission ultrasound wave of steel pipe.And this ultrasound wave is converted to electric signal.Channel to channel adapter 10 selected transducers are ultrasonic transmitter, and another is a receiver.Channel to channel adapter sequentially selects different emitter/receivers right, and they are connected with supersonic wave test instrument 11.Tester can enable to launch ultrasonic beam to the selected instantaneous high pressure that provides of ultrasonic transmitter, also can receive the electric signal that comes from selected receiver.The electric signal that comes out from ultrasonic tesint instrument 11 is sent into gain circuit for rectifying 13 through wave filter 12 filtering.The signal that is remedied to specified level is sent into high-speed AD converter (A/D) 14 again, and electric signal is changed into digital signal.The digital signal of coming out from high-speed AD converter A/D14 is stored in the register 15.The signal of storage is read out after interface 16 is sent into computing machine 17.Computing machine 17 can comprise one 16 CPU, and it can be processed into evaluation of estimate to the data that ultrasonic transducer A, B, C, D record one by one by the present invention's method noted earlier.
Transducer group A, B, C, D and rotary encoder 18 couplings, scrambler can produce an indication, and transducer is with respect to the signal of the angle of circumference angle position of steel pipe.Position signalling from scrambler is admitted to encoder interfaces 19, produces a trigger pip there.The trigger pip of timing component 20 response coding device interfaces 19, to channel to channel adapter 10 and ultrasonic tesint instrument 11 output timing signals, make tester receive the signal of ultrasonic transducer A, B, C, D in proper order, the trigger pip of encoder interfaces 19 is also sent into location counter 21, it writes down the position of transducer with respect to pipe, and location counter 21 is with signal input interface 16.
Claims (17)
1, a kind of method of ultrasonic listening crackle is characterized in that comprising:
(a) around the tested district of object a plurality of transducers are set;
(b) excite in the described ultrasonic transducer one, to the tested district's emission of object ultrasound wave;
(c) response institute ultrasonic waves transmitted bundle, the ultrasound wave of tested district reflection of reception object and transmission;
(d) measure reflection wave and transmitted wave acoustic pressure;
(e) with the reflection supersonic wave acoustic pressure divided by transmission ultrasound wave acoustic pressure, as the evaluation of estimate that obtains.
2, according to the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that four ultrasonic transducers are round the tested district of object and dispose by certain angular relationship each other, these four transducers ultrasonic beam that is stimulated out in proper order, wherein in two is with to be excited transducer adjacent, another and be excited to be between the transducer diagonal positions relation, they one after the other are selected to the reception reflection supersonic wave respectively.
3, according to the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that two ultrasonic transducers place the both sides in the tested district of object respectively, their ultrasonic beams that is stimulated out in turn, and work simultaneously, receive reflection and transmitted wave respectively.
4, according to the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that four ultrasonic transducers are around the tested district of object and disposing by certain angular relationship each other, two stimulated emission ultrasonic beams in turn wherein, in addition in two is with to be excited transducer adjacent, and another and be excited to be between the transducer diagonal positions relation, they receive reflection and transmitted wave respectively.
5, according to the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that three ultrasonic transducers dispose by certain angular relationship around the tested district of object and each other, except that a described ultrasonic transducer, work simultaneously for two in addition, receive reflection wave and transmitted wave respectively.
6, a kind of reflectoscope is characterized in that comprising:
(a) a plurality of ultrasonic transducers, they are with respect to testee mode and being provided with movably, sequentially to object tested district emission ultrasound wave with receive reflection wave and transmitted wave from the tested district of object, and convert thereof into electric signal;
(b) scrambler that is coupled with ultrasonic transducer, it produces the signal of an expression transducer and testee relative position;
(c) electrical signal conversion that receives of handle is the analog to digital converter of digital signal;
(d) register of storing digital signal; With
(e) computing machine, it is by becoming evaluation of estimate to the digital signal processing of taking out in the register with reflecting acoustic pressure divided by the algorithm of transmission acoustic pressure.
7, according to according to the instrument of claim 6, it is characterized in that also including channel to channel adapter, in its select progressively ultrasonic transducer one launches ultrasound wave for transmitter, and selecting in addition, two transducers are that receiver receives reflection and transmitted wave.At last, instrument also comprises supersonic wave test instrument, and it excites selected ultrasonic transmitter and receives electric signal from selected receiver.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN85105654.7A CN1006248B (en) | 1985-07-25 | 1985-07-25 | Instrument and method of ultrasonic flaw detection |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN85105654.7A CN1006248B (en) | 1985-07-25 | 1985-07-25 | Instrument and method of ultrasonic flaw detection |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN85105654A CN85105654A (en) | 1987-03-04 |
| CN1006248B true CN1006248B (en) | 1989-12-27 |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN85105654.7A Expired CN1006248B (en) | 1985-07-25 | 1985-07-25 | Instrument and method of ultrasonic flaw detection |
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| DE102006033001A1 (en) * | 2006-07-17 | 2008-01-24 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Method for assessing a condition of a value document in terms of limpness and means for carrying out the method |
| CN103439410B (en) * | 2013-09-05 | 2017-01-18 | 武汉武桥检测工程有限公司 | Method for detecting steel weld joint with layer by using ultrasonic waves |
| CN104820017B (en) * | 2015-04-26 | 2017-07-14 | 北京工业大学 | Multi-layer bonded structural interface Morphology observation method |
| CN107478716B (en) * | 2017-07-06 | 2020-07-28 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一九研究所 | Detection device and detection method for gas-liquid two-phase distribution field in boiler |
| CN107655980B (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2020-05-08 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Shale in-situ crack distribution detection system |
| CN109216223A (en) * | 2018-09-03 | 2019-01-15 | 德淮半导体有限公司 | The measurement method of wafer bonding energy detection device and wafer bonding energy |
-
1985
- 1985-07-25 CN CN85105654.7A patent/CN1006248B/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100344968C (en) * | 2004-03-12 | 2007-10-24 | 南京大学 | Excitation of single non-axial-symmetric pipe line guide mode and pipeline no-demaged detection method |
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