CN100595370C - Method for measuring porosity of not weaving fabric - Google Patents
Method for measuring porosity of not weaving fabric Download PDFInfo
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- CN100595370C CN100595370C CN200610118729A CN200610118729A CN100595370C CN 100595370 C CN100595370 C CN 100595370C CN 200610118729 A CN200610118729 A CN 200610118729A CN 200610118729 A CN200610118729 A CN 200610118729A CN 100595370 C CN100595370 C CN 100595370C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a method for measuring porosity of non-woven fabric and its measurement system. Said measurement method includes the following steps: firstly, sampling non-woven fabric, then cottecting non-woven fabric image, processing non-woven fabric image and measuring non-woven fabric porosity. Said measurement system includes microscope, light source, CCD camera, interface attachment, image collecting card and computer.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of textiles, be specifically related to a kind of porosity of not weaving fabric measuring method and system.
Background technology
The various aspects that non-weaving cloth is produced, lived with its unique manufacturing process and structural behaviour are being brought into play important effect.In fields such as health care, civil engineering, environmental protection, agriculturals, porosity is one of most important parameters of weighing the non-weaving cloth quality, is subjected to extensive concern.General porosity is big more, and the non-weaving cloth interior pore volume is big more, and then permeability is good more.Special porosity of not weaving fabric measuring method and system do not appear at present as yet, the porosity measurement method that people often use woven fabric or porous material is surveyed the porosity of non-weaving cloth, and commonly used have weighing method, fabric air-permeability instrument method, aperture analyzer method and a scanning method etc.Weighing method is mass area ratio and a thickness of measuring non-weaving cloth, with the product of mass area ratio divided by thickness and non-weaving cloth material density, with 1 merchant who deducts gained, has just obtained porosity.As can be seen, this is a kind of indirect method.But when non-weaving cloth is made up of plurality of raw materials, its material density will be difficult to determine that the method is also no longer suitable.Fabric air-permeability instrument method is to reflect the gas permeability of fabric with the fabric two sides regulation following unit interval of pressure reduction by the air mass flow of fabric unit are, thereby reflects porosity indirectly.But, because Air permenbility becomes non-linear relation with fabric two sides pressure reduction, must measure Air permenbility-differential pressure curve earlier before the permeability test, just can inquire into the permeability that fabric, but the workload of doing experiment like this is very big, and can not directly provides the numerical value of porosity.The measuring principle of aperture analyzer method is, earlier soak into testing sample, increase air pressure gradually from the sample one side again, liquid is extruded from the hole of material with gas with fountain solution, the air pressure that the air pressure substitution of this moment is known-aperture relation just can obtain pore size herein.Because required gas pressure and the aperture of liquid is inversely proportional in the extrusion cavities, therefore, the stenosis in the duct, gas pressure has also reached maximum.In case reach maximum pressure, all liq will be displaced in the hole, and gas has just been got through this duct, and instrument has also just detected the existence in this hole.Because the pressure of the gas pressure that the records stenosis that is the displacement duct, the aperture of therefore calculating gained is the narrow aperture in this duct just.That is to say that all apertures that recorded by this instrument all are narrow apertures.The porosity that obtains like this will have apparent in view difference with actual conditions.In addition, this instrument belongs to large-scale precision instrument, and price is difficult to extensive use at home up to three to 40,000 dollars.The measuring principle of scanning method is with b ray scanning testing sample, by the b ray of receiver reception fabric reflection, to measure porosity according to the power that receives light.With the obvious deficiency of the same this method of aperture analyzer method is apparatus expensive, is difficult to promote at home.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of porosity of not weaving fabric measuring method and system, can measure porosity of not weaving fabric accurately and efficiently.
A kind of porosity of not weaving fabric measuring method of the present invention comprises the steps:
(1) carries out the non-weaving cloth sampling: on non-weaving cloth, randomly draw 20 samples.Specific practice is, all carries out 10 five equilibriums at non-weaving cloth length direction and width, so just divided 100 little lattice on non-weaving cloth.Then, give each little lattice numbering in proper order by " it " font.Worked out a randomizer program, after this program operation, computer can produce the integer between 20 1 to 100 at random, allow these 20 random numbers represent the number of 20 little lattice, again the non-weaving cloth sample of corresponding little lattice is extracted, thereby realized grab sample on non-weaving cloth, sample size is 20.
(2) gather fibre image: the non-weaving cloth fiber sample is made section, be placed on microscopically, by the optical microscope system enlarged image, the non-weaving cloth image that adopts the ccd video camera collection to amplify through microscope.
(3) handle fibre image: the fibre image of gathering is converted into digital picture through image pick-up card and imports in the computer, utilize the software of native system that image is handled, comprise gray scale enhancing, smoothing processing, binary conversion treatment and shape filtering, thereby obtain fiber profile clearly.
It is to concern that by certain pointwise changes the gray value of each pixel in the image that described gray scale strengthens, and the grey scale change scope is broadened, and the difference between fiber and the background gray scale increases, and the target that originally was difficult to detect has just detected easily.
Described smoothing processing is the various noises that produce in removal of images collection and the image transport process, what the present invention adopted is median filtering technology, promptly the gray value that with certain point is all pixels in the wicket at center is arranged by order from big to small, with the gray value of median as this point.
Described binary conversion treatment is for fiber and hole are made a distinction, and its key is determining of threshold value.The adaptive threshold that is based on multiscale analysis that the present invention adopts is determined method, promptly earlier than under the large scale image histogram being decomposed, default cut zone, and utilize by negative and determine initial threshold to positive zero cross point, progressively reduce yardstick then up to smallest dimension, solve the corresponding relation of threshold value between the two adjacent yardsticks by the difference of more adjacent yardstick lower threshold value, the zero cross point under the smallest dimension is determined optimal threshold at last.
Described shape filtering be by corrosion (make the zone simultaneously from around inwardly dwindle), expand (make the zone simultaneously from around inwardly enlarge), acnode in refinement (figure similar the image transitions forming shape, that forms by simple camber line and curve) and the beta pruning processing removal of images such as (eliminating the burr the figure after the refinement), breakpoint and residual.
(4) measure porosity of not weaving fabric: utilize that white portion is the area and the sample gross area of hole in the software computed image of native system, just obtained the porosity of non-weaving cloth sample with pore area divided by the sample gross area.20 non-weaving cloth samples randomly drawing are measured its porosity respectively, ask their mean value then, just obtained the porosity of this kind non-weaving cloth.
A kind of non-weaving cloth hole measuring system comprises microscope, light source, ccd video camera, interface annex, image pick-up card, computer.
Described light source places the microscope carrier below;
Described ccd video camera places the microscope top by the interface annex; Non-weaving cloth image by microscope collection amplification;
Described image pick-up card becomes digital picture with the non-weaving cloth image transitions and imports in the computer;
Described processing and measurement porosity of not weaving fabric, the Array CCD Camera of employing Pulnix TM-6703 high-speed camera head, resolution ratio is 640 ﹠amp; Acute; 480.Adopt Lumenera Scientific Infinity Camera type image pick-up card.Adopt the Optiplex 170L of Dell type computer, technical performance: the Pentium of Intel 4 central processing units (3.00GHz), 512MB binary channels DDR internal memory, 160GB SATA hard disk, Radeon video card (128MB video memory), 17 inches LCDs.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the invention solves the problem of measuring porosity of not weaving fabric accurately and efficiently; The present invention utilizes the randomizer program to realize science, the reasonable sampling of non-weaving cloth; The present invention has designed image and has handled and porosity measurement software, easy and simple to handle, equipment cost is lower, and measurement result accurately and reliably, overcome the additive method inefficiency, the manual operation error is big or the shortcoming of apparatus expensive, will play a positive role aspect non-weaving cloth quality test and the evaluation.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a non-weaving cloth grab sample schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the comparison diagram of the inventive method and weighing method porosity of not weaving fabric measurement result.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further set forth the present invention.Should be understood that these embodiment only to be used to the present invention is described and be not used in and limit the scope of the invention.Should be understood that in addition those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications the present invention after the content of having read the present invention's instruction, these equivalent form of values fall within the application's appended claims institute restricted portion equally.
See also Fig. 1, it is the structural representation of system of the present invention.The randomizer program that system of the present invention utilizes the present invention to work out realizes the non-weaving cloth grab sample, utilize ccd video camera 3 and microscope 1 to gather the non-weaving cloth image, utilize image pick-up card 5 that the non-weaving cloth image transitions is become digital picture and import in the computer 6, utilize the software of native system design to carry out image and handle and porosity measurement.
One. hardware is formed
As shown in Figure 1, native system hardware is formed and is mainly comprised microscope 1, light source 2, ccd video camera 3, interface annex 4, image pick-up card 5, computer 6 etc.Microscope 1 light source adopts transmitted light, and light source 2 adopts light emitting diode.The spectral characteristic of microscope light source will influence the micro-image quality of sample to be tested.In order to obtain to help the image of Computer Processing, selected light source is a monochromatic light.Ccd video camera 3 places microscope 1 top by interface annex 4, gathers the non-weaving cloth image that amplifies by 1 pair of non-weaving cloth sample of microscope 7.Image pick-up card 5 becomes digital picture with the non-weaving cloth image transitions and imports in the computer 6.The hardware unit that native system adopts has: the Array CCD Camera of Pulnix TM-6703 high-speed camera head, and resolution ratio is 640﹠amp; Acute; 480, Lumenera Scientific Infinity Camera type image pick-up card.Adopt the Optiplex170L of Dell type computer, technical performance: the Pentium of Intel 4 central processing units (3.00GHz), 512MB binary channels DDR internal memory, 160GB SATA hard disk, Radeon video card (128MB video memory), 17 inches LCDs.
Two. software section
The software section of native system mainly comprises the randomizer program that is used for non-weaving cloth sampling, non-weaving cloth image processing program, porosity of not weaving fabric process of measurement etc.
1. non-weaving cloth sampling: move randomizer program of the present invention, computer can produce the integer between 20 1 to 100 at random, allow these 20 random numbers represent the number of 20 little lattice of non-weaving cloth, again the non-weaving cloth sample of corresponding little lattice is extracted, just realized the grab sample of non-weaving cloth, sample size is 20.2. the non-weaving cloth image is handled: utilize the software of native system that image is handled, comprise gray scale enhancing, smoothing processing, binary conversion treatment and shape filtering.3. porosity of not weaving fabric is measured: utilize that white portion is the area and the sample gross area of hole in the software computed image of native system, just obtained the porosity of non-weaving cloth sample with pore area divided by the sample gross area.20 non-weaving cloth samples randomly drawing are measured its porosity respectively, ask their mean value then, just obtained the porosity of this kind non-weaving cloth.Use system of the present invention to carry out the non-weaving cloth sampling, concrete steps are: (1) all carries out 10 five equilibriums at non-weaving cloth length direction and width, has so just divided 100 little lattice on non-weaving cloth.Then, give each little lattice numbering in proper order by " it " font.For example, give No. 1 to No. 10 little lattice numbering after, need change to next line, give little lattice numbering No. 11 to No. 20, at this moment, No. 11 little lattice should be under No. 10, and should not be in No. 1 under, it is opposite with lastrow just promptly to number direction, as shown in Figure 2.(2) the randomizer program of operation native system, computer can produce the integer between 20 1 to 100 at random, for example 45,17,91,3,30,76,7,62,9,38,99,21,58,15,55,83,67,33,50,87, allow these 20 random numbers represent the number of 20 little lattice, again the non-weaving cloth sample of corresponding little lattice is extracted, thereby realized the grab sample of non-weaving cloth, sample size is 20, referring to Fig. 2.Use system acquisition non-weaving cloth image of the present invention, concrete steps are: (1) is positioned over the non-weaving cloth sample of randomly drawing on the microscope carrier, ccd video camera is placed the microscope top by the interface annex, the image pick-up card of ccd video camera and computer is coupled together, open video camera.(2) open light source, begin to gather the non-weaving cloth image.Use system handles non-weaving cloth image of the present invention, concrete steps are: (1) gray scale strengthens: image is carried out greyscale transformation, enlarge the grey scale change scope, the difference between fiber and the background is increased.(2) smoothing processing: adopting median filter method, is that the gray value of all pixels in the wicket at center is arranged by order from big to small with certain point, with the gray value of median as this point, thereby eliminates various interference noises, makes image more level and smooth.(3) binary conversion treatment: adopt and determine method based on the adaptive threshold of multiscale analysis, promptly earlier than under the large scale image histogram being decomposed, default cut zone, and utilize by negative and determine initial threshold to positive zero cross point, progressively reduce yardstick then up to smallest dimension, solve the corresponding relation of threshold value between the two adjacent yardsticks by the difference of more adjacent yardstick lower threshold value, the zero cross point under the smallest dimension is determined optimal threshold at last, thereby fiber and hole difference are come.(4) shape filtering: by corrosion (make the zone simultaneously from around inwardly dwindle), expand (make the zone simultaneously from around inwardly enlarge), acnode in refinement (figure similar the image transitions forming shape, that forms by simple camber line and curve) and the beta pruning processing removal of images such as (eliminating the burr the figure after the refinement), breakpoint and residual.Use systematic survey porosity of not weaving fabric of the present invention, concrete steps are:
(1) utilizes that white portion is the area and the sample gross area of hole in the software computed image of native system.
(2) just obtained the porosity of non-weaving cloth divided by the sample gross area with pore area.
(3) 20 non-weaving cloth samples randomly drawing are measured its porosity respectively, ask their mean value then, just obtained the porosity of this kind non-weaving cloth.Utilize porosity of not weaving fabric measuring method of the present invention and system that six kinds of non-weaving cloths are carried out porosity measurement, measurement result and weighing method measurement result see Table 1:
Table 1 measurement result of the present invention and weighing method measurement result
Porosity of not weaving fabric sample 1 sample 2 samples 3 samples 4 samples 5 samples 6
The porosity (%) 68.15 53.94 50.28 46.01 37.85 32.17 that the present invention measures
The porosity (%) 73.21 65.58 61.89 49.93 49.72 37.04 that weighing method is measured
Being described as follows about the result in the table 1:
Drawn porosity of not weaving fabric that two kinds of methods record distribution map according to the data in the table 1, as shown in Figure 3 by sample number into spectrum.Circle is represented the porosity that the inventive method is measured among Fig. 3, and triangle is represented the porosity that weighing method is measured, and solid line and dotted line are respectively the variation tendency lines of two kinds of method measured values.As seen from Figure 3, the porosity measured of two kinds of methods has closely similar variation tendency.Two groups of data are carried out correlation analysis find that coefficient correlation is 0.91, illustrates that the measured value of two kinds of methods has significant correlation.Above result shows that the inventive method can measure the porosity of non-weaving cloth effectively.
Claims (5)
1. a porosity of not weaving fabric measuring method is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1) carries out the non-weaving cloth sampling: on non-weaving cloth, randomly draw 20 samples, specifically be all to carry out 10 five equilibriums at non-weaving cloth length direction and width, 100 little lattice on non-weaving cloth, have been divided, give each little lattice numbering in proper order by " it " font then, worked out a randomizer program, after this program operation, computer can produce the integer between 20 1 to 100 at random, allow these 20 random numbers represent the number of 20 little lattice, again the non-weaving cloth sample of corresponding little lattice is extracted, thereby realized grab sample on non-weaving cloth, sample size is 20;
(2) gather fibre image: the non-weaving cloth fiber sample is made section, be placed on microscopically, by the optical microscope system enlarged image, the non-weaving cloth image that adopts the ccd video camera collection to amplify through microscope;
(3) handle fibre image: the fibre image of gathering is converted into digital picture through image pick-up card and imports in the computer, utilize the software of native system that image is handled, comprise gray scale enhancing, smoothing processing, binary conversion treatment and shape filtering, thereby obtain fiber profile clearly;
(4) measure porosity of not weaving fabric: utilize that white portion is the area and the sample gross area of hole in the software computed image of native system, just obtained the porosity of non-weaving cloth sample with pore area divided by the sample gross area; 20 non-weaving cloth samples randomly drawing are measured its porosity respectively, ask their mean value then, just obtained the porosity of this kind non-weaving cloth.
2. a kind of porosity of not weaving fabric measuring method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that it is to concern that by certain pointwise changes the gray value of each pixel in the image that step 3 gray scale strengthens, the grey scale change scope is broadened, difference between fiber and the background gray scale increases, and the target that is difficult to detect is detected easily.
3. a kind of porosity of not weaving fabric measuring method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that step 3 smoothing processing is to adopt median filtering technology, the gray value that with certain point is all pixels in the wicket at center is arranged by order from big to small, with the gray value of median as this point.
4. a kind of porosity of not weaving fabric measuring method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the adaptive threshold that step 3 binary conversion treatment is based on multiscale analysis determines method, earlier than under the large scale image histogram being decomposed, default cut zone, and utilize by negative and determine initial threshold to positive zero cross point, progressively reduce yardstick then up to smallest dimension, solve the corresponding relation of threshold value between the two adjacent yardsticks by the difference of more adjacent yardstick lower threshold value, the zero cross point under the smallest dimension is determined optimal threshold at last.
5. a kind of porosity of not weaving fabric measuring method according to claim 1 is characterized in that step 3 shape filtering is by acnode, breakpoint and residual branch in burn into expansion, refinement and the beta pruning processing removal of images.
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| CN101241082B (en) * | 2008-03-14 | 2010-06-02 | 东华大学 | Nonwoven fibric fibre orientation distribution measuring method |
| CN102937592B (en) * | 2012-10-20 | 2014-07-16 | 山东理工大学 | Ceramic radome pore and material loosening defect automatic detection method |
| CN103471973B (en) * | 2013-09-05 | 2016-04-06 | 东华大学 | A kind of image method measures the method for fabric pore feature |
| CN103712900B (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2016-09-07 | 青岛歌尔声学科技有限公司 | A kind of detection tuning conforming method and apparatus of mesh gap |
| CN106018240B (en) * | 2016-06-27 | 2019-01-04 | 新疆大学 | Random accumulation catalytic bed porosity profile test device |
| CN110246138B (en) * | 2018-03-09 | 2021-06-15 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method for segmenting pore throat of digital core image |
| CN109297937B (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2021-06-11 | 东华大学 | Anti-down-penetration characteristic test evaluation method based on fabric light-transmitting image |
| CN109975194A (en) * | 2019-04-26 | 2019-07-05 | 广东天承科技有限公司 | A kind of electroplated layer porosity measurement device and measurement method |
| CN111504954A (en) * | 2020-04-08 | 2020-08-07 | 中国航空制造技术研究院 | Method for detecting light transmittance of carbon fiber fabric |
| CN113724180A (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2021-11-30 | 上海微创卜算子医疗科技有限公司 | Method and apparatus for calculating porosity, and storage medium |
| CN111707594B (en) * | 2020-06-10 | 2022-03-25 | 华南理工大学 | Paper porosity detection method based on laser scanning confocal microscope |
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Assignee: Dalian Ruiyuan Nonwoven Group Co., Ltd. Assignor: Donghua University Contract record no.: 2010210000073 Denomination of invention: Method and system for measuring porosity of not weaving fabric Granted publication date: 20100324 License type: Exclusive License Open date: 20070509 Record date: 20100602 |
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