CN100593732C - Security system with mm-wave imaging - Google Patents

Security system with mm-wave imaging Download PDF

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Publication number
CN100593732C
CN100593732C CN200480023012A CN200480023012A CN100593732C CN 100593732 C CN100593732 C CN 100593732C CN 200480023012 A CN200480023012 A CN 200480023012A CN 200480023012 A CN200480023012 A CN 200480023012A CN 100593732 C CN100593732 C CN 100593732C
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
frequency
wave
antenna
millimeter
millimeter wave
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN200480023012A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN1864079A (en
Inventor
J·A·劳伯格
V·考林科
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Trex Enterprises Corp
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Trex Enterprises Corp
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Priority claimed from US10/639,322 external-priority patent/US6937182B2/en
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Publication of CN1864079A publication Critical patent/CN1864079A/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V8/00—Prospecting or detecting by optical means
    • G01V8/005—Prospecting or detecting by optical means operating with millimetre waves, e.g. measuring the black losey radiation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/887—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for detection of concealed objects, e.g. contraband or weapons
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/125—Means for positioning
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/22—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation in accordance with variation of frequency of radiated wave
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/2682—Time delay steered arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
    • H04B1/3805—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving with built-in auxiliary receivers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0408—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas using two or more beams, i.e. beam diversity

Abstract

A millimeter wave concealed weapons and contraband detection system. The preferred millimeter wave imaging equipment includes at least one millimeter wave frequency scanning antenna for collecting frequency dependent beams of millimeter wave radiation from a narrow one-dimensional field of view. The collected radiation is amplified at the collected frequencies and the amplified signals are separated into frequency dependent bins with a tapped-delay beam-former. These bins are then sampled to produce a one-dimensional image of the antenna field of view. A two dimensional image of a target may be obtained by moving the target across the field of view of the scanning antenna or by moving the antenna in order to scan its line of focus over the target. In preferred embodiments the millimeter wave imager is combined with an active eddy current type metal detector to provide a hybrid system providing important advantages over prior art security systems. Preferred embodiments include hybrid portal systems and hybrid handheld systems.

Description

Use the security system of mm-wave imaging
The present invention be submit in the sequence number in September 29 calendar year 2001 be 09/965,875, submit in the sequence number on August 12nd, 2003 be 10/639,322 and sequence number be the subsequent application of 10/728,432 U.S. Patent application, above-mentioned application all is combined in this for your guidance.The present invention relates to check system, relate in particular to metal detector and millimeter wave imaging system.
Background technology
Millimeter wave imaging system
Be operated in millimeter wavelength (1cm to 1mm; 30GHz to 300GHz) imaging system is well-known.These systems are important, because different with visible light be the radiation of these wavelength underdamp via the actual range of fog or smog.The radiation of millimeter wavelength also can penetrate clothing and have obvious thickness of material (such as dried wood and wallboard).Therefore these millimeter wave imaging systems have been used to aircraft and have seen through the visibility of fog with improvement, and are used to the Secure Application such as weapon of detecting hidden.The 5th, 121, No. 124 and the 5th, 365, these systems of describing in No. 237 United States Patent (USP)s are transferred to applicant's company.The system of describing in these patents uses antenna, and the direction of wherein collected millimeter-wave radiation is the function of frequency.The antenna of the type is called as " frequency sweeping " antenna.In frequency spectrum analyser, analyze collected millimeter-wave radiation to produce the one dimension image.Two dimensional image can obtain by scanning.5,121, in No. 124 described systems of patent, aerial signal is used to modulated acoustic-light device (Donald Bragg box (Bragg cell)), this equipment again the modulated laser wave beam to produce spectral image.5,365, in No. 237 described systems of patent, by aerial signal modulation electro-optical module, this electro-optical module modulated laser wave beam is again gone up to generate image so that the millimeter wave spectrum signal is acted on laser beam (it is separated into a plurality of spectrum components by standard subsequently).
The 4th, 654, No. 666 United States Patent (USP) has been described a kind of imaging system that comprises frequency scan antenna and frequency spectrum analyser, and wherein frequency spectrum analyser is used for the distribution of code radiometric of antenna collection is converted to the distribution of time encoding to reappear the one dimension scene.
Metal detector
Metal detector is well-known, and is widely used in Secure Application.An important purposes is to be used to survey weapon and the prohibited items of being concealed in the safety equipment of walking by inlet.These access devices are used to passenger's examination in most of airport.Metal detector is subdivided into passive-type and active usually.Passive-type is designed to survey ferrous metal and insensitive to other metal.Vortex flow in the active systems excitation conducting metal and the magnetic response of measuring them.Because most of ferrous metal is a low electric conductivity, so active systems is a poor efficiency for surveying ferrous metal.At senior safety entrance place, each sensor is responsible for surveying the object that is positioned at various height level (examination sector).Explained the work of active metal detectors with reference to Figure 17.Time-varying magnetic field 110 from source coil 112 produces vortex flow in conductive body 114, conductive body produces magnetic field 116 again, and magnetic field 116 produces electric current in probe coil 118, the existence of expression conductive body 114.
The concealed weapons of other prior art and prohibited items imaging and detection system
United States Justice Department, national judicial association have summarized concealed weapons and the prohibited items imaging and the detection system of prior art well in its NIJ handbook 602-00 (NCJ 184432).This handbook can obtain from internet http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij.The document has been described the characteristics of many available systems, comprises good and very not good characteristics.
A kind of relatively low cost of needs, the concealed weapons of handled easily and prohibited items imaging detection system are in particular for the inlet scanning of weapon and prohibited items.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides the detection system of a kind of millimeter wave concealed weapons and prohibited items.Preferred mm-wave imaging equipment comprises at least one millimeter wave spectrum scan antenna, is used for the millimeter-wave radiation wave beam that relies on from narrow one dimension visual field collection frequency.Collected radiation is exaggerated on collected frequency, and uses the tapped delay beam-shaper will be separated into (a plurality of) frequency dependence section (bin) through amplifying signal, with the one dimension image of these frequency bands of post-sampling with generation antenna visual field.The two dimensional image of target can be by target being passed scanning antenna visual field or scan its its focal lines on target by portable antenna and obtain.In a preferred embodiment, millimeter-wave imagingunit makes up so that a kind of commingled system that significantly is better than the prior art security system that provides to be provided with active vortex flow type metal detector.Preferred embodiment comprises and is mixed into port system and hybrid hand-held systems.
In a preferred embodiment, only 4.5 inches long of basic millimeter wave antennas, and by on a leptoprosopy, being carved with tiltedly poor WR-10 waveguide formation with 79mil (mil) spacing.This geometric shape (antenna is positioned at vertical direction) has been created across 20 degree vertical coverages, frequency scan antenna on 75.5-93.5GHz working sensor frequency band, about 1 degree beginning about 21 degree under with the 75.5GHz surface level under the surface level with 93.5GHz.A narrow rod-shaped cylindrical lens has covered the waveguide slot at each element place, and with the antenna beam vertical focusing in leaving 19 inches places of antenna.Antenna along vertically towards focal axis alignment of elliptical cylinder reflector (4.5 inches wide), and make the second parallel focal axis of catoptron be positioned at along light-path measured leave 19 inches places of antenna.This kind layout has obtained the one dimension wave beam.Focus (along light-path measured leave 19 inches on antenna) locate visual field and be slightly less than 1/2 inch wide, be approximately 6 inches high.The approximate depth of focus of this system has contained 14 inches 29 inches of arriving maximum magnitude of minimum zone.Frequency-scan angular range is corresponding to the 4.5 vertical inches at about 14 inches minimum operational range places.Be about 1.57 degree in the level at 84.5GHz center frequency-band frequency place and vertical resolution (half-power beam width), or at 19 inches focus places less than 1/2 inch.Two dimensional image requires the scanning (in antenna or the target any) on the horizontal direction.If (antenna is by horizontal positioned, and scanning is vertical just certainly.)
Preferably have only a unit (antenna and electronic equipment) to be used in the hand-held imager.Scanning is finished by the motion of wrist or arm.In a preferred embodiment, use the visual field of the 6 inches X6 inches in two/one scan focusing place to carry out imaging.Handheld unit preferably also comprises built-in metal detector, preferably is active eddy current type metal detector.
For preferred gateway unit, 64 this antenna elements are arranged as four heaps, and 16 antennas of every heap are to make up an inlet contraband screener.Each heap in the four heap antennas all towards zone of access road so that can synthesize the mm-wave imaging at the place ahead, both sides and the rear of passing through the personnel that enter the mouth.Fixing antenna element provides vertical scanning, and the personnel channel provides horizontal scanning.Preferably, personnel pass through passage and keep static on the escalator of level.Preferred gateway unit comprises " walking is passed through " formula metal detector.
Be called as in the preferred imager of " single rod " imager at another, the receiving element of antenna is 0.6 meter long, is made of waveguide of WR-10 grooved and the narrow rod-shaped cylindrical lens that is positioned at waveguide cell wall the place ahead.Waveguide is that 0.4 meter, long-focus length are 5 meters vertically aliging towards the short focal axis of elliptical cylinder reflector along short focal length length.When horizontal scanning, this imager provides enough big vertical one-dimensional visual field so that the personnel on the focus that is positioned at 5 meters distances are carried out imaging.On a leptoprosopy of waveguide, be carved with skewed slot with 2 millimeters spacings.This geometric shape has been created on the one dimension visual field across 20 degree, with the frequency scan antenna of 75.5-93.5GHz operation of receiver frequency band, from the about 1 degree beginning of the common waveguide axis of being lower than of 93.5GHz until be lower than about 21 degree of common waveguide axis with 75.5GHz.This antenna geometry provides level and the vertical space resolution at about 25 millimeters that leave 5 meters, catoptron summit (about 1 inches).Catoptron 10 degree that recede, the frequency scanned angle of wave beam (that is, 20 degree) variation in ± 10 degree scopes with respect to the horizontal plane like this.Perhaps, antenna can be inverted and turn forward about 8 the degree.Can on the direction vertical, carry out mechanical scanning to the antenna that comprises receiving element and catoptron with mirror axis.Horizontally rotating of the vertical frequency-scan of wave beam and antenna produced two-dimensional scan field (raster) image.Perhaps, can make the antenna fixed static, and examinee's level moves past about 1 inch wide vertical coverage of fixed antenna.This can be finished by horizontal escalator or cheap tread-mill (treadmill).Preferably, " walking by " metal detector closes on escalator or tread-mill is placed, to check examinee's concealed metal on one's body.Depth of focus be from 4.75 meters to 5.25 meters about 500mm (20 inches), imager can be positioned at and leave about 5 meters of metal detector like this, with when personnel by the time obtain his focal length imaging.
Description of drawings
Figure 1A-1C illustrates the feature of one dimension frequency sweeping slot antenna.
Fig. 2 A and 2B illustrate the technology that is used for antenna shown in the focused view 1A-1C.
Fig. 3 A and 3B are illustrated in the arrangement of 64 above-mentioned antennas in the inlet contraband scanner.
Fig. 4 illustrates the electronic circuit that is used for millimeter-wave signal is converted to image.
Fig. 5 illustrates by checking the personnel of inlet.
Fig. 6 illustrates the embodiment with big depth of field.
Fig. 7 A and 7B illustrate the distance between resolution relation and antenna and the target.
Fig. 8 A and 8B illustrate the feature of second preferred embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 9 is the chart that is used for the antenna radiation pattern of second preferred embodiment.
Figure 10 A and 10B illustrate the technology that is used to focus on the second preferred embodiment antenna.
Figure 11 is a block diagram of describing the second preferred embodiment main element.
Figure 12 is the view that is used for the beam-shaper of second preferred embodiment.
Figure 13 illustrates the experimental data from the prototype of second preferred embodiment.
Figure 14 A is the view that the prototype feature of second preferred embodiment is shown.
Figure 14 B is the view that the preferred application of second preferred embodiment is shown.
Figure 15 A-15C illustrates the imaging samples that use is taken according to the prototype of second preferred embodiment.
Figure 16 A and 16B illustrate the feature of hybrid security system.
Figure 17 illustrates the feature of prior art active metal detectors.
Figure 18 A and 18B illustrate hand-held imager and hand-held feature of mixing imaging detector.
Figure 19 A, 19B and 19C illustrate the computer generated image of the type that is produced by preferred entrance system.
Embodiment
4.5 inch millimeter-wave imagingunit
Antenna element
Figure 1A, 1B and 1C are the views of feature that the one dimension millimeter wave antenna of the aspect according to the present invention is shown.Figure 1A illustrates the elevation angle visual field of basic antenna element 2.Each antenna element 2 is made of the WR-10 waveguide, and external dimensions is a=0.180 ", b=0.130 ", inside dimension is a=0.100 " and, b=0.050 ".About 4.5 inches long of antenna element.When making antenna, a leptoprosopy is thinned down to 6mil from 40mil.Subsequently, each WR-10 radiating guide has 57 skewed slots 4, and skewed slot 4 is with 0.079 " the interval be engraved on its leptoprosopy, as radiated element.The angle of these grooves and coupling coefficient thus are increased to 25 degree that surpass of load end from 9.66 degree that flow into end, so that the approximate constant field intensity on the antenna length to be provided.This geometric shape be vertically arranged antenna created across 20 degree vertical coverages (with 75.5 to the working sensor frequency bands of 93.5GHz), under the surface level with 93.5GHz the frequency sweepings of about 1 degree beginning about 21 degree under level with 75.5GHz.
The focusing anteena element
In a preferred embodiment, the antenna element 2 shown in Figure 1A, 1B and the 1C is focused on 19 inches, shown in Fig. 2 A and 2B.In this case, vertically an its focal lines of towards elliptical cylindrical eyeglass 8 (4.5 inches wide) is positioned at the central authorities of the groove 4 of antenna element 2 (being positioned at 3.5 inches places leaving eyeglass 8), and its second focus 5 is according to along light-path 5 measurements to antenna 2 from the focal position, at 15.5 inches places leaving eyeglass 8, at 19 inches places leaving antenna 2, shown in Fig. 2 A.Narrow bar-shaped calibration lens 6 cover waveguide slots 4 and with antenna beam 7 vertical focusings to leaving 19 inches places of antenna according to what measure along light-path.In 73.5GHz, the wavelength of collected radiation is about 0.14 inch (3.6mm) in frequency range 93.5, corresponding to intermediate frequency band frequency 83.5GHz.Yet, in a preferred embodiment, resolution element (as hereinafter in detail as described in) all big (about 0.5 inch scope) in the horizontal and vertical directions.Antenna element 2 and its concentrating element are designated as antenna element 50 together in Fig. 2 A, 2B, 3A and 3B.At the focus place, system's visual field is slightly less than 1/2 inch wide, about 6 inches high.Because there is not resolution in the horizontal direction, this has just produced the one dimension image.Two dimensional image produces by antenna or target are scanned.
Antenna electronics
Calibration and amplification
In the preferred embodiment, Dickens, Charles switches the calibration that (Dicke switching) is used to imaging system.This technology is used Head switches 20 as shown in Figure 4, and switch 20 changes checking aerial signal and check between the predetermined temperature load 21.Head switches 20 is switched between antenna and load terminal with the speed of 3.84kHz.Can be heated about 40K at a switching cycle internal burden.This makes the unit can carry out real-time two temperature calibration, and gain fluctuation and temperature drift in the pair amplifier are made compensation.Switch self is W-frequency band microwave monolithic integrated circuit (MMIC) PIN switch, is made by M/A-Com, and loss is about 1.8dB.
Head switches is packed, and directly is admitted to front-end amplifier unit 22.The front-end amplifier unit comprises two low noise mmic amplifier 22A and 22B, bandpass filter 22C and low noise MMIC output amplifier 22D.Amplifier is required to have wide bandwidth, but keeps low noise figure, because they set noise temperature for total system.They are operated in surpassing under the 18GHz bandwidth from 75.5GHz to 93.5GHz.At first two amplifier 22A and the noise figure of 22B in the link, and the approximately gain of 19dB with the about 4dB under the 18GHz frequency band.Bandpass filter 22C the 3rd amplifier 22D that these amplifiers and design is slightly different separates.The 3rd amplifier 22D (being output amplifier) is tuned to gain with about 22dB and can generates output power up to 1mW before compression.In case packed, entire gain stage just have about 53dB gain and-the noise output power of 11dBm, noise figure is about 7dB.This comprises the loss from wave filter and transition element.Like this, each amplifier channel 22 provides the gain of 53dB and has the integrated matched load of well heater, and the PIN switch that is used for the mild field calibration of original place two temperature.Mmic amplifier and bandpass filter preferably use the co-plane waveguide design on the indium phosphide substrate to make.
The tapped delay beam-shaper
The antenna power that amplify in this broadband is fed to tapped delay beam-shaper shown in Figure 4 to be used to be decomposed into the frequency band of the vertical frequency imaging of representing the antenna visual field.Lag line 26 will be sent to 32 signal ports of beam-shaper 24 through the aerial signal of amplification.From the port 24-1 in beam-shaper 24 left sides, be delayed 36ps (with respect to the adjacent port in its left side) to the signal of each port.36ps postpones to be equivalent to three wavelength of 83.5GHz central authorities frequency band.(the aerial millimeter-wave frequency of 83GHz ripple is corresponding to the wavelength of about 3.6mm, and light is approximately transmitting this distance in the 12ps.) like this, the signal that arrives port 24-1 in the time 0 also will arrive port 24-2 at time 36ps, will arrive port 24-16 at time 576ps, and will arrive port 24-32 at 1.152ns.32 tap series of samples time period of 1.152 nanoseconds altogether, produce the frequency resolution of the 870MHz that is used for beam-shaper.(frequency resolution that is used for these beam-shapers is the inverse of T.T. length; 1/1.152ns=870MHz so in this case.) beam-shaper will be from 18 of antenna, the 000MHz broadband signal is categorized as 32 frequency bands by 28 expressions of 32 output ports.This provides average headway between the frequency band of 580MHz, in 1408MHz (each antenna beam bandwidth) vertical focal plane is carried out over-sampling with about 2.4 times (2.4X) like this.(frequency difference is 18,000MHz/31=580MHz, and the wave beam of antenna beam is roomy to approximate the inverse (1/0.71ns=1.408MHz) of the time (0.71ns) that light passes antenna element.) loss in lag line, beam shaping lens and input transition and bandwidth separation loss reduce pact-36dBm with the power level of each lens output.One group of 32 sensing detector diode 30 adds up this power on 32 frequency bands of each passage, so that a voltage signal to be provided, this voltage signal is corresponding to the light intensity of antenna element collected millimeter glistening light of waves on each of 32 frequency ranges.Reading integrated circuit (IC) chip by multiplexed multichannel of reading on the surface-mounted integrated circuit 32 subsequently from the voltage signal of each in these diode signals is read out.
Using smooth copper to cover is implemented in beam-shaper in the low consumption dielectric (such as polypropylene).Use the photoetch of creating circuit pattern to create lag line 26 with low-down cost, lag line 26 is sandwiched between two surface levels with hot pressing subsequently.In a preferred embodiment, the smoothness of the copper of formation lag line inside surface is crucial.Application goes into to find can make the loss in these lines be reduced to about 0.5dB/ inch from about 1.2dB/ inch by requiring the roughened copper surface degree to be no more than 300 nanometers.Prior art microwave surface roughness standard is 1400 to 2900 nanometers.As mentioned above, be sent to beam shaping lens 24 from the signal of these 32 taps, lens 24 guide in 32 output ports 28 one with each signal frequency range.
The inlet contraband screener
In the preferred embodiments of the present invention shown in Fig. 3 A and the 3B, 64 antenna elements of the above-mentioned type are used to provide the inlet contraband screener.In the preferred embodiment, the antenna element 50 of four groups every group 16 vertically pilings is arranged to inlet is preferably passed through in supervision with the speed of known about 1.5 feet per seconds on horizontal elevator personnel.Each antenna element is 4.5 inches long (being spaced apart 0.5 inch between the elements), storehouse is 80 inches high like this, wherein two storehouse 10A and 10B are arranged to the personnel's of checking the place ahead and side, two storehouse 10C and 10D are arranged to the personnel's of checking side and back, all shown in Fig. 3 A and 3B.
When personnel's 51 approaching inlets (41 inches wide), he enters focal area (leaving the distance of the only about half of inlet of center line of suction wide (20.5 inches)).Storehouse 10A becomes image antenna to be focused on the antemedial line of object with the place ahead among the 10B in this scope.When personnel from inlet when nearer, sensor focal distance is alignment outer inswept (shown in 52) therefrom, to generate the complete 2D imaging of personnel the place ahead and side.Under the specified translational speed of 1.5 feet per seconds, antenna beam just moves past a resolution element every about 40 milliseconds.Imager is read with 30Hz (slightly to the surface level over-sampling).In one second, when personnel move forward 18 inches, 60 row image pixels around two combination of antennas record object the place aheads and the both sides, it is separated by the projection level less than 1/4th inches.When personnel left inlet, second antenna among storehouse 10C and the 10D was to carrying out imaging with same method to his/her rear and both sides.
The electronic characteristic of contraband screener
In this embodiment, 16 antenna elements forming each antenna array use the amplifier installation of each antenna and beam-shaper 16 receiver channels of feeding.Amplifying signal from antenna element is processed as a pair of image, and one of them graphical representation is by the personnel's of inlet the place ahead and side, and another graphical representation is by the personnel's of inlet side and rear.In the preferred embodiment, working sensor is in the speed of 30Hz, and per second produces 30 sub-pictures.If our passage is set to the imaging time of the place ahead and rear image and respectively takies 1 second, then the place ahead and rear image will respectively comprise 60 pixels in the horizontal direction.For vertical direction, each in 16 antenna elements in each row produces altogether 32 wave beams in 512 angle wave beams.These wave beams will be distributed on 80 inches the vertical direction only leaving the about 7 inches places of antenna stacks by equivalent, and with crossover above about 7 inches.Therefore, the place ahead and rear image will respectively comprise 60 wide and 512 pixel height of pixel, and these images will produce by the inlet personnel around view.Pixel size is on the horizontal direction about 0.5 inch, on the vertical direction about 0.16 inch, is leaving 7 inches distances of storehouse.In fact surpass personnel's part of 7 inches away from storehouse for those, pixel data can use a computer software make amendment produce to adapt to crossover continuous stitching around image.
Each maximum four cascade gain stage that all have switch and the WR-9 input is arranged of 16 amplifiers in every row.Each amplifier comprises the enough shieldings that are connected and prevent the gain stage feedback that are used for power and control signal.
Background and illumination
When personnel did not pass through inlet, aerial array did not have object in their focal area, but from focal area broad regions received signal in addition.This zone can be coated with the millimeter absorbent foam materials of environment temperature.Foamed material is as the black matrix of millimeter-wave frequency, to the fixing broadband signal of antenna emission.If foam temperature is lower than human body temperature, foamed material then provides the good contrast to the personnel that pass through detector.This has improved the sharpness and the acutance of the image that generates.Equally, in a preferred embodiment, by providing ice-cold surface (as the low temperature infrared source) on by personnel's image of examination, to add the profile contrast on the inlet.Like this, in the frequency band that antenna element detected by ice-cold source send after the millimeter radiation of personnel reflection with by comparing much smaller than the reflected radiation of thermal source from around other.The result is that scanner will be seen the actual contrast by the personnel of being scanned of the angular direction of health each several part, clothing and potential prohibited items decision.
Privacy concern
The preferred application of the invention described above comprises the visual inspection of personnel's clothing being sought weapon or other prohibited items down.Example is the inspection inlet on the airport.This requires to check many innocent people.The image that is obtained illustrates the feature of the warm skin of personnel.Usually will be by the body part that clothing covered with about 0.5 inch resolution imaging.Like this, must confirm and handle privacy concern.In the advantageous applications of inlet contraband screener, two examination devices that separate are provided, one indicates " woman ", and another indicates " man ".The supervisory personnel of woman's examination device is the women, and the supervisory personnel of male examination device is the male sex.The monitor that examinee's image is shown does not allow the public to check with protected, and image will be saved and carefully be controlled by the supervisory personnel as the evidence purpose.Anyone the contraband screener inspection of all having the right not to be subjected to, but be to use the personnel of this authority will be subjected to suitable hand inspection.
In a further advantageous embodiment, provide the computer software that the image of responsive human body parts position is carried out Fuzzy Processing.In a further advantageous embodiment, providing can be to the accurate complicated software of discerning such as prohibited items such as gun, cutter and bombs.If on subject's body, be checked through these type of prohibited items, alarm signal (that can listen and/or visual) will be provided subsequently, these personnel can be selected to accept more particular exam like this.This software also can be located suspicious prohibited items by place visual sign on the prohibited items position of object images.Perhaps, the unusual fragment of skin contact only is shown in 64 image segments.
Image
Figure 19 B illustrates the example image type by above-mentioned entrance system record.These images are the computer generated images according to the millimeter wave data shown in Figure 19 A (using the single bar-shaped imager of the above-mentioned type to obtain).This object is held pistol under his shirt.The reader it should be noted that and only simulate 11 images (rather than 16) that image has crossover in some place.Shown in Figure 19 C, the control system of system can be programmed to only show the image that comprises useful information (for example, the possible weapon or the indication of prohibited items).This is helpful to reducing privacy hidden danger.Preferably, provide background, its can produce with the indicated temperature that sends and reflect than concealed weapons and prohibited items cold the corresponding radiation of temperature of Duoing.Imager can be discerned colder but than the object of ice-cold background heat than warm live body subsequently.Shown in Figure 19 C, only the image of Xian Shiing can be the image of the indication that comprises these medium temperatures.
26 inches single bar-shaped imagers
An alternative embodiment of the invention is used " single bar-shaped " imager cheaply.In this case, the unit contains only common aforesaid antenna, but in concrete situation, compares with 4.5 inches antennas that above-mentioned inlet contraband screener and following handheld unit are used, and antenna is 26 inches long.
Antenna
Fig. 8 A and 8B are the views of one dimension millimeter wave antenna element according to aspects of the present invention.Fig. 8 A illustrates the front view of the antenna of not being with lens CA, and lens CA is shown in the side view of Fig. 8 B.Antenna element 1 is by having external dimensions a=0.180 ", b=0.130 " and inside dimension a=0.100 ", b=0.050 " the WR-10 waveguide constitute, the slot part of this antenna is 24 inches long.In the manufacture process of antenna, a leptoprosopy is thinned to 6mil from 40mil.Carve 300 skewed slot 4A with the 2mm spacing subsequently on leptoprosopy, they are as receiving orifice 57 grooves of antenna (contrast in above-mentioned 5 ").The angle of groove increases to terminal 7 gradually from 3.6 degree of waveguide input port 60, to provide along the signal of the approximately constant of length coupling.The direction at angle changes, and the phase deviations of 180 degree between the continuous coupled groove are provided.This geometric shape is that vertically arranged antenna has been created on visual field across 20 degree, with the frequency sweeping of 75.5-93.5GHz system works frequency band.On vertical (elevation angle) plane, the aerial receiver element produces the narrow wide wave beam of 0.2 degree as shown in Figure 9 on each frequency.On surface level, its wave beam is that 120 degree are wide, because little " b " molded dimension of waveguide.
The focusing anteena element
In a preferred embodiment, the antenna element 1 shown in Figure 10 A focuses on 5 meters, shown in Figure 10 A and 10B.In this case, vertically an its focal lines of towards elliptical cylinder minute surface 8 (0.6 meter wide, 0.8 meter high) is positioned at the central authorities of the groove 5 of receiver element 1, and its second focus 9 is leaving 5 meters of antenna, shown in Figure 10 A.This focuses on 5 meters in the horizontal direction with antenna beam 10.Narrow rod-shaped lens 6A has covered waveguide slot 4A and will be corresponding to antenna beam 11 vertical focusings of 93.5GHz frequency at focus point 12 places of leaving 5 meters of antenna.75.5GHz than low frequency wave beam 13 be focused on leave antenna same distance place but at another focus point 14.Wave beam geometric shape supposition radiating guide signal shown in Figure 10 B is to collect at the bottom port 6 of slotted waveguide.
Antenna electronics
Calibration and amplification
In the preferred embodiment, Dickens, Charles switches (Dicke switching) and is used to calibrate imaging system.This technology is used Head switches 20 as shown in Figure 3, and switch 20 changes checking antenna 2A and check between the predetermined temperature load 21.Head switches 20 is switched with the speed of 3.84kHz.Can be heated about 40K at a switching cycle internal burden.This makes the unit can carry out real-time two temperature calibration, and gain fluctuation and temperature drift in the pair amplifier are made compensation.Switch self is W-frequency band microwave monolithic integrated circuit (MMIC) PIN switch, is made by M/A-Com, and loss is approximately 1.8dB.
Dickens, Charles switch 20 and low noise amplifier 62 are encapsulated in the signal amplification unit 64 together.Amplifier 62 comprises a series of low noise MMIC wide-band amplifiers, and these amplifiers can provide output power on the 75.5-95.5GHz frequency band, enough drive the millimeter wave detector in the tapped delay beam-shaper 66.Amplifier is required wide bandwidth but keeps low-noise factor, because they set noise temperature for total system.They are operated in the 18GHz bandwidth from 75.5GHz to 93.5GHz, and noise figure is about 7dB.Mmic amplifier and other amplifying unit element preferably use the co-plane waveguide design on the indium phosphide substrate to make.
The tapped delay beam-shaper
Amplify aerial signal from the broadband of antenna 2A and at first be exaggerated, and be fed to subsequently as Figure 11 and tapped delay beam-shaper 66 shown in Figure 12 frequency band with the vertical frequency imaging that is used to be decomposed into expression antenna visual field.As the more detailed expression of Figure 12, beam-shaper comprises incoming line 68, delay line network 70, Lotman (rotman) lens 72, in the input 76 of lens with export the horn array (horn array) at 78 places.The signal wire that is connected to the output electromagnetic horn terminates in the millimeter wave detector circuit 80 that is tuned to characteristic frequency.Delay line network is cut apart in input signal power between the electromagnetic horn 76, and creates by adjacent electromagnetic horn radiation and go into constant time delay between the signal of Lotman lens.These signal configuration of the other end at the Lotman lens make up the characteristic frequency that is used for one of 128 output electromagnetic horns 78, like this millimeter wave power are categorized as the different output ports that are used for different frequency.Increment signal between the input electromagnetic horn postpones to be selected as reaching the 300MHz frequency resolution of beam-shaper.This narrow band focusing power of beam-shaper has reached and has tentatively been represented as shown in figure 13 by the applicant.Narrow peak 32A seen in fig. 13 represents the response of one of 128 output signals of beam-shaper.Also can observe similar sharp keen response in 128 delivery channels of the circuit of other frequency each.
Using smooth copper to cover is implemented in beam-shaper in the low consumption dielectric (such as polypropylene).Use the photoetch of creating circuit pattern to create lag line 70 with low-down cost, lag line 70 is sandwiched in two surface levels in hot pressing subsequently.In a preferred embodiment, the smoothness of the copper of formation lag line inside surface is crucial.The applicant finds loss to be restricted to about 0.5dB/ inch by requiring the roughened copper surface degree to be no more than 300 nanometers.Prior art microwave surface roughness standard is 1400 to 2900 nanometers.
Acquisition of signal and sampling
According to the data among Figure 13, on the signal incoming frequency, the beam shaping modulator material is the origin cause of formation of the loss of signal of about 20dB.For 18GHz broadband input, extra 21dB loss of signal is because power input cutting apart between 128 delivery channels, and this loss meeting produces the resultant signal decay of 41dB at least of each channel.This low-down power is recorded by channel detection device 82 subsequently, as shown in figure 12.The detector output voltage is by reading chip 80 amplifications, integration and digitizing.The millimeter wave detector diode of very high sensitivity (such as Sb-heterojunction structure (Sb-heterostructure) diode of being made by the wired company in HRL laboratory (HRL Laboratories LLC)) is used to not decay in detection and sensing circuit with the signal-to-noise performance that guarantees former in the former.
As shown in figure 11, received by interface module 35 and to be used for each digitized signal of 128 frequency signals, interface module 35 communicates with computing machine 36, final deal with data and be shown as image on computing machine 36.Computing machine also is responsible for setting the optimize performance parameter of former, such as channel gain, integral time or the like.Same computing machine is used to control the image level scanning of using electric rotating platform.Order wire 37 between computing machine and the interface module 35 can be wired or wireless, depends on which kind of method is more suitable in application-specific.
Be used for a mechanical scanning former of disposing
In a preferred embodiment, comprise that millimeter wave and low frequency signal handle the above-mentioned antenna system of electronic equipment and be integrated on the mechanical rotation platform so that produce the two-dimensional scan field picture of object in the focussing plane of antenna.
The preferred disposition of imager is illustrated among Figure 14.Comprise that the millimeter-wave frequency scanning antenna system 84 of slotted waveguide receiver 2A and catoptron 8A is installed in the top of computer-controlled accurate rotation platform 86.Antenna accompanying platform base by engine 88 with 0.12 the degree step horizontally rotate, move horizontally half of about resolution point width like this at each step at the focus point that leaves 5 meters of imager.Platform be designed to be mechanically stable all be no more than 0.05 degree in the horizontal and vertical directions to guarantee that field angle moves at random.Rotating basis and motor drive are manufactured to the part of load-bearing tripod pedestal 91 so that transportation and deployment.The stepping engine is by engine control module 92 power supplies of the 94 reception instructions from the remote computer station.Millimeter-wave signal is handled and is affixed on the rotation platform identical with antenna system with sampling module 90.Being controlled to picture by the interface module 96 of communicating by letter with computing machine 94 obtains.Computing machine 94 is preferably and has the powered battery portable PC that the widescreen image shows.Computer characteristic must carry out in real time enough that imager control function, signal are obtained, Flame Image Process and demonstration.Computing machine 94 is by cable or Radio Link (depending on application requirements) and control and interface module 92 and 96 telecommunications.At module 92 and engine 88, being connected between millimeter wave module 90 and the interface unit 96 is preferably wired.
The example that imager is disposed is illustrated in demonstration and may hides among Figure 14 B of POW examination of weapon.The operator 98 100 control imagers 84 that use a computer from the safe distance place, and POW object 73 is stood in the focal plane of imager by order.The full images of object was scanned out in several seconds and image is displayed on the computer screen 72 to be used for hiding weapons analysis.If desired, a plurality of images of object various aspects can be obtained continuously.
The mechanical scanning image of the use current techniques defending party to the application is successfully set up and is tested.Imager provides about 3 Kelvins' temperature resolution for the image of 128 vertical pixels and 60 horizontal pixels acquisition times big or small and 2 seconds.Have been noted that under this temperature resolution, if, just can detect multiple metal object (such as gun, large-scale cutter and metal tube suicide vest) by native system allowing sweep object from the open spaces of metal surface reflection weather.Figure 15 A illustrates the example that the scanning imagery of the object of simulating pipeline suicide vest 104 is arranged for wearing.Figure 15 B is the scanning imagery example for the object that has metal cutter 106, and Figure 15 C is the scanning imagery example for the object that has handheld firearm 108.
The mixed cell that has metal detector
It is static that antenna can be held, and examinee's level is passed about 1 inch wide vertical coverage of static antenna.But this usage level escalator or cheap tread-mill are realized.Preferably, " walking by " metal detector closes on escalator or tread-mill is placed, to check examinee's concealed metal on one's body.About 500mm (20 inches) depth of focus has covered from 4.75 meters to 5.25 meters, imager can be positioned at and leave about 5 meters of metal detector like this, so that obtain the focal length imaging by its personnel.
The inlet that has metal detector and millimeter-wave imagingunit
By millimeter wave imaging system and magnetic metal detector set are incorporated in the inlet, can reach improved whole detectivity and object class.In the preferred embodiment that mixes inlet, the millimeter-wave imagingunit of proposition will enter the mouth with commercial metal detector (such as the model SMD 600 of CEIA group exploitation etc.) work simultaneously.
Successively the millimeter-wave imagingunit of work and metal detector are assisted mutually and are brought the performance of total system into new height.Metal detector can be very responsive to metal very in a small amount, this because harmless object (such as, coin, glasses, key or the like) the high frequency time alarm that triggers and having problems.In order to determine the reason of alarm, the Security Officer must carry out hand inspection, and this can slow down checking process significantly and increase safety cost.Millimeter-wave imagingunit can be to the same sensitivity of metal detector, but it has advantage producing on the image, can visually have been divided into such as object to threaten or do not have a threat.
In the expection situation, two systems are used to same inlet, and the metal object that triggers the metal detector alarm uses the millimeter-wave image in the part that is in these objects existence of expression to come scrutiny subsequently.The size and the shape that are detected object can be used to determine whether need further to check.Millimeter-wave image can be surveyed the nonmetal object that can't be detected by metal detector such as plastics, pottery etc.Plastics and sintex can be extremely have threat and be a big challenge to the existing security system that very big degree depends on metal probing method.
The preferred embodiment of millimeter wave and metal detector safety entrance 200 is illustrated among Figure 16 A and the 16B.Metal detector inlet 201 has the vertical component 202 that makes each single metal sensor.In case detect the metal object such as 203, inlet will be with the form of warning light (and/or audible alarm) to Security Officer's signal that gives the alarm.The heat radiation data of while two millimeter-wave imagingunits (205A) intelligence-collecting object on the right side, two other millimeter-wave imagingunit is collected data from inlet left side (205B).The metal detector alarm light (or similar indication) of specific part is shown with the heat picture from appropriate section.Automatically make decision by human operator who or by computer program subsequently: whether need extra examination.If metal detector does not detect metal, heat picture still can be found the existence of suspect object, and this will send signal to carry out more detailed inspection to the inlet security administrator.
A significant advantage of millimeter-wave imagingunit is in some cases, and it can help to solve alarm situations and not carry out hand inspection.Even require extra examination, it also can more can be understood fully the millimeter-wave image of suspect object essence and be not with the property invaded ground to carry out examination by requiring object to pass inlet once more and obtain.Even extra several times passing through spent some times, it also is that time loss is less and do not require that the Security Officer of special appointment comes execution work.
Figure 16 A illustrates the top view that mixes inlet 300 preferred embodiments.It comprises metal detector inlet 301 and mm-wave imaging inlet 302A and 302B.The millimeter wave inlet comprises left side (302B) and right side (302A) the mm-wave imaging sensor of collecting millimeter-wave radiation 310 from the relative both sides of human object.Object 304 enters entrance system from direction 311, and his front (left side and right side) surface is by sensor 302A and 302B imaging.Object is by the central authorities 305 of inlet, in the existence of the metal detector 312 perception metal objects of differing heights subsequently.Leaving inlet 306 o'clock, the rear millimeter-wave image of object is obtained by millimeter wave sensor 302A and 302B.This has finished an examination cycle.If triggered alarm, examination for the second time can be dealt with problems and do not needed hand inspection.
Hand-held imager-detector
Figure 18 A is the view of hand-held mm-wave imaging sensor 119.This sensor is above-mentioned basic imager sensor (seeing Fig. 2 A and 2B), has along light-path to focus on 19 inches (beginning 15.5 inches from eyeglass 8 back sides), is positioned at the one dimension image of 6 inches X1/2 inch visual fields at focus place with generation.(then, notice that antenna is a horizontal positioned for this unit, the one dimension horizontal image is produced by stationary unit like this, and vertical scanning produces two dimensional image.) in a preferred embodiment, the frame rate of sensor is 30Hz, is moved the two dimensional image of 6 inches X6 inch visual fields of scanning generation in a second of generation like this by operator's arm.Produce faster than the scanning of 6 inches per seconds far away that some are fuzzy.But extremely slow scanning produces preferably the contrast image with some distortion.Sensor pack is contained in to millimeter wave transparent having and covers in 122 the shell 120.In order to obtain optimum, the place ahead of sensor is maintained to leave and is scanned about 12 inches places, surface.About 4 pounds of unit weighs provides an ergonomics handle that has arm support 124 like this.126 hold handle 125 in the position.The image of target area is displayed on the screen 128.The battery of unit is comprised in the handle 125.
In a preferred embodiment, metal detection coil 128 is included in the unit, and shown in Figure 18 B, and the magnetic field of generation fluctuation is to produce vortex flow in the conductor object that produces other magnetic field.The magnetic field that these vortex flows produce is indicated the coil of the electric current of conductor object existence to be obtained by same generation successively.For metal detection, as much as possible near being scanned the surface with scanning element.
Other embodiment
The those of ordinary skill of prohibited items field of detecting will be recognized and can make many modifications to above-mentioned example.For example, personnel can be required with such as about usually walking speed 1/4 by inlet, rather than as above-mentioned allow personnel on horizontal escalator by inlet.Millimeter wave outer transparent barrier 60 can be placed in the inlet as illustrated in Figures 5 and 6, with the correct position of assurance personnel with respect to antenna element.In the selection of the focal position of antenna element, has multiple change in location.Antenna is positioned on the optics away from by audit crew and increase focusing length darker antenna element depth of focus will be provided.This can use minute surface 61 as shown in Figure 6 to finish, with the compactedness of holding unit.In Fig. 7, about lateral resolution of scanner is estimated to be provided as by the function of the distance between imaging surface and the antenna element.
Though what the present invention in the form that above is described to specific embodiment, one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that is to make many other changes.For example, can be suitable for providing relevant identification and reference information with the synchronous infrared or visible cameras of millimeter wave scanner.Can reach better resolution by the automatic focus that antenna element is provided.Perhaps, can provide to have various focusing length add ons groups and be programmed for and select the processor software of pinpointed focus by each part in when inlet at him for target person.Personnel by inlet can rotate before single storehouse, or they can rotate before four storehouses.For the application that enough examinations time is provided, discrete component or element cocoa still less are scanned by audit crew, no matter are automatically or manual.Modification for amplifier shown in Fig. 4 can realize, but preferablely must provide the gain of 50dB at least.Fig. 8 A is vertical with the single bar-shaped imager shown in the 8B to be placed and horizontally rotates.In other embodiments, these directions can be revised.The scope of rotation can be any amount during some angle to 360 degree from above-mentioned application rotate fully.Equally, single bar-shaped imager can be a stationkeeping, can be horizontally through vertical beam by imaging object.Equally, object can rotate in vertical beam.Like this, scope of the present invention should be determined by accessory claim and their legal equivalents.

Claims (40)

1. the imaging and the detection system of concealed weapons and prohibited items comprise:
A. at least one millimeter-wave frequency scanning antenna is used for the millimeter-wave radiation wave beam that relies on from narrow one dimension visual field collection frequency;
B. millimeter wave amplifier is used for amplifying described millimeter-wave radiation on the frequency of having collected;
C. beam-shaper is used to separate the described radiation of collecting of having amplified and relies on signal with the frequency that produces corresponding to described frequency dependence wave beam, and described beam-shaper comprises:
C1). a plurality of lag lines;
C2). the millimeter wave lens; And
C3). a plurality of millimeter wave power detectors; And
D. sample circuit is used for read frequency and relies on signal to produce the one dimension image of antenna visual field.
2. the system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises focalizer, is used to focus on described frequency scan antenna.
3. system as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that described focalizer comprises cylinder reflector and cylindrical lens.
4. the system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described millimeter wave amplifier comprises three mmic amplifier and bandpass filter of being manufactured on the indium phosphide substrate.
5. system as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, described amplifier comprises the co-plane waveguide design.
6. system as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, described amplifier provides the gain of 50dB at least.
7. the system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described lag line is made up of to create adjustable length circuit pattern etch copper.
8. system as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, described lag line defining surface roughness is less than the copper surface of 300 nanometers.
9. the system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described at least one frequency scan antenna is a frequency scan antenna.
10. system as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, a described frequency scan antenna is at least 20 inches long.
11. system as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, a described frequency scan antenna is 26 inches long, and comprises 300 skewed slots as receiver hole.
12. system as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, described at least one frequency scan antenna is a frequency scan antenna.
13. system as claimed in claim 12 is characterized in that, a described frequency scan antenna is at least 20 inches long.
14. system as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, a described frequency scan antenna is 26 inches long and comprises 300 skewed slots as receiver hole.
15. the system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises at least one metal detector.
16. the system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises metal detector, wherein said system is a hand system.
17. a millimeter wave imaging system, wherein said millimeter wave imaging system are single bar-shaped millimeter wave imaging systems, comprising:
A. single millimeter-wave frequency scanning antenna is used for the millimeter-wave radiation wave beam that relies on from narrow one dimension visual field collection frequency;
B. millimeter wave amplifier is used for amplifying described millimeter-wave radiation on the frequency of having collected;
C. beam-shaper is used to separate the described radiation of collecting of having amplified and relies on signal with the frequency that produces corresponding to described frequency dependence wave beam, and described beam-shaper comprises:
C1). a plurality of lag lines;
C2). the millimeter wave lens; And
C3). a plurality of millimeter wave power detectors; And
D. sample circuit is used for read frequency and relies on signal to produce the one dimension image of antenna visual field.
18. system as claimed in claim 17 is characterized in that also comprising focalizer, is used to focus on described frequency scan antenna.
19. system as claimed in claim 17 is characterized in that, described focalizer comprises cylinder reflector and cylindrical lens.
20. system as claimed in claim 17 is characterized in that, described millimeter wave amplifier comprises three mmic amplifier and bandpass filter of being manufactured on the indium phosphide substrate.
21. system as claimed in claim 17 is characterized in that, described amplifier comprises the co-plane waveguide design.
22. system as claimed in claim 17 is characterized in that, described amplifier provides the gain of 50dB at least.
23. system as claimed in claim 17 is characterized in that, described lag line is made up of to create adjustable length circuit pattern etch copper.
24. system as claimed in claim 17 is characterized in that, described lag line defining surface roughness is less than the copper surface of 300 nanometers.
25. system as claimed in claim 17 is characterized in that, also comprises at least one metal detector.
26. the imaging and the detection system of enter the mouth concealed weapons and prohibited items comprise:
A. the metal detector that enters the mouth, and
B. the contraband screener that enters the mouth comprises a plurality of millimeter wave sensors, and each described a plurality of millimeter wave sensor comprises:
B1). at least one millimeter-wave frequency scanning antenna is used for the millimeter-wave radiation wave beam that relies on from narrow one dimension visual field collection frequency;
B2). millimeter wave amplifier is used for amplifying described millimeter-wave radiation on the frequency of having collected;
B3). beam-shaper, be used to separate the described radiation of collecting of having amplified and rely on signal with the frequency that produces corresponding to described frequency dependence wave beam, described beam-shaper comprises:
A, a plurality of lag lines;
B, the millimeter wave lens; And
C, a plurality of millimeter wave power detectors; And
B4). sample circuit is used for read frequency and relies on signal to produce the one dimension image of antenna visual field.
27. system as claimed in claim 26 is characterized in that, each described a plurality of millimeter wave sensor also comprises focalizer, is used to focus on described frequency scan antenna.
28. system as claimed in claim 27 is characterized in that, described focalizer comprises cylinder reflector and cylindrical lens.
29. system as claimed in claim 28 is characterized in that, each described millimeter wave amplifier comprises three mmic amplifier and bandpass filter of being manufactured on the indium phosphide substrate.
30. system as claimed in claim 29 is characterized in that, described amplifier comprises the co-plane waveguide design.
31. system as claimed in claim 29 is characterized in that, described amplifier provides the gain of 50dB at least.
32. system as claimed in claim 26 is characterized in that, each described lag line is made up of to create adjustable length circuit pattern etch copper.
33. system as claimed in claim 32 is characterized in that, described lag line defining surface roughness is less than the copper surface of 300 nanometers.
34. an imaging and a detection system of mixing inlet concealed weapons and prohibited items comprises:
A. metal detector, and
B. the contraband screener that enters the mouth comprises a plurality of millimeter wave sensors, and each described a plurality of millimeter wave sensor comprises:
B1). at least one millimeter-wave frequency scanning antenna is used for the millimeter-wave radiation wave beam that relies on from narrow one dimension visual field collection frequency;
B2). high-speed switch is used for calibration;
B3). millimeter wave amplifier, be used on the frequency of having collected, amplifying described millimeter-wave radiation, described amplifier comprises at least three mmic amplifier and bandpass filter of being manufactured on the indium phosphide substrate;
B4). beam-shaper, be used to separate the described radiation of collecting of having amplified and rely on signal with the frequency that produces corresponding to described frequency dependence wave beam, described beam-shaper comprises:
A, a plurality of lag lines;
B, the millimeter wave lens, and
C, a plurality of millimeter wave power detectors; And
B5). sample circuit, be used for read frequency and rely on the one dimension image of signal with generation antenna visual field,
B6). focalizer is used to focus on described sensor.
35. the imaging and the detection system of mixing inlet concealed weapons as claimed in claim 34 and prohibited items is characterized in that described focalizer comprises cylinder reflector and cylindrical lens.
36. the imaging and the detection system of mixing inlet concealed weapons as claimed in claim 34 and prohibited items is characterized in that described amplifier comprises the co-plane waveguide design.
37. the imaging and the detection system of mixing inlet concealed weapons as claimed in claim 34 and prohibited items is characterized in that described amplifier provides the gain of 50dB at least.
38. the imaging and the detection system of mixing inlet concealed weapons as claimed in claim 34 and prohibited items is characterized in that each described lag line is made up of to create adjustable length circuit pattern etch copper.
39. the imaging and the detection system of mixing inlet concealed weapons as claimed in claim 38 and prohibited items is characterized in that described lag line defining surface roughness is less than the copper surface of 300 nanometers.
40. the imaging and the detection system of mixing inlet concealed weapons as claimed in claim 34 and prohibited items is characterized in that described a plurality of sensors are arranged to four storehouses, each storehouse comprises at least 16 sensors.
CN200480023012A 2003-08-12 2004-08-10 Security system with mm-wave imaging Expired - Fee Related CN100593732C (en)

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